TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eckert, Silvia
A1  - Herden, Jasmin
A1  - Stift, Marc
A1  - Durka, Walter
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
T1  - Traces of genetic but not epigenetic adaptation in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis despite the absence of population structure
JF  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1271 
KW  - AFLP
KW  - MSAP
KW  - cytosine methylation
KW  - spatial autocorrelation
KW  - genome scan
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566758
SN  - 1866-8372
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eckert, Silvia
A1  - Herden, Jasmin
A1  - Stift, Marc
A1  - Durka, Walter
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin
T1  - Traces of genetic but not epigenetic adaptation in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis despite the absence of population structure
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
KW  - AFLP
KW  - MSAP
KW  - cytosine methylation
KW  - spatial autocorrelation
KW  - genome scan
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.856453
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Taylor, Amanda
A1  - Stein, Anke
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Pyšek, Petr
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Wieringa, Jan J.
A1  - Krestov, Pavel
A1  - Kreft, Holger
T1  - Source pools and disharmony of the world’s island floras
JF  - Ecography
N2  - Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function of four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation in representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony.
KW  - assembly processes
KW  - biotic filtering
KW  - dispersal filtering
KW  - environmental filtering
KW  - generalized dissimilarity modelling
KW  - island disharmony
KW  - island syndromes
KW  - source regions
KW  - vascular plants
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Taylor, Amanda
A1  - Stein, Anke
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Pyšek, Petr
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Wieringa, Jan J.
A1  - Krestov, Pavel
A1  - Kreft, Holger
T1  - Source pools and disharmony of the world’s island floras
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function of four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation in representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1211 
KW  - assembly processes
KW  - biotic filtering
KW  - dispersal filtering
KW  - environmental filtering
KW  - generalized dissimilarity modelling
KW  - island disharmony
KW  - island syndromes
KW  - source regions
KW  - vascular plants
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525101
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pyšek, Petr
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Lenzner, Bernd
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Kreft, Holger
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Kartesz, John
A1  - Nishino, Misako
A1  - Antonova, Liubov A.
A1  - Barcelona, Julie F.
A1  - Cabezas, Francisco José
A1  - Cárdenas López, Dairon
A1  - Cárdenas-Toro, Juliana
A1  - Castańo, Nicolás
A1  - Chacón, Eduardo
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Dullinger, Stefan
A1  - Ebel, Aleksandr L.
A1  - Figueiredo, Estrela
A1  - Fuentes, Nicol
A1  - Genovesi, Piero
A1  - Groom, Quentin J.
A1  - Henderson, Lesley
A1  - Inderjit, 
A1  - Kupriyanov, Andrey
A1  - Masciadri, Silvana
A1  - Maurel, Noëlie
A1  - Meerman, Jan
A1  - Morozova, Olʹga V.
A1  - Moser, Dietmar
A1  - Nickrent, Daniel
A1  - Nowak, Pauline M.
A1  - Pagad, Shyama
A1  - Patzelt, Annette
A1  - Pelser, Pieter B.
A1  - Seebens, Hanno
A1  - Shu, Wen-sheng
A1  - Thomas, Jacob
A1  - Velayos, Mauricio
A1  - Weber, Ewald
A1  - Wieringa, Jan J.
A1  - Baptiste, Maria P.
A1  - Kleunen, Mark van
T1  - Naturalized alien flora of the world
T1  - Naturalizovaná nepůvodní flóra světa
BT  - species diversity, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns, geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion
BT  - druhová diverzita, taxonomické a fylogenetické složení, geografické zákonitosti a globální ohniska rostlinných invazí
JF  - Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society
N2  - Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on the distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions of the world, we describe patterns in diversity and geographic distribution of naturalized and invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic and life-history structure of the global naturalized flora as well as levels of naturalization and their determinants. The mainland regions with the highest numbers of naturalized aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being the richest on this continent) and several North American regions (of which California with 1753 naturalized plant species represents the world’s richest region in terms of naturalized alien vascular plants). England, Japan, New Zealand and the Hawaiian archipelago harbour most naturalized plants among islands or island groups. These regions also form the main hotspots of the regional levels of naturalization, measured as the percentage of naturalized aliens in the total flora of the region. Such hotspots of relative naturalized species richness appear on both the western and eastern coasts of North America, in north-western Europe, South Africa, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and India. High levels of island invasions by naturalized plants are concentrated in the Pacific, but also occur on individual islands across all oceans. The numbers of naturalized species are closely correlated with those of native species, with a stronger correlation and steeper increase for islands than mainland regions, indicating a greater vulnerability of islands to invasion by species that become successfully naturalized. South Africa, India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland and Japan have the highest numbers of invasive species. Regions in temperate and tropical zonobiomes harbour in total 9036 and 6774 naturalized species, respectively, followed by 3280 species naturalized in the Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 in the subtropical zonobiome and 321 in the Arctic. The New World is richer in naturalized alien plants, with 9905 species compared to 7923 recorded in the Old World. While isolation is the key factor driving the level of naturalization on islands, zonobiomes differing in climatic regimes, and socioeconomy represented by per capita GDP, are central for mainland regions. The 11 most widely distributed species each occur in regions covering about one third of the globe or more in terms of the number of regions where they are naturalized and at least 35% of the Earth’s land surface in terms of those regions’ areas, with the most widely distributed species Sonchus oleraceus occuring in 48% of the regions that cover 42% of the world area. Other widely distributed species are Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. Using the occurrence as invasive rather than only naturalized yields a different ranking, with Lantana camara (120 regions out of 349 for which data on invasive status are known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), Sonchus oleraceus (108) and Leucaena leucocephala (103) on top. As to the life-history spectra, islands harbour more naturalized woody species (34.4%) thanmainland regions (29.5%), and fewer annual herbs (18.7% compared to 22.3%). Ranking families by their absolute numbers of naturalized species reveals that Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) and Leguminosae (1189) contribute most to the global naturalized alien flora. Some families are disproportionally represented by naturalized aliens on islands (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), and much fewer so on mainland (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating the numbers of naturalized species in a family to its total global richness shows that some of the large species-rich families are over-represented among naturalized aliens (e.g. Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), some under-represented (e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas the one richest in naturalized species, Compositae, reaches a value expected from its global species richness. Significant phylogenetic signal indicates that families with an increased potential of their species to naturalize are not distributed randomly on the evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 species), Euphorbia (108) and Carex (106) are the genera richest in terms of naturalized species; over-represented on islands are Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium and Persicaria, while those relatively richer in naturalized species on the mainland are Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium and Rosa. The data presented in this paper also point to where information is lacking and set priorities for future data collection. The GloNAF database has potential for designing concerted action to fill such data gaps, and provide a basis for allocating resources most efficiently towards better understanding and management of plant invasions worldwide.
KW  - alien species
KW  - distribution
KW  - Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database
KW  - invasive species
KW  - islands
KW  - life history
KW  - mainland
KW  - naturalized species
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - plant invasion
KW  - regional floras
KW  - species richness
KW  - taxonomy
KW  - zonobiome
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.203
SN  - 0032-7786
VL  - 89
IS  - 3
SP  - 203
EP  - 274
PB  - Czech Botanical Soc.
CY  - Praha
ER  -