TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
A1  - Bahr, André
A1  - Zeeden, Christian
A1  - Yamoah, Kweku A.
A1  - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
A1  - Chuang, Chih-Kai
A1  - Löwemark, Ludvig
A1  - Wei, Kuo-Yen
T1  - A tale of shifting relations
BT  - East Asian summer and winter monsoon variability during the Holocene
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Understanding the dynamics between the East Asian summer (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) is needed to predict their variability under future global warming scenarios. Here, we investigate the relationship between EASM and EAWM as well as the mechanisms driving their variability during the last 10,000 years by stacking marine and terrestrial (non-speleothem) proxy records from the East Asian realm. This provides a regional and proxy independent signal for both monsoonal systems. The respective signal was subsequently analysed using a linear regression model. We find that the phase relationship between EASM and EAWM is not time-constant and significantly depends on orbital configuration changes. In addition, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation, Arctic sea-ice coverage, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Sun Spot numbers contributed to millennial scale changes in the EASM and EAWM during the Holocene. We also argue that the bulk signal of monsoonal activity captured by the stacked non-speleothem proxy records supports the previously argued bias of speleothem climatic archives to moisture source changes and/or seasonality.
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Ocean sciences
KW  - Solid Earth sciences
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85444-7
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1  - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
T3  - Palgrave Studies in Sub-National Governance
N2  - This book presents an overview of European migration policy and the various institutional arrangements within and between various actors, such as local councils, local media, local economies, and local civil society initiatives. Both the role of local authorities in this policy field and their cooperation with civil society initiatives or networks are under-explored topics for research. In response, this book provides a range of detailed case studies focusing on the six main groups of national and administrative traditions in Europe: Germanic, Scandinavian, Napoleonic, Southeastern European, Central-Eastern European and Anglo-Saxon.
KW  - Migration Policy
KW  - Local Governance
KW  - Local Civil Society Networks
KW  - Sub-national Autonomy
KW  - Integration Policy
KW  - European Immigration Policies
KW  - Comparative Public Administration
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-50979-8
SN  - 978-3-030-50978-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8
SN  - 2523-8256
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
A1  - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1  - New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe
JF  - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2  - In this introductory chapter, the editors describe the main theoretical basis of analysis of this book and the methodological approach. The core of this book consists of 14 country-specific chapters, which allow a European comparison and show the increasing variance in migration policy approaches within and between European countries. The degree of local autonomy, the level of centralisation and the traditional forms of migration policy are factors that especially influence the possibilities for local authorities to formulate their own integration policies.
KW  - Migration
KW  - Policy
KW  - Integration
KW  - Local authorities
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Civil society
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN  - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_1
SN  - 2523-8248
SN  - 2523-8256
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
T1  - Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants
JF  - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2  - The chapter begins with a brief historical overview of Germany’s transition in the twentieth and twenty-first century from a transit and emigration country to one of immigration. The next part of this chapter looks at the challenges and problems facing German immigration policy within a multi-level federal system. Finally, the chapter gives an analysis of some of the trends in German migration policy since the refugee crisis in 2015, such as changes in the party system and in the concepts underlying migration policies to better manage, control and limit immigration to Germany.
KW  - Germany
KW  - Federalism
KW  - Integration
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Municipalities
KW  - Local autonomy
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN  - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_7
SN  - 2523-8248
SN  - 2523-8256
SP  - 107
EP  - 121
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
T1  - Integrating Immigrants: Capacities and Challenges for Local Authorities in Europe
JF  - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2  - This chapter focuses on the relationship between public opinion on migration and its media coverage. Different explanatory models, including individual characteristics, cultural factors and the impact of media and politics, have been proposed to explain public attitudes towards migrants. Understanding the local context is important, as the shares of migrants living in each region and city vary considerably. Providing correct statistical information, stressing the diversity of current migration patterns in Europe and taking part in media and public discussions are ways in which to impact public attitudes at the local level.
KW  - Migration
KW  - Media
KW  - Public opinion
KW  - Eurobarometer
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN  - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_17
SN  - 2523-8248
SN  - 2523-8256
SP  - 311
EP  - 333
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
A1  - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1  - Conclusions: An Overview of Local Migrant Integration Policies in Europe
JF  - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2  - As expected, the traditions of national-state migration policies continue to play a very important role, path-dependence in this policy field remains high. The distribution of competences in migration policy and the integration of migrants in the nation states continues to be very different. When implementing integration strategies at grassroots level, the respective policies should be tailored to the profile of both the local migrant community and the native population. Besides better migration management in local administration and the interaction of top-down and bottom-up efforts to integrate migrants is of importance.
KW  - Integration strategy
KW  - Local authorities
KW  - National state communication
KW  - Integration
KW  - Migrants
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN  - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_18
SN  - 2523-8248
SN  - 2523-8256
SP  - 335
EP  - 344
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
A1  - Harisch, Immanuel R.
A1  - Dietrich, Anne
A1  - Burton, Eric
T1  - Introduction
BT  - Moorings and (Dis)Entanglements between Africa and East Germany during the Cold War
JF  - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN  - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-001
SP  - 1
EP  - 58
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
A1  - Raposo, Francisca
T1  - Socialist Encounters at the School of Friendship
JF  - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN  - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-009
SP  - 235
EP  - 246
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alberto, Ibraimo
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
T1  - Paths Are Made by Walking
BT  - Memories of Being a Mozambican Contract Worker in the GDR
JF  - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN  - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-010
SP  - 247
EP  - 262
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pittel, Harald
T1  - Ali Smith’s ‘Coming-of-Age’ in the age of Brexit
JF  - Brexit and Beyond: Nation and Identity
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-8233-8414-4
SN  - 978-3-8233-9414-3
SP  - 121
EP  - 144
PB  - Narr
CY  - Tübingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fedders, Ronja
A1  - Muenzner, Matthias
A1  - Weber, Pamela
A1  - Sommerfeld, Manuela
A1  - Knauer, Miriam
A1  - Kedziora, Sarah
A1  - Kast, Naomi
A1  - Heidenreich, Steffi
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Weger, Stefan
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Schupp, Michael
T1  - Liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis in mice
JF  - The journal of biological chemistry
N2  - Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the major transport protein for retinol in blood. Recent evidence from genetic mouse models shows that circulating RBP4 derives exclusively from hepatocytes. Because RBP4 is elevated in obesity and associates with the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, we tested whether a liver-specific overexpression of RBP4 in mice impairs glucose homeostasis. We used adeno-associated viruses (AAV) that contain a highly liver-specific promoter to drive expression of murine RBP4 in livers of adult mice. The resulting increase in serum RBP4 levels in these mice was comparable with elevated levels that were reported in obesity. Surprisingly, we found that increasing circulating RBP4 had no effect on glucose homeostasis. Also during a high-fat diet challenge, elevated levels of RBP4 in the circulation failed to aggravate the worsening of systemic parameters of glucose and energy homeostasis. These findings show that liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis. We conclude that a modest increase of its circulating levels in mice, as observed in the obese, insulin-resistant state, is unlikely to be a causative factor for impaired glucose homeostasis.
KW  - liver
KW  - retinoid-binding protein
KW  - glucose metabolism
KW  - insulin resistance
KW  - mouse
KW  - TTR
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004294
SN  - 1083-351X
VL  - 293
IS  - 39
SP  - 15269
EP  - 15276
PB  - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
CY  - Bethesda
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thapa, Samudrajit
A1  - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka
A1  - Sikora, Grzegorz
A1  - Wagner, Caroline E.
A1  - Krapf, Diego
A1  - Kantz, Holger
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - large-deviation statistic
KW  - time-averaged mean squared displacement
KW  - Chebyshev inequality
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abd50e
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 23
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges. ; IOP
CY  - Bad Honnef ; London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Baeseler, Jessica
T1  - Trace element effects on longevity and neurodegeneration with focus on C. elegans
T1  - Effekte von Spurenelementen auf die Lebensdauer und Neurodegeneration mit Fokus auf C. elegans
N2  - The trace elements zinc and manganese are essential for human health, especially due to their enzymatic and protein stabilizing functions. If these elements are ingested in amounts exceeding the requirements, regulatory processes for maintaining their physiological concentrations (homeostasis) can be disturbed. Those homeostatic dysregulations can cause severe health effects including the emergence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The concentrations of essential trace elements also change during the aging process. However, the relations of cause and consequence between increased manganese and zinc uptake and its influence on the aging process and the emergence of the aging-associated PD are still rarely understood. This doctoral thesis therefore aimed to investigate the influence of a nutritive zinc and/or manganese oversupply on the metal homeostasis during the aging process. For that, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was applied. This nematode suits well as an aging and PD model due to properties such as its short life cycle and its completely sequenced, genetically amenable genome. Different protocols for the propagation of zinc- and/or manganese-supplemented young, middle-aged and aged C. elegans were established. Therefore, wildtypes, as well as genetically modified worm strains modeling inheritable forms of parkinsonism were applied. To identify homeostatic and neurological alterations, the nematodes were investigated with different methods including the analysis of total metal contents via inductively-coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry, a specific probe-based method for quantifying labile zinc, survival assays, gene expression analysis as well as fluorescence microscopy for the identification and quantification of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.. During aging, the levels of iron, as well as zinc and manganese increased.. Furthermore, the simultaneous oversupply with zinc and manganese increased the total zinc and manganese contents to a higher extend than the single metal supplementation. In this relation the C. elegans metallothionein 1 (MTL-1) was identified as an important regulator of metal homeostasis. The total zinc content and the concentration of labile zinc were age-dependently, but differently regulated. This elucidates the importance of distinguishing these parameters as two independent biomarkers for the zinc status. Not the metal oversupply, but aging increased the levels of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, nearly all these results yielded differences in the aging-dependent regulation of trace element homeostasis between wildtypes and PD models. This confirms that an increased zinc and manganese intake can influence the aging process as well as parkinsonism by altering homeostasis although the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified in further studies.
N2  - Die Spurenelemente Zink und Mangan sind vor allem aufgrund ihrer enzymatischen und Protein-stabilisierenden Funktionen essentiell für die menschliche Gesundheit. Werden sie allerdings in Mengen aufgenommen, die den Bedarf übersteigen, können regulatorische Prozesse für die Aufrechterhaltung physiologischer Konzentrationen dieser Metalle (Homöostase) aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten. Das kann ernsthafte gesundheitliche Konsequenzen nach sich ziehen, unter anderem die Entstehung neurodegenerativer Krankheiten, wie zum Beispiel der Parkinson’schen Erkrankung. Auch während des Alterungsprozesses verändern sich die Gehalte an lebensnotwendigen Spurenelementen im Körper. Jedoch sind die Zusammenhänge zwischen Ursache und Wirkung einer erhöhten Aufnahme an Zink und Mangan und deren Einfluss auf den Alterungsprozess und die Entstehung der altersassoziierten Parkinson’schen Erkrankung bisher nur unzureichend verstanden. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde deshalb der Einfluss einer nutritiven Zink- und/oder Manganüberversorgung auf die Metallhomöostase während der Alterung untersucht. Dazu wurde Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) als Modellorganismus verwendet. Diese Fadenwürmer eignen sich aufgrund verschiedener Eigenschaften, wie einem kurzen Lebenszyklus und einem komplett sequenzierten und leicht manipulierbarem Genom, hervorragend als Alters- und Parkinson-Modelle. Es wurden verschiedene Protokolle etabliert, die die Anzucht von Zink- und/oder Mangan-supplementierten jungen, mittelalten bzw. gealterten C. elegans erlaubten. Neben Wildtypen wurden auch Wurmstämme untersucht, die genetische Modifikationen aufweisen, die mit vererbbaren Formen des Parkinsonismus assoziiert werden können. Die Würmer wurden mithilfe verschiedener Methoden, wie der analytischen Bestimmung des Gesamtmetallgehaltes mittels Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv-gekoppeltem Plasma, einer Sonden-spezifischen Methode zur Bestimmung von freiem Zink, Letalitätsassays, Genexpressionsanalysen und der Fluoreszenz-mikroskopischen Untersuchung der dopaminergen Neurodegeneration auf verschiedene Parameter untersucht, die Aufschluss über homöostatische und neurologische Veränderungen geben. Es wurde eine altersbedingte Zunahme von Eisen, sowie Zink und Mangan in den Würmern beobachtet. Weiterhin stellte sich heraus, dass vor allem die simultane Überversorgung mit Zink und Mangan den Gesamtmetallgehalt dieser Metalle in C. elegans in einem Maß steigerte, das das der Einzelmetallsupplementierung überstieg. Dabei konnte vor allem das C. elegans Metallothionein 1 (MTL-1) als wichtiger Faktor in der Regulation der Metallhomöostase identifiziert werden. Außerdem wurde die Wichtigkeit verdeutlicht, zwischen dem Gesamtzinkgehalt und der Konzentration an freiem Zink als Biomarkern für den Zinkstatus eines Organismus zu unterscheiden. Beide Parameter wurden altersabhängig unterschiedlich reguliert. Im Gegensatz zur Alterung, wurde durch die Überversorgung mit Metallen keine zusätzliche Schädigung der dopaminergen Neuronen beobachtet. In nahezu all diesen Ergebnissen verdeutlichten sich weiterhin Unterschiede in der altersabhängigen Regulation der Spurenelementhomöostase zwischen Wildtypen und Parkinson-Modellen. Dies bestätigt die Annahme, dass sich eine erhöhte Aufnahme von Mangan und Zink durch die Beeinflussung der Homöostase sowohl auf die Alterung, als auch den Parkinsonismus auswirken kann, jedoch müssen die mechanistischen Grundlagen dessen in zukünftigen Studien aufgeklärt werden.
