TY - JOUR A1 - Jahnke, Dörte A1 - Schulze, S. A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang T1 - Langfristige Effekte des Gruppenprogramms "Depressionen vorbeugen" : 6-Monats-Follos-up Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Inversini, Simone T1 - Wirkungsvolles Change Management in Abhängigkeit von situativen Anforderungen : Zusammenfassung der Dissertation von Simone Inversini Y1 - 2005 UR - http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/dekanat_philfak2/promotion/files/abstract_inversini.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - "At-risk" concept Y1 - 2005 SN - 0-562-165117-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Verhaltenstherapeutische Techniken in der Behandlung der kindlichen Adipositas Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuhaus, Kathrin A1 - Metz, Anna-Marie T1 - Reduzierung psychischer Fehlbelastung bei Krankenpflegekräften durch Gesundheitsforschung Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-540-21353-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Fromme, Carmen A1 - Petermann, Franz T1 - Konzeption und Analyse eines gewichtsspezifischen Lebensqualitätsbogens für übergewichtige und adipöse Kinder und Jugendliche (GW-LQ-KJ) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Schaarschmidt, Uwe T1 - Halbtagsjobber? : psychische Gesundheit im Lehrberuf - Analyse eines veränderungsbedürftigen Zustandes Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-407-25407-5 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hornig, R. A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Weidenfeld, Andrea T1 - Two principles of premise integration in spatial reasoning N2 - We propose two principles that facilitate integration of two relational premises in spatial reasoning. Integration is easier if the anaphor in the second premise, P2, bears the role of the relatum (relatum = given). Moreover, integration is easier if, in P2, the anaphor is mentioned before the new element (given-new). In premises with canonical word order (grammatical subjects mentioned first), these principles always conflict with one another. In topicalized statements mentioning the prepositional phrase first, the two principles work in tandem. By varying word order, we tested the two principles by measuring P2 comprehension times. Comprehension times indicated that integration was easiest when P2 obeyed both principles and most difficult when both principles were violated. Canonical premises were of intermediate difficulty. This pattern emerged regardless of whether the anaphor was a definite description or a pronoun Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Hohm, E. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. T1 - Elevated risk of smoking in children with externalizing disorders N2 - Background: Several studies have reported higher smoking rates among adolescents with externalizing disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder) as compared to healthy controls. Objective: To follow the association between childhood externalizing disorders and smoking during development, to determine the type of problems most strongly related to later tobacco use, and to control for the influence of covarying factors. Methods: Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children born with different perinatal and psychosocial risks. Standardized assessments of behavioral disorders between 2 and 11 years and of tobacco use at age 15 were obtained. Results: 15-year-olds with externalizing disorders between 2 and 11 years reported higher tobacco use than those without a history of disorder. This association could be followed back into early childhood and held up even after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: The findings suggest that childhood externalizing disorders may represent an independent risk factor for elevated tobacco use in adolescence Y1 - 2005 SN - 1616-3443 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keus, I. M. A1 - Jenks, C. A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Psychophysiological evidence that the SNARC effect has a functional locus in a response selection stage N2 - When participants judge the parity of visually presented digits, left-hand responses are faster for numerically small numbers, whereas right-hand responses are faster for large numbers [SNARC effect; S. Dehaene, S. Bossini, P. Giraux, The mental representation of parity and number magnitude. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 122, (1993) 371-396]. The present study aimed to find more direct evidence for the functional locus of this effect by recording brain waves while participants performed speeded parity judgments giving manual responses. Our results show clear and robust SNARC effects in the response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) compared to the stimulus-locked ERPs, confirming that the SNARC effect arises during response-related rather than stimulus-related processing stages. Further analyses of lateralized readiness potentials strongly suggest that the SNARC effect begins to emerge in a response-related stage prior to response preparation and execution, more specifically, in a response selection stage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Jahnke, Dörte T1 - The efficacy of family involvement in the treatment of anxiety disorders and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence : Current state of evidence-based psychotherapy N2 - This paper describes the current findings concerning efficacy from randomized controlled trials of family-based interventions for children and adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. To date, parents have only been included in controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral interventions. Efficacy trials for anxiety disorders have only been carried out in 6- to 14-year olds, but have shown that younger children (7 to 10 years old) benefited when the family was involved. By contrast, the existing efficacy trials for depressive disorders have been limited to adolescents (13 to 18 years old), and have shown that family-based interventions are not superior to pure adolescent therapy Y1 - 2005 SN - 0942-5403 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Jahnke, Dörte A1 - Heerwagen, A. A1 - Neuperdt, C. T1 - Depression, Angst, und Essstörungssymptomatik und erinnertes elterliches Erziehungsverhalten : Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders and recalled parental rearing behavior N2 - Objectives: Prevalence rates and sex differences in depression, anxiety, and eating disorders and associations with recalled childrearing practices. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on self-report scales: Questionnaire of Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior (German version of EMBU), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fragebogen zur Depressionsdiagnostik nach DSM-IV (German version of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). 707 university entrants with an average age of 20 years were tested. Results: Point prevalence rates of 6.2 % for depression, 5.2 % for anxiety disorders, and 6.9 % for eating disorders. Higher rates in females for all of the three disorders. Significant associations of sociodemographic and biographical factors with the recalled parental rearing behavior and mental disorders was found. After controlling the impact of factors such as sex, parental divorce, or the occurrence of chronic physical disease the recalled parental rearing behavior proved to be a significant variable especially for depression (lack of warmth by the father, rejection/punishment and control/overprotection by the mother), but also for anxiety (control/overprotection by the father and rejection/punishment by the mother) and eating disorders (control/overprotection by the mother) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Mattejat, Fritz T1 - Familienorientierte Diagnostik und Intervention bei psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter : Family-oriented assessment and intervention for metal disorders in children and adolescents N2 - This editorial stresses the great importance of family-oriented assessment and psychotherapy for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Further systematic evaluation of family-based intervention programs and family- oriented assessment scales in controlled trials is suggested. This could decrease the existing discrepancy between clinical practice and empirical research in the field of child and adolescent psychotherapy Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko A1 - Fries, Stefan T1 - Motivationale Optimierung eines Trainings zur Denkförderung Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko A1 - Günther, A. T1 - Ein Unterrichtsbeispiel zum lehrplanabgestimmten Einsatz individueller Bezugsnormen Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Trainings auf der Grundlage "klassischer" Motivationspsychologie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Abschließende Wertung der Interventionsstudien und Ausblick Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Verhaltenslenkung in Lehr- und Erziehungssituationen Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothe, Heinz-Jürgen A1 - Wandke, Hartmut T1 - Farewell from Friedhart Klix Y1 - 2005 SN - 0932-4089 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Verhaltenstherapie bei Neurodermitis Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Asthma bronchiale Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-0593-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Verhaltenstherapie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-540-01251-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Besonderheiten der Bindungsentwicklung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metz, Anna-Marie A1 - Richter, Gabriele T1 - Psychische Belastungen : der Stand der Dinge in der Praxis Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89334-431-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metz, Anna-Marie T1 - Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter an Hochschulen : Belastungen und Ressourcen Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89334-431-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Kröller, Katja T1 - Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter : was sind Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer Binge Eating Disorder? Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Petermann, Franz A1 - Fromme, Carmen T1 - Adipositas : Training mit Kindern und Jugendlichen Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-621-27489-8 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Metz, Anna-Marie A1 - Neuhaus, Kathrin A1 - Kunze, Daniela T1 - Gesund Pflegen im Krankenhaus : nachhaltige Reduzierung psychischer Fehlbelastung von Krankenpflegekräften durch Gesundheitsförderung T3 - Inqua-Pflege Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-86509-426-0 VL - 1064 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW Verl. für Neue Wiss CY - Bremerhaven ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidenfeld, Andrea A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Hornig, R T1 - Causal and noncausal conditionals : an integrated model of interpretation and reasoning N2 - We present an integrated model for the understanding of and the reasoning from conditional statements. Central assumptions from several approaches are integrated into a causal path model. According to the model, the cognitive availability of exceptions to a conditional reduces the subjective conditional probability of the consequent, given the antecedent. This conditional probability determines people's degree of belief in the conditional, which in turn affects their willingness to accept logically valid inferences. In addition to this indirect pathway, the model contains a direct pathway: Availability of exceptional situations directly reduces the endorsement of valid inferences. We tested the integrated model with three experiments using conditional statements embedded in pseudonaturalistic cover stories. An explicitly mentioned causal link between antecedent and consequent was either present (causal conditionals) or absent (arbitrary conditionals). The model was supported for the causal but not for the arbitrary conditional statements Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, Dana T1 - Spatial associatiosn in number-related tasks : a comparison of manual and pedal responses N2 - Bimanual parity judgments of numerically small (large) digits are faster with the left (right) hand (the SNARC effect; Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). According to one explanation, this effect is culturally derived and reflects ontogenetic influences such as the direction of written language; it might therefore be limited to, or at least be larger with, pairs of lateralized effectors which are instrumental to the production and comprehension of written language. We report two experiments which test for SNARC effects with pedal responses, and compare these effects to manual results. Pedal responses yielded highly systematic SNARC effects; furthermore, these effects did not differ from manual SNARC effects, These results argue against accounts in which the SNARC effect is specific for effectors that are habitually associated with the production or comprehension of written language Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niehaus, Susanna A1 - Krause, A A1 - Schmidke, J T1 - Deception strategies in the description of sex crimes N2 - Criteria-Based Content Analysis (Steller & Kohnken, 1989) is part of a method used for assessing the credibility of witness statements. One underlying assumption of CBCA is that deceivers will leave out certain contents that they believe will damage their self-image. Recent studies on content-related deceptive strategies of children and adults support this assumption. Nevertheless, results concerning certain motivation-related contents (self-deprecation, pardoning the perpetrator) were inconsistent with this assumption. However, previous studies have dealt with issues other than sexual offense and therefore were of limited external validity concerning specific forensic issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of content characteristics with regard to false statements in rape cases. Female non-student adults (N = 120) were given a standardized questionnaire which targeted participants' content- related deception strategies. Results show differences in the strategic value of content characteristics. Moreover, strategies of deception seem to strongly depend on the type of event assessed Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Grußwort zum 13. Symposium Frühförderung, Potsdam Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Entwicklungspsychologie Diagnostik Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keus, I. M. A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Searching for the functional locus of the SNARC effect : evidence for a response-related origin Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Besonderheiten der Bindungsentwicklung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom : mit Fallvignetten von Claudine Calvet Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Rheinberg, Falko A1 - Krug, Siegbert T1 - Motivationsförderung im Schulalltag : psychologische Grundlagen und praktische Durchführung T3 - Ergebnisse der pädagogischen Psychologie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 VL - 8 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Mergenthaler, Konstantin T1 - Statistics of fixational eye movements and oculomotor control Y1 - 2005 SN - 0301-0066 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Sind junge Mütter ein Risiko für die Kindesentwicklung? Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Grüning, Th. A1 - Krug, W. A1 - May, P. A1 - Meiers, K. A1 - Trebert, M. T1 - Wie Kindern mit Lernschwierigkeiten wirksam helfen? Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Schmidt, M. H. T1 - Modell der Entstehung von Substanzmissbrauch : stellt die Frühkindheit die Weichen? Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-525-46237-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschberger, E. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Auditive selektive Aufmerksamkeit bei geriatrischen Patienten mit einem visuellen Neglect Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Jahnke, Dörte T1 - Die Wirksamkeit familienbezogener Interventionsansätze bei Angststörungen und depressiven Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter : Stand der Entwicklung Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Sabine A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Auditiv-sprachliche Störung der Informationsverarbeitung bei Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung. Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Hom, Erika A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. T1 - Erhöhtes Raucherrisiko von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeits- und Verhaltensstörungen Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lay, Barbara A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. T1 - Juvenile-episodic, continued or adult-onset delinquency? Risk conditions analysed in a cohort of children followed up to the age of 25 years Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, A. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - EEG-Kohärenzanalyse zur Untersuchung eines Automatisierungsdefizits bei Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung und ADHS : eine Pilotstudie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Motivationsprobleme : sieben Stufen der Diagnose Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Trainings auf der Basis eines kognitiven Motivationsmodells Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1905-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Lehmann, K. T1 - Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für frühen Erstkonsum und problematischen Gebrauch von Nikotin, Alkohol und illegalen Substanzen im Jugendalter Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-525-46237-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang T1 - Ausgeglichen und entspannt: Kriterien für psychische Gesundheit Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, M. H. T1 - Aggressiv-dissoziale Störungen und rechtsextreme Einstellungen : Prävalenz, Geschlechtsunterschiede, Verlauf und Risikofaktoren Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang A1 - Kuhnke, A. A1 - Reer, M, A1 - Jahnke, Dörte T1 - Die Wirksamkeit eines psychoedukativen Kurzzeitprogrammes bei depressiven Erwachsenen Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aurich, Eberhard A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - May, P. A1 - Meiers, K. T1 - Gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der Schriftsprachkompetenz und Möglichkeiten ihrer Förderung Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bakhshayesh, Ari b. A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang T1 - Die Wirksamkeit von Kurzzeit-EMDR bei traumatisierten Kriegsveteranen im Iran Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-89967-220-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Elke B. T1 - Disruption of attention by irrelevant stimuli in serial recall N2 - In four experiments the behavioral consequences of an involuntary attentional distraction concerning memory performance was investigated. The working memory model of Cowan (1995) predicts a performance deficit for memory representations that are held in an active state when the focus of attention is distracted by a change in physical properties. In the first experiment, the distraction was realized by an irrelevant tone, which was repeatedly presented and exchanged by another tone unexpectedly. Further experiments explored an analogous effect of irrelevant visual- spatial stimuli. The experiments demonstrated a domain-specific distraction effect: an irrelevant tone change impaired performance in verbal but not in spatial serial recall, whereas a change of position of an irrelevant object disrupted spatial but not verbal memory performance. The results are discussed in the context of several memory models that offer accounts for the effect of irrelevant changing state sounds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 SN - 0749-596X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Elke B. A1 - Oberauer, Klaus T1 - Overwriting of phonemic features in serial recall N2 - We tested explanations of the phonological similarity effect in verbal short-term memory: the confusion hypothesis assumes that serial positions of similar items are confused. The overwriting hypothesis states that similar items share feature representations, which are overwritten. Participants memorised a phonologically dissimilar list of CVC-trigrams (Experiment 1) or words (Experiment 2 and 3) for serial recall. In the retention interval they real aloud other items. The material of the distractor task jointly overlapped one item of the memory list. The recall of this item was impaired, and the effect was not based on intrusions from the distractor task alone. The results provide evidence for feature overwriting as one potential mechanism contributing to the phonological similarity effect Y1 - 2005 SN - 0965-8211 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewandowsky, Stephan A1 - Stritzke, W. G. K. A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Morales, M. T1 - Memory for fact, fiction, and misinformation : the Iraq War 2003 N2 - Media coverage of the 2003 Iraq War frequently contained corrections and retractions of earlier information. For example, claims that Iraqi forces executed coalition prisoners of war after they surrendered were retracted the day after the claims were made. Similarly, tentative initial reports about the discovery of weapons of mass destruction were all later disconfirmed. We investigated the effects of these retractions and disconfirmations on people's memory for and beliefs about war-related events in two coalition countries (Australia and the United States) and one country that opposed the war (Germany). Participants were queried about (a) true events, (b) events initially presented as fact but subsequently retracted, and (c) fictional events. Participants in the United States did not show sensitivity to the correction of misinformation, whereas participants in Australia and Germany discounted corrected misinformation. Our results are consistent with previous findings in that the differences between samples reflect greater suspicion about the motives underlying the war among people in Australia and Germany than among people in the United States Y1 - 2005 SN - 0956-7976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus T1 - Binding and inhibition in working memory : individual and age differences in short-term recognition N2 - Two studies investigated the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC), adult age, and the resolution of conflict between familiarity and recollection in short-term recognition tasks. Experiment 1 showed a specific deficit of young adults with low WMC in rejecting intrusion probes (i.e., highly familiar probes) in a modified Sternberg task, which was similar to the deficit found in old adults in a parallel experiment (K. Oberauer, 2001). Experiment 2 generalized these results to 3 recognition paradigms (modified Sternberg, local recognition, and n back tasks). Old adults showed disproportional performance deficits on intrusion probes only in terms of reaction times, whereas young adults with low WMC showed them only in terms of errors. The generality of the effect across paradigms is more compatible with a deficit in content-context bindings subserving recollection than with a deficit in inhibition of irrelevant information in working memory. Structural equation models showed that WMC is related to the efficiency of recollection but not of familiarity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Y1 - 2005 SN - 0096-3445 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus T1 - Control of the contents of working memory : a comparison of two paradigms and two age groups N2 - Two experiments investigated whether young and old adults can temporarily remove information from a capacity- limited central component of working memory (WM) into another component, the activated part of long-term memory (LTM). Experiment I used a modified Sternberg recognition task (S. Sternberg, 1969); Experiment 2 used an arithmetic memory- updating task. In both paradigms, participants memorized 2 lists, one of which was cued as temporarily irrelevant. Removal of the irrelevant list from capacity-limited WM was indexed by the disappearance of list-length effects of that list on latencies for concurrent processing tasks. Young adults could oursource the irrelevant list within 2-3 s and retrieve it back into the central part of WM later. Old adults showed the same flexibility in the arithmetic updating task but seemed somewhat less able or inclined to temporarily move information into the activated part of LTM in the modified Sternberg task Y1 - 2005 SN - 0278-7393 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Hornig, R. A1 - Weidenfeld, Andrea A1 - Wilhelm, Oliver T1 - Effects of directionality in deductive reasoning : II. Premise integration and conclusion evaluation N2 - Previous research (Oberauer & Wilhelm, 2000) has shown an inherent directionality between the two terms linked in premises of typical deductive reasoning tasks. With three experiments we investigated the effect of inherent directionality on the time to integrate two premises and for the derivation of a conclusion. We varied figure (i.e., order of terms in the premises) and direction of inference (i.e., order of terms in the conclusion) in deduction tasks from various domains (propositional reasoning, syllogisms, spatial, temporal, and linear order reasoning). Effects of figure on premise reading times varied with the directionality of the relations. Effects of direction of inference reflected the same directionality for a subset of relations. We propose that two factors are jointly responsible for a large part of observed directionality effects in premise integration: the inherent directionality of relational statements and a general advantage for a given-new order of terms in the second premise. Difficulty of deriving a conclusion is affected by the directionality or relations if and only if the relation is semantically asymmetric, so that the directionality must be preserved in the integrated mental model Y1 - 2005 SN - 0272-4987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Schulze, Ralf A1 - Wilhelm, Oliver A1 - Süss, Heinz-Martin T1 - Working memory and intelligence : their correlation and their relation ; Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005) N2 - On the basis of a mete-analysis of pairwise correlations between working memory tasks and cognitive ability measures, P. L. Ackerman. M. E. Beier, and M. O. Boyle (2005) claimed that working memory capacity (WMC) shares less than 25% of its variance with general intelligence (,;) and with reasoning ability. In this comment, the authors argue that this is an underestimation because of several methodological shortcomings and biases. A reanalysis of the data reported in Ackerman et al. using the correct statistical procedures demonstrates that g and WMC are very highly correlated. On a conceptual level. the authors point out that WMC should be regarded as an explanatory construct for intellectual abilities. Theories of working memory do not claim that WMC is isomorphic with intelligence factors but that it is a very strong predictor of reasoning ability and also predicts general fluid intelligence and g. Y1 - 2005 SN - 0033-2909 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Fromme, Carmen A1 - Petermann, Franz T1 - Conception and analysis of a weight-specific quality of life questionnaire for overweight and obese children and adolescents (GW-LQ-KJ) N2 - Obesity is associated with psychosocial strain and a lower quality of life. Health-related quality of life is an important indicator for evaluating intervention treatments. However, German disease-specific quality of life instruments are lacking. In this paper the development and psychometric results of a weight-specific quality of life questionnaire for overweight and obese children and adolescents (GQ-LQ-KJ) is described. To determine the psychometric properties of the instrument 448 children and adolescents treated for over-weight or obesity took part in the study. They filled in the quality of life questionnaire, the German version of the STAI for children, a body image avoidance questionnaire (BIAQ) and several subscales of a generic quality of life questionnaire, the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Results support the item and scale properties. Furthermore we were able to form two economic parallel versions suitable for further intervention studies Y1 - 2005 SN - 1431-8172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmeyer, Regina A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - A surprising effect of feedback on learning N2 - As meta-analyses demonstrate feedback effects on performance, our study examined possible mediators. Based on our cognitive-motivational model [Vollmeyer, R., & Rhemberg, F. (1998). Motivationale Einflusse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system]. Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23] we examined how feedback changed (1) strategies, and (2) motivation during learning, and by doing so improved (3) final performance. Students (N = 211) learned how a dynamic system works and how to reach given goal states for the system. One group received feedback (i.e., knowledge of performance) the other one did not. We expected learners to improve after they received the first feedback. However, we found that learners expecting feedback used better strategies right from the start. Thus, they acquired more knowledge over fewer trials. Although we had also expected effects of feedback on motivation during learning, we could not support this hypothesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - The unhappy obese child N2 - OBJECTIVE: One of the most painful aspects of obesity may be the emotional suffering it causes. The paper discusses the psychological and social effects of obesity. METHOD: Current studies examining the psychosocial strains of obese children and adolescents are reported. The report especially focuses on stigmatization, mental health disorders, school performance and health-related quality of life. DISCUSSION: Research is showing that obesity is associated with poorer psychosocial functioning-even compared with other chronic diseases. Future studies should further explicate the risk and protective factors for developing severe psychosocial strain Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Petermann, Franz