TY - JOUR A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - Justice Sensitivity in Childhood and Adolescence JF - Social development N2 - Individuals differ in their sensitivity toward injustice. Justice-sensitive persons perceive injustice more frequently and show stronger responses to it. Justice sensitivity has been studied predominantly in adults; little is known about its development in childhood and adolescence and its connection to prosocial behavior and emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluates a version of the justice sensitivity inventory for children and adolescents (JSI-CA5) in 1472 9- to 17-year olds. Items and scales showed good psychometric properties and correlations with prosocial behavior and conduct problems similar to findings in adults, supporting the reliability and validity of the scale. We found individual differences in justice sensitivity as a function of age and gender. Furthermore, justice sensitivity predicted emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents over a 1- to 2-year period. Justice sensitivity perspectives can therefore be considered as risk and/or protective factors for mental health in childhood and adolescence. KW - justice sensitivity KW - development KW - conduct problems KW - prosocial behavior Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12098 SN - 0961-205X SN - 1467-9507 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 420 EP - 441 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Holl, Anna Katharina T1 - Deficits in theory of mind and executive function as risk factors for conduct problems from middle childhood to early adolescence – a longitudinal perspective T1 - Defizite in Theory of Mind und exekutiven Funktionen als Risikofaktoren für Verhaltensprobleme von der mittleren Kindheit bis zur frühen Adoleszenz - eine längsschnittliche Perspektive N2 - In this thesis, deficits in theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) were examined in tandem and separately as risk factors for conduct problems, including different forms and functions of aggressive behavior. All three reported studies and the additional analyses were based on a large community sample of N = 1,657 children, including three waves of a longitudinal study covering middle childhood and the transition to early adolescence (range 6 to 13 years) over a total of about three years. All data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Altogether, the results of all the conducted studies in this thesis extend previous research and confirm the propositions of the SIP model (Crick & Dodge, 1994) and of the amygdala theory of violent behavior (e.g., Blair et al., 2014) besides other accounts. Considering the three main research questions, the results of the thesis suggest first that deficits in ToM are a risk factor for relational and physical aggression from a mean age of 8 to 11 years under the control of stable between-person differences in aggression. In addition, earlier relationally aggressive behavior predicts later deficits in ToM in this age range, which confirms transactional relations between deficits in ToM and aggressive behavior in children (Crick & Dodge, 1994). Further, deficits in ToM seem to be a risk factor for parent-rated conduct problems cross-sectionally in an age range from 9 to 13 years. Second, deficits in cool EF are a risk factor for later physical, relational, and reactive aggression but not for proactive aggression over a course of three years from middle childhood to early adolescence. Habitual anger seems to mediate the relation between cool EF and physical, and as a trend also relational, aggression. Deficits in emotional and inhibitory control and planning have a direct effect on the individual level of conduct problems under the control of interindividual differences in conduct problems at a mean age of 8 years, but not on the trajectory of conduct problems over the course from age 8 to 11. Third, when deficits in cool EF and ToM are studied in tandem cross-sectionally at the transition from middle childhood to early adolescence, deficits in cool EF seem to play only an indirect role through deficits in ToM as a risk factor for conduct problems. Finally, all results hold equal for females and males in the conducted studies. The results of this thesis emphasize the need to intervene in the transactional processes between deficits in ToM and in EF and conduct problems, including different forms and functions of aggression, particularly in the socially sensible period from middle and late childhood to early adolescence. N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurden Defizite in Theory of Mind (ToM) und Exekutiven Funktionen (EF) als Risikofaktoren für Verhaltensprobleme, einschließlich verschiedener Formen und Funktionen aggressiven Verhaltens, gemeinsam und getrennt untersucht. Als theoretischer Hintergrund diente neben anderen Theorien die SIP-Theorie von Crick und Dodge (1994). Alle drei berichteten Studien und die zusätzlichen Analysen basierten auf einer großen Bevölkerungsstichprobe von N = 1.657 Kindern, und schlossen drei Wellen einer Längsschnittstudie ein, die einen Zeitraum von insgesamt etwa drei Jahren von der mittleren Kindheit bis zum Übergang zur frühen Adoleszenz (6 bis 13 Jahre) abdeckte. Alle Daten wurden mit Strukturgleichungsmodellen analysiert. Zusammenfassend bestätigen und erweitern die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Studien bisherige Forschung und bestätigen die Annahmen des SIP-Modells (Crick & Dodge, 1994) und der Amygdala-Theorie gewaltsamen Verhaltens (z.B., Blair et al., 2014), neben anderen Theorien. In Bezug auf die drei hauptsächlichen Forschungsfragen deuten die Ergebnisse der Studien erstens darauf hin, dass Defizite in ToM Risikofaktoren für relationale und physische Aggression von einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 8 bis 11 Jahren sind unter der Kontrolle von stabilen interindividuellen Unterschieden in Aggression. Darüber hinaus sagt früheres relational aggressives Verhalten spätere Defizite in ToM in diesem Altersbereich voraus, was die transaktionalen Beziehungen zwischen Defiziten in ToM und aggressivem Verhalten bei Kindern bestätigt (Crick & Dodge, 1994). Weiterhin zeigen sich Defizite in ToM als Risikofaktor für durch die Eltern eingeschätzte Verhaltensprobleme in einem Altersbereich von 9 bis 13 