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - aging
KW  - trace element
KW  - zinc
KW  - manganese
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Alterung
KW  - Spurenelement
KW  - Zink
KW  - Mangan
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Heywood Jones, David
T1  - Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau
BT  - A City and its Jews in the Late Eighteenth Century
N2  - Breslau has been almost entirely forgotten in the Anglophone sphere as a place of Enlightenment. Moreover, in the context of the Jewish Enlightenment, Breslau has never been discussed as a place of intercultural exchange between German-speaking Jewish, Protestant and Catholic intellectuals. The story of Moses Hirschel offers us an excellent case-study to investigate the complex reciprocal relationship between Jewish and non-Jewish enlighteners in a prosperous and influential Central European city on the cusp of the 18th century.
KW  - Haskalah
KW  - Moses Hirschel
KW  - Breslau
KW  - enlightenment
KW  - Mendelssohn
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-46234-5
SN  - 978-3-030-46235-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46235-2
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
A1  - Jessen, Anna
T1  - Correlative coordination and variable subject-verb agreement in German
JF  - Languages : open access journal
N2  - Coordinated subjects often show variable number agreement with the finite verb, but linguistic approaches to this phenomenon have rarely been informed by systematically collected data. We report the results from three experiments investigating German speakers' agreement preferences with complex subjects joined by the correlative conjunctions sowohl horizontal ellipsis als auch ('both horizontal ellipsis and'), weder horizontal ellipsis noch ('neither horizontal ellipsis nor') or entweder horizontal ellipsis oder ('either horizontal ellipsis or'). We examine to what extent conjunction type and a conjunct's relative proximity to the verb affect the acceptability and processibility of singular vs. plural agreement. Experiment 1 was an untimed acceptability rating task, Experiment 2 a timed sentence completion task, and Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading task. Taken together, our results show that number agreement with correlative coordination in German is primarily determined by a default constraint triggering plural agreement, which interacts with linear order and semantic factors. Semantic differences between conjunctions only affected speakers' agreement preferences in the absence of processing pressure but not their initial agreement computation. The combined results from our offline and online experimental measures of German speakers' agreement preferences suggest that the constraints under investigation do not only differ in their relative weighting but also in their relative timing during agreement computation.
KW  - correlative coordination
KW  - subject– verb agreement
KW  - German
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6020067
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, Tobias
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Synthesis of gamma-spirolactams by Birch reduction of arenes
JF  - European journal of organic chemistry
N2  - A convenient method for the synthesis of gamma-spirolactams in only three steps is described. Birch reduction of inexpensive and commercially available aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of chloroacetonitrile affords nitriles in moderate to good yields. Suitable precursors are methyl-substituted benzoic acids, naphthoic, and anthroic acid. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation proceeds smoothly with PtO2 or Raney Ni as catalysts and lactams are isolated in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Thus, up to 3 new stereogenic centers can be constructed as sole diastereomers from achiral benzoic acids. Furthermore, it is possible to control the degree of saturation at different pressures, affording products with 0, 1, or 2 double bonds. Overall, more than 15 new gamma-spirolactams have been synthesized in analytically pure form.
KW  - Arenes
KW  - Birch reduction
KW  - Hydrogenation
KW  - Lactams
KW  - Synthetic methods
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202100056
SN  - 1099-0690
VL  - 2021
IS  - 10
SP  - 1585
EP  - 1591
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fudickar, Werner
A1  - Metz, Melanie
A1  - Mai-Linde, Yasemin
A1  - Krüger, Tobias
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Influence of functional groups on the ene reaction of singlet oxygen with 1,4-cyclohexadienes
JF  - Photochemistry and photobiology : the official journal of the American Society for Photobiology
N2  - The photooxygenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes has been studied with a special focus on regio- and stereoselectivities. In all examples, only the methyl-substituted double bond undergoes an ene reaction with singlet oxygen, to afford hydroperoxides in moderate to good yields. We explain the high regioselectivities by a "large-group effect" of the adjacent quaternary stereocenter. Nitriles decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen, presumably by quenching, but can stabilize proposed per-epoxide intermediates by polar interactions resulting in different stereoselectivities. Spiro lactams and lactones show an interesting effect on regio- and stereoselectivities of the ene reactions. Thus, singlet oxygen attacks the double bond preferentially anti to the carbonyl group, affording only one regioisomeric hydroperoxide. If the reaction occurs from the opposite face, the other regioisomer is exclusively formed by severe electrostatic repulsion in a perepoxide intermediate. We explain this unusual behavior by the fixed geometry of spiro compounds and call it a "spiro effect" in singlet oxygen ene reactions.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13422
SN  - 0031-8655
SN  - 1751-1097
VL  - 97
IS  - 6
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1297
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Malden, Mass.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hein, Johannes
T1  - Verb movement and the lack of verb-doubling VP topicalization in Germanic
JF  - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics
N2  - In the absence of a stranded auxiliary or modal, VP-topicalization in most Germanic languages gives rise to the presence of a dummy verb meaning 'do'. Cross-linguistically, this is a rather uncommon strategy as comparable VP-fronting constructions in other languages, e.g. Hebrew, Polish, and Portuguese, among many others, exhibit verb doubling. A comparison of several recent approaches to verb doubling in VP-fronting reveals that it is the consequence of VP-evacuating head movement of the verb to some higher functional head, which saves the (low copy of the) verb from undergoing copy deletion as part of the low VP copy in the VP-topicalization dependency. Given that almost all Germanic languages have such V-salvaging head movement, namely V-to-C movement, but do not show verb doubling, this paper suggests that V-raising is exceptionally impossible in VP-topicalization clauses and addresses the question of why it is blocked. After discussing and rejecting some conceivable explanations for the lack of verb doubling, I propose that the blocking effect arises from a bleeding interaction between V-to-C movement and VP-to-SpecCP movement. As both operations are triggered by the same head, i.e. C, the VP is always encountered first by a downward search algorithm. Movement of VP then freezes it and its lower copies for subextraction precluding subsequent V-raising. Crucially, this implies that there is no V-to-T raising in most Germanic languages. V2 languages with V-to-T raising, e.g. Yiddish, are correctly predicted to not exhibit the blocking effect.
KW  - Verb doubling
KW  - Head movement
KW  - VP-topicalization
KW  - Copy deletion
KW  - V-to-T
KW  - movement
KW  - V-to-C movement
KW  - Verb second
KW  - Freezing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-021-09125-5
SN  - 1383-4924
SN  - 1572-8552
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 89
EP  - 144
PB  - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Paunov, Tatjana
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder
BT  - How suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?
JF  - BMC psychiatry
N2  - Background 
Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. 

Methods 
In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being.  

Results 
Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52).

Conclusions 
Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy.
KW  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW  - Psychodiagnostics
KW  - Psychometric properties
KW  - Screening
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x
SN  - 1471-244X
VL  - 21
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scianna, Bastian Matteo
T1  - Book Review: Goeschel, Christian: Mussolini and Hitler – The forging of the fascist alliance and Adolf Hitler. - Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 2018; X + 400 pp. - ISBN: 978-0-30017-883-8. - Schieder, Wolfgang: Adolf Hitler. Politischer Zauberlehrling Mussolinis. -  De Gruyter Oldenbourg: Berlin, 2017; VIII + 228 pp.: ISBN: 978-3-11052-975-3
JF  - War in history
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-0-30017-883-8
SN  - 978-3-11052-975-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344520979471d
SN  - 0968-3445
SN  - 1477-0385
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 228
EP  - 229
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haßler, Gerda
T1  - Adverbal expression of aspectuality and interaction with perfective and imperfective verbs
JF  - Russian Grammar: System – Usus – Variation/Русская грамматика: Cистема – узус – варьирование
N2  - This paper intends to explore the interaction between aspect and lexical means, in this case temporal adverbials, in the bounding of representations of situations. First, the theoretical basis is outlined, followed by the results of a corpus analysis of coccurrences with adverbs that limit situations. The term situation encompasses all representable processes, states, events, or actions. Finally, some theoretical conclusions are drawn concerning the cognitive category of bounding, using the example of aspectuality. The imperfective verb forms maintain their aspectuality in delimiting connections with adverbs, resulting in a complex, multi-dimensional aspectuality. In nongrammaticalized forms, such as lexical markers, the speaker is free to make a temporal localization or an aspectual perspective. Lexical expressions can make temporal and aspect markings even more precisely and clearly than tenses. They can also limit or extend situations and thus express aspect. Aspectuality thus presents itself as a compositional category, in which external bounding and the internal representation of a course of action or development can interact.
N2  - Данная статья ставит своей целью исследовать взаимодействие между видом глагола и лексическими средствами, в данном случае временными наречиями, в ограни чении репрезентаций ситуаций. После изложения теоретических основ исследования приводятся результаты корпусного анализа совпадений грамматического вида с наречиями, ограничивающими ситуации. Термин “ситуация” в статье охватывает все репрезен-
тируемые процессы, состояния, события или действия. В заключении делаются некоторые теоретические выводы относительно когнитивной категории ограничения на примере аспектуальности. Формы несовершенного вида сохраняют свою изначальную аспектуальность при разграничении связей с наречиями, что приводит к сложной, много-мерной аспектуальности. В неграмматикализованных формах, таких как лексические маркеры, говорящий свободен в выборе временной локализации или аспектуальной перспективы. Лексические средства могут выражать временные и видовые нюансы даже более точно и четко, чем времена. Они также могут ограничивать или расширять ситуации и, таким образом, выражать аспектуальность. Таким образом, аспектуальность представ- ляется как композиционная категория, в которой могут взаимодействовать внешнее ограничение и внутреннее представление развития действия.
T2  - Адвербиальное выражение аспектуальности и его взаимодействие с глаголами
совершенного и несовершенного вида
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-87748-7
SP  - 219
EP  - 234
PB  - Lang
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wardlitz, Vladislava
T1  - Introduction
JF  - Russian grammar: system - usus - variation = Russkaja grammatika: sistema - uzus - varʹirovanie / Vladislava Warditz
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-86458-6
SN  - 978-3-631-87748-7
SN  - 978-3-631-87749-4
SN  - 2750-297X
SN  - 2750-2961
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
PB  - Lang
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
A1  - Gehring, Thomas
T1  - Analogy-based collective decision-making and incremental change in international organizations
JF  - European journal of international relations
N2  - We examine how analogy-based collective decision-making of member states contributes to the endogenous emergence of informal rules and the incremental change of international organizations (IOs). Decision-making by analogy is an important characteristic of day-to-day decision-making in IOs. Relating current decisions to previous ones through analogies drives incremental change and simultaneously reinforces organizational resilience. Whereas the foreign policy analysis literature shows that analogies can be used as cognitive shortcuts in fuzzy and complex foreign policy situations, we focus on their use to overcome social ambiguity (indeterminacy) of coordination situations in IOs. Drawing on psychological conceptions, we develop two micro-level mechanisms that elucidate the effects of analogy-based collective decision-making in member-driven IOs. Analogy-based collective decisions emphasizing similarity between a current situation and previous ones follow an established problem schema and produce expansive and increasingly well-established informal rules. Collective decisions that are analogy-based but emphasize a crucial difference follow different problem schemas and trigger the emergence of additional informal rules that apply to new classes of cases. The result is an increasingly fine-grained web of distinct organizational solutions for a growing number of problems. Accordingly, an IO can increasingly facilitate collective decision-making and gains resilience. Empirically, we probe these propositions with a documentary analysis of decision-making in the Yugoslavia sanctions committee, established by the United Nations Security Council to deal with a stream of requests for exempting certain goods or services from the comprehensive economic embargo imposed on Yugoslavia in response to the War in the Balkans.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066120987889
SN  - 1354-0661
SN  - 1460-3713
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 753
EP  - 778
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Fauth, Henriette
A1  - Destina Sevde, Ay-Bryson
A1  - Visser, Leonie N.C.
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes
JF  - Cancer Medicine
N2  - Background
Communicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.

Methods
Patients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.

Results
Regardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, η2partial = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, η2partial = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.14) from pre- to post-video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06). 

Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.
KW  - consultation
KW  - mental health
KW  - oncology
KW  - psycho-oncology
KW  - skills
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4396
SN  - 2045-7634
VL  - 10
SP  - 9012
EP  - 9021
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ET  - 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Florian
A1  - Keller, Matthias
T1  - Riesz decompositions for Schrödinger operators on graphs
JF  - Journal of mathematical analysis and applications
N2  - We study superharmonic functions for Schrodinger operators on general weighted graphs. Specifically, we prove two decompositions which both go under the name Riesz decomposition in the literature. The first one decomposes a superharmonic function into a harmonic and a potential part. The second one decomposes a superharmonic function into a sum of superharmonic functions with certain upper bounds given by prescribed superharmonic functions. As application we show a Brelot type theorem.
KW  - Potential theory
KW  - Green's function
KW  - Schrödinger operator
KW  - Weighted
KW  - graph
KW  - Subcritical
KW  - Greatest harmonic minorant
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2020.124674
SN  - 0022-247X
SN  - 1096-0813
VL  - 495
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reiners, Nina
T1  - Despite or Because of Contestation?
BT  - how water became a human right
JF  - Human Rights Quarterly
N2  - Almost twenty years after its recognition in international human rights law, the human right to water continues to spark discussions about its scope and meaning. This article revisits the evolution and contestation of the right's first international legal framework, General Comment No. 15 from the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The analysis highlights the contestation of economic and social rights as a universal phenomenon at multiple levels, but argues that these meaning-making practices can support their validation and recognition.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2021.0021
SN  - 1085-794X
SN  - 0275-0392
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
SP  - 329
EP  - 343
PB  - Johns Hopkins Univ.
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Robin
A1  - Stede, Manfred
T1  - Argument mining on twitter
BT  - a survey
JF  - Information technology : it ; Methoden und innovative Anwendungen der Informatik und Informationstechnik ; Organ der Fachbereiche 3 und 4 der GI e.V. und des Fachbereichs 6 der ITG
N2  - In the last decade, the field of argument mining has grown notably. However, only relatively few studies have investigated argumentation in social media and specifically on Twitter. Here, we provide the, to our knowledge, first critical in-depth survey of the state of the art in tweet-based argument mining. We discuss approaches to modelling the structure of arguments in the context of tweet corpus annotation, and we review current progress in the task of detecting argument components and their relations in tweets. We also survey the intersection of argument mining and stance detection, before we conclude with an outlook.
KW  - Argument Mining
KW  - Twitter
KW  - Stance Detection
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2020-0053
SN  - 1611-2776
SN  - 2196-7032
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
SP  - 45
EP  - 58
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarze, Thomas
T1  - Determination of Pd2+ by fluorescence enhancement caused by an off-switching of an energy- and an electron transfer
JF  - ChemistrySelect
N2  - In this paper, we introduce a fluorescent dye 1, which is able to detect selectively Pd2+ by a clear fluorescence enhancement (FE) in THF. In the presence of eight Pd2+ equivalents, we observed a fluorescence enhancement factor (FEF) of 28.3. The high Pd2+ induced FEF can be explained by an off switching of multiple quenching processes within 1 by Pd2+. In the free dye 1 a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (ET) takes place and quenches the anthracenic fluorescence. The coordination of eight Pd2+ units by the alkylthio-substituted porphyrazine receptor suppresses the PET and ET quenching process and the anthracenic fluorescence is switched on.
KW  - Palladium ion
KW  - electron transfer
KW  - energy transfer
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - porphyrazine
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003975
SN  - 2365-6549
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 318
EP  - 322
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuhr, Harald
T1  - The rise of the Global South and the rise in carbon emissions
JF  - Third world quarterly
N2  - Jointly with the Global North, the rise of the Global South has come at a high cost to the environment. Driven by its high energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels, the South has contributed a significant portion of global emissions during the last 30 years, and is now contributing some 63% of today's total GHG emissions (including land-use change and forestry). Similar to the Global North, the Global South's emissions are heavily concentrated: India and China alone account for some 60% and the top 10 countries for some 78% of the group's emissions, while some 120 countries account for only 22%. Without highlighting such differences, it makes little sense to use the term 'Global South'. Its members are affected differently, and contribute differently to global climate change. They neither share a common view, nor do they pursue joint interests when it comes to international climate negotiations. Instead, they are organised into more than a dozen subgroups of the global climate regime. There is no single climate strategy for the Global South, and climate action will differ enormously from country to country. Furthermore, just and equitable transitions may be particularly challenging for some countries.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - international development
KW  - energy
KW  - environmental policy
KW  - Global South
KW  - transition policy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1954901
SN  - 0143-6597
SN  - 1360-2241
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
SP  - 2724
EP  - 2746
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wojcik, Laurie Anne
A1  - Ceulemans, Ruben
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs
JF  - Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Biodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: This loss may hamper ecosystems’ ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human-induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, that is, resistance, resilience, and elasticity, using a tritrophic—and thus more realistic—plankton food web model. We compared a non-adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade-offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half-saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience, and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context-dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift toward a non-desirable alternative state. The basal-intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience, and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines.
KW  - functional diversity
KW  - nutrient spike
KW  - pulse perturbation
KW  - regime shift
KW  - robustness
KW  - tritrophic food web
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8214
SN  - 2045-7758
N1  - Wojcik and Ceulemans shared first authorship.
VL  - 11
IS  - 22
SP  - 15639
EP  - 15663
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Hoboken (New Jersey)
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
A1  - Jessen, Anna
T1  - Morphological generalization in bilingual language production
BT  - age of acquisition determines variability
JF  - Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics
N2  - Morphological variability in bilingual language production is widely attested. Producing inflected words has been found to be less reliable and consistent in bilinguals than in first-language (functionally monolingual) L1 speakers, even for bilingual speakers at advanced proficiency levels. The sources for these differences are not well understood. The current study presents a detailed investigation of morphological generalization processes in bilingual speakers' language production. We examined past participle formation of German using an elicited-production experiment containing nonce verbs with varying degrees of similarity to existing verbs testing a large group of bilingual Turkish/German speakers relative to L1 German speakers. We compared similarity-based lexical extensions with generalizations of morphological rules. The results show that rule-based generalizations are used less often and more variably within the bilingual group than within the L1 group. Our results also show a selective effect of age of acquisition on the bilingual speakers' morphological generalizations.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2021.1910267
SN  - 1048-9223
SN  - 1532-7817
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 370
EP  - 386
PB  - Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bär, Christian
T1  - The Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm and the Pfaffian
JF  - Linear algebra and its applications
N2  - We adapt the Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm for the computation of characteristic polynomials to the computation of the Pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix. This yields a very simple, easy to implement and parallelize algorithm of computational cost O(n(beta+1)) where nis the size of the matrix and O(n(beta)) is the cost of multiplying n x n-matrices, beta is an element of [2, 2.37286). We compare its performance to that of other algorithms and show how it can be used to compute the Euler form of a Riemannian manifold using computer algebra.
KW  - Characteristic polynomial
KW  - Determinant
KW  - Pfaffian
KW  - Gauss-Bonnet-Chern
KW  - theorem
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2021.07.023
SN  - 0024-3795
SN  - 1873-1856
VL  - 630
SP  - 39
EP  - 55
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Grum, Marcus
T1  - Gamification and dynamisation of the continous improvement processes
BT  - design and realization of a gamification platform for continous improvement
T2  - International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies
N2  - The idea of the continuous improvement process (CIP) helps companies to continuously improve their operation and thereby contributes to their competitiveness. Through digi tization, new potentials emerge to solve known CIP issues. This contribution specifically addresses the individual motivation of employees to contribute to the CIP. Typically, related initiatives lack contributions over time. The use of gamification is a promising way to achieve continuous participation by addressing the individual needs of participants. While the use of extrinsic motivation elements is common in practice, the idea of this approach is to specifically address intrinsic motivations which serve as a long-term motivator. This article contributes to a gam-ification concept for the continuous improvement process. The main results include an adapted CIP, a gamification concept, and a market mechanism. Furthermore, the concept is implemented and demonstrated as a prototype in an online platform.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECET52533.2021.9698530
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Per-Olof
A1  - Feil, Hauke
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1  - Herold, Jana
A1  - Kempken, Mathies
A1  - Liese, Andrea
T1  - Policy recommendations of international bureaucracies
BT  - the importance of country-specificity
JF  - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2  - Many international bureaucracies give policy advice to national administrative units. Why is the advice given by some international bureaucracies more influential than the recommendations of others? We argue that targeting advice to member states through national embeddedness and country-tailored research increases the influence of policy advice. Subsequently, we test how these characteristics shape the relative influence of 15 international bureaucracies' advice in four financial policy areas through a global survey of national administrations from more than 80 countries. Our findings support arguments that global blueprints need to be adapted and translated to become meaningful for country-level work. <br /> Points for practitioners <br /> National administrations are advised by an increasing number of international bureaucracies, and they cannot listen to all of this advice. Whereas some international bureaucracies give 'one-size-fits-all' recommendations to rather diverse countries, others cater their recommendations to the national audience. Investigating financial policy recommendations, we find that national embeddedness and country-tailored advice render international bureaucracies more influential.
KW  - financial policy
KW  - international administration
KW  - international
KW  - organizations
KW  - multi-level government
KW  - regime complexity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211013385
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
SP  - 775
EP  - 793
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Los Angeles, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fleischer, Julia
A1  - Reiners, Nina
T1  - Connecting international relations and public administration
BT  - toward a joint research agenda for the study of international bureaucracy
JF  - International studies review
N2  - The recent debate on administrative bodies in international organizations has brought forward multiple theoretical perspectives, analytical frameworks, and methodological approaches. Despite these efforts to advance knowledge on these actors, the research program on international public administrations (IPAs) has missed out on two important opportunities: reflection on scholarship in international relations (IR) and public administration and synergies between these disciplinary perspectives. Against this backdrop, the essay is a discussion of the literature on IPAs in IR and public administration. We found influence, authority, and autonomy of international bureaucracies have been widely addressed and helped to better understand the agency of such non-state actors in global policy-making. Less attention has been given to the crucial macro-level context of politics for administrative bodies, despite the importance in IR and public administration scholarship. We propose a focus on agency and politics as future avenues for a comprehensive, joint research agenda for international bureaucracies.
N2  - El reciente debate sobre los organismos administrativos en las organizaciones internacionales ha generado diversas perspectivas teóricas, marcos analíticos y enfoques metodológicos. A pesar de estos esfuerzos por mejorar el conocimiento sobre estos actores, el programa de investigación sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales (International Public Administration, IPA) ha perdido dos oportunidades importantes: la reflexión sobre la erudición en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública y las sinergias entre estas perspectivas disciplinarias. Con este trasfondo, en el ensayo se analiza la literatura sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública. Descubrimos que la influencia, la autoridad y la autonomía de las burocracias internacionales se han abordado ampliamente y ayudaron a comprender mejor la función de dichos agentes no estatales en la formulación de políticas a nivel mundial. Se ha prestado menos atención al contexto clave a nivel macro de la política de los organismos administrativos, a pesar de su importancia en las relaciones internacionales y la erudición en la administración pública. Proponemos enfocarnos en la agencia y la política como futuras vías para implementar un programa de investigación conjunta y exhaustiva para las burocracias internacionales.
N2  - Le récent débat sur les organes administratifs des organisations internationales a mis en avant plusieurs perspectives théoriques, cadres analytiques et approches méthodologiques. Malgré ces efforts pour faire progresser la connaissance de ces acteurs, le Programme de recherche sur les administrations publiques internationales a manqué deux opportunités majeures : une réflexion sur les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique ainsi que sur les synergies entre ces perspectives des disciplines. Cet essai s'appuie sur cette toile de fond pour établir une discussion au sujet de la littérature abordant les administrations publiques internationales dans les domaines des relations internationales et de l'administration publique. Nous avons constaté que l'influence, l'autorité et l'autonomie des bureaucraties internationales avaient été largement abordées, ce qui permettait de mieux comprendre le pouvoir de tels acteurs non-étatiques dans l’établissement des politiques internationales. Toutefois, malgré son importance dans les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique, une moins grande attention a été accordée au contexte macro des politiques des organes administratifs alors qu'il est crucial. Nous proposons de mettre l'accent sur le pouvoir et les politiques comme pistes futures pour un programme de recherche conjoint complet sur les bureaucraties internationales.
KW  - international bureaucracies
KW  - international organizations
KW  - public
KW  - administration
KW  - nonstate actors
KW  - palabras clave
KW  - burocracias internacionales
KW  - organizaciones internacionales
KW  - administración pública
KW  - agentes no estatales
KW  - mots clés
KW  - bureaucraties internationales
KW  - organisations internationales
KW  - administration publique
KW  - acteurs non-étatiques
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa097
SN  - 1521-9488
SN  - 1468-2486
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 1230
EP  - 1247
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Keles, Engin
T1  - Atmospheric properties and dynamics of gaseous exoplanets inferred from high-resolution alkali line transmission spectroscopy
N2  - The characterization of exoplanets applying high-resolution transmission spectroscopy ini- tiated a new era making it possible to trace atmospheric signature at high altitudes in exoplanet atmospheres and to determine atmospheric properties which enrich our under- standing of the formation and evolution of the solar system. In contrast to what is observed in our solar system, where gaseous planets orbit at wide orbits, Jupiter type exoplanets were detected in foreign stellar systems surrounding their host stars within few days, in close orbits, the so called hot- and ultra-hot Jupiters. The most well studied ones are HD209458b and HD189733b, which are the first exoplanets where absorption is detected in their atmospheres, namely from the alkali line sodium. For hot Jupiters, the resonant alkali lines are the atmospheric species with one of the strongest absorption signatures, due to their large absorption cross-section. However, al- though the alkali lines sodium and potassium were detected in low-resolution observations for various giant exoplanets, potassium was absent in different high-resolution investiga- tions in contrast to sodium. The reason for this is quite puzzling, since both alkalis have very similar physical and chemical properties (e.g. condensation and ionization proper- ties). Obtaining high-resolution transit observations of HD189733b and HD209458b, we were able to detect potassium on HD189733b (Manuscript 1), which was the first high-resolution detection of potassium on an exoplanet. The absence of potassium on HD209458b could be reasoned by depletion processes, such as condensation or photo-ionization or high-altitude clouds. In a further study (Manuscript II), we resolved the potassium line and compared this to a previously detected sodium absorption on this planet. The comparison showed, that the potassium lines are either tracing different altitudes and temperatures compared to the sodium lines, or are depleted so that the planetary Na/K- ratio is way larger than the stellar one. A comparison of the alkali lines with synthetic line profiles showed that the sodium lines were much broader than the potassium lines, probably being induced by winds. To investigate this, the effect of zonal streaming winds on the sodium lines on Jupiter-type planets is investigated in a further study (Manuscript III), showing that such winds can significantly broaden the Na- lines and that high-resolution observations can trace such winds with different properties. Furthermore, investigating the Na-line observations for different exoplanets, I showed that the Na-line broadening follows a trend with cooler planets showing stronger line broadening and so hinting on stronger winds, matching well into theoretical predictions. Each presented manuscript depends on the re- sults published within the previous manuscript, yielding a unitary study of the exoplanet HD189733b. The investigation of the potassium absorption required to account for different effects: The telluric lines removal and the effect of center-to-limb variation (see Manuscript I), the residual Rossiter-Mc-Laughlin effect (see Manuscript II) and the broadening of spectral lines on a translucent atmospheric ring by zonal jet streams (see Manuscript III). This thesis shows that high-resolution transmission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe sharp alkali line absorption on giant exoplanet atmospheres and to investigate on the properties and dynamics of hot Jupiter type atmospheres.
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: gaseous planets
KW  - exoplanets
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kocaman, Ceren
A1  - Selvi, Ali Fuad
T1  - Gender, sexuality, and language teaching materials
BT  - why materials matter for social justice in the language classroom
JF  - Babylonia Journal of Language Education
N2  - Obwohl schon viel über kommerzielle Materialien gesagt und geschrieben wurde, ist unser Verständnis sehr begrenzt, wenn es um lokal produzierte (hauseigene, nicht-kommerzielle) Materialien geht, die oft verwendet werden, um bestehende veröffentlichte Materialien zu ersetzen oder zu ergänzen. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über die Literatur zur Darstellung von Geschlecht und Sexualität in kommerziellen Lehrmitteln und unsere Überlegungen zu lokal produzierten Unterrichtsmaterialien, die in einem Englisch-Intensivprogramm an einer Universität in der Türkei mit Englisch als Unterrichtsmedium (EMI) verwendet werden. Wir unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Materialien für die Handlungsfähigkeit von Lehrkräften bei der Schaffung eines sicheren und inklusiven Klassenzimmers und bei der Bekämpfung von systematischer Unterdrückung, Diskriminierung und Ungerechtigkeit im und ausserhalb des Klassenzimmers.
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://babylonia.online/index.php/babylonia/article/view/41/66
VL  - 1
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adamik, Verena
T1  - From Utopian Island to global empire
BT  - Alex Garland's the Beach
JF  - Utopian Studies
N2  - This article discusses how Alex Garland’s The Beach (1996) engages with conceptions of utopian islands, nation, and colonialism in modernity and how it, from this basis, develops a different spatiality that reflects on a more deterritorialized form of imperial domination within late twentieth-century globalization, as exercised by the United States. The novel is shown to subvert, but not to abolish, two spatial formations that originated in early modernity: nation and utopia. Building on Jean Baudrillard’s elaborations regarding simulation and simulacra, the article argues that The Beach creates a hyperreal narrative that does away with the idea of isolated, bounded spaces and that in form and content corresponds with the worldwide dominance of the United States at the end of the twentieth century.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/doi: 10.5325/utopianstudies.31.3.0457
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 457
EP  - 474
PB  - Penn State University Press
CY  - University Park, Pa
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Ting, Michael Kien Yin
T1  - Circadian-regulated dynamics of translation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kolbe-Hanna, Daniela
A1  - Wischer, Ilse
ED  - Kolbe-Hanna, Daniela
ED  - Wischer, Ilse
T1  - Introduction
JF  - Anglistik
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.33675/ANGL/2021/1/4
SN  - 2625-2147
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 10
PB  - Universitätsverlag Winter
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hadad, Yemima
T1  - Gilgul of Meaning
BT  - Martin Buber on Vaterland and the Land of the Fathers
JF  - Azimuth :  philosophical coordinates in modern and contemporary age
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-88-5529-285-6
SN  - 978-88-5529-286-3
SN  - 2282-4863
VL  - 9
IS  - 18
SP  - 105
EP  - 128
PB  - Inschibboleth Edizioni
CY  - Roma
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Liu, Sisi
T1  - The history of plant diversity change and community assemply a high-altitude and high-latitude ecosystems inferred from sedimentary (ancient) DNA and pollen
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
T1  - Development, use and evaluation of concepts and materials for teaching organic chemistry at university
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Brunacci, Nadia
T1  - Oligodepsipeptides as matrix for drug delivery systems and submicron particulate carriers
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - Intraseasonal oscillation indices from complex EOFs
JF  - Journal of climate
N2  - Indices of oscillatory behavior are conveniently obtained by projecting the fields in question into a phase space of a few (mostly just two) dimensions; empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) or other, more dynamical, modes are typically used for the projection. If sufficiently coherent and in quadrature, the projected variables simply describe a rotating vector in the phase space, which then serves as the basis for predictions. Using the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) as a test case, an alternative procedure is introduced: it augments the original fields with their Hilbert transform (HT) to form a complex series and projects it onto its (single) dominant EOF. The real and imaginary parts of the corresponding complex pattern and index are compared with those of the original (real) EOF. The new index explains slightly less variance of the physical fields than the original, but it is much more coherent, partly from its use of future information by the HT. Because the latter is in the way of real-time monitoring, the index can only be used in cases with predicted physical fields, for which it promises to be superior. By developing a causal approximation of the HT, a real-time variant of the index is obtained whose coherency is comparable to the noncausal version, but with smaller explained variance of the physical fields. In test cases the new index compares well to other indices of BSISO. The potential for using both indices as an alternative is discussed.
KW  - Madden-Julian oscillation
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - Empirical orthogonal functions
KW  - Filtering techniques
KW  - Statistical techniques
KW  - Forecasting techniques
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0427.1
SN  - 0894-8755
SN  - 1520-0442
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 122
PB  - American Meteorological Soc.
CY  - Boston
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Szadowiak, Andrzej Marcin
T1  - Feature removal on software platforms
BT  - discontinued core features on browser platformsa case study on mozilla firefox
T2  - IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)
N2  - Software platforms allow for the extension of features by third-party contributors. Thereby, platform innovation is an important aspects of platforms attractiveness for users and complementors. While previous research focused the introduction of new features, the aspect of feature removal and discontinued features on software platforms has been disregarded. To explore the phenomenon and motivations for feature removal on software platforms, a review of recent literature is provided. To illustrate the existence of and motivations for feature removal, a case study of the browser platform Mozilla Firefox is presented. The results reveal feature removal to regularly occur on browser platforms for user- and developer-related features. Frequent reasons for feature removal involve unused features, security concerns, and bugs. Related motivations for feature removal are discussed from the platform owner's perspective. Implications for complementors and users are highlighted.
KW  - Software Platforms
KW  - Discontinued Features
KW  - Feature Removal
KW  - Lean Core
KW  - Platform Innovation
KW  - Browser Platform
KW  - Mozilla Firefox
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE/ITMC52061.2021.9570245
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pittel, Harald
T1  - Fin du globe
BT  - Oscar Wilde’s romance with decadence and the idea of world literature
JF  - Thesis eleven : critical theory and historical sociology
N2  - This essay argues that Oscar Wilde noticeably contributed to the emerging discourse about world literature, even though his views in this regard have to be unearthed from the margins of his works, from his early and unpublished American lectures and 'between the lines' of his major critical essays. Wilde's implicit ideas around world literature can be understood as being closely related to his broader endeavour of redirecting and revaluing the pejorative discourse around 'decadence' in art and literature. More specifically, the arch-aesthete preferred to use the word 'romance' rather than 'decadence' (a term he hardly used at all in his writings), signalling a sensitivity attuned to what he called the 'love of things impossible'. This reconceptualization of the decadent outlook was to inspire a critical ideal of literature which relied on creatively activating the other as Other, culminating in a vision of intersubjective, transcultural and unlimited literary communication. Wilde's thought can be more specifically understood as anticipating central tenets of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's evocations of the planetary, thus preparing the way for an alterity-oriented understanding of literary cosmopolitanism.
KW  - debt
KW  - decadence
KW  - planetarity
KW  - romance
KW  - world literature
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513621994702
SN  - 0725-5136
SN  - 1461-7455
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 136
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sand, Patrick
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Pd-catalyzed oxidative sulfoalkenylation of acetanilides and traceless removal of the catalyst directing group
JF  - ChemistrySelect
N2  - The palladium-catalyzed oxidative Heck-reaction, also referred to as Fujiwara-Moritani-reaction, has been investigated for the synthesis of styrenylsulfonyl compounds. Acetanilides and vinylsulfonyl compounds undergo dehydrogenative coupling reactions in moderate to quantitative yields, using benzoquinone as the oxidant of choice. Potassium peroxodisulfate, which had previously been identified as a superior oxidant for the coupling with acrylates, did not provide any coupling products with these olefins. Traceless removal of the catalyst directing group through a deacetylation-diazotation-coupling (DDC) sequence was demonstrated for 2-arylethene sulfones.
KW  - arenes
KW  - C− H activation
KW  - Heck reactions
KW  - Palladium
KW  - sulfones
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202101009
SN  - 2365-6549
VL  - 6
IS  - 14
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3567
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borchardt, Sven
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
T1  - Erratum to: Borchardt, Sven, Trauth, Martin H.: Remotely-sensed evapotranspiration estimates for an improved hydrological modeling of the early Holocene mega-lake Suguta, northern Kenya Rift. - (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - Volumes 361–362 (2012), S. 14 – 20. - doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.009)
JF  - Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109540
SN  - 0031-0182
SN  - 1872-616X
VL  - 571
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Behrendt, Aileen  Jorena
ED  - Courtman, Nicholas
T1  - Writing the economic subject in modern western Europe
BT  - representation, contestation, critique
JF  - Literature, Culture, Economy
JF  - Literatur, Kultur, Ökonomie
N2  - This book explores how capitalism shapes the formation of the economic subject in modern European writing. How are subject positions determined by the subject’s relationship to money and work? How fair is a society that predicates social inclusion upon employment? And what happens when full employment is impossible? The volume traces how literary authors and social theorists have answered these questions in different social and historical contexts from the nineteenth century to the present day. The contributions confront the imperatives of productivity, notions of success and failure, the construction of work cultures and environments, the (in)visibility of certain labour groups, and the implications of the body as a productive site.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-83999-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85753-3
SN  - 978-3-631-85755-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85754-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3726/b18541
SN  - 2364-1304
IS  - 9
PB  - Lang
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Aileen  Jorena
T1  - Against the Capitalist Narrative of Success and Failure
BT  - the Precarious Lives of Jean Rhys`s Interwar Women
JF  - Writing the Economic Subject in Modern Western Europe : Representation, Contestation, Critique
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-85754-0
SN  - 978-3-631-85755-7
SN  - 978-3-631-83999-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85753-3
SP  - 137
EP  - 159
PB  - Lang
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Aileen Jorena
A1  - Courtman, Nicholas
T1  - Introduction
JF  - Writing the Economic Subject in Modern Western Europe : Representation, Contestation, Critique
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-85754-0
SN  - 978-3-631-85755-7
SN  - 978-3-631-83999-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85753-3
SP  - 9
EP  - 31
PB  - Lang
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grubic, Mira
A1  - Wierzba, Marta
T1  - The German additive particle noch
BT  - testing the role of topic situations
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - The particle noch (‘still’) can have an additive reading similar to auch (‘also’). We argue that both particles indicate that a previously partially answered QUD is re-opened to add a further answer. The particles differ in that the QUD, in the case of auch, can be re-opened with respect to the same topic situation, whereas noch indicates that the QUD is re-opened with respect to a new topic situation. This account predicts a difference in the accommodation behavior of the two particles. We present an experiment whose results are in line with this prediction.
KW  - additive particles
KW  - noch
KW  - auch
KW  - German
KW  - topic situation
KW  - semantics
KW  - experiments
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1275
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Ubiquity Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uygun, Serkan
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Morphological processing in heritage speakers
BT  - a masked priming study on the Turkish aorist
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. 'Limitations of online resources' for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism ('affix stripping') as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words.
KW  - Turkish
KW  - morphology
KW  - aorist
KW  - priming
KW  - variability
KW  - processing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000577
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 415
EP  - 426
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reibold, Kerstin
T1  - Global Welfare Egalitarianism, Resource Rights, and Decolonization
N2  - This paper argues that land and resource rights are often essential in overcoming colonial inequality and devaluation of indigenous populations and cultures. It thereby criticizes global welfare egalitarians that promote the abolition of national sovereignty over resources in the name of increased equality. The paper discusses two ways in which land and resource rights contribute to decolonization and the eradication of the associated inequality. First, it proposes that land and resource rights have acquired a status-conferring function for (formerly) colonized peoples so that possession of full personhood and relational equality is partially expressed through the possession of land and resource rights. Second, it suggests that successful internal decolonization depends on access to and control over land and resources, especially for indigenous peoples.
KW  - decolonization
KW  - welfare egalitarianism
KW  - indigenous people
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://www.theglobaljusticenetwork.org/index.php/gjn/article/view/190
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21248/gjn.13.01.190
SN  - 1835-6842
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 80
EP  - 98
PB  - The Global Justice Network
CY  - Manchester
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carstens, Nora
T1  - Digitalisation Labs
BT  - a new arena for policy design in German multilevel governance
JF  - German Politics
N2  - The federal system has long been seen as one of the biggest obstacles to the digital transformation of the German state. With the enactment of the Online Access Act (OZG), a law that obliges all federal levels to offer their administrative services digitally in a joint portal network by the end of 2022, a new arena for multilevel collaboration has developed in Germany; the so-called digitalisation labs. The labs are intended to bring together representatives of all federal levels, external actors and citizens to promote problem-oriented policy design and the development of innovative policy solutions. Following a neo-institutionalist perspective and using the analytical concepts of multilevel governance and problem-solving, this paper investigates how the institutional settings, internal dynamics and actors’ composition influence policy design processes in the labs. The empirical analysis is built on a qualitative case study of two digitalisation labs in the policy field ‘Immigration and Emigration', and based on ten expert interviews as well as an extensive document analysis. The paper concludes that, by promoting problem-solving, the institutional settings as well as the organisational design and actors’ constellations have influenced the policy design process in several ways.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2021.1887851
SN  - 1743-8993
SN  - 0964-4008
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
PB  - Taylor and Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ouergui, Ibrahim
A1  - Delleli, Slaheddine
A1  - Bouassida, Anissa
A1  - Bouhlel, Ezdine
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Ardigò, Luca Paolo
A1  - Franchini, Emerson
T1  - Technical-tactical analysis of small combat games in male kickboxers
BT  - Effects of varied number of opponents and area size
JF  - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
N2  - Background: To handle the competition demands, sparring drills are used for specific technical–tactical training as well as physical–physiological conditioning in combat sports. While the effects of different area sizes and number of within-round sparring partners on physiological and perceptive responses in combats sports were examined in previous studies, technical and tactical aspects were not investigated. This study investigated the effect of different within-round sparring partners number (i.e., at a time; 1 vs. 1, 1 vs. 2, and 1 vs. 4) and area sizes (2 m × 2 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 6 m × 6 m) variation on the technical–tactical aspects of small combat games in kickboxing.

Method: Twenty male kickboxers (mean ± standard deviation, age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years), regularly competing in regional and national events randomly performed nine different kickboxing combats, lasting 2 min each. All combats were video recorded and analyzed using the software Dartfish.

Results: Results showed that the total number of punches was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p = 0.011, d = 0.83). Further, the total number of kicks was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 0.99 and d = 0.83, respectively). Moreover, the total number of kick combinations was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.05 and d = 0.95, respectively). The same outcome was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 m × 6 m areas (p = 0.010 and d = − 0.45; p < 0.001 and d = − 0.6, respectively). The number of block-and-parry was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p < 0.001, d = 1.45) and 1 versus 2 (p = 0.046, d = 0.61) and in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 × 6 m areas (p < 0.001; d = 0.47 and d = 0.66, respectively). Backwards lean actions occurred more often in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.009, d = 0.53) and 6 m × 6 m (p = 0.003, d = 0.60). However, the number of foot defenses was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 6 m × 6 m (p < 0.001, d = 1.04) and 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.004, d = 0.63). Additionally, the number of clinches was significantly higher in 1 versus 1 compared with 1 versus 2 (p = 0.002, d = 0.7) and 1 versus 4 (p = 0.034, d = 0.45).

Conclusions: This study provides practical insights into how to manipulate within-round sparring partners’ number and/or area size to train specific kickboxing technical–tactical fundamentals.
KW  - Martial arts
KW  - Time-motion analysis
KW  - Punch
KW  - Kick
KW  - Defensive actions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00391-0
SN  - 2052-1847
N1  - Luca Paolo Ardigò and Emerson Franchini have contributed equally to this work.
IS  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziesemer, Florence
A1  - Hüttel, Alexandra
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
T1  - Young people as drivers or inhibitors of the sustainability movement
BT  - the case of anti-consumption
JF  - Journal of consumer policy : consumer issues in law, economics and behavioural sciences
N2  - As overconsumption has negative effects on ecological balance, social equality, and individual well-being, reducing consumption levels among the materially affluent is an emerging strategy for sustainable development. Today's youth form a crucial target group for intervening in unsustainable overconsumption habits and for setting the path and ideas on responsible living. This article explores young people's motivations for engaging in three behavioural patterns linked to anti-consumption (voluntary simplicity, collaborative consumption, and living within one's means) in relation to sustainability. Applying a qualitative approach, laddering interviews reveal the consequences and values behind the anti-consumption behaviours of young people of ages 14 to 24 according to a means-end chains analysis. The findings highlight potential for and the challenges involved in motivating young people to reduce material levels of consumption for the sake of sustainability. Related consumer policy tools from the fields of education and communication are identified. This article provides practical implications for policy makers, activists, and educators. Consumer policies may strengthen anti-consumption among young people by addressing individual benefits, enabling reflection on personal values, and referencing credible narratives. The presented insights can help give a voice to young consumers, who struggle to establish themselves as key players in shaping the future consumption regime.
KW  - Voluntary simplicity
KW  - Collaborative consumption
KW  - Sustainable
KW  - consumption
KW  - Means-end chain analysis
KW  - Laddering interviews
KW  - Youth
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-021-09489-x
SN  - 0168-7034
SN  - 1573-0700
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 427
EP  - 453
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
T1  - Spectral analysis in quaternary sciences
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - Spectral analysis is a technique of time-series analysis that decomposes signals into linear combinations of harmonic components. Rooted in the 19th century, spectral analysis gained popularity in palaeoclimatology since the early 1980s. This was partly due to the availability of long time series of past climates, but also the development of new, partly adapted methods and the increasing spread of affordable personal computers. This paper reviews the most important methods of spectral analysis for palaeoclimate time series and discusses the prerequisites for their application as well as advantages and disadvantages. The paper also offers an overview of suitable software, as well as computer code for using the methods on synthetic examples.
KW  - Spectral analysis
KW  - Paleoclimate
KW  - Orbital forcing
KW  - MATLAB
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107157
SN  - 0277-3791
SN  - 1873-457X
VL  - 270
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raju, Rajarshi Roy
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
T1  - Inner rotation of Pickering Janus emulsions
JF  - Nanomaterials : open access journal
N2  - Janus droplets were prepared by vortex mixing of three non-mixable liquids, i.e., olive oil, silicone oil and water, in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the aqueous phase and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the olive oil. The resulting Pickering emulsions were stabilized by a red-colored AuNP layer at the olive oil/water interface and MNPs at the oil/oil interface. The core–shell droplets can be stimulated by an external magnetic field. Surprisingly, an inner rotation of the silicon droplet is observed when MNPs are fixed at the inner silicon droplet interface. This is the first example of a controlled movement of the inner parts of complex double emulsions by magnetic manipulation via interfacially confined magnetic nanoparticles.
KW  - Janus droplets
KW  - Pickering emulsions
KW  - magnetic manipulation
KW  - gold nanoparticles
KW  - magnetite nanoparticles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123312
SN  - 2079-4991
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garrido, Claudia
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The inactivation of human aldehyde oxidase 1 by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide
JF  - Drug metabolism and disposition / American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
N2  - Mammalian aldehyde oxidases (AOX) are molybdo-flavoenzymes of pharmacological and pathophysiologic relevance that are involved in phase I drug metabolism and, as a product of their enzymatic activity, are also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. So far, the physiologic role of aldehyde oxidase 1 in the human body remains unknown. The human enzyme hAOX1 is characterized by a broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylic acids, and hydroxylating various heteroaromatic rings. The enzyme uses oxygen as terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide during turnover. Since hAOX1 and, in particular, some natural variants produce not only H2O2 but also high amounts of superoxide, we investigated the effect of both ROS molecules on the enzymatic activity of hAOX1 in more detail. We compared hAOX1 to the high-O-2(.-)-producing natural variant L438V for their time-dependent inactivation with H2O2/O-2(.-) during substrate turnover. We show that the inactivation of the hAOX1 wild-type enzyme is mainly based on the production of hydrogen peroxide, whereas for the variant L438V, both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide contribute to the time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme during turnover. Further, the level of inactivation was revealed to be substrate-dependent: using substrates with higher turnover numbers resulted in a faster inactivation of the enzymes. Analysis of the inactivation site of the enzyme identified a loss of the terminal sulfido ligand at the molybdenum active site by the produced ROS during turnover.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.121.000549
SN  - 1521-009X
SN  - 0090-9556
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
SP  - 729
EP  - 735
PB  - American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
CY  - Bethesda
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
A1  - Keller, David
T1  - School-related content knowledge in organic chemistry
BT  - How does the Bachelor and Master studies?
JF  - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society
N2  - In this paper the development, use, and evaluation of tasks based on the construct of school-related content knowledge are described. The tasks were used in seminars on organic chemistry for bachelor and master preservice chemistry teachers at a German university. For the evaluation a questionnaire with open and closed items was used. The tasks were rated by the preservice chemistry teachers as relevant for their future profession as a chemistry teacher if the content of the tasks is part of the school curriculum. If the content does not belong to the school curriculum, they rated the nature of the tasks still as relevant; they seem to recognize the importance of conceptual knowledge for their future profession. However, the master's preservice teachers argued with this conceptual knowledge more often than the bachelor's preservice teachers. Although the study is cross-sectional, a certain shift from the focus on the content to conceptual knowledge from bachelor's to master's preservice teachers can be observed.
KW  - Organic Chemistry
KW  - Second-Year Undergraduate
KW  - Analogies/Transfer
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01415
SN  - 0021-9584
SN  - 1938-1328
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
SP  - 763
EP  - 773
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Teichmann, Erik
T1  - Using phase dynamics to study partial synchrony
BT  - three examples
JF  - European physical journal special topics
N2  - Partial synchronous states appear between full synchrony and asynchrony and exhibit many interesting properties. Most frequently, these states are studied within the framework of phase approximation. The latter is used ubiquitously to analyze coupled oscillatory systems. Typically, the phase dynamics description is obtained in the weak coupling limit, i.e., in the first-order in the coupling strength. The extension beyond the first-order represents an unsolved problem and is an active area of research. In this paper, three partially synchronous states are investigated and presented in order of increasing complexity. First, the usage of the phase response curve for the description of macroscopic oscillators is analyzed. To achieve this, the response of the mean-field oscillations in a model of all-to-all coupled limit-cycle oscillators to pulse stimulation is measured. The next part treats a two-group Kuramoto model, where the interaction of one attractive and one repulsive group results in an interesting solitary state, situated between full synchrony and self-consistent partial synchrony. In the last part, the phase dynamics of a relatively simple system of three Stuart-Landau oscillators are extended beyond the weak coupling limit. The resulting model contains triplet terms in the high-order phase approximation, though the structural connections are only pairwise. Finally, the scaling of the new terms with the coupling is analyzed.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00156-3
SN  - 1951-6355
SN  - 1951-6401
VL  - 230
IS  - 14-15
SP  - 2833
EP  - 2842
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mischke, Dennis
T1  - Deleuze and the digital
BT  - on the materiality of algorithmic infrastructures
JF  - Deleuze and Guattari studies
N2  - In his short and often quoted essay 'Postscript on the Societies of Control', Gilles Deleuze famously describes the structures of power in the dawning twenty-first century as driven by 'machines of a third type, computers', as novel and predominantly digital infrastructures. In fact, from a Deleuzian perspective the entire ecosystem of the digital transformation can be described as a larger shift in modes of production and the political economy. This essay proposes to read this 'technological evolution' as the power of algorithms and their material substance - digital infrastructures that entail a different mode of interaction between humans and technology. In looking at these infrastructures from a materialist position, my essay reconceptualises the digital as the unfolding logic of assemblages that have been shaping a 'long now' of technological modernity. In bringing a Deleuzian reading of infrastructures to the study of technology and society, this essay seeks to shed a new light on the political function-and the increasing abstraction-of infrastructures in the realm of the digital.
KW  - digital materialism
KW  - critical infrastructure studies
KW  - culture and
KW  - algorithms
KW  - societies of control
KW  - abstract machines
KW  - assemblages
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2021.0459
SN  - 2398-9777
SN  - 2398-9785
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 593
EP  - 609
PB  - Edinburgh University Press
CY  - Edinburgh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kałczewiak, Mariusz
T1  - When the "Ostjuden" returned
BT  - linguistic continuities in German-language writing about Eastern European jews
JF  - Naharaim : Zeitschrift für deutsch-jüdische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte
N2  - This article examines the dynamics that allowed the derogatory term "Ostjuden" to reappear in academic writing in post-Holocaust Germany. This article focuses on the period between 1980's and 2000's, complementing earlier studies that focused on the emergence of the term "Ostjuden" and on the complex representations of Eastern European Jews in Imperial and later Weimar Germany. It shows that, despite its well-evidenced discriminatory history, the term "Ostjuden" re-appeared in the scholarly writing in German and has also found its way into German-speaking public history and journalism. This article calls for applying the adjectival term "osteuropaische Juden" (Eastern European Jews), using a term that neither essentializes Eastern European Jews nor presents them in an oversimplified and uniform manner.
KW  - East European Jews
KW  - Germany
KW  - terminology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/naha-2020-0015
SN  - 1862-9148
SN  - 1862-9156
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 287
EP  - 309
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
T1  - The effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model versus LSTM and GRU
BT  - a case study for six basins from the CAMELS dataset
JF  - Computers & geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology
N2  - We systematically explore the effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model, GR4H, in comparison to two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures: Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), which have just recently been introduced to the field of hydrology. We implemented a case study for six river basins across the contiguous United States, with 25 years of meteorological and discharge data. Nine years were reserved for independent validation; two years were used as a warm-up period, one year for each of the calibration and validation periods, respectively; from the remaining 14 years, we sampled increasing amounts of data for model calibration, and found pronounced differences in model performance. While GR4H required less data to converge, LSTM and GRU caught up at a remarkable rate, considering their number of parameters. Also, LSTM and GRU exhibited the higher calibration instability in comparison to GR4H. These findings confirm the potential of modern deep-learning architectures in rainfall runoff modelling, but also highlight the noticeable differences between them in regard to the effect of calibration data length.
KW  - Artificial neural networks
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Deep learning
KW  - Rainfall-runoff
KW  - modelling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104708
SN  - 0098-3004
SN  - 1873-7803
VL  - 149
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gabowitsch, Mischa
T1  - Belarusian protest
BT  - regimes of engagement and coordination
JF  - Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies / publ. by the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies
N2  - The Belarusian protest movement that started in August 2020 has been discussed from the point of view of strategy and objectives, and as the cradle of a new subjectivity. This essay goes beyond those two perspectives by looking at the regimes of engagement, developing in interaction with the material and technological environment, that have given the protests their distinctive style. The first part looks at coordination and representation at protest events and in producing protest symbols such as flags. The second part discusses the role of Telegram and the emergence of local protest groups. Even though the movement did not grow organically out of everyday concerns, there are some signs that it has begun to reassemble local communities from above. Yet there are also indications that politics continues to be seen as distinct from everyday life, making it uncertain that the movement will lead to a deeper transformation of society.
