TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon ED - Schöppner, Ralf T1 - "Am Anfang stand die Überwältigung" BT - zur Geschichtspolitik der AfD T2 - Erasmus von Rotterdam Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86569-212-2 SP - 19 EP - 36 PB - Alibri Verlag CY - Aschaffenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Klaus-Dieter T1 - "Balancirkunst" oder "das Revolutionäre" und "das Elementare" BT - Theodor Fontanes Rezension über Gerhart Haupmanns Stück "Die Weber" JF - Theodor Fontane, Gerhart Hauptmann und die vergessene Moderne Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-947215-79-9 SP - 79 EP - 104 PB - Quintus CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göse, Frank ED - Stefan, Seitschek T1 - "Es wird die Freundschaft hoffentlich nicht in bloßen Complimenten bestehen ..." BT - Die Höfe Kaiser Karls VI. und Friedrich Wilhelms I. in ihrer gegenseitigen Wahrnehmung JF - Herrschaft und Repräsentation in der Habsburgermonarchie (1700-1740) - Die kaiserliche Familie, die habsburgischen Länder und das Reich Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-11-066673-1 SN - 978-3-11-066715-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670561 SP - 87 EP - 113 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin/ Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göse, Frank T1 - "Es wird Mir nicht an mitteln mangeln, Meinen Väterlichen respect und autorität zu mainteniren". Der Streit zwischen dem "Großen Kurfürsten" und Kurprinz Friedrich JF - Machtmensch - Familienmensch. Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1620-1688) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-402-13419-1 SP - 159 EP - 169 PB - Aschendorff CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamez-Guadix, Manuel A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Wright, Michelle F. T1 - "Haters back off!" psychometric properties of the coping with cyberhate questionnaire and relationship with well-being in Spanish adolescents JF - Psicothema N2 - Background: Cyberhate is a growing form of online aggression against a person or a group based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or disability. The present study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire, the prevalence of coping strategies in Spanish adolescents, differences in coping strategies based in sex, age, and victim status, and the association between coping with cyberhate and adolescents' mental well-being. Method: The sample consisted of 1,005 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (Mage = 14.28 years, SD = 1.63; 51.9% girls) who completed self-report measures on coping strategies, victimization status, and mental well-being. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure for the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire composed of six factors, namely Distal advice, Assertiveness, Helplessness/Selfblame, Close support, Technical coping, and Retaliation. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The three most frequently endorsed coping strategies were Technical coping, Close support, and Assertiveness. In addition, lower Helplessness/Self-blame, and higher Close-support, Assertiveness, and Distal advice were significantly related to adolescents' better mental well-being. Conclusion: Prevention programs that educate adolescents about how to deal with cyberhate are needed. KW - cybervictimization KW - hate speech KW - well-being Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.219 SN - 0214-9915 SN - 1886-144X VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 567 EP - 574 PB - Colegio oficial de psicologos de asturias CY - Oviedo ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon ED - von Appen, Ralf ED - Hindrichs, Thorsten T1 - "Wann I’ denk wie’s früher war." BT - Nationalismus in der "postnationalen Konstellation" T2 - One nation under a groove - »Nation« als Kategorie populärer Musik N2 - The successful Austrian pop-musician Andreas Gabalier has devoted several of his songs to his Styrian homeland. Gabalier's work and performance has often been per-ceived as nationalist. When analyzing some of his lyrics, an astonishing observation can be made: Most references to the »homeland« are backward-looking. This article argues that the remarkable lack of a national »future« in Gabalier's work is charac-teristic for contemporary nationalist manifestations, not only in popular culture, but also in ideologies and politics. The article introduces a new typology of nationalist movements. With regard to the character of the related nation-state, three types are discussed: »constructive nationalism« whereby the nationalist movement strives for a future sovereign nation state; »maintaining nationalism« wherein a nation state already exists; and »reconstructive nationalism« where nationalists believe that the nation state has lost its independence, sovereignty, and freedom in the course of globalization and hope for a reconstruction. However, these types are defined here as »ideal types« in a Weberian sense and will hardly be found in their »pure« forms in history or social reality. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783837655810 SN - 9783839455814 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839455814 SP - 15 EP - 29 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - GEN A1 - Egbert, Björn A1 - Hammer, Carolin A1 - Hansen, Barbara A1 - Hassan-Yavuz, Safyah A1 - Hinz, Carsten A1 - Huhn, Nicola A1 - Kost, André A1 - Löffler, Robert A1 - Schulz, Oliver A1 - Simon, Veronika A1 - Tuncel, Teresa T1 - #Politik Wirtschaft NRW click teach 5/6 Box BT - digitales Lehrermaterial (Karte mit Freischaltcode) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-661-70076-2 PB - C.C. Buchner CY - Bamberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Benecke, Karin A1 - Deeken, Johannes A1 - Hammer, Carolin A1 - Hinz, Carsten A1 - Löffler, Robert A1 - Penning, Isabelle A1 - Richter, Christin A1 - Schäfer, David A1 - Scherer, Hubertus ED - Kirchner, Vera T1 - #Wirtschaft – Niedersachsen BT - Wirtschaft für die Haupt-, Real-, Ober- und Gesamtschule : Gesamtband für die Jahrgangsstufen 7–10 Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-661-82241-9 PB - Buchner CY - Bamberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Egbert, Björn A1 - Hammer, Carolin A1 - Hassan-Yavuz, Safyah A1 - Hinz, Carsten A1 - Löffler, Robert ED - Kirchner, Vera T1 - #Wirtschaft – Nordrhein-Westfalen BT - Wirtschaft für die Realschule, Gesamtschule und Sekundarschule : Differenzierungsheft ; Materialien für einen differenzierenden und sprachsensiblen Unterricht T2 - #Wirtschaft – Nordrhein-Westfalen Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-661-82248-8 IS - 5/6, Differenzierungsheft PB - Buchner CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Steinau-Steinrück, Robert A1 - Beismann, Lukas T1 - (Corona-)Homeoffice und betriebliche Übung JF - NJW spezial N2 - Homeoffice und mobiles Arbeiten haben sich infolge der Covid-19-Pandemie bei vielen Unternehmen bekanntlich etabliert. Die Anweisung bzw. „Duldung“ des Homeoffice beruhte allerdings meist mehr auf tatsächlicher als auf rechtlicher Grundlage. Letztere könnte aber aus betrieblicher Übung erwachsen. Dieser Beitrag geht dem rechtlichen Rahmen dafür nach. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NJW-SPEZIAL-B-2020-S-626-N-1 SN - 1613-4621 VL - 17 IS - 20 SP - 626 EP - 627 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte A1 - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P. A1 - Tönnis, Swantje A1 - Onea, Edgar T1 - (Non-)exhaustivity in focus partitioning across languages JF - Approaches to Hungarian N2 - We present novel experimental evidence on the availability and the status of exhaustivity inferences with focus partitioning in German, English, and Hungarian. Results suggest that German and English focus-background clefts and Hungarian focus share important properties, (É. Kiss 1998, 1999; Szabolcsi 1994; Percus 1997; Onea & Beaver 2009). Those constructions are anaphoric devices triggering an existence presupposition. EXH-inferences are not obligatory in such constructions in English, German, or Hungarian, against some previous literature (Percus 1997; Büring & Križ 2013; É. Kiss 1998), but in line with pragmatic analyses of EXH-inferences in clefts (Horn 1981, 2016; Pollard & Yasavul 2016). The cross-linguistic differences in the distribution of EXH-inferences are attributed to properties of the Hungarian number marking system. KW - clefts KW - definite pseudoclefts KW - Hungarian focus KW - exhaustivity KW - experimental evidence KW - semantics-pragmatics interface Y1 - 2020 VL - 16 PB - John Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarze, Thomas A1 - Sprenger, Tobias A1 - Riemer, Janine T1 - 1,2,3-Triazol-1,4-diyl-Fluoroionophores for Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements in Water JF - ChemistrySelect N2 - Herein, we represent cation-responsive fluorescent probes for the divalent cations Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, which show cation-induced fluorescence enhancements (FE) in water. The Zn2+-responsive probes Zn1, Zn2, Zn3 and Zn4 are based on o-aminoanisole-N,N-diacetic acid (AADA) derivatives and show in the presence of Zn2+ FE factors of 11.4, 13.9, 6.1 and 8.2, respectively. Most of all, Zn1 and Zn2 show higher Zn2+ induced FE than the regioisomeric triazole linked fluorescent probes Zn3 and Zn4, respectively. In this set, ZN2 is the most suitable probe to detect extracellular Zn2+ levels. For the Mg2+-responsive fluorescent probes Mg1, Mg2 and Mg3 based on o-aminophenol-N,N,O-triacetic acid (APTRA) derivatives, we also found that the regioisomeric linkage influences the fluorescence responds towards Mg2+ (Mg1+100 mM Mg2+ (FEF=13.2) and Mg3+100 mM Mg2+ (FEF=2.1)). Mg2 shows the highest Mg2+-induced FE by a factor of 25.7 and an appropriate K-d value of 3 mM to measure intracellular Mg2+ levels. Further, the Ca2+-responsive fluorescent probes Ca1 and Ca2 equipped with a 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) derivative show high Ca2+-induced FEs (Ca1 (FEF=22.1) and Ca2 (FEF=23.0)). Herein, only Ca1 (K-d=313 nM) is a suitable Ca2+ fluorescent indicator to determine intracellular Ca2+ levels. KW - calcium KW - fluorescence KW - magnesium KW - probes KW - zinc Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003695 SN - 2365-6549 VL - 5 IS - 41 SP - 12727 EP - 12735 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - 1960er: Aufwind für die Politische Bildung BT - zwischen Affirmation und Kritik JF - Geschichte der politischen Bildung N2 - Zur Jahreswende 1959/60 sorgten Hakenkreuzschmierereien an jüdischen Einrichtungen in Köln und anderswo für Entsetzen und Empörung. Diese Vorkommnisse machten bewusst, was im Verlauf der 1960er Jahre zu einem Politikum für die jüngere Generation werden sollte: Die mangelnde Aufarbeitung der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit. Diese Thematik sowie der von den USA in Vietnam geführte Krieg stellten mobilisierende Faktoren für die Herausbildung einer außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO) in der Bundesrepublik dar, die sich in der zweiten Hälfte der 1960er Jahre verbreitert. Prof. Ingo Juchler beschreibt den Weg der Politischen Bildung durch die 60er Jahre und die Entwicklung hin zur sog. „didaktischen Wende“. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://profession-politischebildung.de/grundlagen/geschichte/affirmation-kritik/ PB - Bundesausschuss Politische Bildung (bap) e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Patricia S. C. A1 - Bett, Alexander J. A1 - Bivour, Martin A1 - Caprioglio, Pietro A1 - Gerspacher, Fabian M. A1 - Kabaklı, Özde Ş. A1 - Richter, Armin A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Zhang, Qinxin A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Hermle, Martin A1 - Hillebrecht, Harald A1 - Glunz, Stefan W. A1 - Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph T1 - 25.1% high-efficiency monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with a high bandgap perovskite absorber JF - Solar RRL N2 - Monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells can overcome the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. This requires an optimum bandgap, high quantum efficiency, and high stability of the perovskite. Herein, a silicon heterojunction bottom cell is combined with a perovskite top cell, with an optimum bandgap of 1.68 eV in planar p-i-n tandem configuration. A methylammonium-free FA(0.75)Cs(0.25)Pb(I0.8Br0.2)(3) perovskite with high Cs content is investigated for improved stability. A 10% molarity increase to 1.1 m of the perovskite precursor solution results in approximate to 75 nm thicker absorber layers and 0.7 mA cm(-2) higher short-circuit current density. With the optimized absorber, tandem devices reach a high fill factor of 80% and up to 25.1% certified efficiency. The unencapsulated tandem device shows an efficiency improvement of 2.3% (absolute) over 5 months, showing the robustness of the absorber against degradation. Moreover, a photoluminescence quantum yield analysis reveals that with adapted charge transport materials and surface passivation, along with improved antireflection measures, the high bandgap perovskite absorber has the potential for 30% tandem efficiency in the near future. KW - heterojunction silicon solar cells KW - interfaces KW - perovskite solar cells KW - tandem solar cells KW - thin films Y1 - 2020 VL - 4 IS - 7 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR ED - Haßler, Gerda T1 - 27. Collocations et traditions discursives (Actes du Colloque du Collège Doctoral Franco-allemand (CDFA) tenu à l’Université de Potsdam le 4 juillet 2018) JF - LINX, Revue des linguistes de l’Université Paris Nanterre Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/linx.3837 VL - 2020 IS - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koyan, Philipp A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - 3D modeling of ground-penetrating radar data across a realistic sedimentary model JF - Computers & geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology N2 - Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an established geophysical tool to explore a wide range of near-surface environments. Today, the use of synthetic GPR data is largely limited to 2D because 3D modeling is computationally more expensive. In fact, only recent developments of modeling tools and powerful hardware allow for a time-efficient computation of extensive 3D data sets. Thus, 3D subsurface models and resulting GPR data sets, which are of great interest to develop and evaluate novel approaches in data analysis and interpretation, have not been made publicly available up to now.
We use a published hydrofacies data set of an aquifer-analog study within fluvio-glacial deposits to infer a realistic 3D porosity model showing heterogeneities at multiple spatial scales. Assuming fresh-water saturated sediments, we generate synthetic 3D GPR data across this model using novel GPU-acceleration included in the open-source software gprMax. We present a numerical approach to examine 3D wave-propagation effects in modeled GPR data. Using the results of this examination study, we conduct a spatial model decomposition to enable a computationally efficient 3D simulation of a typical GPR reflection data set across the entire model surface. We process the resulting GPR data set using a standard 3D structural imaging sequence and compare the results to selected input data to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the presented modeling studies. We conclude on conceivable applications of our 3D GPR reflection data set and the underlying porosity model, which are both publicly available and, thus, can support future methodological developments in GPR and other near-surface geophysical techniques. KW - Applied geophysics KW - Ground-penetrating radar KW - 3D modeling Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104422 SN - 0098-3004 SN - 1873-7803 VL - 137 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krmíček, Lukáš A1 - Timmerman, Martin Jan A1 - Ziemann, Martin Andreas A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Ulrych, Jaromir T1 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating dating of phlogopite and kaersutite megacrysts from the Železná hůrka (Eisenbühl) Pleistocene scoria cone, Czech Republic JF - Geologica Carpathica N2 - (40)A/Ar-39 step-heating of mica and amphibole megacrysts from hauyne-bearing olivine melilitite scoria/tephra from the Zelezna hurka yielded a 435 +/- 108 ka isotope correlation age for phlogopite and a more imprecise 1.55 Ma total gas age of the kaersutite megacryst. The amphibole megacrysts may constitute the first, and the younger phlogopite megacrysts the later phase of mafic, hydrous melilitic magma crystallization. It cannot be ruled out that the amphibole megacrysts are petrogenetically unrelated to tephra and phlogopite megacrysts and were derived from mantle xenoliths or disaggregated older, deep crustal pegmatites. This is in line both with the rarity of amphibole at Zelezna hurka and with the observed signs of magmatic resorption at the edges of amphibole crystals. KW - Bohemian Massif KW - Zelezna hurka KW - Eisenbuhl KW - argon dating KW - mica KW - amphibole KW - melilitite Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31577/GeolCarp.71.4.6 SN - 1335-0552 SN - 1336-8052 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 382 EP - 387 PB - Veda CY - Bratislava ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Brehmer, Ludwig T1 - 70-jähriges-Jubiläum der Gründung der Hochschul-Biologie und des Botanischen Gartens der Pädagogischen Hochschule Potsdam BT - eine administrative und wissenschafts-politische Retrospektive und Würdigung der Gründer T3 - Die Hochschulstadt in Sanssouci ; Band 8 Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-9821787-3-8 PB - Eigenverlag des Verfassers Brehmer CY - Schwielowsee ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultze, Christiane A1 - Foß, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - 8-Prenylflavanones through microwave promoted tandem claisen rearrangement/6-endo-trig cyclization and cross metathesis JF - European journal of organic chemistry N2 - Prenylated flavanones were obtained from ortho-allyloxy chalcones through a one-pot sequence of Claisen rearrangement and 6-endo-trig cyclization, followed by olefin cross metathesis of the intermediate allyl flavanones with 2-methyl-2-butene. The synthetic utility of this route is illustrated for the synthesis of several naturally occurring prenyl flavanones. KW - tandem reactions KW - arenes KW - oxygen heterocycles KW - microwave chemistry KW - rearrangement Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202001378 SN - 1434-193X SN - 1099-0690 VL - 2020 IS - 47 SP - 7373 EP - 7384 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mariucci, Ester A1 - Ray, Kolyan A1 - Szabo, Botond T1 - A Bayesian nonparametric approach to log-concave density estimation JF - Bernoulli : official journal of the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability N2 - The estimation of a log-concave density on R is a canonical problem in the area of shape-constrained nonparametric inference. We present a Bayesian nonparametric approach to this problem based on an exponentiated Dirichlet process mixture prior and show that the posterior distribution converges to the log-concave truth at the (near-) minimax rate in Hellinger distance. Our proof proceeds by establishing a general contraction result based on the log-concave maximum likelihood estimator that prevents the need for further metric entropy calculations. We further present computationally more feasible approximations and both an empirical and hierarchical Bayes approach. All priors are illustrated numerically via simulations. KW - convergence rate KW - density estimation KW - Dirichlet mixture KW - log-concavity KW - nonparametric hypothesis testing KW - posterior distribution Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3150/19-BEJ1139 SN - 1350-7265 SN - 1573-9759 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 1070 EP - 1097 PB - International Statistical Institute CY - The Hague ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - A biological foundation for spatial–numerical associations BT - the brain's asymmetric frequency tuning JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences N2 - "Left" and "right" coordinates control our spatial behavior and even influence abstract thoughts. For number concepts, horizontal spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) have been widely documented: we associate few with left and many with right. Importantly, increments are universally coded on the right side even in preverbal humans and nonhuman animals, thus questioning the fundamental role of directional cultural habits, such as reading or finger counting. Here, we propose a biological, nonnumerical mechanism for the origin of SNAs on the basis of asymmetric tuning of animal brains for different spatial frequencies (SFs). The resulting selective visual processing predicts both universal SNAs and their context-dependence. We support our proposal by analyzing the stimuli used to document SNAs in newborns for their SF content. As predicted, the SFs contained in visual patterns with few versus many elements preferentially engage right versus left brain hemispheres, respectively, thus predicting left-versus rightward behavioral biases. Our "brain's asymmetric frequency tuning" hypothesis explains the perceptual origin of horizontal SNAs for nonsymbolic visual numerosities and might be extensible to the auditory domain. KW - hemispheric asymmetry KW - numerical cognition KW - SNARC effect KW - spatial KW - frequency tuning KW - spatial-numerical associations KW - spatial vision Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14418 SN - 0077-8923 SN - 1749-6632 VL - 1477 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 53 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin A1 - Neerakkal, Sujeeth A1 - Gupta, Saurabh A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Guinan, Kieran J. A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - A Biostimulant Obtained from the Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum Protects Arabidopsis thaliana from Severe Oxidative Stress JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Abiotic stresses cause oxidative damage in plants. Here, we demonstrate that foliar application of an extract from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, SuperFifty (SF), largely prevents paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. While PQ-stressed plants develop necrotic lesions, plants pre-treated with SF (i.e., primed plants) were unaffected by PQ. Transcriptome analysis revealed induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) marker genes, genes involved in ROS-induced programmed cell death, and autophagy-related genes after PQ treatment. These changes did not occur in PQ-stressed plants primed with SF. In contrast, upregulation of several carbohydrate metabolism genes, growth, and hormone signaling as well as antioxidant-related genes were specific to SF-primed plants. Metabolomic analyses revealed accumulation of the stress-protective metabolite maltose and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates fumarate and malate in SF-primed plants. Lipidome analysis indicated that those lipids associated with oxidative stress-induced cell death and chloroplast degradation, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), declined upon SF priming. Our study demonstrated that SF confers tolerance to PQ-induced oxidative stress in A. thaliana, an effect achieved by modulating a range of processes at the transcriptomic, metabolic, and lipid levels. KW - Ascophyllum nodosum KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - biostimulant KW - paraquat KW - priming KW - oxidative stress tolerance KW - reactive oxygen species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020474 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 2 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christakoudi, Sofa A1 - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. A1 - Muller, David C. A1 - Freisling, Heinz A1 - Weiderpass, Elisabete A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Söderberg, Stefan A1 - Häggström, Christel A1 - Pischon, Tobias A1 - Dahm, Christina C. A1 - Zhang, Jie A1 - Tjønneland, Anne A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Abdominal and general adiposity are independently associated with mortality, but there is no consensus on how best to assess abdominal adiposity. We compared the ability of alternative waist indices to complement body mass index (BMI) when assessing all-cause mortality. We used data from 352,985 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other risk factors. During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, 38,178 participants died. Combining in one model BMI and a strongly correlated waist index altered the association patterns with mortality, to a predominantly negative association for BMI and a stronger positive association for the waist index, while combining BMI with the uncorrelated A Body Shape Index (ABSI) preserved the association patterns. Sex-specific cohort-wide quartiles of waist indices correlated with BMI could not separate high-risk from low-risk individuals within underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)) or obese (BMI30 kg/m(2)) categories, while the highest quartile of ABSI separated 18-39% of the individuals within each BMI category, which had 22-55% higher risk of death. In conclusion, only a waist index independent of BMI by design, such as ABSI, complements BMI and enables efficient risk stratification, which could facilitate personalisation of screening, treatment and monitoring. KW - all-cause mortality KW - anthropometric measures KW - mass index KW - overweight KW - cancer KW - prediction KW - adiposity KW - size Y1 - 2020 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ly, Ibrahim T1 - A Cauchy problem for the Cauchy-Riemann operator JF - Afrika Matematika N2 - We study the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear elliptic equation with data on a piece S of the boundary surface partial derivative X. By the Cauchy problem is meant any boundary value problem for an unknown function u in a domain X with the property that the data on S, if combined with the differential equations in X, allows one to determine all derivatives of u on S by means of functional equations. In the case of real analytic data of the Cauchy problem, the existence of a local solution near S is guaranteed by the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem. We discuss a variational setting of the Cauchy problem which always possesses a generalized solution. KW - nonlinear PDI KW - Cauchy problem KW - Zaremba problem Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13370-020-00810-4 SN - 1012-9405 SN - 2190-7668 VL - 32 IS - 1-2 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montes, Virginie A. A1 - Hofner, Peter A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Linz, Hendrik T1 - A Chandra X-Ray and infrared study of the stellar population in the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 16562-3959 JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We present the results from Chandra X-ray observations, and near- and mid-infrared analysis, using VISTA/VVV and Spitzer/GLIMPSE catalogs, of the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 16562-3959, which contains a candidate for a high-mass protostar. We detected 249 X-ray sources within the ACIS-I field of view. The majority of the X-ray sources have low count rates (<0.638 cts/ks) and hard X-ray spectra. The search for YSOs in the region using VISTA/VVV and Spitzer/GLIMPSE catalogs resulted in a total of 636 YSOs, with 74 Class I and 562 Class II YSOs. The search for near- and mid-infrared counterparts of the X-ray sources led to a total of 165 VISTA/VVV counterparts, and a total of 151 Spitzer/GLIMPSE counterparts. The infrared analysis of the X-ray counterparts allowed us to identify an extra 91 Class III YSOs associated with the region. We conclude that a total of 727 YSOs are associated with the region, with 74 Class I, 562 Class II, and 91 Class III YSOs. We also found that the region is composed of 16 subclusters. In the vicinity of the high-mass protostar, the stellar distribution has a core-halo structure. The subcluster containing the high-mass protostar is the densest and the youngest in the region, and the high-mass protostar is located at its center. The YSOs in this cluster appear to be substantially older than the high-mass protostar. KW - young star clusters KW - massive stars KW - protostars KW - pre-main sequence stars KW - star formation KW - X-ray stars Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab59cf SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 888 IS - 2 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - A comparison of factors driving flood losses in households affected by different flood types JF - Water resources research N2 - Flood loss data collection and modeling are not standardized, and previous work has indicated that losses from different flood types (e.g., riverine and groundwater) may follow different driving forces. However, different flood types may occur within a single flood event, which is known as a compound flood event. Therefore, we aimed to identify statistical similarities between loss-driving factors across flood types and test whether the corresponding losses should be modeled separately. In this study, we used empirical data from 4,418 respondents from four survey campaigns studying households in Germany that experienced flooding. These surveys sought to investigate several features of the impact process (hazard, socioeconomic, preparedness, and building characteristics, as well as flood type). While the level of most of these features differed across flood type subsamples (e.g., degree of preparedness), they did so in a nonregular pattern. A variable selection process indicates that besides hazard and building characteristics, information on property-level preparedness was also selected as a relevant predictor of the loss ratio. These variables represent information, which is rarely adopted in loss modeling. Models shall be refined with further data collection and other statistical methods. To save costs, data collection efforts should be steered toward the most relevant predictors to enhance data availability and increase the statistical power of results. Understanding that losses from different flood types are driven by different factors is a crucial step toward targeted data collection and model development and will finally clarify conditions that allow us to transfer loss models in space and time.
Key Points
Survey data of flood-affected households show different concurrent flood types, undermining the use of a single-flood-type loss model Thirteen variables addressing flood hazard, the building, and property level preparedness are significant predictors of the building loss ratio Flood type-specific models show varying significance across the predictor variables, indicating a hindrance to model transferability KW - Loss modeling KW - Riverine floods KW - Surface floods KW - Groundwater KW - Levee KW - breaches KW - Compound flood event Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025943 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 56 IS - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dragičević, Nikolina A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Tsui, Eric A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - A conceptual model of knowledge dynamics in the industry 4.0 smart grid scenario JF - Knowledge management research & practice : KMRP N2 - Technological advancements are giving rise to the fourth industrial revolution - Industry 4.0 -characterized by the mass employment of smart objects in highly reconfigurable and thoroughly connected industrialproduct-service systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory-based knowledgedynamics model in the smart grid scenario that would provide a holistic view on the knowledge-based interactions among smart objects, humans, and other actors as an underlyingmechanism of value co-creation in Industry 4.0. A multi-loop and three-layer - physical, virtual, and interface - model of knowledge dynamics is developedby building on the concept of ba - an enabling space for interactions and theemergence of knowledge. The model depicts how big data analytics are just one component inunlocking the value of big data, whereas the tacit engagement of humans-in-the-loop - theirsense-making and decision-making - is needed for insights to be evoked fromanalytics reports and customer needs to be met. KW - Industry 4.0 KW - tacit knowledge KW - humans-in-the-loop KW - big data analytics KW - internet of things and services KW - smart grid Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2019.1633893 SN - 1477-8238 SN - 1477-8246 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 213 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kratky, Nicole A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - A court file analysis of child protection cases BT - what do children say? JF - Child & family social work N2 - Children's participation in legal proceedings affecting them personally has been gaining importance. So far, a primary research concern has been how children experience their participation in court proceedings. However, little is known about the child's voice itself: Are children able to clearly express their wishes, and if so, what do they say in child protection cases? In this study, we extracted information about children's statements from court file data of 220 child protection cases in Germany. We found 182 children were asked about their wishes. The majority of the statements found came either from reports of the guardians ad litem or from judicial records of the child hearings. Using content analysis, three main aspects of the statements were extracted: wishes concerning main place of residence, wishes about whom to have or not contact with, and children granting decision-making authority to someone else. Children's main focus was on their parents, but others (e.g., relatives and foster care providers) were also mentioned. Intercoder agreement was substantial. Making sure that child hearings are as informative as possible is in the child's best interest. Therefore, the categories developed herein might help professionals to ask questions more precisely relevant to the child. KW - children's participation KW - child protection KW - child's voice KW - child KW - welfare KW - court files KW - family court Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12744 SN - 1356-7500 SN - 1365-2206 VL - 25 IS - S1 SP - 169 EP - 177 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brill, Fabio Alexander A1 - Passuni Pineda, Silvia A1 - Espichan Cuya, Bruno A1 - Kreibich, Heidi T1 - A data-mining approach towards damage modelling for El Nino events in Peru JF - Geomatics, natural hazards and risk N2 - Compound natural hazards likeEl Ninoevents cause high damage to society, which to manage requires reliable risk assessments. Damage modelling is a prerequisite for quantitative risk estimations, yet many procedures still rely on expert knowledge, and empirical studies investigating damage from compound natural hazards hardly exist. A nationwide building survey in Peru after theEl Ninoevent 2017 - which caused intense rainfall, ponding water, flash floods and landslides - enables us to apply data-mining methods for statistical groundwork, using explanatory features generated from remote sensing products and open data. We separate regions of different dominant characteristics through unsupervised clustering, and investigate feature importance rankings for classifying damage via supervised machine learning. Besides the expected effect of precipitation, the classification algorithms select the topographic wetness index as most important feature, especially in low elevation areas. The slope length and steepness factor ranks high for mountains and canyons. Partial dependence plots further hint at amplified vulnerability in rural areas. An example of an empirical damage probability map, developed with a random forest model, is provided to demonstrate the technical feasibility. KW - Natural hazard KW - damage model KW - residential buildings KW - data-mining KW - remote KW - sensing KW - open data Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1818636 SN - 1947-5705 SN - 1947-5713 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1966 EP - 1990 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Saedy, Ammar Jaffar Muhesin A1 - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič T1 - A degree theory for Lagrangian boundary value problems JF - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta = Journal of Siberian Federal University; mathematics & physics N2 - We study those nonlinear partial differential equations which appear as Euler-Lagrange equations of variational problems. On defining weak boundary values of solutions to such equations we initiate the theory of Lagrangian boundary value problems in spaces of appropriate smoothness. We also analyse if the concept of mapping degree of current importance applies to Lagrangian problems. N2 - Мы изучаем те нелинейные уравнения с частными производными, которые возникают как уравнения Эйлера-Лагранжа вариационных задач. Определяя слабые граничные значения решений таких уравнений, мы инициируем теорию лагранжевых краевых задач в функциональных пространствах подходящей гладкости. Мы также анализируем, применяется ли современная концепция степени отображения к лагранжевым проблемам. KW - nonlinear equations KW - Lagrangian system KW - weak boundary values KW - quasilinear Fredholm operators KW - mapping degree Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2020-13-1-5-25 SN - 1997-1397 SN - 2313-6022 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 25 PB - Sibirskij Federalʹnyj Universitet CY - Krasnojarsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaitoua, Abdulrahman A1 - Rabl, Tilmann A1 - Markl, Volker T1 - A distributed data exchange engine for polystores JF - Information technology : methods and applications of informatics and information technology JF - Information technology : Methoden und innovative Anwendungen der Informatik und Informationstechnik N2 - There is an increasing interest in fusing data from heterogeneous sources. Combining data sources increases the utility of existing datasets, generating new information and creating services of higher quality. A central issue in working with heterogeneous sources is data migration: In order to share and process data in different engines, resource intensive and complex movements and transformations between computing engines, services, and stores are necessary. Muses is a distributed, high-performance data migration engine that is able to interconnect distributed data stores by forwarding, transforming, repartitioning, or broadcasting data among distributed engines' instances in a resource-, cost-, and performance-adaptive manner. As such, it performs seamless information sharing across all participating resources in a standard, modular manner. We show an overall improvement of 30 % for pipelining jobs across multiple engines, even when we count the overhead of Muses in the execution time. This performance gain implies that Muses can be used to optimise large pipelines that leverage multiple engines. KW - distributed systems KW - data migration KW - data transformation KW - big data KW - engine KW - data integration Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2019-0037 SN - 1611-2776 SN - 2196-7032 VL - 62 IS - 3-4 SP - 145 EP - 156 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lass, Sander A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - A factory operating system for extending existing factories to Industry 4.0 JF - Computers in industry : an international, application oriented research journal N2 - Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have shaped the discussion about Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for some time. To ensure the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises the vision for the future figures out cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) as a core component of a modern factory. Adaptability and coping with complexity are (among others) potentials of this new generation of production management. The successful transformation of this theoretical construct into practical implementation can only take place with regard to the conditions characterizing the context of a factory. The subject of this contribution is a concept that takes up the brownfield character and describes a solution for extending existing (legacy) systems with CPS capabilities. KW - Factory operating system KW - CPPS KW - CPS KW - Decentralized production control KW - Industry 4.0 KW - retrofit Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.103128 SN - 0166-3615 SN - 1872-6194 VL - 115 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, Shangbin A1 - Liu, Liu A1 - Wang, Wei A1 - Lorke, Andreas A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - A Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for continuous in situ measurement of CH4 and CO2 dissolved in water JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Biogenic greenhouse gas emissions, e.g., of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters, contribute substantially to global warming. In aquatic systems, dissolved greenhouse gases are highly heterogeneous in both space and time. To better understand the biological and physical processes that affect sources and sinks of both CH4 and CO2, their dissolved concentrations need to be measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this goal, we developed the Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for real-time in situ measurement of dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations at the water surface and in the water column. FaRAGE can achieve an exceptionally short response time (t(95%) = 12 s when including the response time of the gas analyzer) while retaining an equilibration ratio of 62.6% and a measurement accuracy of 0.5% for CH4. A similar performance was observed for dissolved CO2 (t(95%) = 10 s, equilibration ratio 67.1 %). An equilibration ratio as high as 91.8% can be reached at the cost of a slightly increased response time (16 s). The FaRAGE is capable of continuously measuring dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the nM-to-submM (10(-9)-10(-3) mol L-1) range with a detection limit of subnM (10(-10) mol L-1), when coupling with a cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer (Picarro GasScouter). FaRAGE allows for the possibility of mapping dissolved concentration in a "quasi" three-dimensional manner in lakes and provides an inexpensive alternative to other commercial gas equilibrators. It is simple to operate and suitable for continuous monitoring with a strong tolerance for suspended particles. While the FaRAGE is developed for inland waters, it can be also applied to ocean waters by tuning the gas-water mixing ratio. The FaRAGE is easily adapted to suit other gas analyzers expanding the range of potential applications, including nitrous oxide and isotopic composition of the gases. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3871-2020 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 3871 EP - 3880 PB - European Geosciences Union (EGU) ; Copernicus CY - Munich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jarecki, Jana B. A1 - Tan, Jolene H. A1 - Jenny, Mirjam T1 - A framework for building cognitive process models JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models. KW - cognitive process model KW - cognitive model KW - computational model KW - definitions KW - Marr's levels Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2 SN - 1069-9384 SN - 1531-5320 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1218 EP - 1229 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reeg, Jette A1 - Heine, Simon A1 - Mihan, Christine A1 - McGee, Sean A1 - Preuss, Thomas G. A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - A graphical user interface for the plant community model IBC-grass JF - Plos One N2 - Plants located adjacent to agricultural fields are important for maintaining biodiversity in semi-natural landscapes. To avoid undesired impacts on these plants due to herbicide application on the arable fields, regulatory risk assessments are conducted prior to registration to ensure proposed uses of plant protection products do not present an unacceptable risk. The current risk assessment approach for these non-target terrestrial plants (NTTPs) examines impacts at the individual-level as a surrogate approach for protecting the plant community due to the inherent difficulties of directly assessing population or community level impacts. However, modelling approaches are suitable higher tier tools to upscale individual-level effects to community level. IBC-grass is a sophisticated plant community model, which has already been applied in several studies. However, as it is a console application software, it was not deemed sufficiently user-friendly for risk managers and assessors to be conveniently operated without prior expertise in ecological models. Here, we present a user-friendly and open source graphical user interface (GUI) for the application of IBC-grass in regulatory herbicide risk assessment. It facilitates the use of the plant community model for predicting long-term impacts of herbicide applications on NTTP communities. The GUI offers two options to integrate herbicide impacts: (1) dose responses based on current standard experiments (acc. to testing guidelines) and (2) based on specific effect intensities. Both options represent suitable higher tier options for future risk assessments of NTTPs as well as for research on the ecological relevance of effects. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230012 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 3 PB - Plos 1 CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weatherill, Graeme A1 - Cotton, Fabrice T1 - A ground motion logic tree for seismic hazard analysis in the stable cratonic region of Europe BT - regionalisation, model selection and development of a scaled backbone approach JF - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering N2 - Regions of low seismicity present a particular challenge for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis when identifying suitable ground motion models (GMMs) and quantifying their epistemic uncertainty. The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model adopts a scaled backbone approach to characterise this uncertainty for shallow seismicity in Europe, incorporating region-to-region source and attenuation variability based on European strong motion data. This approach, however, may not be suited to stable cratonic region of northeastern Europe (encompassing Finland, Sweden and the Baltic countries), where exploration of various global geophysical datasets reveals that its crustal properties are distinctly different from the rest of Europe, and are instead more closely represented by those of the Central and Eastern United States. Building upon the suite of models developed by the recent NGA East project, we construct a new scaled backbone ground motion model and calibrate its corresponding epistemic uncertainties. The resulting logic tree is shown to provide comparable hazard outcomes to the epistemic uncertainty modelling strategy adopted for the Eastern United States, despite the different approaches taken. Comparison with previous GMM selections for northeastern Europe, however, highlights key differences in short period accelerations resulting from new assumptions regarding the characteristics of the reference rock and its influence on site amplification. KW - ground motion models KW - stable craton KW - regionalisation KW - epistemic KW - uncertainty KW - Europe Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00940-x SN - 1570-761X SN - 1573-1456 VL - 18 IS - 14 SP - 6119 EP - 6148 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartlieb, Matthias A1 - Mansfield, Edward D. H. A1 - Perrier, Sebastien T1 - A guide to supramolecular polymerizations JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - Supramolecular polymers or fibers are non-covalent assemblies of unimeric building blocks connected by secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonds or pi-pi interactions. Such structures hold enormous potential in the development of future materials, as their non-covalent nature makes them highly modular and adaptive. Within this review we aim to provide a broad overview over the area of linear supramolecular polymers including the different mechanisms of their polymerization as well as methods essential for their characterization. The different non-covalent interactions able to form supramolecular polymers are discussed, and key examples for each species are shown. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of living supramolecular polymerization able to produce fibers with a controlled length and low length dispersity, and even enable the production of supramolecular block copolymers. Another important and very recent field is the development of out-of-equilibrium supramolecular polymers, where the polymerization process can be temporally controlled enabling access to highly adaptive materials. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py01342c SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 1083 EP - 1110 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Eric W. A1 - Werther, Michael A1 - Bouakline, Foudhil A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - A hierarchical effective mode approach to phonon-driven multilevel vibrational relaxation dynamics at surfaces JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistry N2 - We discuss an efficient Hierarchical Effective Mode (HEM) representation of a high-dimensional harmonic oscillator bath, which describes phonon-driven vibrational relaxation of an adsorbate-surface system, namely, deuterium adsorbed on Si(100). Starting from the original Hamiltonian of the adsorbate-surface system, the HEM representation is constructed via iterative orthogonal transformations, which are efficiently implemented with Householder matrices. The detailed description of the HEM representation and its construction are given in the second quantization representation. The hierarchical nature of this representation allows access to the exact quantum dynamics of the adsorbate-surface system over finite time intervals, controllable via the truncation order of the hierarchy. To study the convergence properties of the effective mode representation, we solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation of the truncated system-bath HEM Hamiltonian, with the help of the multilayer extension of the Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. The results of the HEM representation are compared with those obtained with a quantum-mechanical tier-model. The convergence of the HEM representation with respect to the truncation order of the hierarchy is discussed for different initial conditions of the adsorbate-surface system. The combination of the HEM representation with the ML-MCTDH method provides information on the time evolution of the system (adsorbate) and multiple effective modes of the bath (surface). This permits insight into mechanisms of vibration-phonon coupling of the adsorbate-surface system, as well as inter-mode couplings of the effective bath. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0017716 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 153 IS - 6 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Youjun A1 - Chen, Moxian A1 - Siemiatkowska, Beata A1 - Toleco, Mitchell Rey A1 - Jing, Yue A1 - Strotmann, Vivien A1 - Zhang, Jianghua A1 - Stahl, Yvonne A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. T1 - A highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated method for transient gene expression and functional studies in multiple plant species JF - Plant Communications N2 - Although the use of stable transformation technology has led to great insight into gene function, its application in high-throughput studies remains arduous. Agro-infiltration have been widely used in species such as Nicotiana benthamiana for the rapid detection of gene expression and protein interaction analysis, but this technique does not work efficiently in other plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. As an efficient high-throughput transient expression system is currently lacking in the model plant species A. thaliana, we developed a method that is characterized by high efficiency, reproducibility, and suitability for transient expression of a variety of functional proteins in A. thaliana and 7 other plant species, including Brassica oleracea, Capsella rubella, Thellungiella salsuginea, Thellungiella halophila, Solanum tuberosum, Capsicum annuum, and N. benthamiana. Efficiency of this method was independently verified in three independent research facilities, pointing to the robustness of this technique. Furthermore, in addition to demonstrating the utility of this technique in a range of species, we also present a case study employing this method to assess protein-protein interactions in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis. KW - transient expression KW - agro-infiltration KW - subcellular localization KW - protein-protein interaction Y1 - 2019 SN - 2590-3462 VL - 1 IS - 5 PB - Science Direct CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiwari, Abhishek A1 - Prakash, Jyoti A1 - Groß, Sascha A1 - Hammer, Christian T1 - A large scale analysis of Android BT - Web hybridization JF - The journal of systems and software N2 - Many Android applications embed webpages via WebView components and execute JavaScript code within Android. Hybrid applications leverage dedicated APIs to load a resource and render it in a WebView. Furthermore, Android objects can be shared with the JavaScript world. However, bridging the interfaces of the Android and JavaScript world might also incur severe security threats: Potentially untrusted webpages and their JavaScript might interfere with the Android environment and its access to native features. No general analysis is currently available to assess the implications of such hybrid apps bridging the two worlds. To understand the semantics and effects of hybrid apps, we perform a large-scale study on the usage of the hybridization APIs in the wild. We analyze and categorize the parameters to hybridization APIs for 7,500 randomly selected and the 196 most popular applications from the Google Playstore as well as 1000 malware samples. Our results advance the general understanding of hybrid applications, as well as implications for potential program analyses, and the current security situation: We discovered thousands of flows of sensitive data from Android to JavaScript, the vast majority of which could flow to potentially untrustworthy code. Our analysis identified numerous web pages embedding vulnerabilities, which we exemplarily exploited. Additionally, we discovered a multitude of applications in which potentially untrusted JavaScript code may interfere with (trusted) Android objects, both in benign and malign applications. KW - Android hybrid apps KW - static analysis KW - information flow control Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110775 SN - 0164-1212 SN - 1873-1228 VL - 170 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Specht, Sebastian A1 - Cotton, Fabrice T1 - A link between machine learning and optimization in ground-motion model development BT - weighted mixed-effects regression with data-driven probabilistic earthquake classification JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - The steady increase of ground-motion data not only allows new possibilities but also comes with new challenges in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs). Data classification techniques (e.g., cluster analysis) do not only produce deterministic classifications but also probabilistic classifications (e.g., probabilities for each datum to belong to a given class or cluster). One challenge is the integration of such continuous classification in regressions for GMM development such as the widely used mixed-effects model. We address this issue by introducing an extension of the mixed-effects model to incorporate data weighting. The parameter estimation of the mixed-effects model, that is, fixed-effects coefficients of the GMMs and the random-effects variances, are based on the weighted likelihood function, which also provides analytic uncertainty estimates. The data weighting permits for earthquake classification beyond the classical, expert-driven, binary classification based, for example, on event depth, distance to trench, style of faulting, and fault dip angle. We apply Angular Classification with Expectation-maximization, an algorithm to identify clusters of nodal planes from focal mechanisms to differentiate between, for example, interface- and intraslab-type events. Classification is continuous, that is, no event belongs completely to one class, which is taken into account in the ground-motion modeling. The theoretical framework described in this article allows for a fully automatic calibration of ground-motion models using large databases with automated classification and processing of earthquake and ground-motion data. As an example, we developed a GMM on the basis of the GMM by Montalva et al. (2017) with data from the strong-motion flat file of Bastias and Montalva (2016) with similar to 2400 records from 319 events in the Chilean subduction zone. Our GMM with the data-driven classification is comparable to the expert-classification-based model. Furthermore, the model shows temporal variations of the between-event residuals before and after large earthquakes in the region. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190133 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 110 IS - 6 SP - 2777 EP - 2800 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malem-Shinitski, Noa A1 - Opper, Manfred A1 - Reich, Sebastian A1 - Schwetlick, Lisa A1 - Seelig, Stefan A. A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - A mathematical model of local and global attention in natural scene viewing JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal N2 - Author summary
Switching between local and global attention is a general strategy in human information processing. We investigate whether this strategy is a viable approach to model sequences of fixations generated by a human observer in a free viewing task with natural scenes. Variants of the basic model are used to predict the experimental data based on Bayesian inference. Results indicate a high predictive power for both aggregated data and individual differences across observers. The combination of a novel model with state-of-the-art Bayesian methods lends support to our two-state model using local and global internal attention states for controlling eye movements.
Understanding the decision process underlying gaze control is an important question in cognitive neuroscience with applications in diverse fields ranging from psychology to computer vision. The decision for choosing an upcoming saccade target can be framed as a selection process between two states: Should the observer further inspect the information near the current gaze position (local attention) or continue with exploration of other patches of the given scene (global attention)? Here we propose and investigate a mathematical model motivated by switching between these two attentional states during scene viewing. The model is derived from a minimal set of assumptions that generates realistic eye movement behavior. We implemented a Bayesian approach for model parameter inference based on the model's likelihood function. In order to simplify the inference, we applied data augmentation methods that allowed the use of conjugate priors and the construction of an efficient Gibbs sampler. This approach turned out to be numerically efficient and permitted fitting interindividual differences in saccade statistics. Thus, the main contribution of our modeling approach is two-fold; first, we propose a new model for saccade generation in scene viewing. Second, we demonstrate the use of novel methods from Bayesian inference in the field of scan path modeling. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007880 SN - 1553-734X SN - 1553-7358 VL - 16 IS - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartung, Niklas A1 - Borghardt, Jens Markus T1 - A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal N2 - Author summary
The use of orally inhaled drugs for treating lung diseases is appealing since they have the potential for lung selectivity, i.e. high exposure at the site of action -the lung- without excessive side effects. However, the degree of lung selectivity depends on a large number of factors, including physiochemical properties of drug molecules, patient disease state, and inhalation devices. To predict the impact of these factors on drug exposure and thereby to understand the characteristics of an optimal drug for inhalation, we develop a predictive mathematical framework (a "pharmacokinetic model"). In contrast to previous approaches, our model allows combining knowledge from different sources appropriately and its predictions were able to adequately predict different sets of clinical data. Finally, we compare the impact of different factors and find that the most important factors are the size of the inhaled particles, the affinity of the drug to the lung tissue, as well as the rate of drug dissolution in the lung. In contrast to the common belief, the solubility of a drug in the lining fluids is not found to be relevant. These findings are important to understand how inhaled drugs should be designed to achieve best treatment results in patients.
The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008466 SN - 1553-734X SN - 1553-7358 VL - 16 IS - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelbeiner, Nicola Lisa A1 - Wandt, Viktoria Klara Veronika A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Lossow, Kristina A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi E. A1 - Martin, Maximilian A1 - Mangerich, Aswin A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - A Multi-Endpoint Approach to Base Excision Repair Incision Activity Augmented by PARylation and DNA Damage Levels in Mice BT - Impact of Sex and Age JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2’-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery. KW - maintenance of genomic integrity KW - ageing KW - sex KW - DNA damage KW - base excision repair (incision activity) KW - DNA damage response KW - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation KW - liver Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186600 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 18 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schittko, Conrad A1 - Bernard-Verdier, Maud A1 - Heger, Tina A1 - Buchholz, Sascha A1 - Kowarik, Ingo A1 - von der Lippe, Moritz A1 - Seitz, Birgit A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Jeschke, Jonathan M. T1 - A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community? JF - Global Change Biology N2 - Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use, and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non-native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non-native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (a) functional differences between native and non-native introduced species with (b) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao's quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community's functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (a) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (b) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change. KW - alien species KW - biological invasions KW - coexistence KW - ecological novelty KW - functional diversity KW - novel ecosystems KW - novel species KW - standard metrics Y1 - 2019 VL - 26 IS - 8 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obbard, Darren J. A1 - Shi, Mang A1 - Roberts, Katherine E. A1 - Longdon, Ben A1 - Dennis, Alice B. T1 - A new lineage of segmented RNA viruses infecting animals JF - Virus Evolution N2 - Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new virus sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, virus discovery from metagenomic sequencing usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ virus sequences remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend on detecting homology, such as virus recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have previously been used to propose ‘dark’ virus sequences associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera). Here, we combine published Drosophila data with a comprehensive search of transcriptomic sequences and selected meta-transcriptomic datasets to identify a completely new lineage of segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that we provisionally refer to as the Quenyaviruses. Each of the five segments contains a single open reading frame, with most encoding proteins showing no detectable similarity to characterised viruses, and one sharing a small number of residues with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. Using these sequences, we identify close relatives in approximately 20 arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, spiders, and a myriapod. Using a more conserved sequence from the putative polymerase, we further identify relatives in meta-transcriptomic datasets from gut, gill, and lung tissues of vertebrates, reflecting infections of vertebrates or of their associated parasites. Our data illustrate the utility of small RNAs to detect viruses with limited sequence conservation, and provide robust evidence for a new deeply divergent and phylogenetically distinct RNA virus lineage. KW - metagenome KW - RNA virus KW - dark virus KW - arthropod KW - RNA interference Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez061 SN - 2057-1577 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Assagra, Yuri A.O. A1 - Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani A1 - do Carmo, Joao P. A1 - Altafim, Ruy A.C. A1 - Rychkov, Dmitry A1 - Wirges, Werner A1 - Gerhard, Reimund T1 - A new route to piezo-polymer transducers: 3D printing of polypropylene ferroelectrets JF - IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation N2 - Here, a promising approach for producing piezo-polymer transducers in a one-step process is presented. Using 3D-printing technology and polypropylene (PP) filaments, we are able to print a two-layered film structure with regular cavities of precisely controlled size and shape. It is found that the 3D-printed samples exhibit piezoelectric coefficients up to 200 pC/N, similar to those of other PP ferroelectrets, and their temporal and thermal behavior is in good agreement with those known of PP ferroelectrets. The piezoelectric response strongly decreases for applied pressures above 20 kPa, as the pressure in the air-filled cavities strongly influences the overall elastic modulus of ferroelectrets. KW - 3D printing KW - polymer ferroelectrets KW - sensors and actuators KW - piezoelectrets KW - electret polymers KW - soft electro-active materials KW - functional materials KW - soft matter Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2020.008461 SN - 1070-9878 SN - 1558-4135 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 1668 EP - 1674 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gómez-Nava, Luis A1 - Grossmann, Robert A1 - Hintsche, Marius A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Peruani, Fernando T1 - A novel approach to chemotaxis BT - active particles guided by internal clocks JF - epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics N2 - Motivated by the observation of non-exponential run-time distributions of bacterial swimmers, we propose a minimal phenomenological model for taxis of active particles whose motion is controlled by an internal clock. The ticking of the clock depends on an external concentration field, e.g., a chemical substance. We demonstrate that these particles can detect concentration gradients and respond to them by moving up- or down-gradient depending on the clock design, albeit measurements of these fields are purely local in space and instantaneous in time. Altogether, our results open a new route in the study of directional navigation: we show that the use of a clock to control motility actions represents a generic and versatile toolbox to engineer behavioral responses to external cues, such as light, chemical, or temperature gradients. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/130/68002 SN - 0295-5075 SN - 1286-4854 VL - 130 IS - 6 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gostkowska-Lekner, Natalia Katarzyna A1 - Wallacher, Dirk A1 - Grimm, Nico A1 - Habicht, Klaus A1 - Hofmann, Tommy T1 - A novel electrochemical anodization cell for the synthesis of mesoporous silicon JF - Review of scientific instruments : a monthly journal devoted to scientific instruments, apparatus, and techniques N2 - A novel design of an electrochemical anodization cell dedicated to the synthesis of mesoporous, single-crystalline silicon is presented. First and foremost, the design principle follows user safety since electrochemical etching of silicon requires highly hazardous electrolytes based on hydrofluoric (HF) acid. The novel cell design allows for safe electrolyte handling prior, during, and post-etching. A peristaltic pump with HF-resistant fluoroelastomer tubing transfers electrolytes between dedicated reservoirs and the anodization cell. Due to the flexibility of the cell operation, different processing conditions can be realized providing a large parameter range for the attainable sample thickness, its porosity, and the mean pore size. Rapid etching on the order of several minutes to synthesize micrometer-thick porous silicon epilayers on bulk silicon is possible as well as long-time etching with continuous, controlled electrolyte flow for several days to prepare up to 1000 mu m thick self-supporting porous silicon membranes. A highly adaptable, LabVIEW((TM))-based control software allows for user-defined etching profiles. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0008536 SN - 0034-6748 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 91 IS - 10 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Listek, Martin A1 - Hönow, Anja A1 - Gossen, Manfred A1 - Hanack, Katja T1 - A novel selection strategy for antibody producing hybridoma cells based on a new transgenic fusion cell line JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The use of monoclonal antibodies is ubiquitous in science and biomedicine but the generation and validation process of antibodies is nevertheless complicated and time-consuming. To address these issues we developed a novel selective technology based on an artificial cell surface construct by which secreted antibodies were connected to the corresponding hybridoma cell when they possess the desired antigen-specificity. Further the system enables the selection of desired isotypes and the screening for potential cross-reactivities in the same context. For the design of the construct we combined the transmembrane domain of the EGF-receptor with a hemagglutinin epitope and a biotin acceptor peptide and performed a transposon-mediated transfection of myeloma cell lines. The stably transfected myeloma cell line was used for the generation of hybridoma cells and an antigen- and isotype-specific screening method was established. The system has been validated for globular protein antigens as well as for haptens and enables a fast and early stage selection and validation of monoclonal antibodies in one step. KW - Antibody generation KW - Assay systems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58571-w SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Großmann, Robert A1 - Aranson, Igor S. A1 - Peruani, Fernando T1 - A particle-field approach bridges phase separation and collective motion in active matter JF - Nature Communications N2 - Whereas self-propelled hard discs undergo motility-induced phase separation, self-propelled rods exhibit a variety of nonequilibrium phenomena, including clustering, collective motion, and spatio-temporal chaos. In this work, we present a theoretical framework representing active particles by continuum fields. This concept combines the simplicity of alignment-based models, enabling analytical studies, and realistic models that incorporate the shape of self-propelled objects explicitly. By varying particle shape from circular to ellipsoidal, we show how nonequilibrium stresses acting among self-propelled rods destabilize motility-induced phase separation and facilitate orientational ordering, thereby connecting the realms of scalar and vectorial active matter. Though the interaction potential is strictly apolar, both, polar and nematic order may emerge and even coexist. Accordingly, the symmetry of ordered states is a dynamical property in active matter. The presented framework may represent various systems including bacterial colonies, cytoskeletal extracts, or shaken granular media. Interacting self-propelled particles exhibit phase separation or collective motion depending on particle shape. A unified theory connecting these paradigms represents a major challenge in active matter, which the authors address here by modeling active particles as continuum fields. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18978-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Wotschack, Christiane A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - A path to the bilingual advantage BT - pairwise matching of individuals JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage. KW - executive functions KW - bilingualism KW - interference inhibition KW - pairwise KW - matching KW - primary school children KW - background variables KW - lexicon size Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000166 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 344 EP - 354 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malass, Ihsane A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič T1 - A perturbation of the de Rham complex T1 - Возмущение комплекса де Рама JF - Journal of Siberian Federal University : Mathematics & Physics JF - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta : Matematika i fizika N2 - We consider a perturbation of the de Rham complex on a compact manifold with boundary. This perturbation goes beyond the framework of complexes, and so cohomology does not apply to it. On the other hand, its curvature is "small", hence there is a natural way to introduce an Euler characteristic and develop a Lefschetz theory for the perturbation. This work is intended as an attempt to develop a cohomology theory for arbitrary sequences of linear mappings. N2 - Рассмотрим возмущение комплекса де Рама на компактном многообразии с краем. Это возмущение выходит за рамки комплексов, и поэтому когомологии к нему не относятся. С другой стороны, его кривизна "мала", поэтому существует естественный способ ввести характеристику Эйлера и разработать теорию Лефшеца для возмущения. Данная работа предназначена для попытки разработать теорию когомологий для произвольных последовательностей линейных отображений. KW - de Rham complex KW - cohomology KW - Hodge theory KW - Neumann problem KW - комплекс де Рама KW - когомологии KW - теория Ходжа KW - проблема Неймана Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2020-13-5-519-532 SN - 1997-1397 SN - 2313-6022 VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 519 EP - 532 PB - Siberian Federal University CY - Krasnojarsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smith, Garrett A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - A principled approach to feature selection in models of sentence processing JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - Among theories of human language comprehension, cue-based memory retrieval has proven to be a useful framework for understanding when and how processing difficulty arises in the resolution of long-distance dependencies. Most previous work in this area has assumed that very general retrieval cues like [+subject] or [+singular] do the work of identifying (and sometimes misidentifying) a retrieval target in order to establish a dependency between words. However, recent work suggests that general, handpicked retrieval cues like these may not be enough to explain illusions of plausibility (Cunnings & Sturt, 2018), which can arise in sentences like The letter next to the porcelain plate shattered. Capturing such retrieval interference effects requires lexically specific features and retrieval cues, but handpicking the features is hard to do in a principled way and greatly increases modeler degrees of freedom. To remedy this, we use well-established word embedding methods for creating distributed lexical feature representations that encode information relevant for retrieval using distributed retrieval cue vectors. We show that the similarity between the feature and cue vectors (a measure of plausibility) predicts total reading times in Cunnings and Sturt's eye-tracking data. The features can easily be plugged into existing parsing models (including cue-based retrieval and self-organized parsing), putting very different models on more equal footing and facilitating future quantitative comparisons. KW - Cue‐based retrieval KW - plausibility KW - word embeddings KW - linguistic KW - features Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12918 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 44 IS - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paprotny, Dominik A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Morales-Napoles, Oswaldo A1 - Wagenaar, Dennis A1 - Castellarin, Attilio A1 - Carisi, Francesca A1 - Bertin, Xavier A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - A probabilistic approach to estimating residential losses from different flood types JF - Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards N2 - Residential assets, comprising buildings and household contents, are a major source of direct flood losses. Existing damage models are mostly deterministic and limited to particular countries or flood types. Here, we compile building-level losses from Germany, Italy and the Netherlands covering a wide range of fluvial and pluvial flood events. Utilizing a Bayesian network (BN) for continuous variables, we find that relative losses (i.e. loss relative to exposure) to building structure and its contents could be estimated with five variables: water depth, flow velocity, event return period, building usable floor space area and regional disposable income per capita. The model's ability to predict flood losses is validated for the 11 flood events contained in the sample. Predictions for the German and Italian fluvial floods were better than for pluvial floods or the 1993 Meuse river flood. Further, a case study of a 2010 coastal flood in France is used to test the BN model's performance for a type of flood not included in the survey dataset. Overall, the BN model achieved better results than any of 10 alternative damage models for reproducing average losses for the 2010 flood. An additional case study of a 2013 fluvial flood has also shown good performance of the model. The study shows that data from many flood events can be combined to derive most important factors driving flood losses across regions and time, and that resulting damage models could be applied in an open data framework. KW - fluvial floods KW - coastal floods KW - pluvial floods KW - Bayesian networks KW - flood KW - damage surveys Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04413-x SN - 0921-030X SN - 1573-0840 VL - 105 IS - 3 SP - 2569 EP - 2601 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenz, Markus Alexander ED - Islam, Dayeh T1 - A Prophet of Divine Wisdom? BT - Giambattista Vico and the Construction of the Pythagorean Myth JF - Philological Encounters Special Issus: Early Modern 'New Sciences': Inquiries into Ibn Khaldun and Giambattista Vico N2 - In the nineteenth century, the reception of Giambattista Vico’s writings came along with nationalist interpretations of his Scienza Nuova as an ‘Italian Science’. This tendency was based upon an increased examination of the role that the philosopher Pythagoras and his Italian school of Croton played in Vico’s hierarchical conception of the ancient Greek and Italian civilizations. Writers, archaeologists and historians used the New Science as a metonymic reference work for their own nationalist concepts by updating the Pythagorean myth in accordance with relevant narratives of exclusive genealogies concerning an ancient Italian wisdom. These narratives follow tendencies in Vico’s own writings that were quoted strategically and mixed with further interpretations of the Scienza Nuova as reliable testimonial for a glorious Italian history. A theological poet characterized by deeper insight into the secrets of nature and some parts of the divine providence, Pythagoras gains his special position in Vico’s general conception of knowledge. KW - Pythagoras KW - Cuoco KW - Mazzoldi; KW - prophet KW - Pythagorean myth KW - Italian nationalism Y1 - 2020 UR - https://brill.com/view/journals/phen/5/1/article-p50_4.xml SN - 2451-9189 SN - 2451-9197 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 75 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaffenroth, Veronika A1 - Casewell, Sarah L. A1 - Schneider, D. A1 - Kilkenny, David A1 - Geier, Stephan A1 - Heber, Ulrich A1 - Irrgang, Andreas A1 - Przybilla, Norbert A1 - Marsh, Thomas R. A1 - Littlefair, Stuart P. A1 - Dhillon, Vik S. T1 - A quantitative in-depth analysis of the prototype sdB plus BD system SDSS J08205+0008 revisited in the Gaia era JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Subdwarf B stars are core-helium-burning stars located on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB). Extensive mass loss on the red giant branch is necessary to form them. It has been proposed that substellar companions could lead to the required mass loss when they are engulfed in the envelope of the red giant star. J08205+0008 was the first example of a hot subdwarf star with a close, substellar