A1 - Fromme, Carmen T1 - Adipositas : Training mit Kindern und Jugendlichen (mit CD-ROM) Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-621-27489-8 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Blanz, Bernhard A1 - Geisel, B. A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - MEI Manneimer Elterninterview Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8017-1860-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Andrea T1 - EEG Kohärenzanalyse zur Untersuchung eines Automatisierungsdefizits : eine Pilotstudie Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-933699-26-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Sabine T1 - Auditiv-sprachliche Störungen der Informationsverarbeitung bei Lese-/Rechtschreibstörung Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-933699-26-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Eike M. A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Impossible gap paradigm : Experimental evidence for autonomous saccade timing Y1 - 2005 SN - 0301-0066 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Ballaschk, Katja T1 - Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen : Forschungsstand und Perspektiven Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewis, R. L. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - An activation-based model of sentence processing as skilled memory retrieval N2 - We present a detailed process theory of the moment-by-moment working-memory retrievals and associated control structure that subserve sentence comprehension. The theory is derived from the application of independently motivated principles of memory and cognitive skill to the specialized task of sentence parsing. The resulting theory construes sentence processing as a series of skilled associative memory retrievals modulated by similarity-based interference and fluctuating activation. The cognitive principles are formalized in computational form in the Adaptive Control of Thought- Rational (ACT-R) architecture, and our process model is realized in ACT-R. We present the results of 6 sets of simulations: 5 simulation sets provide quantitative accounts of the effects of length and structural interference on both unambiguous and garden-path structures. A final simulation set provides a graded taxonomy of double center embeddings ranging from relatively easy to extremely difficult. The explanation of center-embedding difficulty is a novel one that derives from the model's complete reliance on discriminating retrieval cues in the absence of an explicit representation of serial order information. All fits were obtained with only 1 free scaling parameter fixed across the simulations; all other parameters were ACT-R defaults. The modeling results support the hypothesis that fluctuating activation and similarity-based interference are the key factors shaping working memory in sentence processing. We contrast the theory and empirical predictions with several related accounts of sentence-processing complexity Y1 - 2005 SN - 0364-0213 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Cognitive coping with the threat of rape : Vigilance and cognitive avoidance N2 - Individual differences in women's avoidant and vigilant style in coping with the threat of rape were explored in four studies. In the first study, 97 women read a rape scenario and completed measures of cognitive vigilance and avoidance. They also provided ratings of fear of rape and anticipated coping problems in case of sexual assault. Vigilance was associated with significantly higher levels of fear of rape and anticipation of more severe coping problems. No effects were found for cognitive avoidance. Study 2 replicated these findings with a sample of 275 women. In addition, it showed that high vigilance was associated with significantly more rape-preventive behaviors. Study 3, including 172 women, was an online study on the effect of cognitive coping style on fear of rape, anticipated coping problems, and two behavioral measures of rape avoidance. High vigilance was related to higher levels of fear of rape, anticipation of more severe coping problems, and more rape-preventive behaviors. Finally, Study 4 (N = 2 10) showed that individual differences in cognitive coping style affected rape-related affect and behavior in the absence of a rape scenario, underlining the chronic salience of the threat of rape for women. Vigilance was positively related to fear of rape, rape-avoidance behavior, and anticipated coping problems. In contrast, a negative relationship was found between cognitive avoidance and fear of rape, rape-avoidance strategies, and anticipated coping problems. Across the four studies, no evidence was found for an interactive effect of cognitive avoidance and vigilance, as suggested by the construct of repression versus sensitization. The findings are discussed in the light of previous research on repression- sensitization in coping with threatening information Y1 - 2005 SN - 0022-3506 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Abraham, Charles A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Helbig, M. K. T1 - Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK N2 - The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N = 161), students in the UK (N = 139), and academics in Germany (N = 79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discernibility as foreigner, quality of private contacts with host nationals, and language proficiency were explored as predictors of perceived discrimination. Across the three samples, respondents who were identifiable as foreigners by their appearance reported more discrimination. Positive contacts with host nationals were associated with lower levels of perceived discrimination. Language proficiency predicted perceived antilocution in the two German samples. All samples perceived their personal level of discrimination to be lower than that of their respective in-groups (international students/ academics), but the tendency was moderated by visibility and contact quality Y1 - 2005 SN - 0007-1269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior N2 - Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior were explored in a study involving 256 female motorists. Sex role orientation, dispositional aggressiveness, age, and annual mileage were measured as independent variables, and aggressive driving behavior was included as the dependent variable. Stepwise hierarchical regression analysis showed that age was negatively related to driving aggression, whereas annual mileage had a positive relationship with driving aggression. Dispositional aggressiveness was a significant predictor of driving aggression. Of the two components of sex role orientation, only femininity was associated with driving aggression, with higher femininity scores predicting lower aggressive driving scores. Masculinity failed to predict aggressive driving, as did the interaction of masculinity and femininity. In combination, the predictors explained 29% of the variance in women's aggressive driving. The results are discussed with respect to the role of dispositional variables as predictors of driving aggression in women. Aggr. Behav. 31:537-546, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc Y1 - 2005 SN - 0096-140X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective N2 - This paper reviews the international literature on intimate partner violence with a focus on gender differences in perpetration and victimization rates. A total of 35 studies from 21 countries are discussed that report prevalence or incidence rates of men's and women's involvement in physical and/or sexual aggression against an intimate partner. In addition, evidence on risk factors as well as consequences of intimate partner violence for men and women is presented. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies and the lack of comparable databases within countries are discussed as limitations of the evidence, and perspectives for future research are outlined in the framework of cross-cultural psychology Y1 - 2005 SN - 0360-0025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Berger, Anja T1 - Sex differences in relationship aggression among young adults in Germany N2 - The study examined the prevalence of physical aggression in the relationships of young adults in Germany. A convenience sample of 248 women and 400 men aged between 17 and 29 years provided reports of physical aggression shown toward and experienced by a partner using the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Sex differences were found for several physically aggressive behaviors measured by the CTS2, mostly for minor forms of physical aggression. All sex differences were in the direction of women scoring higher than men on the perpetration of aggressive acts, and men scoring higher than women on being the targets of partner aggression. The findings are discussed in the context of the current debate on sex differences in relationship aggression Y1 - 2005 SN - 0360-0025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mell, Thomas A1 - Heekeren, Hauke R. A1 - Marschner, Alexander A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Villringer, Arno A1 - Reischies, Friedel M. T1 - Effect of aging on stimulus-reward association learning N2 - The flexible learning of stimulus-reward associations when required by situational context is essential for everyday behavior. Older adults experience a progressive decline in several cognitive functions and show deficiencies in neuropsychological tasks requiring flexible adaptation to external feedback, which could be related to impairments in reward association learning. To study the effect of aging on stimulus-reward association learning 20 young and 20 older adults performed a probabilistic object reversal task (pORT) along with a battery of tests assessing executive functions and general intellectual abilities. The pORT requires learning and reversing associations between actions and their outcomes. Older participants collected fewer points, needed more trials to reach the learning criterion, and completed less blocks successfully compared to young adults. This difference remained statistically significant after correcting for the age effect of other tests assessing executive functions. This suggests that there is an age-related difference in reward association learning as measured using the pORT, which is not closely related to other executive functions with respect to the age effect. In human aging, structural alterations of reward detecting structures and functional changes of the dopaminergic as well as the serotonergic system might contribute to the deficit in reward association learning observed in this study. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 SN - 0028-3932 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mériau, Katja A1 - Kazzer, Philipp A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Prehn, Kristin A1 - Lammers, Claas-Hinrich A1 - Villringer, Arno A1 - Heekeren, Hauke T1 - Neural correlates of individual differences in the ability to identify and communicate one's emotional state Y1 - 2005 SN - 0898-929X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Ulrich A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Krampe, Ralf-Thomas T1 - Timing, sequencing and executive control in repetitive movement production N2 - The authors demonstrate that the timing and sequencing of target durations require low-level timing and executive control. Sixteen young (M-age = 19 years) and 16 older (M-age = 70 years) adults participated in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, individual mean-variance functions for low-level timing (isochronous tapping) and the sequencing of multiple targets (rhythm production) revealed (a) a dissociation of low-level timing and sequencing in both age groups, (b) negligible age differences for low-level timing, and (c) large age differences for sequencing. Experiment 2 supported the distinction between low-level timing and executive functions: Selection against a dominant rhythm and switching between rhythms impaired performances in both age groups and induced pronounced perseveration of the dominant pattern in older adults. Y1 - 2005 SN - 0096-1523 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, K. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Lindenberger, Ulman A1 - Mausfeld, Reinhold A1 - Mumendy, A. A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Psychologie im 21. Jahrhundert : eine Ortbestimmung Y1 - 2005 SN - 1618-8519 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolfs, Martin A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Crossmodal coupling of oculomotor control and spatial attention in vision and audition N2 - Fixational eye movements occur involuntarily during visual fixation of stationary scenes. The fastest components of these miniature eye movements are microsaccades, which can be observed about once per second. Recent studies demonstrated that microsaccades are linked to covert shifts of visual attention. Here, we generalized this finding in two ways. First, we used peripheral cues, rather than the centrally presented cues of earlier studies. Second, we spatially cued attention in vision and audition to visual and auditory targets. An analysis of microsaccade responses revealed an equivalent impact of visual and auditory cues on microsaccade-rate signature (i.e. an initial inhibition followed by an overshoot and a final return to the pre-cue baseline rate). With visual cues or visual targets, microsaccades were briefly aligned with cue direction and then opposite to cue direction during the overshoot epoch, probably as a result of an inhibition of an automatic saccade to the peripheral cue. With left auditory cues and auditory targets microsaccades oriented in cue direction. We argue that microsaccades can be used to study crossmodal integration of sensory information and to map the time course of saccade preparation during covert shifts of visual and auditory attention Y1 - 2005 SN - 0014-4819 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Mislocated fixations during reading and the inverted optimal viewing position effect N2 - Refixation probability during reading is lowest near the word center, suggestive of an optimal viewing position (OVP). Counter-intuitively, fixation durations are largest at the OVP, a result called the inverted optimal viewing position (IOVP) effect [Vitu, McConkie, Kerr, & O'Regan, (2001). Vision Research 41, 3513-3533]. Current models of eye-movement control in reading fail to reproduce the IOVP effect. We propose a simple mechanism for generating this effect based on error-correction of mislocated fixations due to saccadic errors, First, we propose an algorithm for estimating proportions of mislocated fixations from experimental data yielding a higher probability for mislocated fixations near word boundaries. Second, we assume that mislocated fixations trigger an immediate start of a new saccade program causing a decrease of associated durations. Thus, the IOVP effect could emerge as a result of a coupling between cognitive and oculomotor processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Richter, Eike M. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - SWIFT : A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading N2 - Mathematical, models,have become an important tool for understanding the control of eye movements during reading. Main goals of the development of the SWIFT model (R. Engbert, A. Longtin, & R. Kliegl, 2002) were to investigate the possibility of spatially distributed processing and to implement a general mechanism for all types of eye movements observed in reading experiments. The authors present an advanced version of SWIFT that integrates properties of the oculomotor system and effects of word recognition to explain many of the experimental phenomena faced in reading research. They propose new procedures for the estimation of model parameters and for the test of the model's performance. They also present a mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the SWIFT model. Finally, within this framework, they present an analysis of the transition from parallel to serial processing Y1 - 2005 SN - 0033-295X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Microsaccade dynamics during covert attention N2 - We compared effects of covert spatial-attention shifts induced with exogenous or endogenous cues on microsaccade rate and direction. Separate and dissociated effects were obtained in rate and direction measures. Display changes caused microsaccade rate inhibition, followed by sustained rate enhancement. Effects on microsaccade direction were differentially tied to cue class (exogenous vs. endogenous) and type (neutral vs. directional). For endogenous cues, direction effects were weak and occurred late. Exogenous cues caused a fast direction bias towards the cue (i.e., early automatic triggering of saccade programs), followed by a shift in the opposite direction (i.e, controlled inhibition of cue-directed saccades, leading to a 'leakage' of microsaccades in the opposite direction). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2005 SN - 0042-6989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Fixation durations before word skipping in reading N2 - We resolve a controversy about reading fixations before word-skipping saccades which were reported as longer or shorter than control fixations in earlier studies. Our statistics are based on resampling of matched sets of fixations before skipped and nonskipped words, drawn from a database of 121,321 single fixations contributed by 230 readers of the Potsdam sentence corpus. Matched fixations originated from single-fixation forward-reading patterns and were equated for their positions within words. Fixations before skipped words were shorter before short or high-frequency words and longer before long or low-frequency words in comparison with control fixations. Reasons for inconsistencies in past research and implications for computational models are discussed Y1 - 2005 SN - 1069-9384 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moshel, Shay A1 - Liang, Jin-Rong A1 - Caspi, Avi A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Havlin, Shlomo A1 - Zivotofsky, Ari Z. T1 - Phase-synchronization decay of fixational eye movements Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Microsaccade rate during (un)ambiguous apparent motion Y1 - 2005 SN - 0301-0066 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Über rezeptive Gedächtnisse Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-3-9522759-5-5 ER -