KW  - Belarus
KW  - protest
KW  - regimes of engagement
KW  - flag-making
KW  - social media
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/slr.2021.28
SN  - 0037-6779
SN  - 2325-7784
N1  - Critical Discussion Forum: The sociology of protest in Belarus — Social dynamics, ideological shifts, and demand for change
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 37
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ceulemans, Ruben
A1  - Guill, Christian
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Top predators govern multitrophic diversity effects in tritrophic food webs
JF  - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
N2  - It is well known that functional diversity strongly affects ecosystem functioning. However, even in rather simple model communities consisting of only two or, at best, three trophic levels, the relationship between multitrophic functional diversity and ecosystem functioning appears difficult to generalize, because of its high contextuality. In this study, we considered several differently structured tritrophic food webs, in which the amount of functional diversity was varied independently on each trophic level. To achieve generalizable results, largely independent of parametrization, we examined the outcomes of 128,000 parameter combinations sampled from ecologically plausible intervals, with each tested for 200 randomly sampled initial conditions. Analysis of our data was done by training a random forest model. This method enables the identification of complex patterns in the data through partial dependence graphs, and the comparison of the relative influence of model parameters, including the degree of diversity, on food-web properties. We found that bottom-up and top-down effects cascade simultaneously throughout the food web, intimately linking the effects of functional diversity of any trophic level to the amount of diversity of other trophic levels, which may explain the difficulty in unifying results from previous studies. Strikingly, only with high diversity throughout the whole food web, different interactions synergize to ensure efficient exploitation of the available nutrients and efficient biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, ultimately leading to a high biomass and production on the top level. The temporal variation of biomass showed a more complex pattern with increasing multitrophic diversity: while the system initially became less variable, eventually the temporal variation rose again because of the increasingly complex dynamical patterns. Importantly, top predator diversity and food-web parameters affecting the top trophic level were of highest importance to determine the biomass and temporal variability of any trophic level. Overall, our study reveals that the mechanisms by which diversity influences ecosystem functioning are affected by every part of the food web, hampering the extrapolation of insights from simple monotrophic or bitrophic systems to complex natural food webs.
KW  - food-web efficiency
KW  - functional diversity
KW  - machine learning
KW  - nutrient
KW  - exploitation
KW  - production
KW  - random forest
KW  - temporal variability
KW  - top
KW  - predator
KW  - trait diversity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3379
SN  - 0012-9658
SN  - 1939-9170
VL  - 102
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Picconi, David
T1  - Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of the coherent excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline
JF  - Photochemical & photobiological sciences
N2  - The photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics of the enol-keto isomerization of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ) are studied computationally using high-dimensional quantum dynamics. The simulations are based on a diabatic vibronic coupling Hamiltonian, which includes the two lowest pi pi* excited states and a n pi* state, which has high energy in the Franck-Condon zone, but significantly stabilizes upon excited state intramolecular proton transfer. A procedure, applicable to large classes of excited state proton transfer reactions, is presented to parametrize this model using potential energies, forces and force constants, which, in this case, are obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. The wave packet calculations predict a time scale of 10-15 fs for the photoreaction, and reproduce the time constants and the coherent oscillations observed in time- resolved spectroscopic studies performed on HBQ. In contrast to the interpretation given to the most recent experiments, it is found that the reaction initiated by 1 pi pi* <- S-0 photoexcitation proceeds essentially on a single potential energy surface, and the observed coherences bear signatures of Duschinsky mode-mixing along the reaction path. The dynamics after the 2 pi pi* <- S-0 excitation are instead nonadiabatic, and the n pi* state plays a major role in the relaxation process. The simulations suggest a mainly active role of the proton in the isomerization, rather than a passive migration assisted by the vibrations of the benzoquinoline backbone. <br /> [GRAPHICS] <br /> .
KW  - Excited state proton transfer
KW  - Quantum dynamics
KW  - Nonadiabatic effects
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Coherences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00112-z
SN  - 1474-905X
SN  - 1474-9092
VL  - 20
IS  - 11
SP  - 1455
EP  - 1473
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1  - Vock, Miriam
A1  - Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra
T1  - Example of best practice
BT  - refugee teachers at the University of Potsdam. A requalification program for newly arrived teachers in Germany
JF  - Intercultural education
N2  - The Refugee Teachers Program, established at the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, in 2016, represents a successful model for training and integrating individuals with foreign teaching qualifications through an 18-month teaching and language course. Initially created to help meet the demand for teachers in Germany, the Refugee Teachers Program has been further refined over the course of the last three years in the light of expert meetings, theoretical considerations, and negotiations with the Brandenburg Ministry of Education. This was the first program of its kind in Germany, following an influx of people being forced to migrate from countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq in 2015. The program responded to these international events by providing training, work, and refuge for migrants who already had teaching experience in their home countries. More than 85 participants successfully completed the program and many have taken up newly created positions as teachers and pedagogical assistants in German schools. However, a number of hurdles still remain before most of the program's graduates can be granted full employment as teachers in Germany.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2021.1851513
SN  - 1467-5986
SN  - 1469-8439
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 108
EP  - 118
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ranaee, Mahdi
T1  - Rezension zu: Pasnau, Robert: After certainty: a history of our epistemic ideals and illusions. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. - 384 pp. - ISBN: 978-0-19-885218-6
JF  - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/agph-2020-2013
SN  - 0003-9101
SN  - 1613-0650
VL  - 103
IS  - 1
SP  - 189
EP  - 194
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
A1  - Keller, David
T1  - How do preservice chemistry teachers rate tasks following the construct of school-related content knowledge in a concept-orientated course on organic chemistry?
JF  - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society
N2  - In this paper, we describe a study on tasks following the construct of school-related content knowledge. We know from previous studies that such tasks were rated by the preservice chemistry teachers as important for their future profession. Those studies were conducted in a traditional course on organic chemistry which was organized around chemical families. Therefore, we used and evaluated the tasks again in a new course on organic chemistry which is organized around basic concepts in organic chemistry. The results of this evaluation show that the students rate the tasks equally well but use other arguments for their rating. They do not focus only on the content of the tasks and whether this content belongs to the school curriculum or not. The students of the conceptual course rated the content more often (95%) as important for their future profession compared with the students in the traditional course (57%). Both groups of students rated the importance of the nature of the task the same way.
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Second-Year undergraduate
KW  - Alcohols
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Molecular structure
KW  - Organic structure
KW  - Students
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00593
SN  - 0021-9584
SN  - 1938-1328
VL  - 98
IS  - 11
SP  - 3442
EP  - 3449
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rubio, Jesús
A1  - Anders, Janet
A1  - Correa, Luis A.
T1  - Global quantum thermometry
JF  - Physical review letters / publ. by the American Physical Society
N2  - A paradigm shift in quantum thermometry is proposed. To date, thermometry has relied on local estimation, which is useful to reduce statistical fluctuations once the temperature is very well known. In order to estimate temperatures in cases where few measurement data or no substantial prior knowledge are available, we build instead a method for global quantum thermometry. Based on scaling arguments, a mean logarithmic error is shown here to be the correct figure of merit for thermometry. Its full minimization provides an operational and optimal rule to postprocess measurements into a temperature reading, and it establishes a global precision limit. We apply these results to the simulated outcomes of measurements on a spin gas, finding that the local approach can lead to biased temperature estimates in cases where the global estimator converges to the true temperature. The global framework thus enables a reliable approach to data analysis in thermometry experiments.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.190402
SN  - 0031-9007
SN  - 1079-7114
VL  - 127
IS  - 19
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyrwa, Ulrich
T1  - Rezension zu:  D’Antonio, Emanuele: Il sangue di Giuditta. Antisemitismo e voci ebraiche nell’Italia di metà Ottocento. - Roma: Carocci editore, 2020. - 157 S. - ISBN 978-88-290-0329-7
JF  - Quest : Issues in Contemporary Jewish History ; journal of Fondazione CDEC
T2  - The blood of Judith. Anti-Semitism and Jewish voices in Italy in the mid-nineteenth century
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.48248/issn.2037-741X/13161
SN  - 2037-741X
IS  - 20
SP  - 207
EP  - 210
PB  - Fondazione Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea
CY  - Milano
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sauer, Michael
A1  - Grebe, Markus
T1  - Plant cell biology
BT  - PIN polarity maintained
JF  - Current biology : CB
N2  - PIN-FORMED (PIN) polar protein localization directs transport of the growth and developmental regulator auxin in plants. Once established after cytokinesis, PIN polarity requires maintenance. Now, direct interactions between PIN, MAB4/MEL and PID proteins suggest self-reinforced maintenance of PIN polarity through limiting lateral diffusion.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.070
SN  - 0960-9822
SN  - 1879-0445
VL  - 31
IS  - 9
SP  - R449
EP  - R451
PB  - Cell Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ranaee, Mahdi
T1  - Book review: de Boer, Karin: Kant’s reform of metaphysics: the critique of pure reason reconsidered. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. - 290 pp. - ISBN: 978-11-0889798-3
JF  - International journal of philosophical studies
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 9781108897983
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2021.1873545
SN  - 0967-2559
SN  - 1466-4542
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 126
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Drephal, Maximilian
T1  - Rezension zu: Bradford, James Tharin: Poppies, politics, and power: Afghanistan and the global history of drugs and diplomacy. - Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2019. xii + 281 pp. - ISBN: 978-1-5017-3976-7
JF  - Business history review
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680521000507
SN  - 0007-6805
SN  - 2044-768X
VL  - 95
IS  - 3
SP  - 596
EP  - 599
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adamik, Verena
T1  - Making worlds from literature
BT  - W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Quest of the Silver Fleece and Dark Princess
JF  - Thesis eleven : critical theory and historical sociology
N2  - While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space for African Americans in the world (literature) of the 20th century. Weary of the traditions of this ‘world literature’, the novels complicate and begin to decenter the canon that they draw on. This reading traces what I interpret as subtle signs of frustration over the limits set by the literature that underlies Dark Princess, while its predecessor had been more optimistic in its appropriation of Eurocentric fiction for its propagandist aims.
KW  - African American literature
KW  - Eurocentrism
KW  - genre
KW  - intertextuality
KW  - race
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513621993308
SN  - 0725-5136
SN  - 1461-7455
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
SP  - 105
EP  - 120
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P.
T1  - nà-cleft (non-)exhaustivity
BT  - variability in Akan
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - This paper presents two experimental studies on the exhaustive inference associated with focus-background na-clefts in Akan (among others, Boadi 1974; Duah 2015; Grubic & Renans & Duah 2019; Titov 2019), with a direct comparison to two recent experiments on German es-clefts employing an identical design (De Veaugh-Geiss et al. 2018). Despite the unforeseen response patterns in Akan in the incremental information-retrieval paradigm used, a post-hoc exploratory analysis reveals compelling parallels between the two languages. The results are compatible with a unified approach both (i) cross-linguistically between Akan and German; and (ii) cross-sententially between na-clefts (a na P, 'It is a who did P') and definite pseudoclefts, i.e., definite descriptions with identity statements (Nipa no a P ne a, 'The person who did P is a') (Boadi 1974; Ofori 2011). Participant variability in (non-)exhaustive interpretations is compatible with discourse pragmatic approaches to cleft exhaustivity (Pollard & Yasavul 2016; De Veaugh-Geiss et al. 2018; Titov 2019).
KW  - Akan
KW  - nà-clefts
KW  - definite pseudoclefts
KW  - exhaustivity
KW  - experimental studies
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5698
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Open Library of Humanities
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
T1  - The task navigator following the STRAKNAP concept
BT  - Development, application, and evaluation of a new scaffold to support nonmajor chemistry students while solving tasks in organic chemistry
JF  - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society
N2  - Educational Scaffolding was first mentioned in 1976 by Wood et al. Several examples for scaffolding in chemistry are also known from the literature. As written scaffolds, stepped supporting tools to support students while solving problems in organic chemistry were developed, applied, and evaluated. Although the students rated the tool as very helpful, a think-aloud study showed that the support given by this scaffold was not sufficient. As a further development of stepped supporting tools, task navigators were therefore developed, applied, and evaluated. This new scaffold gives tips on strategy, knowledge, and application of knowledge after the STRAKNAP concept. The evaluation of this tool shows that the students rated the tool as being very helpful. A think-aloud study showed that the scaffold supports the students while they solve a problem. Because of the stepwise construction of the task navigators and the providing of the knowledge needed for the application, the students can solve parts of the task successfully even if they do not solve all parts correctly; the students can always start from scratch. When students use the tool regularly, their knowledge of organic chemistry increases compared to students who did not use the tool at all. The task navigator is not only a scaffold for the content of the task but also for the development of methodological competences on the field of strategies and applying knowledge.
KW  - First-Year Undergraduate/General
KW  - Organic Chemistry
KW  - Distance
KW  - Learning/Chemistry Education Research
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01162
SN  - 0021-9584
SN  - 1938-1328
VL  - 98
IS  - 4
SP  - 1077
EP  - 1087
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malesza, Marta
T1  - The reduced discounting inventory
BT  - construction and initial validation
JF  - Current psychology
N2  - In two studies, the aim of this research was to develop and validate a Polish version of the reduced Discounting Inventory. In Study 1 (N = 623) items extraction from the 48-item DI was based upon item-total correlation and items with highest coefficients were considered. The reduced Discounting Inventory resulted in sixteen items. Cronbach's a coefficient was .78, and the item-total correlations ranged between .59 and .77. The correlation between Polish versions of reduced Discounting Inventory and longer 48-item Discounting Inventory was .85. Next, the reduced Discounting Inventory was evaluated in terms of factorial and construct validity. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the four-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Additionally, we show that this reduced Discounting Inventory closely parallels the longer 48-item inventory its relation to traditional discounting measures using pairs of hypothetical choices (expect for the delay discounting subscale). Finally, in study 2, the test-retest reliability of the reduced Discounting Inventory over a 3-month interval was assessed (247 subjects of the 623 individuals who participated in Study 1). Results indicated good stability of the reduced measure (>= .88). It is concluded that the reduced Discounting Inventory has notable psychometric properties and that it can serve as an alternative measure of discounting when situations do not allow the use of longer inventories.
KW  - Discounting inventory
KW  - Reduced measure
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Validity
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 1046-1310
SN  - 1936-4733
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 545
EP  - 552
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, Tobias
A1  - Bramborg, Andrea
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Birch Reduction of Arenes as an Easy Entry to γ-Spirolactones
JF  - European journal of organic chemistry
N2  - A convenient method for the synthesis of γ-spirolactones in only 2–3 steps is described. Birch reduction of inexpensive and commercially available aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of ethylene oxide affords hydroxy acids, which undergo direct lactonization during work-up. Suitable precursors are methyl-substituted benzoic acids, naphthoic, and dicarboxylic acids. Subsequent hydrogenation proceeds smoothly with Pd/C as catalyst and saturated γ-spirolactones are isolated in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Thus, up to 3 new stereogenic centers can be constructed as sole diastereomers from achiral benzoic acids. Furthermore, it is possible to control the degree of saturation with Raney nickel or Wilkinson's catalyst to obtain products with 1 double bond. Overall, more than 30 new γ-spirolactones have been synthesized in analytically pure form.
KW  - Arenes
KW  - Birch reduction
KW  - Hydrogenation
KW  - Lactones
KW  - Synthetic methods
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202101018
SN  - 1434-193X
SN  - 1099-0690
VL  - 2021
IS  - 46
SP  - 6383
EP  - 6391
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rose, Robert
A1  - Groeger, Lars
A1  - Hölzle, Katharina
T1  - The Emergence of Shared Leadership in Innovation Labs
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Implementing innovation laboratories to leverage intrapreneurship are an increasingly popular organizational practice. A typical feature in these creative environments are semi-autonomous teams in which multiple members collectively exert leadership influence, thereby challenging traditional command-and-control conceptions of leadership. An extensive body of research on the team-centric concept of shared leadership has recognized the potential for pluralized leadership structures in enhancing team effectiveness; however, little empirical work has been conducted in organizational contexts in which creativity is key. This study set out to explore antecedents of shared leadership and its influence on team creativity in an innovation lab. Building on extant shared leadership and innovation research, we propose antecedents customary to creative teamwork, that is, experimental culture, task reflexivity, and voice. Multisource data were collected from 104 team members and 49 evaluations of 29 coaches nested in 21 teams working in a prototypical innovation lab. We identify factors specific to creative teamwork that facilitate the emergence of shared leadership by providing room for experimentation, encouraging team members to speak up in the creative process, and cultivating a reflective application of entrepreneurial thinking. We provide specific exemplary activities for innovation lab teams to increase levels of shared leadership.
KW  - innovation laboratories
KW  - intrapreneurship
KW  - team creativity
KW  - shared leadership
KW  - social network analysis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685167
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Frontiers in psychology
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bade, Nadine
T1  - On the scope and nature of Maximise Presupposition
JF  - Language and linguistics compass
N2  - The paper introduces the principle Maximise Presupposition and its cognates. The main focus of the literature and this article is on the inferences that arise as a result of reasoning with Maximise Presupposition ('anti-presuppositions'). I will review the arguments put forward for distinguishing them from other inference types, most notably presuppositions and conversational implicatures. I will zoom in on three main issues regarding Maximise Presupposition and these inferences critically discussed in the literature: epistemic strength(ening), projection, and the role of alternatives. I will discuss more recent views which argue for either a uniform treatment of anti-presuppositions and implicatures and/or a revision of the original principle in light of new data and developments in pragmatics.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12416
SN  - 1749-818X
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Tung, Wing Tai
T1  - Polymeric fibrous scaffold on macro/microscale towards tissue regeneration
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Vogel, Heike
T1  - Genetics of obesity and type 2 diabetes
N2  - By using mouse outcross populations in combination with bioinformatic approaches, it was possible to identify and characterize novel genes regulating body weight, fat mass and β-cell function, which all contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D. In detail, the presented studies identified 1. Ifi202b/IFI16 as adipogenic gene involved in adipocyte commitment, maintenance of white adipocyte identity, fat cell size and the inflammatory state of adipose tissue. 2. Pla2g4a/PLA2G4A as gene linked to increased body weight and fat mass with a higher expression in adipose tissue of obese mice and pigs as well as in obese human subjects. 3. Ifgga2/IRGM as novel regulator of lipophagy protecting from excess hepatic lipid accumulation. 4. Nidd/DBA as a diabetogenic locus containing Kti12, Osbpl9, Ttc39a and Calr4 with differential expression in pancreatic islets and/or genetic variants. 5. miR-31 to be higher expressed in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic mice and humans targeting PPARy and GLUT4 and thereby involved in adipogenesis and insulin signaling. 6. Gjb4 as novel gene triggering the development of T2D by reducing insulin secretion, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. The performed studies confirmed the complexity and strong genetic heritability character of obesity and T2D. A high number of genetic variations, each with a small effect, are collectively influencing the degree and severity of the disease. The use of mouse outcross populations is a valid tool for disease gene identification; however, to facilitate and accelerate the process of gene identification the combination of mouse cross data with advanced sequencing resources and the publicly available data sets are essential. The main goal for future studies should be the translation of these novel molecular discoveries to useful treatment therapies. More recently, several classes of novel unimolecular combination therapeutics have emerged with superior efficacy than currently prescribed options and pose the potential to reverse obesity and T2D (Finan et al., 2015). The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)- estrogen conjugate, which targets estrogen into cells expressing GLP-1 receptors, was shown to improve energy, glucose and lipid metabolism as well as to reduce food reward (Finan et al., 2012; Schwenk et al., 2014; Vogel et al., 2016). Another possibility is the development of miRNA-based therapeutics to prevent obesity and T2D, such as miRNA mimetics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides and exosomes loaded with miRNAs (Ji and Guo, 2019; Gottmann et al., 2020). As already described, genome-wide association studies for polygenic obesity and T2D traits in humans have also led to the identification of numerous gene variants with modest effect, most of them having an unknown function (Yazdi et al., 2015). These discoveries resulted in novel animal models and have illuminated new biologic pathways. Therefore, the integration of mouse-human genetic approaches and the utilization of the synergistic effects have the potential to lead to the identification of more genes responsible for common Mendelian forms of obesity and T2D, as well as gene × gene and gene × environment interactions (Yazdi et al., 2015; Ingelsson and McCarthy, 2018). This combination may help to unravel the missing heritability of obesity and T2D, to identify novel drug targets and to design more efficient and personalized obesity prevention and management programs.
Y1  - 2021
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stark, Markus
A1  - Bach, Moritz
A1  - Guill, Christian
T1  - Patch isolation and periodic environmental disturbances have idiosyncratic effects on local and regional population variabilities in meta-food chains
JF  - Theoretical ecology
N2  - While habitat loss is a known key driver of biodiversity decline, the impact of other landscape properties, such as patch isolation, is far less clear. When patch isolation is low, species may benefit from a broader range of foraging opportunities, but are at the same time adversely affected by higher predation pressure from mobile predators. Although previous approaches have successfully linked such effects to biodiversity, their impact on local and metapopulation dynamics has largely been ignored. Since population dynamics may also be affected by environmental disturbances that temporally change the degree of patch isolation, such as periodic changes in habitat availability, accurate assessment of its link with isolation is highly challenging. To analyze the effect of patch isolation on the population dynamics on different spatial scales, we simulate a three-species meta-food chain on complex networks of habitat patches and assess the average variability of local populations and metapopulations, as well as the level of synchronization among patches. To evaluate the impact of periodic environmental disturbances, we contrast simulations of static landscapes with simulations of dynamic landscapes in which 30 percent of the patches periodically become unavailable as habitat. We find that increasing mean patch isolation often leads to more asynchronous population dynamics, depending on the parameterization of the food chain. However, local population variability also increases due to indirect effects of increased dispersal mortality at high mean patch isolation, consequently destabilizing metapopulation dynamics and increasing extinction risk. In dynamic landscapes, periodic changes of patch availability on a timescale much slower than ecological interactions often fully synchronize the dynamics. Further, these changes not only increase the variability of local populations and metapopulations, but also mostly overrule the effects of mean patch isolation. This may explain the often small and inconclusive impact of mean patch isolation in natural ecosystems.
KW  - Metacommunity dynamics
KW  - Dispersal
KW  - Patch isolation
KW  - Stability
KW  - Synchronization
KW  - Disturbance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-021-00510-0
SN  - 1874-1738
SN  - 1874-1746
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 489
EP  - 500
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guill, Christian
A1  - Hülsemann, Janne
A1  - Klauschies, Toni
T1  - Self-organised pattern formation increases local diversity in metacommunities
JF  - Ecology letters
N2  - Self-organised formation of spatial patterns is known from a variety of different ecosystems, yet little is known about how these patterns affect the diversity of communities. Here, we use a food chain model in which autotroph diversity is described by a continuous distribution of a trait that affects both growth and defence against heterotrophs. On isolated patches, diversity is always lost over time due to stabilising selection, and the local communities settle on one of two alternative stable community states that are characterised by a dominance of either defended or undefended species. In a metacommunity context, dispersal can destabilise these states and complex spatio-temporal patterns in the species' abundances emerge. The resulting biomass-trait feedback increases local diversity by an order of magnitude compared to scenarios without self-organised pattern formation, thereby maintaining the ability of communities to adapt to potential future changes in biotic or abiotic environmental conditions.
KW  - biomass-trait feedback
KW  - fitness gradient
KW  - food chain
KW  - functional
KW  - diversity
KW  - metacommunity
KW  - self-organisation
KW  - source-sink dynamics
KW  - spatio-temporal pattern
KW  - trait-based aggregate model
KW  - Turing instability
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13880
SN  - 1461-023X
SN  - 1461-0248
VL  - 24
IS  - 12
SP  - 2624
EP  - 2634
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dershowitz, Idan
T1  - The valediction of Moses
BT  - new evidence on the Shapira Deuteronomy fragments
JF  - Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
N2  - Wilhelm Moses Shapira's infamous Deuteronomy fragments have long been deemed forgeries, with Shapira himself serving as the obvious suspect. I provide new evidence that Shapira did not forge the fragments and was himself convinced of their authenticity. Indeed, the evidence for forgery is illusory. In a companion monograph, I show that the Shapira fragments are not only authentic ancient artifacts but are unprecedented in their significance: They preserve a pre-canonical antecedent of the Book of Deuteronomy.
N2  - Wilhelm Moses Shapiras berüchtigte Deuteronomium-Fragmente sind lange Zeit für Fälschungen gehalten worden, wobei zumeist Shapira selbst als Urheber verdächtigt wurde. Ich erbringe neue Nachweise dafür, dass Shapira die Fragmente nicht gefälscht hat, sondern selbst von deren Echtheit überzeugt war. Vielmehr sind die Beweise für eine Fälschung als illusorisch einzuschätzen. In einer Monographie mit kritischen Textausgaben der Shapira-Fragmente weise ich nach, dass diese nicht nur authentische antike Artefakte, sondern beispiellos in ihrer Bedeutung sind: Sie bewahren einen vorkanonischen Vorläufer des Buches Deuteronomium.
N2  - Les  fragments  tristement  célèbres  de  Deutéronome  de  Wilhelm  Moses  Shapira  ont  longtemps  été  considérés  d’être  contrefaçons,  Shapira  lui-même  étant le suspect évident. Je fournis de nouvelle preuve que Shapira n’a pas falsifié les  fragments  et  qu’il  était  lui-même  convaincu  de  leur  authenticité.  En  fait,  la  preuve de la falsification est illusoire. Dans une monographie complémentaire, je montre que les fragments de Shapira ne sont pas seulement des artefacts anciens authentiques,  mais  qu’ils  sont  d’une  importance  sans  précédent:  ils  preservent  un antécédent pré-canonique du Livre du Deutéronome.
KW  - Deuteronomy
KW  - Dead Sea Scrolls
KW  - Shapira
KW  - Deuteronomium
KW  - Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer
KW  - DSS
KW  - Deutéronome
KW  - rouleaux de la mer morte
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-0001
SN  - 0044-2526
SN  - 1613-0103
VL  - 133
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouma, Sietske Jeltje Deirdre
A1  - Richter, Philipp
A1  - Wendt, Martin
T1  - The relation between Ly alpha absorbers and local galaxy filaments
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. The intergalactic medium (IGM) is believed to contain the majority of baryons in the universe and to trace the same dark matter structure as galaxies, forming filaments and sheets. Ly alpha absorbers, which sample the neutral component of the IGM, have been extensively studied at low and high redshift, but the exact relation between Ly alpha absorption, galaxies, and the large-scale structure is observationally not well constrained.Aims. In this study, we aim at characterising the relation between Ly alpha absorbers and nearby over-dense cosmological structures (galaxy filaments) at recession velocities Delta v <= 6700 km s(-1) by using archival observational data from various instruments.Methods. We analyse 587 intervening Ly alpha absorbers in the spectra of 302 extragalactic background sources obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We combine the absorption line information with galaxy data of five local galaxy filaments from the V8k catalogue.Results. Along the 91 sightlines that pass close to a filament, we identify 215 (227) Ly alpha absorption systems (components). Among these, 74 Ly alpha systems are aligned in position and velocity with the galaxy filaments, indicating that these absorbers and the galaxies trace the same large-scale structure. The filament-aligned Ly alpha absorbers have a similar to 90% higher rate of incidence (d?/dz=189 for log N(HI) >= 13.2) and a slightly shallower column density distribution function slope (-beta=-1.47) relative to the general Ly alpha population at z=0, reflecting the filaments' matter over-density. The strongest Ly alpha absorbers are preferentially found near galaxies or close to the axis of a filament, although there is substantial scatter in this relation. Our sample of absorbers clusters more strongly around filament axes than a randomly distributed sample would do (as confirmed by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), but the clustering signal is less pronounced than for the galaxies in the filaments.
KW  - galaxies: halos
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - quasars: absorption lines
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - ultraviolet: general
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039786
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 647
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Johannes
A1  - Wenig, Phillip
A1  - Papenbrock, Thorsten
T1  - Distributed detection of sequential anomalies in univariate time series
JF  - The VLDB journal : the international journal on very large data bases
N2  - The automated detection of sequential anomalies in time series is an essential task for many applications, such as the monitoring of technical systems, fraud detection in high-frequency trading, or the early detection of disease symptoms. All these applications require the detection to find all sequential anomalies possibly fast on potentially very large time series. In other words, the detection needs to be effective, efficient and scalable w.r.t. the input size. Series2Graph is an effective solution based on graph embeddings that are robust against re-occurring anomalies and can discover sequential anomalies of arbitrary length and works without training data. Yet, Series2Graph is no t scalable due to its single-threaded approach; it cannot, in particular, process arbitrarily large sequences due to the memory constraints of a single machine. In this paper, we propose our distributed anomaly detection system, short DADS, which is an efficient and scalable adaptation of Series2Graph. Based on the actor programming model, DADS distributes the input time sequence, intermediate state and the computation to all processors of a cluster in a way that minimizes communication costs and synchronization barriers. Our evaluation shows that DADS is orders of magnitude faster than S2G, scales almost linearly with the number of processors in the cluster and can process much larger input sequences due to its scale-out property.
KW  - Distributed programming
KW  - Sequential anomaly
KW  - Actor model
KW  - Data mining
KW  - Time series
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-021-00657-6
SN  - 1066-8888
SN  - 0949-877X
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SP  - 579
EP  - 602
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilke, Heinrich
T1  - Character and perspective in cosmic horror
BT  - Lovecraft and Kiernan
JF  - Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik : a quarterly of language, literature and cultur
N2  - Despite their overt focus on inexplicable alien forces, cosmic horror stories are also determined by their human cast. Far from being merely fodder for horror, the characters significantly contribute to the generation of meaning, including that of the supernatural entity or phenomenon itself. The same holds for the narrators' (implicitly) political perspectives on the world of which they are part. Much of the perspective propounded in Lovecraft's cosmic horror stories partakes of myth, adopting in particular the latter's universal view and pronounced sidelining of humanity as a whole, which it intensifies to the point of horror. Appearances to the contrary notwithstanding, this universal perspective is consistent with the racism permeating and structuring Lovecraft's writing. Though eschewing racism and universalism, the cosmic horror of Kiernan's "Tidal Forces" negotiates literary reflections of colonialism from an unreflective white perspective.
KW  - cosmic horror
KW  - H. P. Lovecraft
KW  - Caitlin R. Kiernan
KW  - race and whiteness
KW  - fiction
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2021-2038
SN  - 0044-2305
SN  - 2196-4726
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
SP  - 173
EP  - 190
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tran, Thuan
T1  - Non-canonical word order and temporal reference in Vietnamese
JF  - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences
N2  - The paper revisits Duffield's (2007) (Duffield, Nigel. 2007. Aspects of Vietnamese clausal structure: Separating tense from assertion. Linguistics 45(4). 765-814) analysis of the correlation between the position of a 'when'-phrase and the temporal reference of a bare sentence in Vietnamese. Bare sentences in Vietnamese, based on (Smith, Carlota S. & Mary S. Erbaugh. 2005. Temporal interpretation in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 43(4). 713-756), are argued to obtain their temporal interpretation from their aspectual composition, and the default temporal reference: bounded events are located in the past, unbounded events at present. It is shown that the correlation so observed in when-questions is superficial, and is tied to the syntax and semantics of temporal modification and the requirement that temporal adverbials denoting future time is base generated in sentence-initial position, and past time adverbials in sentence-final position. A 'when'-phrase, being temporally underspecified, obtains its temporal value from its base position. However, the correlation between word order and temporal reference in argument wh-questions and declaratives is factual, depending on whether the predicate-argument configuration allows for a telic interpretation or not. To be specific, it is dependent on whether the application of Generic Modification (Snyder, William. 2012. Parameter theory and motion predicates. In Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally (eds.), Telicity, change, and state. Acrosscategorial view of event structure, 279-299. Oxford: Oxford University Press) or accomplishment composition is realized. Canonical declaratives, and argument wh-questions, with telicity inducing material, license GM or accomplishment composition, yielding bounded events, hence past; by contrast, their noncanonical counterparts block GM or accomplishment composition, giving rise to unbounded event descriptions, hence non-past.
KW  - Vietnamese
KW  - accomplishment composition
KW  - temporal reference
KW  - generic
KW  - modification
KW  - temporal modification
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0256
SN  - 0024-3949
SN  - 1613-396X
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 34
PB  - De Gruyter Mouton
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Romero-Mujalli, Daniel
A1  - Rochow, Markus
A1  - Kahl, Sandra M.
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Folkertsma, Remco
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity in changing environments: Implications for sexual species with different life history strategies
JF  - Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Populations adapt to novel environmental conditions by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. Plastic responses are generally faster and can buffer fitness losses  under variable conditions. Plasticity is typically modeled as random noise and linear reaction norms that assume simple one-to- one  genotype–phenotype maps and no limits to the phenotypic response. Most studies on plasticity have focused on its effect on population viability. However, it is not clear, whether the advantage of plasticity depends solely on environmental fluctuations or also on the genetic and demographic properties (life histories) of populations. Here we present an individual-based model and study the relative importance of adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity for populations of sexual species with different life histories experiencing directional stochastic climate change. Environmental fluctuations were simulated using differentially autocorrelated climatic stochasticity or noise color, and scenarios of directiona
climate change. Nonadaptive plasticity was simulated as a random environmental effect on trait development, while adaptive plasticity as a linear, saturating, or sinusoidal reaction norm. The last two imposed limits to the plastic response and emphasized flexible interactions of the genotype with the environment. Interestingly, this assumption led to (a) smaller phenotypic than genotypic variance in the population (many-to- one genotype–phenotype map) and the coexistence of polymorphisms, and (b) the maintenance of higher genetic variation—compared to linear reaction norms and genetic determinism—even when the population was exposed to a constant environment for several generations. Limits to plasticity led to genetic accommodation, when costs were negligible, and to the appearance of cryptic variation when limits were exceeded. We found that adaptive plasticity promoted population persistence under red environmental noise and was particularly important for life histories with low fecundity. Populations produing more offspring could cope with environmental fluctuations solely by genetic changes or random plasticity, unless environmental change was too fast.
KW  - developmental canalization
KW  - environmental change
KW  - genetic accommodation
KW  - Individual-based models
KW  - limits
KW  - many-to-one genotype–phenotype map
KW  - noise color
KW  - phenotypic plasticity
KW  - reaction norms
KW  - stochastic fluctuations
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cahsan, Binia De
A1  - Westbury, Michael V.
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Drews, Hauke
A1  - Ott, Moritz
A1  - Gollmann, Günter
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Genomic consequences of human-mediated translocations in margin populations of an endangered amphibian
JF  - Evolutionary Applications
N2  - Due to their isolated and often fragmented nature, range margin populations are especially vulnerable to rapid environmental change. To maintain genetic diversity and adaptive potential, gene flow from disjunct populations might therefore be crucial to their survival. Translocations are often proposed as a mitigation strategy to increase genetic diversity in threatened populations. However, this also includes the risk of losing locally adapted alleles through genetic swamping. Human-mediated translocations of southern lineage specimens into northern German populations of the endangered European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) provide an unexpected experimental set-up to test the genetic consequences of an intraspecific introgression from central population individuals into populations at the species range margin. Here, we utilize complete mitochondrial genomes and transcriptome nuclear data to reveal the full genetic extent of this translocation and the consequences it may have for these populations. We uncover signs of introgression in four out of the five northern populations investigated, including a number of introgressed alleles ubiquitous in all recipient populations, suggesting a possible adaptive advantage. Introgressed alleles dominate at the MTCH2 locus, associated with obesity/fat tissue in humans, and the DSP locus, essential for the proper development of epidermal skin in amphibians. Furthermore, we found loci where local alleles were retained in the introgressed populations, suggesting their relevance for local adaptation. Finally, comparisons of genetic diversity between introgressed and nonintrogressed northern German populations revealed an increase in genetic diversity in all German individuals belonging to introgressed populations, supporting the idea of a beneficial transfer of genetic variation from Austria into North Germany.
KW  - adaptive introgression
KW  - admixture
KW  - Bombina bombina
KW  - genetic rescue
KW  - mitogenomes
KW  - transcriptomics
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 1752-4563
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spikes, Montrai
A1  - Rodríguez-Silva, Rodet
A1  - Bennett, Kerri-Ann
A1  - Bräger, Stefan
A1  - Josaphat, James
A1  - Torres-Pineda, Patricia
A1  - Ernst, Anja
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Schlupp, Ingo
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - A phylogeny of the genus Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) suggests a single-lake radiation nested in a Caribbean-wide allopatric speciation scenario
JF  - BMC Research Notes
N2  - Objective
The Caribbean is an important global biodiversity hotspot. Adaptive radiations there lead to many speciation events within a limited period and hence are particularly prominent biodiversity generators. A prime example are freshwater fish of the genus Limia, endemic to the Greater Antilles. Within Hispaniola, nine species have been described from a single isolated site, Lake Miragoâne, pointing towards extraordinary sympatric speciation. This study examines the evolutionary history of the Limia species in Lake Miragoâne, relative to their congeners throughout the Caribbean.

Results
For 12 Limia species, we obtained almost complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships. We included sequences of six further Limia species from GenBank (total N  = 18 species). Our phylogenies are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic, confirming a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies using multiple unlinked genetic markers are needed to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
KW  - Cytochrome b
KW  - Island biogeography
KW  - Fresh water fish
KW  - Phylogeny
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05843-x
SN  - 1756-0500
VL  - 14
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - BMC Research Notes / Biomed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, Johanna
A1  - Foerster, Verena Elisabeth
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Exploring the Past Biosphere of Chew Bahir/Southern Ethiopia: Cross-Species Hybridization Capture of Ancient Sedimentary DNA from a Deep Drill Core
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Eastern Africa has been a prime target for scientific drilling because it is rich in key paleoanthropological sites as well as in paleolakes, containing valuable paleoclimatic information on evolutionary time scales. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) explores these paleolakes with the aim of reconstructing environmental conditions around critical episodes of hominin evolution. Identification of biological taxa based on their sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) traces can contribute to understand past ecological and climatological conditions of the living environment of our ancestors. However, sedaDNA recovery from tropical environments is challenging because high temperatures, UV irradiation, and desiccation result in highly degraded DNA. Consequently, most of the DNA fragments in tropical sediments are too short for PCR amplification. We analyzed sedaDNA in the upper 70 m of the composite sediment core of the HSPDP drill site at Chew Bahir for eukaryotic remnants. We first tested shotgun high throughput sequencing which leads to metagenomes dominated by bacterial DNA of the deep biosphere, while only a small fraction was derived from eukaryotic, and thus probably ancient, DNA. Subsequently, we performed cross-species hybridization capture of sedaDNA to enrich ancient DNA (aDNA) from eukaryotic remnants for paleoenvironmental analysis, using established barcoding genes (cox1 and rbcL for animals and plants, respectively) from 199 species that may have had relatives in the past biosphere at Chew Bahir. Metagenomes yielded after hybridization capture are richer in reads with similarity to cox1 and rbcL in comparison to metagenomes without prior hybridization capture. Taxonomic assignments of the reads from these hybridization capture metagenomes also yielded larger fractions of the eukaryotic domain. For reads assigned to cox1, inferred wet periods were associated with high inferred relative abundances of putative limnic organisms (gastropods, green algae), while inferred dry periods showed increased relative abundances for insects. These findings indicate that cross-species hybridization capture can be an effective approach to enhance the information content of sedaDNA in order to explore biosphere changes associated with past environmental conditions, enabling such analyses even under tropical conditions.
KW  - Chew Bahir
KW  - hybridization capture
KW  - ICDP
KW  - paleoclimate
KW  - past biosphere
KW  - sedaDNA
KW  - sediment core
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.683010
SN  - 2296-6463
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Frontiers in Earth Science
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
T1  - The impact of Roman Roads on Landscape and Space
BT  - the case of republican Italy
T2  - The Impact of the Roman Empire on Landscapes
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-90-04-41144-9
SN  - 978-90-04-41143-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004411449_005
SP  - 69
EP  - 91
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden & Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Feil, Hauke
T1  - The cancer of corruption and World Bank project performance
BT  - Is there a connection?
JF  - Development policy review / publ. for the Overseas Development Institute
N2  - Motivation: Corruption is often cited as a central reason why development projects fail. The article tests this claim by assessing whether World Bank projects perform worse in implementation environments with a higher corruption level. The article focuses specifically on bribery between public officials and firms during the procurement of needed goods and services. Approach and Methods: I use data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys to avoid the often-criticized corruption perception indices and to allow for an assessment of effects at the subnational level. The analysis builds on an assessment of the performance ratings of 1,228 World Bank projects and covers 87 different countries. Finding: Overall, the article finds a small but statistically significant correlation between the corruption level and project performance. This result indicates that the corruption level of recipient countries should be considered during the design and implementation of projects. Policy Implications: Nonetheless, the relatively small correlation and the low pseudo R-squareds advise not overestimating the relevance of corruption for project performance. At least for the project level, the article finds no indication that corruption is a primary obstacle to aid effectiveness.
KW  - Aid effectiveness
KW  - corruption
KW  - Enterprise Survey
KW  - project performance
KW  - World Bank
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12503
SN  - 1467-7679
SN  - 0950-6764
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SP  - 381
EP  - 397
PB  - Blackwell Publ.
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stoppel, Relika
T1  - Alcohol availability and alcohol-attributable mortality
BT  - economic implications following a change in sales policy
JF  - CESifo economic studies : CESifo, a joint initiative of the University of Munich's Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute
N2  - It is commonly known that irresponsible alcohol use can have adverse effects. For some people, it results in health problems, for others in productivity loss, and some experience the worst possible outcome of alcohol misuse - death. This paper estimates the effect of reduced alcohol sales hours on alcohol-attributable mortality (AAM) in Estonia. Using novel mortality data from 1997 to 2015, this paper analyzes the effect of alcohol sales policies at both the county level and the country level. By applying the difference-in-differences method and the ARIMA model, this paper finds that the alcohol sales policy reduced AAM to between 1.710 and 2.401 deaths per 100,000 per month, which equals a reduction of 31% to 40% in AAM deaths. These findings suggest that individuals who are the most at risk of dying from alcohol-attributable causes of death benefit remarkably from reduced alcohol availability.
KW  - health policy
KW  - mortality
KW  - public health
KW  - alcohol
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifab008
SN  - 1610-241X
SN  - 1612-7501
VL  - 67
IS  - 4
SP  - 463
EP  - 487
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  -