companion candidate to be found. Here, we perform an in-depth re-analysis of this important system with much higher quality data allowing additional analysis methods. From the higher resolution spectra obtained with ESO-VLT/XSHOOTER, we derive the chemical abundances of the hot subdwarf as well as its rotational velocity. Using the Gaia parallax and a fit to the spectral energy distribution in the secondary eclipse, tight constraints to the radius of the hot subdwarf are derived. From a long-term photometric campaign, we detected a significant period decrease of -3.2(8) x 10(-12) dd(-1). This can be explained by the non-synchronized hot subdwarf star being spun up by tidal interactions forcing it to become synchronized. From the rate of period decrease we could derive the synchronization time-scale to be 4 Myr, much smaller than the lifetime on EHB. By combining all different methods, we could constrain the hot subdwarf to a mass of 0.39-0.50 M-circle dot and a radius of R-sdB = 0.194 +/- 0.008 R-circle dot, and the companion to 0.061-0.071 M-circle dot with a radius of R-comp = 0.092 +/- 0.005 R-circle dot, below the hydrogen-burning limit. We therefore confirm that the companion is most likely a massive brown dwarf. KW - stars: abundances KW - stars: atmospheres KW - stars: fundamental parameters KW - stars: horizontal branch KW - stars: low-mass KW - subdwarfs Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3661 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 501 IS - 3 SP - 3847 EP - 3870 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Powali, Debarchan A1 - Sharma, Shubham A1 - Mandal, Riddhi A1 - Mitra, Supriyo T1 - A reappraisal of the 2005 Kashmir (M-w 7.6) earthquake and its aftershocks BT - seismotectonics of NW Himalaya JF - Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth N2 - We study the source properties of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and its aftershocks to unravel the seismotectonics of the NW Himalayan syntaxis. The mainshock and larger aftershocks have been simultaneously relocated using phase data. We use back-projection of high-frequency energy from multiple teleseismic arrays to model the spatio-temporal evolution of the mainshock rupture. Our analysis reveal a bilateral rupture, which initially propagated SE and then NW of the epicenter, with an average rupture velocity of similar to 2 km s(-1). The area of maximum energy release is parallel to and bound by the surface rupture. Incorporating rupture propagation and velocity, we model the mainshock as a line source using P- and SH-waveform inversion. Our result confirms that the mainshock occurred on a NE dipping (similar to 35 degrees) fault plane, with centroid depth of similar to 10 km. Integrated source time function show that majority of the energy was released in the first similar to 20 s, and was confined above the hypocenter. From waveform inverted fault dimension and seismic moment, we argue that the mainshock had an additional similar to 25 km blind rupture beyond the NW Himalayan syntaxis. Combining this with findings from previous studies, we conjecture that the blind rupture propagated NW of the syntaxis underneath a weak detachment overlain by infra-Cambrian salt layer, and terminated in a wedge thrust. All moderate-to-large aftershocks, NW of the mainshock rupture, are concentrated at the edge of the blind rupture termination. Source modeling of these aftershocks reveal thrust mechanism with centroid depths of 2-10 km, and fault planes oriented subparallel to the mainshock rupture. To study the influence of mainshock rupture on aftershock occurrence, we compute Coulomb failure stress on aftershock faults. All these aftershocks lie in the positive Coulomb stress change region. This suggest that the aftershocks have been triggered by either co-seismic or post-seismic slip on the mainshock fault. KW - Kashmir earthquake KW - Aftershocks KW - High frequency back-projection KW - Source KW - mechanism KW - Coulomb failure stress KW - Seismo-tectonics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228501 SN - 0040-1951 SN - 1879-3266 VL - 789 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chelkh, W. A1 - Ly, Ibrahim A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai T1 - A remark on the Laplace transform JF - Siberian Mathematical Journal N2 - The study of the Cauchy problem for solutions of the heat equation in a cylindrical domain with data on the lateral surface by the Fourier method raises the problem of calculating the inverse Laplace transform of the entire function cos root z. This problem has no solution in the standard theory of the Laplace transform. We give an explicit formula for the inverse Laplace transform of cos root z using the theory of analytic functionals. This solution suits well to efficiently develop the regularization of solutions to Cauchy problems for parabolic equations with data on noncharacteristic surfaces. KW - Fourier-Laplace transform KW - distributions with one-sided support KW - holomorphic function KW - analytic functional Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1134/S0037446620040151 SN - 0037-4466 SN - 1573-9260 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 755 EP - 762 PB - Consultants Bureau, Springer CY - New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Huđek, Helena A1 - Žganec, Krešimir A1 - Pusch, Martin T. T1 - A review of hydropower dams in Southeast Europe BT - distribution, trends and availability of monitoring data using the example of a multinational Danube catchment subarea T2 - Renewable & sustainable energy reviews N2 - Currently, Southeast Europe (SEE) is witnessing a boom in hydropower plant (HPP) construction, which has not even spared protected areas. As SEE includes global hotspots of aquatic biodiversity, it is expected that this boom will result in a more severe impact on biodiversity than that of other regions. A more detailed assessment of the environmental risks resulting from HPP construction would have to rely on the existence of nearby hydrological and biological monitoring stations. For this reason, we review the distribution and trends of HPPs in the area, as well as the availability of hydrological and biological monitoring data from national institutions useable for environmental impact assessment. Our analysis samples tributary rivers of the Danube in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro, referred to hereafter as TRD rivers. Currently, 636 HPPs are operating along the course of TRD rivers, most of which are small (<1 MW). An additional 1315 HPPs are currently planned to be built, mostly in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As official monitoring stations near HPPs are rare, the impact of those HPPs on river flow, fish and macro-invertebrates is difficult to assess. This manuscript represents the first regional review of hydropower use and of available data sources on its environmental impact for an area outside of the Alps. We conclude that current hydrological and biological monitoring in TRD rivers is insufficient for an assessment of the ecological impacts of HPPs. This data gap also prevents an adequate assessment of the ecological impacts of planned HP projects, as well as the identification of appropriate measures to mitigate the environmental effects of existing HPPs. KW - renewable energy KW - environmental monitoring KW - water framework directive KW - environmental impact assessment KW - macroinvertebrates KW - fish KW - hydrology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109434 SN - 1364-0321 SN - 1879-0690 VL - 117 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trindade, Ines T1 - A shelter for the future BT - how WUSCHEL protects the shoot apical meristem from viral infection JF - Molecular plant N2 - Plant development in its majority occurs post-embryonically through the activity of local meristems that provide daughter cells for the development of new organs. It has long been acknowledged that the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which holds the stem cells that will form above-ground organs, is recalcitrant to infection by multiple pathogens, a crucial strategy to safeguard normal devel- opment and subsequent generations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAM immunity remain largely unknown. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.009 SN - 1674-2052 SN - 1752-9867 VL - 13 IS - 12 SP - 1675 EP - 1675 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forbriger, Thomas A1 - Gao, Lingli A1 - Malischewsky, Peter A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Pan, Yudi T1 - A single Rayleigh mode may exist with multiple values of phase-velocity at one frequency JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - Other than commonly assumed in seismology, the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves is not necessarily a single-valued function of frequency. In fact, a single Rayleigh mode can exist with three different values of phase velocity at one frequency. We demonstrate this for the first higher mode on a realistic shallow seismic structure of a homogeneous layer of unconsolidated sediments on top of a half-space of solid rock (LOH). In the case of LOH a significant contrast to the half-space is required to produce the phenomenon. In a simpler structure of a homogeneous layer with fixed (rigid) bottom (LFB) the phenomenon exists for values of Poisson's ratio between 0.19 and 0.5 and is most pronounced for P-wave velocity being three times S-wave velocity (Poisson's ratio of 0.4375). A pavement-like structure (PAV) of two layers on top of a half-space produces the multivaluedness for the fundamental mode. Programs for the computation of synthetic dispersion curves are prone to trouble in such cases. Many of them use mode-follower algorithms which loose track of the dispersion curve and miss the multivalued section. We show results for well established programs. Their inability to properly handle these cases might be one reason why the phenomenon of multivaluedness went unnoticed in seismological Rayleigh wave research for so long. For the very same reason methods of dispersion analysis must fail if they imply wave number k(l)(omega) for the lth Rayleigh mode to be a single-valued function of frequency.. This applies in particular to deconvolution methods like phase-matched filters. We demonstrate that a slant-stack analysis fails in the multivalued section, while a Fourier-Bessel transformation captures the complete Rayleigh-wave signal. Waves of finite bandwidth in the multivalued section propagate with positive group-velocity and negative phase-velocity. Their eigenfunctions appear conventional and contain no conspicuous feature. KW - Surface waves and free oscillations KW - Theoretical seismology KW - Wave KW - propagation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa123 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 222 IS - 1 SP - 582 EP - 594 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Irrgang, Andreas A1 - Geier, Stephan A1 - Kreuzer, Simon A1 - Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos A1 - Heber, Ulrich T1 - A stripped helium star in the potential black hole binary LB-1 JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context The recently claimed discovery of a massive (M-BH = 68(-13)(+11) M-circle dot) black hole in the Galactic solar neighborhood has led to controversial discussions because it severely challenges our current view of stellar evolution. Aims A crucial aspect for the determination of the mass of the unseen black hole is the precise nature of its visible companion, the B-type star LSV +22 25. Because stars of different mass can exhibit B-type spectra during the course of their evolution, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive picture of the star to unravel its nature and, thus, its mass. Methods To this end, we study the spectral energy distribution of LSV +22 25 and perform a quantitative spectroscopic analysis that includes the determination of chemical abundances for He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe. Results Our analysis clearly shows that LSV +22 25 is not an ordinary main sequence B-type star. The derived abundance pattern exhibits heavy imprints of the CNO bi-cycle of hydrogen burning, that is, He and N are strongly enriched at the expense of C and O. Moreover, the elements Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe are systematically underabundant when compared to normal main-sequence B-type stars. We suggest that LSV +22 25 is a stripped helium star and discuss two possible formation scenarios. Combining our photometric and spectroscopic results with the Gaia parallax, we infer a stellar mass of 1.1 +/- 0.5 M-circle dot. Based on the binary system's mass function, this yields a minimum mass of 2-3 M-circle dot for the compact companion, which implies that it may not necessarily be a black hole but a massive neutron- or main sequence star. Conclusions The star LSV +22 25 has become famous for possibly having a very massive black hole companion. However, a closer look reveals that the star itself is a very intriguing object. Further investigations are necessary for complete characterization of this object. KW - stars: abundances KW - stars: chemically peculiar KW - stars: early-type KW - pulsars: individual: LS V+22 25 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937343 SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 633 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Putra, Muhammad Panji Islam Fajar A1 - Pradhan, Prajal A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - A systematic analysis of Water-Energy-Food security nexus BT - a South Asian case study JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Most South Asian countries have challenges in ensuring water, energy, and food (WEF) security, which are often interacting positively or negatively. To address these challenges, the nexus approach provides a framework to identify the interactions of the WEF sectors as an integrated system. However, most nexus studies only qualitatively discuss the interactions between these sectors. This study conducts a systematic analysis of the WEF security nexus in South Asia by using open data sources at the country scale. We analyze interactions between the WEF sectors statistically, defining positive and negative correlations between the WEF security indicators as synergies and trade-offs, respectively. By creating networks of the synergies and trade-offs, we further identify most positively and negatively influencing indicators in the WEF security nexus. We observe a larger share of trade-offs than synergies within the water and energy sectors and a larger share of synergies than trade-offs among the WEF sectors for South Asia. However, these observations vary across the South Asian countries. Our analysis highlights that strategies on promoting sustainable energy and discouraging fossil fuel use could have overall positive effects on the WEF security nexus in the countries. This study provides evidence for considering the WEF security nexus as an integrated system rather than just a combination of three different sectors or securities. KW - water security KW - food security KW - energy security KW - network analysis KW - water-energy-food nexus KW - sustainable development Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138451 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 728 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Anderson, Patricia M. A1 - Lozhkin, Anatoly V. A1 - Bezrukova, Elena A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Rudaya, Natalia A1 - Stobbe, Astrid A1 - Wieczorek, Mareike A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - A taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized fossil pollen dataset from Siberia covering the last 40 kyr JF - Earth System Science Data N2 - Pollen records from Siberia are mostly absent in global or Northern Hemisphere synthesis works. Here we present a taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized pollen dataset that was synthesized using 173 palynological records from Siberia and adjacent areas (northeastern Asia, 42-75 degrees N, 50-180 degrees E). Pollen data were taxonomically harmonized, i.e. the original 437 taxa were assigned to 106 combined pollen taxa. Age-depth models for all records were revised by applying a constant Bayesian age-depth modelling routine. The pollen dataset is available as count data and percentage data in a table format (taxa vs. samples), with age information for each sample. The dataset has relatively few sites covering the last glacial period between 40 and 11.5 ka (calibrated thousands of years before 1950 CE) particularly from the central and western part of the study area. In the Holocene period, the dataset has many sites from most of the area, with the exception of the central part of Siberia. Of the 173 pollen records, 81 % of pollen counts were downloaded from open databases (GPD, EPD, PANGAEA) and 10 % were contributions by the original data gatherers, while a few were digitized from publications. Most of the pollen records originate from peatlands (48 %) and lake sediments (33 %). Most of the records (83 %) have >= 3 dates, allowing the establishment of reliable chronologies. The dataset can be used for various purposes, including pollen data mapping (example maps for Larix at selected time slices are shown) as well as quantitative climate and vegetation reconstructions. The datasets for pollen counts and pollen percentages are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898616 (Cao et al., 2019a), also including the site information, data source, original publication, dating data, and the plant functional type for each pollen taxa. KW - Late Quaternary vegetation KW - Holocene environmental history KW - eastern continental Asia KW - plant macrofossil data KW - late pleistocene KW - paleoenvironmental records KW - Verkhoyansk mountains KW - climate dynamics KW - glacial maximum KW - Northern Asia Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-119-2020 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 119 EP - 135 PB - Copernics Publications CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheibel, Willy A1 - Trapp, Matthias A1 - Limberger, Daniel A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - A taxonomy of treemap visualization techniques JF - Science and Technology Publications N2 - A treemap is a visualization that has been specifically designed to facilitate the exploration of tree-structured data and, more general, hierarchically structured data. The family of visualization techniques that use a visual metaphor for parent-child relationships based “on the property of containment” (Johnson, 1993) is commonly referred to as treemaps. However, as the number of variations of treemaps grows, it becomes increasingly important to distinguish clearly between techniques and their specific characteristics. This paper proposes to discern between Space-filling Treemap TS, Containment Treemap TC, Implicit Edge Representation Tree TIE, and Mapped Tree TMT for classification of hierarchy visualization techniques and highlights their respective properties. This taxonomy is created as a hyponymy, i.e., its classes have an is-a relationship to one another: TS TC TIE TMT. With this proposal, we intend to stimulate a discussion on a more unambiguous classification of treemaps and, furthermore, broaden what is understood by the concept of treemap itself. KW - Treemaps KW - Taxonomy Y1 - 2020 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacobs, Ingo A1 - Wollny, Anna A1 - Seidler, Juliana A1 - Wochatz, Germar T1 - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes JF - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology N2 - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed. KW - externalization KW - internalization KW - level of personality functioning KW - mentalization KW - psychological distress KW - schema modes KW - trait emotional KW - intelligence Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12670 SN - 0036-5564 SN - 1467-9450 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 227 EP - 236 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. A1 - Schmid, Rolf T1 - A tribute to Isao Karube (1942-2020) and his influence on sensor science JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica KW - Karube KW - Japan KW - biosensors KW - lifetime achievements Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02946-5 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 412 IS - 28 SP - 7709 EP - 7711 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durand, Virginie A1 - Bentz, Stephan A1 - Kwiatek, Grzegorz A1 - Dresen, Georg A1 - Wollin, Christopher A1 - Heidbach, Oliver A1 - Martinez-Garzon, Patricia A1 - Cotton, Fabrice A1 - Nurlu, Murat A1 - Bohnhoff, Marco T1 - A two-scale preparation phase preceded an M-w 5.8 earthquake in the sea of marmara offshore Istanbul, Turkey JF - Seismological research letters N2 - We analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity during a sequence of moderate (an M-w 4.7 foreshock and M-w 5.8 mainshock) earthquakes occurring in September 2019 at the transition between a creeping and a locked segment of the North Anatolian fault in the central Sea of Marmara, northwest Turkey. To investigate in detail the seismicity evolution, we apply a matched-filter technique to continuous waveforms, thus reducing the magnitude threshold for detection. Sequences of foreshocks preceding the two largest events are clearly seen, exhibiting two different behaviors: a long-term activation of the seismicity along the entire fault segment and a short-term concentration around the epicenters of the large events. We suggest a two-scale preparation phase, with aseismic slip preparing the mainshock final rupture a few days before, and a cascade mechanism leading to the nucleation of the mainshock. Thus, our study shows a combination of seismic and aseismic slip during the foreshock sequence changing the strength of the fault, bringing it closer to failure. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200110 SN - 0895-0695 SN - 1938-2057 VL - 91 IS - 6 SP - 3139 EP - 3147 CY - Boulder ER - TY - THES A1 - Mavrothalassiti, Eleni T1 - A.thaliana root and shoot single-cell transcriptomes and detection of mobile transcripts Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boekstegers, Felix A1 - Marcelain, Katherine A1 - Barahona Ponce, Carol A1 - Baez Benavides, Pablo F. A1 - Müller, Bettina A1 - de Toro, Gonzalo A1 - Retamales, Javier A1 - Barajas, Olga A1 - Ahumada, Monica A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira A1 - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo T1 - ABCB1/4 gallbladder cancer risk variants identified in India also show strong effects in Chileans JF - Cancer Epidemiology N2 - Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and in Europeans with a low GBC incidence. Methods: This population-based study analysed genotype data from retrospective Chilean case-control (255 cases, 2042 controls) and prospective European cohort (108 cases, 181 controls) samples consistently with the original publication. Results: Our results confirmed the reported associations for Chileans with similar risk effects. Particularly strong associations (per-allele odds ratios close to 2) were observed for Chileans with high Native American (=Mapuche) ancestry. No associations were noticed for Europeans, but the statistical power was low. Conclusion: Taking full advantage of genetic and ethnic differences in GBC risk may improve the efficiency of current prevention programs. KW - cancer epidemiology KW - gallbladder cancer KW - native American ancestry KW - population-specific risk marker Y1 - 2020 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brechenmacher, Thomas T1 - Abednego, der Pfandleiher BT - Fontanes Übersetzung einer fashionable novel als frühe Annäherung an die „jüdische Frage“ JF - Fontane-Blätter Y1 - 2020 UR - https://digital.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ubpfontane/periodical/pageview/482415 SN - 0015-6175 VL - 110 SP - 90 EP - 111 PB - Theodor-Fontane-Archiv CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo T1 - Ablösung von Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen JF - Die Öffentliche Verwaltung N2 - Das Jahr 2019 markiert nicht nur 100 Jahre Weimarer Reichsverfassung, sondern zugleich 100 Jahre Staatskirchenrecht sowie 100 Jahre des nicht erfüllten Verfassungsauftrags der Ablösung der Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen gem. Art. WRV Artikel 138 Abs. WRV Artikel 138 Absatz 1 WRV (I.). Im Folgenden sollen der genaue Inhalt dieses Auftrags geklärt (II.) und die Rechtsfolgen seiner möglichen Umsetzung beleuchtet werden (III.). Zudem ist zu untersuchen, ob sich aus diesem Verfassungsauftrag ein Verbot neuer Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften ergibt (IV.) und auf welche Weise dieser Auftrag ggf. verfassungsprozessual durchgesetzt werden kann (V.). Abschließend werden die Kernaussagen zusammengefasst (VI.). Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-DOEV-B-2020-S-624-N-1 SN - 0029-859X IS - 14 SP - 624 EP - 628 PB - Kohlhammer CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sajedi, Maryam A1 - Krivenkov, Maxim A1 - Marchenko, Dmitry A1 - Varykhalov, Andrei A1 - Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime A1 - Rienks, Emile D. L. A1 - Rader, Oliver T1 - Absence of a giant Rashba effect in the valence band of lead halide perovskites JF - Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics N2 - For hybrid organic-inorganic as well as all-inorganic lead halide perovskites a Rashba effect has been invoked to explain the high efficiency in energy conversion by prohibiting direct recombination. Both a bulk and surface Rashba effect have been predicted. In the valence band of methylammonium (MA) lead bromide a Rashba effect has been reported by angle-resolved photoemission and circular dichroism with giant values of 7-11 eV angstrom. We present band dispersion measurements of MAPbBr(3) and spin-resolved photoemission of CsPbBr3 to show that a large Rashba effect detectable by photoemission or circular dichroism does not exist and cannot be the origin of the high effciency. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.081116 SN - 2469-9950 SN - 2469-9969 VL - 102 IS - 8 PB - American Institute of Physics; American Physical Society (APS) CY - Woodbury, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laux, Eva-Maria A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Hoelzel, Ralph T1 - AC electrokinetic immobilization of organic dye molecules JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis N2 - The application of inhomogeneous AC electric fields for molecular immobilization is a very fast and simple method that does not require any adaptions to the molecule's functional groups or charges. Here, the method is applied to a completely new category of molecules: small organic fluorescence dyes, whose dimensions amount to only 1 nm or even less. The presented setup and the electric field parameters used allow immobilization of dye molecules on the whole electrode surface as opposed to pure dielectrophoretic applications, where molecules are attracted only to regions of high electric field gradients, i.e., to the electrode tips and edges. In addition to dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetic flow, molecular scale interactions and electrophoresis at short time scales are discussed as further mechanisms leading to migration and immobilization of the molecules. KW - AC electrokinetics KW - AC electrophoresis KW - Molecular dielectrophoresis KW - Interdigitated electrodes KW - Organic dyes Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02480-4 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 412 IS - 16 SP - 3859 EP - 3870 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pröve, Ralf ED - Tomovic, Jelena ED - Nicke, Sascha T1 - Achtsam Wissen schaffen BT - ein Plädoyer für mutiges und selbstbestimmtes Nachdenken JF - Un-Eindeutige Geschichte(n)?! Theorien und Methoden in den Kultur-/Geschichtswissenschaften Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86464-209-8 VL - 7 SP - 19 EP - 33 PB - trafo Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lang, Judith A1 - Bohn, Patrick A1 - Bhat, Hilal A1 - Jastrow, Holger A1 - Walkenfort, Bernd A1 - Cansiz, Feyza A1 - Fink, Julian A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Lang, Karl S. T1 - Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease JF - Nature Communications N2 - Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1(-/-) mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1(-/-) mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol. KW - immunology KW - infection KW - membrane fusion KW - phagocytosis KW - sphingolipids Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15072-8 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omane, Paul Okyere A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Acquiring syntactic variability BT - The production of Wh-questions in children and adults speaking Akan JF - Frontiers in communication N2 - This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children’s acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis. KW - Akan KW - wh-questions KW - wh-in-situ KW - wh-ex-situ KW - derivational complexity KW - language acquisition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951 SN - 2297-900X VL - 2021 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Kühne, Katharina A1 - Lo Presti, Sara A1 - Mencaraglia, Silvia A1 - Dalla Volta, Riccardo T1 - Action processing in the motor system BT - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities JF - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research N2 - In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words. Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200 ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500 ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs' suppression started as early as 150 ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500 ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities. KW - TMS KW - motor cortex KW - action observation KW - action language KW - motor KW - inhibition KW - motor-evoked potentials Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.105510 SN - 0278-2626 SN - 1090-2147 VL - 139 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Limanowski, Jakub A1 - Lopes, Pedro A1 - Keck, Janis A1 - Baudisch, Patrick A1 - Friston, Karl A1 - Blankenburg, Felix T1 - Action-dependent processing of touch in the human parietal operculum and posterior insula JF - Cerebral Cortex N2 - Somatosensory input generated by one's actions (i.e., self-initiated body movements) is generally attenuated. Conversely, externally caused somatosensory input is enhanced, for example, during active touch and the haptic exploration of objects. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to ask how the brain accomplishes this delicate weighting of self-generated versus externally caused somatosensory components. Finger movements were either self-generated by our participants or induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the same muscles. During half of the trials, electrotactile impulses were administered when the (actively or passively) moving finger reached a predefined flexion threshold. fMRI revealed an interaction effect in the contralateral posterior insular cortex (pIC), which responded more strongly to touch during self-generated than during FES-induced movements. A network analysis via dynamic causal modeling revealed that connectivity from the secondary somatosensory cortex via the pIC to the supplementary motor area was generally attenuated during self-generated relative to FES-induced movements-yet specifically enhanced by touch received during self-generated, but not FES-induced movements. Together, these results suggest a crucial role of the parietal operculum and the posterior insula in differentiating self-generated from externally caused somatosensory information received from one's moving limb. KW - active touch KW - dynamic causal modeling KW - insula KW - parietal operculum KW - somatosensation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz111 SN - 1047-3211 SN - 1460-2199 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 607 EP - 617 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Patzwald, Christiane T1 - Actions through the lens of communicative cues BT - the influence of verbal cues and emotional cues on action processing and action selection in the second year of life N2 - The PhD thesis entitled “Actions through the lens of communicative cues. The influence of verbal cues and emotional cues on action processing and action selection in the second year of life” is based on four studies, which examined the cognitive integration of another person’s communicative cues (i.e., verbal cues, emotional cues) with behavioral cues in 18- and 24-month-olds. In the context of social learning of instrumental actions, it was investigated how the intention-related coherence of either a verbally announced action intention or an emotionally signaled action evaluation with an action demonstration influenced infants’ neuro-cognitive processing (Study I) and selection (Studies II, III, IV) of a novel object-directed action. Developmental research has shown that infants benefit from another’s behavioral cues (e.g., action effect, persistency, selectivity) to infer the underlying goal or intention, respectively, of an observed action (e.g., Cannon & Woodward, 2012; Woodward, 1998). Particularly action effects support infants in distinguishing perceptual action features (e.g., target object identity, movement trajectory, final target object state) from conceptual action features such as goals and intentions. However, less is known about infants’ ability to cognitively integrate another’s behavioral cues with additional action-related communicative cues. There is some evidence showing that in the second year of life, infants selectively imitate a novel action that is verbally (“There!”) or emotionally (positive expression) marked as aligning with the model’s action intention over an action that is verbally (“Whoops!”) or emotionally (negative expression) marked as unintentional (Carpenter, Akhtar, & Tomasello, 1998; Olineck & Poulin-Dubois, 2005, 2009; Repacholi, 2009; Repacholi, Meltzoff, Toub, & Ruba, 2016). Yet, it is currently unclear which role the specific intention-related coherence of a communicative cue with a behavioral cue plays in infants’ action processing and action selection that is, whether the communicative cue confirms, contrasts, clarifies, or is unrelated to the behavioral cue. Notably, by using both verbal cues and emotional cues, we examined not only two domains of communicative cues but also two qualitatively distinct relations between behavioral cues on the one hand and communicative cues on the other hand. More specifically, a verbal cue has the potential to communicate an action intention in the absence of an action demonstration and thus a prior-intention (Searle, 1983), whereas an emotional cue evaluates an ongoing or past action demonstration and thus signals an intention-in-action (Searle, 1983). In a first research focus, this thesis examined infants’ capacity to cognitively integrate another’s intention-related communicative cues and behavioral cues, and also focused on the role of the social cues’ coherence in infants’ action processing and action selection. In a second research focus, and to gain more elaborate insights into how the sub-processes of social learning (attention, encoding, response; cf. Bandura, 1977) are involved in this coherence-sensitive integrative processing, we employed a multi-measures approach. More specifically, we used Electroencephalography (EEG) and looking times to examine how the cues’ coherence influenced the compound of attention and encoding, and imitation (including latencies to first-touch and first-action) to address the compound of encoding and response. Based on the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), we predicted that infants use extra-motor information (i.e., communicative cues) together with behavioral cues to reconstruct another’s action intention. Accordingly, we expected infants to possess a flexibly organized internal action hierarchy, which they adapt according to the cues’ coherence that is, according to what they inferred to be the overarching action goal. More specifically, in a social-learning situation that comprised an adult model, who demonstrated an action on a novel object that offered two actions, we expected the demonstrated action to lead infants’ action hierarchy when the communicative (i.e., verbal, emotional) cue conveyed similar (confirming coherence) or no additional (un-related coherence) intention-related information relative to the behavioral cue. In terms of action selection, this action hierarchy should become evident in a selective imitation of the demonstrated action. However, when the communicative cue questioned (contrasting coherence) the behaviorally implied action goal or was the only cue conveying meaningful intention-related information (clarifying coherence), the verbally/emotionally intended action should ascend infants’ action hierarchy. Consequently, infants’ action selection should align with the verbally/emotionally intended action (goal emulation). Notably, these predictions oppose the direct-matching perspective (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004), according to which the observation of another’s action directly resonates with the observer’s motor repertoire, with this motor resonance enabling the identification of the underlying action goal. Importantly, the direct-matching perspective predicts a rather inflexible action hierarchy inasmuch as the process of goal identification should solely rely on the behavioral cue, irrespective of the behavioral cue’s coherence with extra-motor intention-related information, as it may be conveyed via communicative cues. As to the role of verbal cues, Study I used EEG to examine the influence of a confirming (Congruent) versus contrasting (Incongruent) coherence of a verbal action intention with the same action demonstration on 18-month-olds’ conceptual action processing (as measured via mid-latency mean negative ERP amplitude) and motor activation (as measured via central mu-frequency band power). The action was demonstrated on a novel object that offered two action alternatives from a neutral position. We expected mid-latency ERP negativity to be enhanced in Incongruent compared to Congruent, because past EEG research has demonstrated enhanced conceptual processing for stimuli that mismatched rather than matched the semantic context (Friedrich & Friederici, 2010; Kaduk et al., 2016). Regarding motor activation, Csibra (2007) posited that the identification of a clear action goal constitutes a crucial basis for motor activation to occur. We therefore predicted reduced mu power (indicating enhanced motor activation) for Congruent than Incongruent, because in Congruent, the cues’ match provides unequivocal information about the model’s action goal, whereas in Incongruent, the conflict may render the model’s action goal more unclear. Unexpectedly, in the entire sample, 18-month-olds’ mid-latency ERP negativity during the observation of the same action demonstration did not differ significantly depending on whether this action was congruent or incongruent with the model’s verbal action intention. Yet, post hoc analyses revealed the presence of two subgroups of infants, each of which exhibited significantly different mid-latency ERP negativity for Congruent versus Incongruent, but in opposing directions. The subgroups differed in their productive action-related language skills, with the linguistically more advanced infants exhibiting the expected response pattern of enhanced ERP mean negativity in Incongruent than Congruent, indicating enhanced conceptual processing of an action demonstration that was contrasted rather than confirmed by the verbal action context. As expected, central mu power in the entire sample was reduced in Congruent relative to Incongruent, indicating enhanced motor activation when the action demonstration was preceded by a confirming relative to a contrasting verbal action intention. This finding may indicate the covert preparation for a preferential imitation of the congruent relative to the incongruent action (Filippi et al., 2016; Frey & Gerry, 2006). Overall, these findings are in line with the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), because they suggest a coherence-sensitive attention to and encoding of the same perceptual features of another’s behavior and thus a cognitive integration of intention-related verbal cues and behavioral cues. Yet, because the subgroup constellation in infants’ ERPs was only discovered post hoc, future research is clearly required to substantiate this finding. Also, future research should validate our interpretation that enhanced motor activation may reflect an electrophysiological marker of subsequent imitation by employing EEG and imitation in a within-subjects design. Study II built on Study I by investigating the impact of coherence of a verbal cue and a behavioral cue on 18- and 24-month-olds’ action selection in an imitation study. When infants of both age groups observed a confirming (Congruent) or unrelated (Pseudo-word: action demonstration was associated with novel verb-like cue) coherence, they selectively imitated the demonstrated action over the not demonstrated, alternative action, with no difference between these two conditions. These findings suggest that, as expected, infants’ action hierarchy was led by the demonstrated action when the verbal cue provided similar (Congruent) or no additional (Pseudo-word) intention-related information relative to a meaningful behavioral cue. These findings support the above-mentioned interpretation that enhanced motor activation during action observation may reflect a covert preparation for imitation (Study I). Interestingly, infants did not seem to benefit from the intention-highlighting effect of the verbal cue in Congruent, suggesting that the verbal cue had an unspecific (e.g., attention-guiding) effect on infants’ action selection. Contrary, when infants observed a contrasting (Incongruent) or clarifying (Failed-attempt: model failed to manipulate the object but verbally announced a certain action intention) coherence, their action selection varied with age and also varied across the course of the experiment (block 1 vs. block 2). More specifically, the 24-month-olds made stronger use of the verbal cue for their action selection in block 1 than did the 18-month-olds. However, while the 18-month-olds’ use of the verbal cue increased across blocks, particularly in Incongruent, the 24-month-olds’ use of the verbal cue decreased across blocks. Overall, these results suggest that, as expected, infants’ action hierarchy in Incongruent (both age groups) and Failed-attempt (only 24-month-olds) drew on the verbal action intention, because in both age groups, infants emulated the verbal intention about as often as they imitated the demonstrated action or even emulated the verbal action intention preferentially. Yet, these findings were confined to certain blocks. It may be argued that the younger age group had a harder time inferring and emulating the intended, yet never observed action, because this requirement is more demanding in cognitive and motor terms. These demands may explain why the 18-month-olds needed some time to take account of the verbal action intention. Contrary, it seems that the 24-month-olds, although demonstrating their principle capacity to take account of the verbal cue in block 1, lost trust in the model’s verbal cue, maybe because the verbal cue did not have predictive value for the model’s actual behavior. Supporting this interpretation, research on selective trust has demonstrated that already infants evaluate another’s reliability or competence, respectively, based on how that model handles familiar objects (behavioral reliability) or labels familiar objects (verbal reliability; for reviews, see Mills, 2013; Poulin-Dubois & Brosseau-Liard, 2016). Relatedly, imitation research has demonstrated that the interpersonal aspects of a social-learning situation gain increasing relevance for infants during the second year of life (Gellén & Buttelmann, 2019; Matheson, Moore, & Akhtar, 2013; Uzgiris, 1981). It may thus be argued that when the 24-month-olds were repeatedly faced with a verbally unreliable model, they de-evaluated the verbal cue as signaling the model’s action intention and instead relied more heavily on alternative cues such as the behavioral cue (Incongruent) or the action context (e.g., object affordances, salience; Failed-attempt). Infants’ first-action latencies were higher in Incongruent and Failed-attempt than in both Congruent and Pseudo-word, and were also higher in Failed-attempt than in Incongruent. These latency-findings thus indicate that situations involving a meaningful verbal cue that deviated from the behavioral cue are cognitively more demanding, resulting in a delayed initiation of a behavioral response. In sum, the findings of Study II suggest that both age groups were highly flexible in their integration of a verbal cue and behavioral cue. Moreover, our results do not indicate a general superiority of either cue. Instead, it seems to depend on the informational gain conveyed by the verbal cue whether it exerts a specific, intention-highlighting effect (Incongruent, Failed-attempt) or an unspecific (e.g., attention-guiding) effect (Congruent, Pseudo-word). Studies III and IV investigated the impact of another’s action-related emotional cues on 18-month-olds’ action selection. In Study III, infants observed a model, who demonstrated two actions on a novel object in direct succession, and who combined one of the two actions with a positive (happy) emotional expression and the other action with a negative (sad) emotional expression. As expected, infants imitated the positively emoted (PE) action more often than the negatively emoted (NE) action. This preference arose from an increase in infants’ readiness to perform the PE action from the baseline period (prior to the action demonstrations) to the test period (following the action demonstrations), rather than from a decrease in readiness to the perform the NE action. The positive cue thus had a stronger behavior-regulating effect than the negative cue. Notably, infants’ more general object-directed behavior in terms of first-touch latencies remained unaffected by the emotional cues’ valence, indicating that infants had linked the emotional cues specifically to the corresponding action and not the object as a whole (Repacholi, 2009). Also, infants’ looking times during the action demonstration did not differ significantly as a function of emotional valence and were characterized by a predominant attentional focus to the action/object rather than to the model’s face. Together with the findings on infants’ first-touch latencies, these results indicate a sensitivity for the notion that emotions can have very specific referents (referential specificity; Martin, Maza, McGrath, & Phelps, 2014). Together, Study III provided evidence for selective imitation based on another’s intention-related (particularly positive) emotional cues in an action-selection task, and thus indicates that infants’ action hierarchy flexibly responds to another’s emotional evaluation of observed actions. According to Repacholi (2009), we suggest that infants used the model’s emotional evaluation to re-appraise the corresponding action (effect), for instance in terms of desirability. Study IV followed up on Study III by investigating the role of the negative emotional cue for infants’ action selection in more detail. Specifically, we investigated whether a contrasting (negative) emotional cue alone would be sufficient to differentially rank the two actions along infants’ action hierarchy or whether instead infants require direct information about the model’s action intention (in the form of a confirming action-emotion pair) to align their action selection with the emotional cues. Also, we examined whether the absence of a direct behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue in Study III was due to the negative cue itself or to the concurrently available positive cue masking the negative cue’s potential effect. To this end, we split the demonstration of the two action-emotion pairs across two trials. In each trial, one action was thus demonstrated and emoted (PE, NE action), and one action was not demonstrated and un-emoted (UE action). For trial 1, we predicted that infants, who observed a PE action demonstration, would selectively imitate the PE action, whereas infants, who observed a NE action demonstration would selectively emulate the UE action. As to trial 2, we expected the complementary action-emotion pair to provide additional clarifying information as the model’s emotional evaluation of both actions, which should either lead to adaptive perseveration (if infants’ action selection in trial 1 had already drawn on the emotional cue) or adaptive change (if infants’ action selection in trial 1 signaled a disregard of the emotional cue). As to trial 1, our findings revealed that, as expected, infants imitated the PE action more often than they emulated the UE action. Like in Study III, this selectivity arose from an increase in infants’ propensity to perform the PE action from baseline to trial 1. Also like in Study III, infants performed the NE action about equally often in baseline and trial 1, which speaks against a direct behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue also when presented in isolation. However, after a NE action demonstration, infants emulated the UE action more often in trial 1 than in baseline, suggesting an indirect behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue. Yet, this indirect effect did not yield a selective emulation of the UE action, because infants performed both action alternatives about equally often in trial 1. Unexpectedly, infants’ action selection in trial 2 was unaffected by the emotional cue. Instead, infants perseverated their action selection of trial 1 in trial 2, irrespective of whether it was adaptive or non-adaptive with respect to the model’s emotional evaluation of the action. It seems that infants changed their strategy across trials, from an initial adherence to the emotional (particularly positive) cue, towards bringing about a salient action effect (Marcovich & Zelazo, 2009). In sum, Studies III and IV indicate a dynamic interplay of different action-selection strategies, depending on valence and presentation order. Apparently, at least in infancy, action reconstruction as one basis for selective action performance reaches its limits when infants can only draw on indirect intention-related information (i.e., which action should be avoided). Overall, our findings favor the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), according to which actions are flexibly organized along a hierarchy, depending on inferential processes based on extra-motor intention-related information. At the same time, the findings question the direct-matching hypothesis (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004), according to which the identification (and pursuit) of action goals hinges on a direct simulation of another’s behavioral cues. Based on the studies’ findings, a preliminary working model is introduced, which seeks to integrate the two theoretical accounts by conceptualizing the routes that activation induced by social cues may take to eventually influence an infant’s action selection. Our findings indicate that it is useful to strive a differentiated conceptualization of communicative cues, because they seem to operate at different places within the process of cue integration, depending on their potential to convey direct intention-related information. Moreover, we suggest that there is bidirectional exchange within each compound of adjacent sub-processes (i.e., between attention and encoding, and encoding and response), and between the compounds. Hence, our findings highlight the benefits of a multi-measures approach when studying the development of infants’ social-cognitive abilities, because it provides a more comprehensive picture how the concerted use of social cues from different domains influences infants’ processing and selection of instrumental actions. Finally, this thesis points to potential future directions to substantiate our current interpretation of the findings.. Moreover, an extension to additional kinds of coherence is suggested to get closer to infants’ everyday-world of experience. KW - infancy KW - social cognition KW - action processing KW - emotions KW - language KW - imitation KW - EEG Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gholiagha, Sassan A1 - Holzscheiter, Anna A1 - Liese, Andrea T1 - Activating norm collisions BT - interface conflicts in international drug control JF - Global constitutionalism N2 - This article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue’s interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open – which we term activation – depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts. KW - norm collisions KW - contestation KW - discourse KW - agency KW - international KW - drug control Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000388 SN - 2045-3817 SN - 2045-3825 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 290 EP - 317 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Khajooei, Mina A1 - Nair, Alexandra A1 - Heikkila, Mika A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Tilman, Engel A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Activities of hip muscles in response to perturbed walking in individual with chronic ankle instability T2 - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE N2 - Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is not only an ankle issue, but also affects sensorimotor system. People with CAI show altered muscle activation in proximal joints such as hip and knee. However, evidence is limited as controversial results have been presented regarding changes in activation of hip muscles in CAI population. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of CAI on activity of hip muscles during normal walking and walking with perturbations. METHODS: 8 subjects with CAI (23 ± 2 years, 171 ± 7 cm and 65 ± 4 kg) and 8 controls (CON) matched by age, height, weight and dominant leg (25 ± 3 years, 172 ± 7 cm and 65 ± 6 kg) walked shoed on a split-belt treadmill (1 m/s). Subjects performed 5 minutes of baseline walking and 6 minutes walking with 10 perturbations (at 200 ms after heel contact with 42 m/s2 deceleration impulse) on each side. Electromyography signals from gluteus medius (Gmed) and gluteus maximus (Gmax) were recorded while walking. Muscle amplitudes (Root Mean Square normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction) were calculated at 200 ms before heel contact (Pre200), 100 ms after heel contact (Post100) during normal walking and 200 ms after perturbations (Pert200). Differences between groups were examined using Mann Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing (adjust α level p≤ 0.0125). RESULT: In Gmed, CAI group showed lower muscle amplitude than CON group after heel contact (Post100: 18±7 % and 47±21 %, p< .01) and after walking perturbations ( 31±13 % and 62±26 %, p< .01), but not before heel contact (Pre200: 5±2 % and 11±10 %, p= 0.195). In Gmax, no difference was found between CAI and CON groups in all three time points (Pre200: 12±5 % and 17±12 %, p= 0.574; Post100: 41±21 % and 41±13 %, p= 1.00; Pert200: 79±46 % and 62±35 %, p= 0.505). CONCLUSION: People with CAI activated Gmed less than healthy control in feedback mechanism (after heel contact and walking with perturbations), but not in feedforward mechanism (before heel contact). Less activation on Gmed may affect the balance in frontal plane and increase the risk of recurrent ankle sprain, giving way or feeling ankle instability in patients with CAI during walking. Future studies should investigate the effect of Gmed strengthening or neuromuscular training on CAI rehabilitation. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000671060.98581.0b SN - 0195-9131 SN - 1530-0315 VL - 52 IS - 17 SP - 94 EP - 94 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balk, Maria A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Actuators based on oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] with accelerated hydrolytic degradation JF - MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS) N2 - Polyester-based shape-memory polymer actuators are multifunctional materials providing reversible macroscopic shape shifts as well as hydrolytic degradability. Here, the function-function interdependencies (between shape shifts and degradation behaviour) will determine actuation performance and its life time. In this work, glycolide units were incorporated in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) based actuator materials in order to achieve an accelerated hydrolytic degradation and to explore the function-function relationship. Three different oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] copolymers (OCGs) with similar molecular weights (10.5 +/- 0.5 kg center dot mol(-1)) including a glycolide content of 8, 16, and 26 mol% (ratio 1:1:1 wt%) terminated with methacrylated moieties were crosslinked. The obtained actuators provided a broad melting transition in the range from 27 to 44 degrees C. The hydrolytic degradation of programmed OCG actuators (200% of elongation) resulted in a reduction of sample mass to 51 wt% within 21 days at pH = 7.4 and 40 degrees C. Degradation results in a decrease of T-m associated to the actuating units and increasing T-m associated to the skeleton forming units. The actuation capability decreased almost linear as function of time. After 11 days of hydrolytic degradation the shape-memory functionality was lost. Accordingly, a fast degradation behaviour as required, e.g., for actuator materials intended as implant material can be realized. KW - actuation KW - shape memory KW - polymer KW - crystalline Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.447 SN - 2059-8521 VL - 5 IS - 12-13 SP - 655 EP - 666 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Adaptable knowledge-driven information systems improving knowledge transfers BT - design of context-sensitive, AR-enabled furniture assemblies T2 - Business modeling and software design : 10th International Symposium, BMSD 2020, Berlin, Germany, July 6-8, 2020, Proceedings N2 - A growing number of business processes can be characterized as knowledge-intensive. The ability to speed up the transfer of knowledge between any kind of knowledge carriers in business processes with AR techniques can lead to a huge competitive advantage, for instance in manufacturing. This includes the transfer of person-bound knowledge as well as externalized knowledge of physical and virtual objects. The contribution builds on a time-dependent knowledge transfer model and conceptualizes an adaptable, AR-based application. Having the intention to accelerate the speed of knowledge transfers between a manufacturer and an information system, empirical results of an experimentation show the validity of this approach. For the first time, it will be possible to discover how to improve the transfer among knowledge carriers of an organization with knowledge-driven information systems (KDIS). Within an experiment setting, the paper shows how to improve the quantitative effects regarding the quality and amount of time needed for an example manufacturing process realization by an adaptable KDIS. KW - augmented reality KW - knowledge transfers KW - empirical studies KW - context-aware computing KW - adaptable software systems KW - business process improvement Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-52305-3 SN - 978-3-030-52306-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_13 VL - 391 SP - 202 EP - 220 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Kiefer, Falk A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Endrass, Tanja A1 - Beste, Christian A1 - Beck, Anne A1 - Liu, Shuyan A1 - Genauck, Alexander A1 - Romund, Lydia A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Tost, Heike A1 - Spanagel, Rainer T1 - Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions JF - Addiction Biology N2 - One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake. KW - addiction KW - alternative rewards KW - animal and computational models KW - cognitive-behavioral control KW - craving and relapse KW - habit formation Y1 - 2019 VL - 25 IS - 2 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Addition of Heteroatom Radicals to endo-Glycals JF - Chemistry N2 - Radical reactions have found many applications in carbohydrate chemistry, especially in the construction of carbon–carbon bonds. The formation of carbon–heteroatom bonds has been less intensively studied. This mini-review will summarize the efforts to add heteroatom radicals to unsaturated carbohydrates like endo-glycals. Starting from early examples, developed more than 50 years ago, the importance of such reactions for carbohydrate chemistry and recent applications will be discussed. After a short introduction, the mini-review is divided in sub-chapters according to the heteroatoms halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The