TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Linke, Felix ED - Bender, Benedict T1 - Platform coring in the browser domain BT - an exploratory study T2 - Platform coring on digital software platforms N2 - Modern browsers are digital software platforms, as they allow third parties to extend functionality by providing extensions. In a highly competitive environment, differentiation through provided functionality is a key factor for browser platforms. As the development of browsers progress, new functions are constantly being released. Browsers could thus enter complementary markets by adding functionality previously provided by third-party extensions, which is referred to as ‘platform coring’. Previous studies have missed the perspective of the parties involved. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with third-party and core developers in the security and privacy domain from Firefox and Chrome. This study provides three contributions. First, insights into stakeholder-specific issues concerning coring. Second, measures to prevent coring. Third, strategical guidance for developers and owners. Third-party vendors experienced and core developers confirmed that coring occurs on browser platforms. While developers with extrinsic motivations assess coring negatively, developers with intrinsic motivations perceive coring positively. KW - platform coring KW - browser platforms KW - platform innovation KW - Firefox KW - Chrome Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-34798-7 SN - 978-3-658-34799-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_6 SP - 119 EP - 148 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Kluge, Annette ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Modeling change in business processes T2 - Business modeling and software design N2 - Business processes are regularly modified either to capture requirements from the organization’s environment or due to internal optimization and restructuring. Implementing the changes into the individual work routines is aided by change management tools. These tools aim at the acceptance of the process by and empowerment of the process executor. They cover a wide range of general factors and seldom accurately address the changes in task execution and sequence. Furthermore, change is only framed as a learning activity, while most obstacles to change arise from the inability to unlearn or forget behavioural patterns one is acquainted with. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and demonstrate a notation to capture changes in business processes and identify elements that are likely to present obstacles during change. It connects existing research from changes in work routines and psychological insights from unlearning and intentional forgetting to the BPM domain. The results contribute to more transparency in business process models regarding knowledge changes. They provide better means to understand the dynamics and barriers of change processes. KW - intentional forgetting KW - routines KW - business processes KW - unlearning Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-36756-4 SN - 978-3-031-36757-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36757-1_1 SP - 3 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Bender, Benedict ED - Marrella, Andrea ED - Weber, Barbara T1 - Expanding modeling notations BT - requirements for creative process modeling T2 - Business process management workshops N2 - Creativity is a common aspect of business processes and thus needs a proper representation through process modeling notations. However, creative processes constitute highly flexible process elements, as new and unforeseeable outcome is developed. This presents a challenge for modeling languages. Current methods representing creative-intensive work are rather less able to capture creative specifics which are relevant to successfully run and manage these processes. We outline the concept of creative-intensive processes and present an example from a game design process in order to derive critical process aspects relevant for its modeling. Six aspects are detected, with first and foremost: process flexibility, as well as temporal uncertainty, experience, types of creative problems, phases of the creative process and individual criteria. By first analyzing what aspects of creative work modeling notations already cover, we further discuss which modeling extensions need to be developed to better represent creativity within business processes. We argue that a proper representation of creative work would not just improve the management of those processes, but can further enable process actors to more efficiently run these creative processes and adjust them to better fit to the creative needs. KW - modeling KW - requirements KW - pockets of creativity KW - creative process Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-94342-4 SN - 978-3-030-94344-8 SN - 978-3-030-94343-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94343-1_15 VL - 436 SP - 197 EP - 208 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Thim, Christof ED - Bender, Benedict T1 - Entering complementary markets on software platforms BT - the third-party perspective T2 - Platform coring on digital software platforms N2 - Software platforms regularly introduce new features to remain competitive. While platform innovation is considered to be a critical success factor, adding certain features could hurt the ecosystem. If platform owners provide functionality that was previously provided by a contributor, the owners enter complementary product spaces. Complementary market entry frequently occurs on software platforms and is a major concern for third-party developers. Divergent findings on the impact of complementary market entry call for the consideration of additional factors. As prior research neglected the third-party perspective, this contribution aims to address this gap. We explore the use of measures to prevent complementary market entry using a survey approach on browser platforms. The research model is tested with 655 responses among developer from Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. To explain countermeasures employment, developer’s attitude and perceived likelihood are important. The results reveal that developers employ countermeasures if complementary market entry is assessed negatively and perceived as likely for their extension. Differences among browser platforms concerning complementary market entry are identified. Product spaces of extensions being available on multiple platforms are less likely to be entered and more heavily protected. Implications for research and stakeholders, i.e. platform owners and contributors are discussed. KW - complementary market entry KW - third-party developer KW - digital platforms KW - software platforms KW - browser platforms KW - platform innovation Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-34798-7 SN - 978-3-658-34799-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_7 SP - 149 EP - 199 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Andersen, Ann-Louise ED - Andersen, Rasmus ED - Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev ED - Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning ED - Nielsen, Kjeld ED - Napoleone, Alessia ED - Kjeldgaard, Stefan T1 - Aiming for knowledge-transfer-optimizing intelligent cyber-physical systems T2 - Towards sustainable customization : cridging smart products and manufacturing systems N2 - Since more and more production tasks are enabled by Industry 4.0 techniques, the number of knowledge-intensive production tasks increases as trivial tasks can be automated and only non-trivial tasks demand human-machine interactions. With this, challenges regarding the competence of production workers, the complexity of tasks and stickiness of required knowledge occur [1]. Furthermore, workers experience time pressure which can lead to a decrease in output quality. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have the potential to assist workers in knowledge-intensive work grounded on quantitative insights about knowledge transfer activities [2]. By providing contextual and situational awareness as well as complex classification and selection algorithms, CPS are able to ease knowledge transfer in a way that production time and quality is improved significantly. CPS have only been used for direct production and process optimization, knowledge transfers have only been regarded in assistance systems with little contextual awareness. Embedding production and knowledge transfer optimization thus show potential for further improvements. This contribution outlines the requirements and a framework to design these systems. It accounts for the relevant factors. KW - smart automation KW - smart production KW - human-machine-interaction Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-90699-3 SN - 978-3-030-90700-6 SN - 978-3-030-90702-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_16 SP - 149 EP - 157 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Kluge, Annette A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Andersen, Ann-Louise ED - Andersen, Rasmus ED - Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev ED - Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning ED - Nielsen, Kjeld ED - Napoleone, Alessia ED - Kjeldgaard, Stefan T1 - A concept for a distributed Interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS T2 - Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems N2 - As AI technology is increasingly used in production systems, different approaches have emerged from highly decentralized small-scale AI at the edge level to centralized, cloud-based services used for higher-order optimizations. Each direction has disadvantages ranging from the lack of computational power at the edge level to the reliance on stable network connections with the centralized approach. Thus, a hybrid approach with centralized and decentralized components that possess specific abilities and interact is preferred. However, the distribution of AI capabilities leads to problems in self-adapting learning systems, as knowledgebases can diverge when no central coordination is present. Edge components will specialize in distinctive patterns (overlearn), which hampers their adaptability for different cases. Therefore, this paper aims to present a concept for a distributed interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS. The approach is based on various AI components and concepts for each participating node. A service-oriented infrastructure allows a decentralized, loosely coupled architecture of the CPPS. By exchanging knowledge bases between nodes, the overall system should become more adaptive, as each node can “forget” their present specialization. KW - learning KW - distributed knowledge base KW - artificial intelligence KW - CPPS Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-90699-3 SN - 978-3-030-90702-0 SN - 978-3-030-90700-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_35 SP - 314 EP - 321 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER -