TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Matthias
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - The visual number world
BT  - a dynamic approach to study the mathematical mind
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - In the domain of language research, the simultaneous presentation of a visual scene and its auditory description (i.e., the visual world paradigm) has been used to reveal the timing of mental mechanisms. Here we apply this rationale to the domain of numerical cognition in order to explore the differences between fast and slow arithmetic performance, and to further study the role of spatial-numerical associations during mental arithmetic. We presented 30 healthy adults simultaneously with visual displays containing four numbers and with auditory addition and subtraction problems. Analysis of eye movements revealed that participants look spontaneously at the numbers they currently process (operands, solution). Faster performance was characterized by shorter latencies prior to fixating the relevant numbers and fewer revisits to the first operand while computing the solution. These signatures of superior task performance were more pronounced for addition and visual numbers arranged in ascending order, and for subtraction and numbers arranged in descending order (compared to the opposite pairings). Our results show that the visual number world-paradigm provides on-line access to the mind during mental arithmetic, is able to capture variability in arithmetic performance, and is sensitive to visual layout manipulations that are otherwise not reflected in response time measurements.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Mental arithmetic
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Visual world paradigm
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1240812
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 28
EP  - 36
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hyona, Jukka
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Vainio, Seppo
T1  - Morphological structure influences the initial landing position in words during reading Finnish
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - The preferred viewing location in words [Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21–30] during reading is near the word centre. Parafoveal word length information is utilized to guide the eyes toward it. A recent study by Yan and colleagues [Yan, M., Zhou, W., Shu, H., Yusupu, R., Miao, D., Krügel, A., & Kliegl, R. (2014). Eye movements guided by morphological structure: Evidence from the Uighur language. Cognition, 132, 181–215] demonstrated that the word’s morphological structure may also be used in saccadic targeting. The study was conducted in a morphologically rich language, Uighur. The present study aimed at replicating their main findings in another morphologically rich language, Finnish. Similarly to Yan et al., it was found that the initial fixation landed closer to the word beginning for morphologically complex than for monomorphemic words. Word frequency, saccade launch site, and word length were also found to influence the initial landing position. It is concluded that in addition to low-level factors (word length and saccade launch site), also higher level factors related to the word’s morphological structure and frequency may be utilized in saccade programming during reading.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Morphological structure
KW  - Reading
KW  - Saccades
KW  - Word frequency
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1267233
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 122
EP  - 130
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  -