Jahren im Querschnitt. Zweitens sind Defizite in kalten EF ein Risikofaktor für spätere physische, relationale und reaktive Aggression, nicht aber für proaktive Aggression, über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren von der mittleren Kindheit bis zur frühen Adoleszenz. Habitueller Ärger scheint die Beziehung zwischen kalten EF und phyischer, und als Trend auch relationaler Aggression zu vermitteln. Defizite in der emotionalen und inhibitorischen Kontrolle und Planung wirken sich unter der Kontrolle interindividueller Unterschiede in Verhaltensproblemen im durchschnittlichen Alter von 8 Jahren direkt auf die individuelle Höhe der Verhaltensprobleme aus, nicht aber auf den Verlauf der Verhaltensprobleme im Zeitraum von 8 bis 11 Jahren. Drittens, wenn Defizite in kalten EF und ToM am Übergang von der mittleren Kindheit zur frühen Adoleszenz gemeinsam im Querschnitt untersucht werden, scheinen Defizite in kalten EF nur eine indirekte Rolle vermittelt durch Defizite in ToM als Risikofaktor für Verhaltensprobleme zu spielen. Schließlich gelten alle Ergebnisse in den durchgeführten Studien für Mädchen und Jungen gleichermaßen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit betonen die Notwendigkeit, in die transaktionalen Prozesse zwischen Defiziten in ToM und EF und Verhaltensproblemen einzugreifen, einschließlich verschiedener Formen und Funktionen von Aggression, v.a. in der sozial sensiblen Altersspanne von der mittleren und späten Kindheit bis zur frühen Adoleszenz. KW - Theory of Mind KW - executive function KW - conduct problems KW - middle childhood KW - early adolescence KW - Theory of Mind KW - exekutive Funktionen KW - Verhaltensprobleme KW - mittlere Kindheit KW - frühe Adoleszenz Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459915 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kulawiak, Pawel R. A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz T1 - Prediction of child and adolescent outcomes with broadband and narrowband dimensions of internalizing and externalizing behavior using the child and adolescent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a frequently used screening instrument for behavioral problems in children and adolescents. There is an ongoing controversy—not only in educational research—regarding the factor structure of the SDQ. Research results speak for a 3-factor as well as a 5-factor structure. The narrowband scales (5-factor structure) can be combined into broadband scales (3-factor structure). The question remains: Which factors (narrowband vs. broadband) are better predictors? With the prediction of child and adolescent outcomes (academic grades, well-being, and self-belief), we evaluated whether the broadband scales of internalizing and externalizing behavior (3-factor structure) or narrowband scales of behavior (5-factor structure) are better suited for predictive purposes in a cross-sectional study setting. The sample includes students in grades 5 to 9 (N = 4642) from the representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study). The results of model comparisons (broadband scale vs. narrowband scales) did not support the superiority of the broadband scales with regard to the prediction of child and adolescent outcomes. There is no benefit from subsuming narrowband scales (5-factor structure) into broadband scales (3-factor structure). The application of narrowband scales, providing a more differentiated picture of students’ academic and social situation, was more appropriate for predictive purposes. For the purpose of identifying students at risk of struggling in educational contexts, using the set of narrowband dimensions of behavior seems to be more suitable. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 669 KW - psychometric properties KW - developmental trajectories KW - emotional difficulties KW - academic-achievement KW - conduct problems KW - parent KW - sdq KW - hyperactivity KW - comorbidity KW - validation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485156 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 669 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulawiak, Pawel R. A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz T1 - Prediction of child and adolescent outcomes with broadband and narrowband dimensions of internalizing and externalizing behavior using the child and adolescent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a frequently used screening instrument for behavioral problems in children and adolescents. There is an ongoing controversy—not only in educational research—regarding the factor structure of the SDQ. Research results speak for a 3-factor as well as a 5-factor structure. The narrowband scales (5-factor structure) can be combined into broadband scales (3-factor structure). The question remains: Which factors (narrowband vs. broadband) are better predictors? With the prediction of child and adolescent outcomes (academic grades, well-being, and self-belief), we evaluated whether the broadband scales of internalizing and externalizing behavior (3-factor structure) or narrowband scales of behavior (5-factor structure) are better suited for predictive purposes in a cross-sectional study setting. The sample includes students in grades 5 to 9 (N = 4642) from the representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study). The results of model comparisons (broadband scale vs. narrowband scales) did not support the superiority of the broadband scales with regard to the prediction of child and adolescent outcomes. There is no benefit from subsuming narrowband scales (5-factor structure) into broadband scales (3-factor structure). The application of narrowband scales, providing a more differentiated picture of students’ academic and social situation, was more appropriate for predictive purposes. For the purpose of identifying students at risk of struggling in educational contexts, using the set of narrowband dimensions of behavior seems to be more suitable. KW - psychometric properties KW - developmental trajectories KW - emotional difficulties KW - academic-achievement KW - conduct problems KW - parent KW - sdq KW - hyperactivity KW - comorbidity KW - validation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240312 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 10 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California ER -