mechanisms of radical generation by chemical or photochemical processes and the subsequent reactions of the radicals at the 1-position will be discussed. This mini-review cannot cover all aspects of heteroatom-centered radicals in carbohydrate chemistry, but should provide an overview of the various strategies and future perspectives KW - radicals KW - carbohydrates KW - heteroatoms KW - synthesis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry2010008 SN - 2624-8549 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 80 EP - 92 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smirnov, Artem G. A1 - Kronberg, Elena A. A1 - Daly, Patrick W. A1 - Aseev, Nikita A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. A1 - Kellerman, Adam C. T1 - Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long-Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics N2 - The Cluster mission has produced a large data set of electron flux measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere since its launch in late 2000. Electron fluxes are measured using Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) detector as a function of energy, pitch angle, spacecraft position, and time. However, no adiabatic invariants have been calculated for Cluster so far. In this paper we present a step-by-step guide to calculations of adiabatic invariants and conversion of the electron flux to phase space density (PSD) in these coordinates. The electron flux is measured in two RAPID/IES energy channels providing pitch angle distribution at energies 39.2-50.5 and 68.1-94.5 keV in nominal mode since 2004. A fitting method allows to expand the conversion of the differential fluxes to the range from 40 to 150 keV. Best data coverage for phase space density in adiabatic invariant coordinates can be obtained for values of second adiabatic invariant, K, similar to 10(2), and values of the first adiabatic invariant mu in the range approximate to 5-20 MeV/G. Furthermore, we describe the production of a new data product "LSTAR," equivalent to the third adiabatic invariant, available through the Cluster Science Archive for years 2001-2018 with 1-min resolution. The produced data set adds to the availability of observations in Earth's radiation belts region and can be used for long-term statistical purposes. KW - L-Asterisk KW - magnetosphere KW - electrons KW - model Y1 - 2019 VL - 125 IS - 2 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - Adolescents’ Cyber Victimization BT - The Influence of Technologies, Gender, and Gender Stereotype Traits JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender and gender stereotype traits (masculinity, femininity) in cyber victimization behaviors (cyber relational victimization, cyber verbal victimization, hacking) through different technologies (mobile phones, gaming consoles, social networking sites). There were 456 8th graders (226 females; M age = 13.66, SD = 0.41) from two midwestern middle schools in the United States included in this study. They completed questionnaires on their endorsement of masculine and feminine traits, and self-reported cyber victimization through different technologies. The findings revealed main effects of types of cyber victimization for boys and of technology for girls. In particular, boys with feminine traits experienced the most victimization by cyber verbal aggression, cyber relational aggression, and hacking when compared to the other groups of boys. Girls with feminine traits experienced the most cyber victimization through social networking sites, gaming consoles, and mobile phones in comparison to the other groups of girls. For girls with feminine traits, they reported more cyber relational victimization and cyber verbal victimization through mobile phones and social networking sites, as well as more hacking via social networking sites. Such findings underscore the importance of considering gender stereotype traits, types of victimization, and technologies when examining cyber victimization. KW - gender KW - gender stereotype trait KW - cyber victimization KW - technology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041293 SN - 1660-4601 SN - 1661-7827 VL - 17 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Huang, Zheng T1 - Adolescents’ Popularity-Motivated Aggression and Prosocial Behaviors: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Social Status Insecurity JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - As competition over peer status becomes intense during adolescence, some adolescents develop insecure feelings regarding their social standing among their peers (i.e., social status insecurity). These adolescents sometimes use aggression to defend or promote their status. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among social status insecurity, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and popularity-motivated aggression and prosocial behaviors among adolescents, while controlling for gender. Another purpose was to examine the potential moderating role of CU traits in these relationships. Participants were 1,047 (49.2% girls; Mage = 12.44 years; age range from 11 to 14 years) in the 7th or 8th grades from a large Midwestern city. They completed questionnaires on social status insecurity, CU traits, and popularity-motivated relational aggression, physical aggression, cyberaggression, and prosocial behaviors. A structural regression model was conducted, with gender as a covariate. The model had adequate fit. Social status insecurity was associated positively with callousness, unemotional, and popularity-motivated aggression and related negatively to popularity-motivated prosocial behaviors. High social status insecurity was related to greater popularity-motivated aggression when adolescents had high callousness traits. The findings have implications for understanding the individual characteristics associated with social status insecurity. KW - social status insecurity KW - callousness KW - unemotional KW - uncaring KW - callous-unemotional traits KW - aggression KW - cyberaggression KW - prosocial Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606865 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Umlandt, Maren A1 - Feldmann, David A1 - Schneck, Emanuel A1 - Santer, Svetlana A1 - Bekir, Marek T1 - Adsorption of photoresponsive surfactants at solid-liquid interfaces JF - Langmuir N2 - We report on the adsorption kinetics of azoben-zene-containing surfactants on solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity. The understanding of this processes is of great importance for many interfacial phenomena that can be actuated and triggered by light, since the surfactant molecules contain a photoresponsive azobenzene group in their hydrophobic tail. Three surfactant types are studied, differing in the spacer connecting the headgroup and the azobenzene unit by between 6 and 10 CH2 groups. Under irradiation with light of a suitable wavelength, the azobenzene undergoes reversible photoisomerization between two states, a nonpolar trans-state and a highly polar cis-state. Consequently, the surfactant molecule changes its hydrophobicity and thus affinity to a surface depending on the photoisomerization state of the azobenzene. The adsorption behavior on hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (TeflonAF) surfaces is analyzed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and zeta-potential measurements. At equilibrium, the adsorbed surfactant amount is almost twice as large on glass compared to TeflonAF for both isomers. The adsorption rate for the trans-isomers on both surfaces is similar, but the desorption rate of the trans-isomers is faster at the glass-water interface than at the Teflon-water interface. This result demonstrates that the trans-isomers have higher affinity for the glass surface, so the trans-to-cis ratios on glass and TeflonAF are 80/1 and 2/1, respectively, with similar trends for all three surfactant types. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02545 SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 36 IS - 46 SP - 14009 EP - 14018 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Paciornik, Sidnei A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Advanced deep learning-based 3D microstructural characterization of multiphase metal matrix composites JF - Advanced engineering materials N2 - The quantitative analysis of microstructural features is a key to understanding the micromechanical behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs), which is a premise for their use in practice. Herein, a 3D microstructural characterization of a five-phase MMC is performed by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). A workflow for advanced deep learning-based segmentation of all individual phases in SXCT data is shown using a fully convolutional neural network with U-net architecture. High segmentation accuracy is achieved with a small amount of training data. This enables extracting unprecedently precise microstructural parameters (e.g., volume fractions and particle shapes) to be input, e.g., in micromechanical models. KW - computed tomography KW - convolutional neural networks KW - deep learning KW - metal KW - matrix composites KW - segmentations Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901197 SN - 1438-1656 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 22 IS - 4 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramachandran, Srikanthan A1 - Rupakheti, Maheswar A1 - Lawrence, Mark T1 - Aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate decreases over South and East Asia as a result of changing content and composition JF - Scientific reports N2 - Aerosol emissions from human activities are extensive and changing rapidly over Asia. Model simulations and satellite observations indicate a dipole pattern in aerosol emissions and loading between South Asia and East Asia, two of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. We examine the previously unexplored diverging trends in the existing dipole pattern of aerosols between East and South Asia using the high quality, two-decade long ground-based time series of observations of aerosol properties from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), from satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)), and from model simulations (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The data cover the period since 2001 for Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia), two locations taken as being broadly representative of the respective regions. Since 2010 a dipole in aerosol optical depth (AOD) is maintained, but the trend is reversed-the decrease in AOD over Beijing (East Asia) is rapid since 2010, being 17% less in current decade compared to first decade of twenty-first century, while the AOD over South Asia increased by 12% during the same period. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol composition is also changing over time. The single scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of aerosol's absorption capacity and related to aerosol composition, is slightly higher over Beijing than Kanpur, and has increased from 0.91 in 2002 to 0.93 in 2017 over Beijing and from 0.89 to 0.92 during the same period over Kanpur, confirming that aerosols in this region have on an average become more scattering in nature. These changes have led to a notable decrease in aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate (HR) over both regions between the two decades, decreasing considerably more over East Asia (- 31%) than over South Asia (- 9%). The annual mean HR is lower now, it is still large (>= 0.6 K per day), which has significant climate implications. The seasonal trends in AOD, SSA and HR are more pronounced than their respective annual trends over both regions. The seasonal trends are caused mainly by the increase/decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions (sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon) while the natural aerosols (dust and sea salt) did not change significantly over South and East Asia during the last two decades. The MERRA-2 model is able to simulate the observed trends in AODs well but not the magnitude, while it also did not simulate the SSA values or trends well. These robust findings based on observations of key aerosol parameters and previously unrecognized diverging trends over South and East Asia need to be accounted for in current state-of-the-art climate models to ensure accurate quantification of the complex and evolving impact of aerosols on the regional climate over Asia. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76936-z SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - [London] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Timme, Sinika A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Affect and exertion during incremental physical exercise: Examining changes using automated facial action analysis and experiential self-report JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Recent research indicates that affective responses during exercise are an important determinant of future exercise and physical activity. Thus far these responses have been measured with standardized self-report scales, but this study used biometric software for automated facial action analysis to analyze the changes that occur during physical exercise. A sample of 132 young, healthy individuals performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. During that test the participants’ faces were video-recorded and the changes were algorithmically analyzed at frame rate (30 fps). Perceived exertion and affective valence were measured every two minutes with established psychometric scales. Taking into account anticipated inter-individual variability, multilevel regression analysis was used to model how affective valence and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) covaried with movement in 20 facial action areas. We found the expected quadratic decline in self-reported affective valence (more negative) as exercise intensity increased. Repeated measures correlation showed that the facial action mouth open was linked to changes in (highly intercorrelated) affective valence and RPE. Multilevel trend analyses were calculated to investigate whether facial actions were typically linked to either affective valence or RPE. These analyses showed that mouth open and jaw drop predicted RPE, whereas (additional) nose wrinkle was indicative for the decline in affective valence. Our results contribute to the view that negative affect, escalating with increasing exercise intensity, may be the body’s essential warning signal that physiological overload is imminent. We conclude that automated facial action analysis provides new options for researchers investigating feelings during exercise. In addition, our findings offer physical educators and coaches a new way of monitoring the affective state of exercisers, without interrupting and asking them. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228739 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulahcioglu, Tugba A1 - Melo, Gerard de T1 - Affect-aware word clouds JF - ACM transactions on interactive intelligent systems N2 - Word clouds are widely used for non-analytic purposes, such as introducing a topic to students, or creating a gift with personally meaningful text. Surveys show that users prefer tools that yield word clouds with a stronger emotional impact. Fonts and color palettes are powerful typographical signals that may determine this impact. Typically, these signals are assigned randomly, or expected to be chosen by the users. We present an affect-aware font and color palette selection methodology that aims to facilitate more informed choices. We infer associations of fonts with a set of eight affects, and evaluate the resulting data in a series of user studies both on individual words as well as in word clouds. Relying on a recent study to procure affective color palettes, we carry out a similar user study to understand the impact of color choices on word clouds. Our findings suggest that both fonts and color palettes are powerful tools contributing to the affects evoked by a word cloud. The experiments further confirm that the novel datasets we propose are successful in enabling this. We also find that, for the majority of the affects, both signals need to be congruent to create a stronger impact. Based on this data, we implement a prototype that allows users to specify a desired affect and recommends congruent fonts and color palettes for the word. KW - affective interfaces KW - word clouds KW - typography KW - color palettes Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3370928 SN - 2160-6455 SN - 2160-6463 VL - 10 IS - 4 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Angerer, Marie-Luise ED - Angerer, Marie-Luise T1 - Affective milieus, intensive couplings BT - Nonconsciousness T3 - Affective Transformations Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-95796-165-5 SP - 87 EP - 100 PB - meson press CY - Lüneburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garbuno-Inigo, Alfredo A1 - Nüsken, Nikolas A1 - Reich, Sebastian T1 - Affine invariant interacting Langevin dynamics for Bayesian inference JF - SIAM journal on applied dynamical systems N2 - We propose a computational method (with acronym ALDI) for sampling from a given target distribution based on first-order (overdamped) Langevin dynamics which satisfies the property of affine invariance. The central idea of ALDI is to run an ensemble of particles with their empirical covariance serving as a preconditioner for their underlying Langevin dynamics. ALDI does not require taking the inverse or square root of the empirical covariance matrix, which enables application to high-dimensional sampling problems. The theoretical properties of ALDI are studied in terms of nondegeneracy and ergodicity. Furthermore, we study its connections to diffusion on Riemannian manifolds and Wasserstein gradient flows. Bayesian inference serves as a main application area for ALDI. In case of a forward problem with additive Gaussian measurement errors, ALDI allows for a gradient-free approximation in the spirit of the ensemble Kalman filter. A computational comparison between gradient-free and gradient-based ALDI is provided for a PDE constrained Bayesian inverse problem. KW - Langevin dynamics KW - interacting particle systems KW - Bayesian inference KW - gradient flow KW - multiplicative noise KW - affine invariance KW - gradient-free Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1137/19M1304891 SN - 1536-0040 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 1633 EP - 1658 PB - Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schenck, Marcia C. T1 - Africa’s forgotten refugee convention Africa is a Country T2 - Histories of Refuge - Geschichten der Zuflucht Y1 - 2020 UR - https://africasacountry.com/2020/11/africas-forgotten-refugee-convention PB - Forum Transregionale Studien eV CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Rolf T1 - Aktuelle deutsche Rechtsprechung zur EuErbVO JF - Zeitschrift für Erbrecht und Vermögensnachfolge N2 - Mit der Erbrechtsverordnung (EuErbVO) hat der Europäische Gesetzgeber in vielerlei Hinsicht juristisches Neuland betreten. Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, dass die Instanzgerichte immer wieder mit der Auslegung dieser facettenreichen Verordnung befasst sind. Nachdem nunmehr bereits die erste Entscheidung des BGH zur EuErbVO vorliegt, gibt der folgende Beitrag einen Überblick über die aktuelle deutsche Rechtsprechung zu dieser Verordnung (einschließlich des IntErbRVG). Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-ZEV-B-2020-S-204-N-1 SN - 0945-4969 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 204 EP - 209 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Rolf T1 - Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen JF - Neue juristische Wochenschrift N2 - Anknüpfend an den letztjährigen Bericht des Autors (Wagner NJW 2019, NJW Jahr 2019 Seite 1782) informiert dieser Beitrag die Praxis über die jüngsten rechtsvereinheitlichenden Arbeiten in Brüssel in der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen sowie über den Stand der deutschen „Begleitgesetzgebung“. Darüber hinaus wird die aktuelle Rechtsprechung des EuGH zur justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen vorgestellt. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NJW-B-2020-S-1864-N-1 SN - 0341-1915 VL - 73 IS - 26 SP - 1864 EP - 1870 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER -