TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ghahghaei, Saeideh
A1  - Linnell, Karina J.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Dubey, Amit
A1  - Davis, Robert
T1  - Effects of load on the time course of attentional engagement, disengagement, and orienting in reading
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - We examined how the frequency of the fixated word influences the spatiotemporal distribution of covert attention during reading. Participants discriminated gaze-contingent probes that occurred with different spatial and temporal offsets from randomly chosen fixation points during reading. We found that attention was initially focused at fixation and that subsequent defocusing was slower when the fixated word was lower in frequency. Later in a fixation, attention oriented more towards the next saccadic target for high- than for low-frequency words. These results constitute the first report of the time course of the effect of load on attentional engagement and orienting in reading. They are discussed in the context of serial and parallel models of reading.
KW  - Attention
KW  - Load
KW  - Reading
KW  - Time course
KW  - Word frequency
KW  - Engagement
KW  - Disengagement
KW  - Orienting
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.635795
SN  - 1747-0218
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
SP  - 453
EP  - 470
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaduk, Katharina
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
A1  - Reid, Vincent M.
T1  - Discrimination of animate and inanimate motion in 9-month-old infants -  An ERP study
JF  - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience
N2  - Simple geometric shapes moving in a self-propelled manner, and violating Newtonian laws of motion by acting against gravitational forces tend to induce a judgement that an object is animate. Objects that change their motion only due to external causes are more likely judged as inanimate. How the developing brain is employed in the perception of animacy in early ontogeny is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to use ERP techniques to determine if the negative central component (Nc), a waveform related to attention allocation, was differentially affected when an infant observed animate or inanimate motion. Short animated movies comprising a marble moving along a marble run either in an animate or an inanimate manner were presented to 15 infants who were 9 months of age. The ERPs were time-locked to a still frame representing animate or inanimate motion that was displayed following each movie. We found that 9-month-olds are able to discriminate between animate and inanimate motion based on motion cues alone and most likely allocate more attentional resources to the inanimate motion. The present data contribute to our understanding of the animate-inanimate distinction and the Nc as a correlate of infant cognitive processing.
KW  - Infant
KW  - EEG/ERP
KW  - Nc
KW  - Attention
KW  - Animacy
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.05.003
SN  - 1878-9293
SN  - 1878-9307
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -