TY - JOUR A1 - Abakarova, Dzhuma A1 - Iskarous, Khalil A1 - Noiray, Aude T1 - Quantifying lingual coarticulation in German using mutual information BT - an ultrasound study JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - In previous research, mutual information (MI) was employed to quantify the physical information shared between consecutive phonological segments, based on electromagnetic articulography data. In this study, MI is extended to quantifying coarticulatory resistance (CR) versus overlap in German using ultrasound imaging. Two measurements are tested as input to MI: (1) the highest point on the tongue body and (2) the first coefficient of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the whole tongue contour. Both measures are used to examine changes in coarticulation between two time points during the syllable span: the consonant midpoint and the vowel onset. Results corroborate previous findings reporting differences in coarticulatory overlap in German and across languages. Further, results suggest that MI used with the highest point on the tongue body captures distinctions related both to place and manner of articulation, while the first DFT coefficient does not provide any additional information regarding global (whole tongue) as opposed to local (individual articulator) aspects of CR. However, both methods capture temporal distinctions in coarticulatory resistance between the two time points. Results are discussed with respect to the potential of MI measure to provide a way of unifying coarticulation quantification methods across data collection techniques. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5047669 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 144 IS - 2 SP - 897 EP - 907 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - GEN A1 - Abboub, Nawal A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Nazzi, Thierry T1 - An exploration of rhythmic grouping of speech sequences by french- and german-learning infants T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Rhythm in music and speech can be characterized by a constellation of several acoustic cues. Individually, these cues have different effects on rhythmic perception: sequences of sounds alternating in duration are perceived as short-long pairs (weak-strong/iambicpattern), whereas sequences of sounds alternating in intensity or pitch are perceived as loud-soft, or high-low pairs (strong-weak/trochaic pattern). This perceptual bias-called the lambic-Trochaic Law (ITL) has been claimed to be an universal property of the auditory system applying in both the music and the language domains. Recent studies have shown that language experience can modulate the effects of the ITL on rhythmic perception of both speech and non-speech sequences in adults, and of non-speech sequences in 7.5-month-old infants. The goal of the present study was to explore whether language experience also modulates infants' grouping of speech. To do so, we presented sequences of syllables to monolingual French- and German-learning 7.5-month-olds. Using the Headturn Preference Procedure (HPP), we examined whether they were able to perceive a rhythmic structure in sequences of syllables that alternated in duration, pitch, or intensity. Our findings show that both French- and German-learning infants perceived a rhythmic structure when it was cued by duration or pitch but not intensity. Our findings also show differences in how these infants use duration and pitch cues to group syllable sequences, suggesting that pitch cues were the easier ones to use. Moreover, performance did not differ across languages, failing to reveal early language effects on rhythmic perception. These results contribute to our understanding of the origin of rhythmic perception and perceptual mechanisms shared across music and speech, which may bootstrap language acquisition. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 427 KW - language acquisition KW - prosody KW - grouping KW - iambic-trochaic law KW - perceptual biases KW - french-learning infants KW - german-learning infants Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407201 IS - 427 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abusch, Dorit T1 - Focus presuppositions N2 - This paper reviews notions related to focus and presupposition and addresses the hypothesis that focus triggers an existential presupposition. Presupposition projection behavior in certain examples appears to favor a presuppositional analysis of focus. It is argued that these examples are open to a different analysis using givenness theory. Overall, the analysis favors a weak semantics for focus not including an existential presupposition. KW - focus KW - presupposition KW - alternative semantics presupposition projection KW - givenness Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19663 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Abutalebi, Jubin A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Bilingualism, cognition, and aging T2 - Bilingualism : language and cognition. N2 - Extract: Topics in psycholinguistics and the neurocognition of language rarely attract the attention of journalists or the general public. One topic that has done so, however, is the potential benefits of bilingualism for general cognitive functioning and development, and as a precaution against cognitive decline in old age. Sensational claims have been made in the public domain, mostly by journalists and politicians. Recently (September 4, 2014) The Guardian reported that “learning a foreign language can increase the size of your brain”, and Michael Gove, the UK's previous Education Secretary, noted in an interview with The Guardian (September 30, 2011) that “learning languages makes you smarter”. The present issue of BLC addresses these topics by providing a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and experimental research on the role of bilingualism for cognition in children and adults. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728914000741 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Adak, Hülya T1 - Teaching the Armenian Genocide in Turkey: Curriculum, Methods, and Sources T2 - PMLA : Publications of the Modern Language Association Y1 - 2016 SN - 0030-8129 VL - 131 SP - 1515 EP - 1518 PB - Modern Language Association of America CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adani, Flavia A1 - Forgiarini, Matteo A1 - Guasti, Maria Teresa A1 - Van der Lely, Heather K. J. T1 - Number dissimilarities facilitate the comprehension of relative clauses in children with (Grammatical) Specific Language Impairment JF - Journal of child language N2 - This study investigates whether number dissimilarities on subject and object DPs facilitate the comprehension of subject-and object-extracted centre-embedded relative clauses in children with Grammatical Specific Language Impairment (G-SLI). We compared the performance of a group of English-speaking children with G-SLI (mean age: 12; 11) with that of two groups of younger typically developing (TD) children, matched on grammar and receptive vocabulary, respectively. All groups were more accurate on subject-extracted relative clauses than object-extracted ones and, crucially, they all showed greater accuracy for sentences with dissimilar number features (i.e., one singular, one plural) on the head noun and the embedded DP. These findings are interpreted in the light of current psycholinguistic models of sentence comprehension in TD children and provide further insight into the linguistic nature of G-SLI. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000913000184 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 811 EP - 841 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adani, Flavia A1 - Stegenwallner-Schutz, Maja Henny Katherine A1 - Niesel, Talea T1 - The Peaceful Co-existence of Input Frequency and Structural Intervention Effects on the Comprehension of Complex Sentences in German-Speaking Children JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The predictions of two contrasting approaches to the acquisition of transitive relative clauses were tested within the same groups of German-speaking participants aged from 3 to 5 years old. The input frequency approach predicts that object relative clauses with inanimate heads (e.g., the pullover that the man is scratching) are comprehended earlier and more accurately than those with an animate head (e.g., the man that the boy is scratching). In contrast, the structural intervention approach predicts that object relative clauses with two full NP arguments mismatching in number (e.g., the man that the boys are scratching) are comprehended earlier and more accurately than those with number-matching NPs (e.g., the man that the boy is scratching). These approaches were tested in two steps. First, we ran a corpus analysis to ensure that object relative clauses with number-mismatching NPs are not more frequent than object relative clauses with number-matching NPs in child directed speech. Next, the comprehension of these structures was tested experimentally in 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds respectively by means of a color naming task. By comparing the predictions of the two approaches within the same participant groups, we were able to uncover that the effects predicted by the input frequency and by the structural intervention approaches co-exist and that they both influence the performance of children on transitive relative clauses, but in a manner that is modulated by age. These results reveal a sensitivity to animacy mismatch already being demonstrated by 3-year-olds and show that animacy is initially deployed more reliably than number to interpret relative clauses correctly. In all age groups, the animacy mismatch appears to explain the performance of children, thus, showing that the comprehension of frequent object relative clauses is enhanced compared to the other conditions. Starting with 4-year-olds but especially in 5-year-olds, the number mismatch supported comprehension-a facilitation that is unlikely to be driven by input frequency. Once children fine-tune their sensitivity to verb agreement information around the age of four, they are also able to deploy number marking to overcome the intervention effects. This study highlights the importance of testing experimentally contrasting theoretical approaches in order to characterize the multifaceted, developmental nature of language acquisition. KW - relative clauses KW - sentence comprehension KW - input frequency KW - number KW - animacy KW - language acquisition KW - German Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01590 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adani, Flavia A1 - van der Lely, Heather K. J. A1 - Forgiarini, Matteo A1 - Guasti, Maria Teresa T1 - Grammatical feature dissimilarities make relative clauses easier : a comprehension study with Italian children N2 - The Relativized Minimality approach to A'-dependencies (Friedmann et al., 2009) predicts that headed object relative clauses (RCs) and which questions are the most difficult, due to the presence of a lexical restriction on both the subject and the object DP which creates intervention. We investigated comprehension of center-embedded headed object RCs with Italian children, where Number and Gender feature values on subject and object DPs are manipulated. We found that. Number conditions are always more accurate than Gender ones, showing that intervention is sensitive to DP-internal structure. We propose a finer definition of the lexical restriction where external and syntactically active features (such as Number) reduce intervention whereas internal and (possibly) lexicalized features (such as Gender) do so to a lesser extent. Our results are also compatible with a memory interference approach in which the human parser is sensitive to highly specific properties of the linguistic input, such as the cue-based model (Van Dyke, 2007). Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00243841 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.018 SN - 0024-3841 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Adelt, Anne A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Treatment of sentence comprehension and production in aphasia BT - is there cross-modal generalisation? N2 - Exploring generalisation following treatment of language deficits in aphasia can provide insights into the functional relation of the cognitive processing systems involved. In the present study, we first review treatment outcomes of interventions targeting sentence processing deficits and, second report a treatment study examining the occurrence of practice effects and generalisation in sentence comprehension and production. In order to explore the potential linkage between processing systems involved in comprehending and producing sentences, we investigated whether improvements generalise within (i.e., uni-modal generalisation in comprehension or in production) and/or across modalities (i.e., cross-modal generalisation from comprehension to production or vice versa). Two individuals with aphasia displaying co-occurring deficits in sentence comprehension and production were trained on complex, non-canonical sentences in both modalities. Two evidence-based treatment protocols were applied in a crossover intervention study with sequence of treatment phases being randomly allocated. Both participants benefited significantly from treatment, leading to uni-modal generalisation in both comprehension and production. However, cross-modal generalisation did not occur. The magnitude of uni-modal generalisation in sentence production was related to participants’ sentence comprehension performance prior to treatment. These findings support the assumption of modality-specific sub-systems for sentence comprehension and production, being linked uni-directionally from comprehension to production. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 300 KW - sentence comprehension KW - sentence production KW - cross-modal generalisation KW - aphasia treatment Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-96365 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Aviad A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno T1 - Modeling sonority in terms of pitch intelligibility with the nucleus attraction principle JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - Sonority is a fundamental notion in phonetics and phonology, central to many descriptions of the syllable and various useful predictions in phonotactics. Although widely accepted, sonority lacks a clear basis in speech articulation or perception, given that traditional formal principles in linguistic theory are often exclusively based on discrete units in symbolic representation and are typically not designed to be compatible with auditory perception, sensorimotor control, or general cognitive capacities. In addition, traditional sonority principles also exhibit systematic gaps in empirical coverage. Against this backdrop, we propose the incorporation of symbol-based and signal-based models to adequately account for sonority in a complementary manner. We claim that sonority is primarily a perceptual phenomenon related to pitch, driving the optimization of syllables as pitch-bearing units in all language systems. We suggest a measurable acoustic correlate for sonority in terms of periodic energy, and we provide a novel principle that can account for syllabic well-formedness, the nucleus attraction principle (NAP). We present perception experiments that test our two NAP-based models against four traditional sonority models, and we use a Bayesian data analysis approach to test and compare them. Our symbolic NAP model outperforms all the other models we test, while our continuous bottom-up NAP model is at second place, along with the best performing traditional models. We interpret the results as providing strong support for our proposals: (i) the designation of periodic energy as the acoustic correlate of sonority; (ii) the incorporation of continuous entities in phonological models of perception; and (iii) the dual-model strategy that separately analyzes symbol-based top-down processes and signal-based bottom-up processes in speech perception. KW - Sonority KW - Pitch intelligibility KW - Periodic energy KW - Bayesian data KW - analysis KW - Speech perception KW - Phonetics and phonology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13161 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 46 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aldrup, Marit T1 - Well let me put it uhm the other way around maybe’ BT - Managing students’ trouble displays in the CLIL classroom JF - Classroom discourse N2 - This study is concerned with repair practices that a teacher and students employ to restore intersubjectivity when faced with interactional problems in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom. Adopting a conversation analytic (CA) approach, it examines the interactional treatment of students’ verbal and embodied trouble displays in a video-recorded, teacher-fronted geography lesson held in English at a German high school. At the same time, it explores to what extent the repair practices employed are fitted to this specific interactional context. The analysis shows that students’ verbal trouble displays often result in extensive repair sequences, whereas students’ embodied trouble displays are usually met with teacher self-repair in the transition space. In this way, the latter are resolved much earlier and more quickly. The study further reveals practices like reformulation and translation to be especially useful for repairing interactional problems in classrooms in which a foreign language is used as the medium of instruction. The findings may be of interest for prospective as well as practicing teachers in that they provide relevant insights into how interactional trouble can be successfully managed in (CLIL) classroom interaction. KW - Trouble displays KW - repair KW - embodiment KW - classroom interaction KW - conversation analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1567360 SN - 1946-3014 SN - 1946-3022 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 70 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - THES A1 - Alexiadou, Artemis T1 - Issues in the syntax of adverbs Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexiadou, Artemis T1 - A form-function mismatch? BT - The case of Greek deponents JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432235 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 107 EP - 117 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Allefeld, Carsten A1 - Frisch, Stefan T1 - Phase synchronization analysis of event-related potentials in language processing N2 - Phase synchronization analysis, including our recently introduced multivariate approach, is applied to event-related EEG data from an experiment on language processing, following a classic psycholinguistic paradigm. For the two types of experimental manipulation distinct effects in overall synchronization are found; for one of them they can also be localized. The synchronization effects occur earlier than those found by the conventional analysis method, indicating that the new approach provides additional information on the underlying neuronal process. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 073 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-20113 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Allefeld, Carsten A1 - Frisch, Stefan A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias T1 - Detection of early cognitive processing by event-related phase synchronization analysis N2 - In order to investigate the temporal characteristics of cognitive processing, we apply multivariate phase synchronization analysis to event-related potentials. The experimental design combines a semantic incongruity in a sentence context with a physical mismatch (color change). In the ERP average, these result in an N400 component and a P300-like positivity, respectively. Synchronization analysis shows an effect of global desynchronization in the theta band around 288 ms after stimulus presentation for the semantic incongruity, while the physical mismatch elicits an increase of global synchronization in the alpha band around 204 ms. Both of these effects clearly precede those in the ERP aver-age. Moreover, the delay between synchronization effect and ERP component correlates with the complexity Of the cognitive processes. (C) 2005 Lippincott Williams Wilkins Y1 - 2005 SN - 0959-4965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alxatib, Sam A1 - Sauerland, Ulrich T1 - Vagueness JF - The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics N2 - Though vague phenomena have been studied extensively for many decades, it is only in recent years that researchers sought the support of quantitative data. This chapter highlights and discusses the insights that experimental methods brought to the study of vagueness. One area focused on are ‘borderline contradictions’, that is, sentences like ‘She is neither tall nor not tall’ that are contradictory when analysed in classical logic, but are actually acceptable as descriptions of borderline cases. The flourishing of theories and experimental studies that borderline contradictions have led to are examined closely. Beyond this illustrative case, an overview of recent studies that concern the classification of types of vagueness, the use of numbers, rounding, number modification, and the general pragmatic status of vagueness is provided. KW - vagueness KW - gradability KW - categories KW - borderline cases KW - contradiction KW - valency KW - imprecision KW - hysteresis KW - pragmatics KW - semantics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.24 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amaechi, Mary Chimaobi A1 - Georgi, Doreen T1 - Quirks of subject (non-)extraction in Igbo JF - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics N2 - In this paper we present new data on a subject/non-subject extraction asymmetry in Igbo constituent questions. We provide evidence that the superficially morphological phenomenon reflects a deeper syntactic asymmetry: Unlike wh-non-subjects, wh-subjects cannot undergo local (A) over bar -movement to the left periphery (SpecFoc); rather, they have to stay in their canonical position SpecT. The same constraint also leads to the that-trace effect (absence of the complementizer) in the embedded clause of long subject wh-movement. We argue that what is responsible for the special status of wh-subjects is their high structural position. We provide an optimality-theoretic analysis of the asymmetry that is based on anti-locality: Local subject (A) over bar -movement is excluded because it is too short. Moreover, we address the nature of apparent wh-in-situ in Igbo. KW - extraction asymmetries KW - wh-movement KW - wh-in-situ KW - focus marking KW - that-trace effect Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.607 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amaechi, Mary Chimaobi A1 - Georgi, Doreen T1 - On optional wh-/focus fronting in Igbo BT - a SYN-SEM-PHON interaction JF - Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft N2 - This paper discusses surface optionality in focus fronting in the Benue-Congo language Igbo. A focused XP can occur in-situ or ex-situ. We argue that the optionality does not have its origins in the syntax: in fact, exactly one focused XP has to move to the designated focus position in the left periphery in the syntax. The alternation between in-situ and ex-situ rather arises at PF: either the lowest or the topmost copy of the focus chain is pronounced. The choice is determined by semantic-pragmatic factors, i. e., we see an interaction between PF and LF. This constitutes a challenge for a strict version of the Y-model of grammar. KW - (A)over-bar-movement KW - focus realization KW - PF-optionality KW - Y-model KW - copy KW - pronounciation KW - Benue-Congo languages Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2020-2017 SN - 0721-9067 SN - 1613-3706 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 299 EP - 327 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arantzeta, Miren A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Wieling, Martijn Benjamin A1 - Martinez-Zabaleta, Maite A1 - Laka, Itziar T1 - Eye-tracking the effect of word order in sentence comprehension in aphasia BT - evidence from Basque, a free word order ergative language JF - Language, cognition and neuroscience N2 - Agrammatic speakers of languages with overt grammatical case show impaired use of the morphological cues to establish theta-role relations in sentences presented in non-canonical word orders. We analysed the effect of word order on the sentence comprehension of aphasic speakers of Basque, an ergative, free word order and head-final (SOV) language. Ergative languages such as Basque establish a one-to-one mapping of the thematic role and the case marker. We collected behavioural and gaze-fixation data while agrammatic speakers performed a picture-matching task with auditorily presented sentences with different word orders. We found that people with aphasia (PWA) had difficulties in assigning theta-roles in Theme-Agent order. This result is in line with processing accounts. Contrary to previous findings, our data do not suggest a systematic delay in the integration of morphological information in the PWA group, but strong reliance on the ergative case morphology and difficulties assigning thematic roles into the determiner phrases. KW - Aphasia KW - comprehension KW - Basque KW - sentence processing KW - eye-tracking Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1344715 SN - 2327-3798 SN - 2327-3801 VL - 32 IS - 10 SP - 1320 EP - 1343 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arantzeta, Miren A1 - Webster, Janet A1 - Laka, Itziar A1 - Martinez-Zabaleta, Maite A1 - Howard, David T1 - What happens when they think they are right? BT - Error awareness analysis of sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: Comprehension of non-canonical sentences is frequently characterised by chance level performance in people with aphasia (PWA). Chance level performance has been interpreted as guessing, but online data does not support this rendering. It is still not clear whether the incorrect sentence processing is guided by the compensatory strategies that PWA might employ to overcome linguistic difficulties.Aims: We aim to study to what extent people with non-fluent aphasia are aware of their sentence comprehension deficits.Methods & Procedures: This study combined offline and online data to investigate the effect of word order and error-awareness on sentence comprehension in a group of PWA and non-brain damaged (NBD) participants. The offline tasks involved auditory sentence picture-matching immediately followed by a confidence rating (CR). Participants were asked to judge the perceived correctness of their previous answer. Online data consisted of eye-tracking.Outcomes & Results: Replicating previous findings, PWA had significantly worse comprehension of Theme-Agent order compared to Agent-Theme order sentences. Controls showed ceiling level sentence comprehension. CR was a poor predictor of response accuracy in PWA, but moderate-good in NBD. A total of 6.8% of judgements were classified as guessing by PWA. Post hoc gaze data analysis indicated that CR was a predictor of the fixation pattern during the presentation of the linguistic stimuli.Conclusions: Results suggest that PWA were mostly unaware of their sentence comprehension errors and did not consciously employ strategies to compensate for their difficulties. KW - Aphasia KW - sentence comprehension KW - error awareness KW - eye-tracking KW - anosognosia Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2017.1423270 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 32 IS - 12 SP - 1418 EP - 1444 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Taylor A1 - Ballier, Nicolas A1 - Lisson, Paula A1 - Tilton, Lauren T1 - Beyond lexical frequencies: using R for text analysis in the digital humanities JF - Language resources and evaluation N2 - This paper presents a combination of R packages-user contributed toolkits written in a common core programming language-to facilitate the humanistic investigation of digitised, text-based corpora.Our survey of text analysis packages includes those of our own creation (cleanNLP and fasttextM) as well as packages built by other research groups (stringi, readtext, hyphenatr, quanteda, and hunspell). By operating on generic object types, these packages unite research innovations in corpus linguistics, natural language processing, machine learning, statistics, and digital humanities. We begin by extrapolating on the theoretical benefits of R as an elaborate gluing language for bringing together several areas of expertise and compare it to linguistic concordancers and other tool-based approaches to text analysis in the digital humanities. We then showcase the practical benefits of an ecosystem by illustrating how R packages have been integrated into a digital humanities project. Throughout, the focus is on moving beyond the bag-of-words, lexical frequency model by incorporating linguistically-driven analyses in research. KW - Digital humanities KW - Text mining KW - R KW - Text interoperability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09456-6 SN - 1574-020X SN - 1574-0218 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 707 EP - 733 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arsenijevic, Boban A1 - Mitic, Ivana T1 - On the Number-Gender (In)dependence in Agreement with Coordinated Subjects JF - Journal of Slavic linguistics : journal of the Slavic Linguistics Society N2 - This paper examines the availability of single-conjunct agreement in number and gender in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian. Reported are the results of an experiment in which coordinated singulars are included, as well as disjunction and negative-concord conjunction, next to the typically examined conjoined plurals. The research shows that, contra the general assumptions in the literature (Marusic, Nevins, and Saksida 2007, Marusic, Nevins, and Badecker 2015, Boskovic 2009) but in line with earlier research (Moskovljevic 1983, Bojovic 2003), single-conjunct agreement does occur with coordinated singulars, especially in gender, even if less frequently. This paper shows that (i) first-conjunct agreement in gender preverbally and even last-conjunct agreement postverbally are produced above error level, and that the availability of collective interpretations for the coordinated subject influences the acceptability of the different agreement patterns available, and (ii) number and gender agreement do not have to target the same constituent. The findings shed light on the relation between the features of number and gender with regard to the issues of their bundling and simultaneous agreement, where the experimental results suggest that, while number tends to agree in a pattern that fits either semantic agreement or agreement with the entire conjunction, gender prefers to target single members of coordination, the first or the last. We speculate that a degree of "attraction" obtains, whereby number may attract gender to agree with the entire conjunction or gender may attract number to agree with a single conjunct. The results are used to compare two analyses offered in the literature-Marusic, Nevins, and Saksida 2007/Marusic, Nevins, and Badecker 2015 and Boskovic 2009-showing that our empirical findings are problematic for both, but give a certain advantage to Marusic and his co-authors. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2016.0006 SN - 1068-2090 SN - 1543-0391 VL - 24 SP - 41 EP - 69 PB - Slavica Publishers CY - Bloomington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seckin A1 - De Kok, Dörte A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Processing grammatical evidentiality and time reference in Turkish heritage and monolingual speakers JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. KW - evidentiality KW - time reference KW - heritage language speaker KW - Turkish-Dutch bilingualism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891500084X SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 20 SP - 457 EP - 472 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seçkin A1 - Aksu-Koc, Ayhan A1 - Mavis, Ilknur A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Finite verb inflections for evidential categories and source JF - Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies KW - Agrammatic aphasia KW - Evidentiality KW - Source identification KW - Discourse-linking KW - Time reference KW - Tense and aspect Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.07.002 SN - 0378-2166 SN - 1879-1387 VL - 70 SP - 165 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seçkin A1 - Bamyaci, Elif A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - A characterization of verb use in Turkish agrammatic narrative speech JF - Philosophische Rundschau N2 - This study investigates the characteristics of narrative-speech production and the use of verbs in Turkish agrammatic speakers (n = 10) compared to non-brain-damaged controls (n = 10). To elicit narrative-speech samples, personal interviews and storytelling tasks were conducted. Turkish has a large and regular verb inflection paradigm where verbs are inflected for evidentiality (i.e. direct versus indirect evidence available to the speaker). Particularly, we explored the general characteristics of the speech samples (e.g. utterance length) and the uses of lexical, finite and non-finite verbs and direct and indirect evidentials. The results show that speech rate is slow, verbs per utterance are lower than normal and the verb diversity is reduced in the agrammatic speakers. Verb inflection is relatively intact; however, a trade-off pattern between inflection for direct evidentials and verb diversity is found. The implications of the data are discussed in connection with narrative-speech production studies on other languages. KW - Agrammatism KW - discourse-linking KW - finiteness KW - evidentiality KW - narrative speech KW - Turkish KW - verbs Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2016.1144224 SN - 0269-9206 SN - 1464-5076 VL - 30 SP - 449 EP - 469 PB - J. C. B. Mohr CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seçkin A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Looking at the evidence in visual world: eye-movements reveal how bilingual and monolingual Turkish speakers process grammatical evidentiality JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - This study presents pioneering data on how adult early bilinguals (heritage speakers) and late bilingual speakers of Turkish and German process grammatical evidentiality in a visual world setting in comparison to monolingual speakers of Turkish. Turkish marks evidentiality, the linguistic reference to information source, through inflectional affixes signaling either direct (-DI) or indirect (-mls) evidentiality. We conducted an eyetracking-during-listening experiment where participants were given access to visual 'evidence' supporting the use of either a direct or indirect evidential form. The behavioral results indicate that the monolingual Turkish speakers comprehended direct and indirect evidential scenarios equally well. In contrast, both late and early bilinguals were less accurate and slower to respond to direct than to indirect evidentials. The behavioral results were also reflected in the proportions of looks data. That is, both late and early bilinguals fixated less frequently on the target picture in the direct than in the indirect evidential condition while the monolinguals showed no difference between these conditions. Taken together, our results indicate reduced sensitivity to the semantic and pragmatic function of direct evidential forms in both late and early bilingual speakers, suggesting a simplification of the Turkish evidentiality system in Turkish heritage grammars. We discuss our findings with regard to theories of incomplete acquisition and first language attrition. KW - evidentiality KW - information source KW - inference KW - witnessing KW - visual world paradigm KW - eye-movements KW - Turkish-German bilingualism Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01387 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asher, Nicholas A1 - Reese, Brian T1 - Intonation and discourse BT - biased questions N2 - This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse. KW - Bias KW - Intonation KW - Prosody KW - Complex Speech Acts KW - Negative KW - Polar Questions KW - Tag Questions KW - SDRT Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19399 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asu, Eva-Liina A1 - Schötz, Susanne A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - The acoustics of Estonian Swedish long close vowels as compared to Central Swedish and Finland Swedish Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.ling.su.se/fon/fonetik_2009/proceedings_fonetik2009.pdf SN - 978-91-633-4892-1 (print) ER - TY - THES A1 - Atasoy, Atilla T1 - Production, perception, and processing of focus in Turkish N2 - The main goal of this dissertation is to experimentally investigate how focus is realised, perceived, and processed by native Turkish speakers, independent of preconceived notions of positional restrictions. Crucially, there are various issues and scientific debates surrounding focus in the Turkish language in the existing literature (chapter 1). It is argued in this dissertation that two factors led to the stagnant literature on focus in Turkish: the lack of clearly defined, modern understandings of information structure and its fundamental notion of focus, and the ongoing and ill-defined debate surrounding the question of whether there is an immediately preverbal focus position in Turkish. These issues gave rise to specific research questions addressed across this dissertation. Specifically, we were interested in how the focus dimensions such as focus size (comparing narrow constituent and broad sentence focus), focus target (comparing narrow subject and narrow object focus), and focus type (comparing new-information and contrastive focus) affect Turkish focus realisation and, in turn, focus comprehension when speakers are provided syntactic freedom to position focus as they see fit. To provide data on these core goals, we presented three behavioural experiments based on a systematic framework of information structure and its notions (chapter 2): (i) a production task with trigger wh-questions and contextual animations manipulated to elicit the focus dimensions of interest (chapter 3), (ii) a timed acceptability judgment task in listening to the recorded answers in our production task (chapter 4), and (iii) a self-paced reading task to gather on-line processing data (chapter 5). Based on the results of the conducted experiments, multiple conclusions are made in this dissertation (chapter 6). Firstly, this dissertation demonstrated empirically that there is no focus position in Turkish, neither in the sense of a strict focus position language nor as a focally loaded position facilitating focus perception and/or processing. While focus is, in fact, syntactically variable in the Turkish preverbal area, this is a consequence of movement triggered by other IS aspects like topicalisation and backgrounding, and the observational markedness of narrow subject focus compared to narrow object focus. As for focus type in Turkish, this dimension is not associated with word order in production, perception, or processing. Significant acoustic correlates of focus size (broad sentence focus vs narrow constituent focus) and focus target (narrow subject focus vs narrow object focus) were observed in fundamental frequency and intensity, representing focal boost, (postfocal) deaccentuation, and the presence or absence of a phrase-final rise in the prenucleus, while the perceivability of these effects remains to be investigated. In contrast, no acoustic correlates of focus type in simple, three-word transitive structures were observed, with focus types being interchangeable in mismatched question-answer pairs. Overall, the findings of this dissertation highlight the need for experimental investigations regarding focus in Turkish, as theoretical predictions do not necessarily align with experimental data. As such, the fallacy of implying causation from correlation should be strictly kept in mind, especially when constructions coincide with canonical structures, such as the immediately preverbal position in narrow object foci. Finally, numerous open questions remain to be explored, especially as focus and word order in Turkish are multifaceted. As shown, givenness is a confounding factor when investigating focus types, while thematic role assignment potentially confounds word order preferences. Further research based on established, modern information structure frameworks is needed, with chapter 5 concluding with specific recommendations for such future research. N2 - Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation war die experimentelle Untersuchung, wie Muttersprachler des Türkischen Fokus realisieren, wahrnehmen und sprachlich verarbeiten, unabhängig von vorgefassten Meinungen betreffend Positionsbeschränkungen. Entscheidend ist, dass es in der vorhandenen Literatur verschiedene Probleme und wissenschaftliche Debatten zum Thema Fokus in der türkischen Sprache gibt (Kapitel 1). In dieser Dissertation wird argumentiert, dass zwei Faktoren zu der stagnierenden Forschung zum Thema Fokus im Türkischen beitrugen: Das Fehlen eines klar definierten modernen Verständnisses der Informationsstruktur und ihres grundlegenden Begriffs von Fokus und die anhaltende und unklare Debatte um die Frage, ob es im Türkischen eine unmittelbar präverbale Fokusposition gibt. Diese Probleme führten zu den jeweiligen Forschungsfragen, die in dieser Dissertation behandelt wurden. Ausdrücklich lag das Interesse darauf, wie die Fokusdimensionen Fokusgröße, der Vergleich von schmalem Fokus (narrow focus) auf der Konstituente und breitem, projiziertem Fokus (broad focus) auf dem Satz, Fokusziel, der Vergleich von schmalem Subjektfokus und Objektfokus, und Fokustyp, der Vergleich von Fokus auf neuer Information (new-inforamtion focus) und Kontrastfokus, die Fokusrealisierung und -wahrnehmung im Türkischen beeinflussen, wenn den Sprechern syntaktische Freiheit gegeben wird Fokus nach Belieben im Satz zu positionieren. Basierend auf einen systematischen theoretischen Rahmen der Informationsstruktur und ihrer Begriffe (Kapitel 2), wurden drei Verhaltensexperimente in dieser Dissertation präsentiert, um Daten zu diesen Kernzielen vorzulegen: (i) ein Produktionsexperiment mit Fragen und kontextbezogenen Animationen als Trigger manipuliert, um die obengenannten Fokusdimensionen zu untersuchen, (ii) ein zeitlich gemessenes Akzeptanzexperiment (timed acceptability judgment task) beim Anhören der Antworten aufgezeichnet in unserem Produktionsexperiment und (iii) ein selbstbestimmtes Leseexperiment (self-paced reading task) zur Untersuchung der sprachlichen Verarbeitung (on-line language processing). Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Experimente werden in dieser Dissertation mehrere Schlussfolgerungen gezogen (Kapitel 6). Diese Dissertation hat zum einen empirisch nachgewiesen, dass es im Türkischen keine Fokusposition gibt, weder im Sinne einer strikten Fokusposition noch als fokal geladene Position, die die Fokuswahrnehmung und/oder -verarbeitung erleichtert. Während Fokus im türkischen präverbalen Bereich tatsächlich syntaktisch variabel ist, ist dies eine Folge syntaktischer Strategien anderer IS-Aspekte, wie etwa Topikalisierung und Hintergrundbildung (backgrounding), wie auch die additive Kennzeichnung schmaler Subjektfokusse im Vergleich zum Objektfokus. Was Fokustyp im Türkischen betrifft, ist diese Fokusdimension nicht mit Wortstellung in Produktion, Wahrnehmung oder Verarbeitung assoziiert. Signifikante akustische Korrelate der Fokusgröße (breiter Satzfokus vs. schmalen Konstituentenfokus) und Fokusziel (schmaler Subjektfokus vs. schmalen Objektfokus) in Grundfrequenz und Intensität in Form von Fokusverstärkung (focal boost), (postfokaler) Deakzentuierung und dem Vorhandensein oder Fehlen eines phrasenfinalen Anstiegs im Pränukleus wurden beobachtet, während die Wahrnehmbarkeit dieser Effekte noch zu untersuchen ist. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden keine akustischen Korrelate für Fokustyp in simplen transitiven Dreiwortstrukturen beobachtet, wobei Fokustypen in nicht übereinstimmenden Frage-Antwort-Paaren austauschbar waren. Insgesamt unterstreichen die oben skizzierten Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation die Notwendigkeit experimenteller Untersuchungen zu Fokus im Türkischen, da theoretische Vorhersagen nicht immer mit experimentellen Daten übereinstimmen. Der Trugschluss, dass Korrelation Kausalität impliziert, sollte strikt im Auge behalten werden, insbesondere wenn Konstruktionen mit kanonischen Strukturen übereinstimmen, wie etwa die unmittelbar präverbale Position in schmalen Objektfokussen. Schließlich sind noch zahlreiche offene Fragen zu klären, zumal Fokus und Wortstellung im Türkischen vielfältig sind. Wie in dieser Dissertation gezeigt wurde, ist Gegebenheit ein Störfaktor in der Untersuchung von Fokustypen. Ebenfalls ist zu vermuten, dass thematische Rollenzuweisung im Türkischen Präferenzen in Wortstellung hervorrufen können, die als Fokuseffekte fehlinterpretiert werden könnten. Weitere Forschung auf der Grundlage etablierter theoretischer Informationsstrukturrahmen ist erforderlich. Kapitel 5 schließt mit konkreten Empfehlungen für solche zukünftigen Untersuchungen ab. T2 - Produktion, Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Fokus im Türkischen KW - focus KW - information structure KW - Turkish KW - focus realisation KW - Türkisch KW - Fokus KW - Fokusrealisierung KW - Informationsstruktur Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548156 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Avetisyan, Serine A1 - Lago, Sol A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Does case marking affect agreement attraction in comprehension? JF - Journal of memory and language N2 - Previous studies have suggested that distinctive case marking on noun phrases reduces attraction effects in production, i.e., the tendency to produce a verb that agrees with a nonsubject noun. An important open question is whether attraction effects are modulated by case information in sentence comprehension. To address this question, we conducted three attraction experiments in Armenian, a language with a rich and productive case system. The experiments showed clear attraction effects, and they also revealed an overall role of case marking such that participants showed faster response and reading times when the nouns in the sentence had different case. However, we found little indication that distinctive case marking modulated attraction effects. We present a theoretical proposal of how case and number information may be used differentially during agreement licensing in comprehension. More generally, this work sheds light on the nature of the retrieval cues deployed when completing morphosyntactic dependencies. KW - subject-verb agreement KW - attraction KW - Case KW - Eastern Armenian KW - cue-based KW - retrieval KW - comprehension Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104087 SN - 0749-596X SN - 1096-0821 VL - 112 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aydelott, Jennifer A1 - Baer-Henney, Dinah A1 - Trzaskowski, Maciej A1 - Leech, Robert A1 - Dick, Frederic T1 - Sentence comprehension in competing speech dichotic sentence-word priming reveals hemispheric differences in auditory semantic processing JF - Language and cognitive processes N2 - This study examined the effects of competing speech on auditory semantic comprehension using a dichotic sentence-word priming paradigm. Lexical decision performance for target words presented in spoken sentences was compared in strongly and weakly biasing semantic contexts. Targets were either congruent or incongruent with the sentential bias. Sentences were presented to one auditory channel (right or left), either in isolation or with competing speech produced by a single talker of the same gender presented simultaneously. The competing speech signal was either presented in the same auditory channel as the sentence context, or in a different auditory channel, and was either meaningful (played forward) or unintelligible (time-reversed). Biasing contexts presented in isolation facilitated responses to congruent targets and inhibited responses to incongruent targets, relative to a neutral baseline. Facilitation priming was reduced or eliminated by competing speech presented in the same auditory channel, supporting previous findings that semantic activation is highly sensitive to the intelligibility of the context signal. Competing speech presented in a different auditory channel affected facilitation priming differentially depending upon ear of presentation, suggesting hemispheric differences in the processing of the attended and competing signals. Results were consistent with previous claims of a right ear advantage for meaningful speech, as well as with visual word recognition findings implicating the left hemisphere in the generation of semantic predictions and the right hemisphere in the integration of newly encountered words into the sentence-level meaning. Unlike facilitation priming, inhibition was relatively robust to the energetic and informational masking effects of competing speech and was not influenced by the strength of the contextual bias or the meaningfulness of the competing signal, supporting a two-process model of sentence priming in which inhibition reflects later-stage, expectancy-driven strategic processes that may benefit from perceptual reanalysis after initial semantic activation. KW - Auditory language comprehension KW - Semantic priming KW - Hemispheric asymmetries KW - Lexical access KW - Multitalker environments KW - Competing speech Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2011.589735 SN - 0169-0965 VL - 27 IS - 7-8 SP - 1108 EP - 1144 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baayen, Harald R. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Bates, Douglas T1 - The cave of shadows: Addressing the human factor with generalized additive mixed models JF - Journal of memory and language KW - Generalized additive mixed models KW - Within-experiment adaptation KW - Autocorrelation KW - Experimental time series KW - Confirmatory versus exploratory data analysis KW - Model selection Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.11.006 SN - 0749-596X SN - 1096-0821 VL - 94 SP - 206 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Marking Finiteness and Low Peripheries JF - Boundaries Crossed, at the Interfaces of Morphosyntax, Phonology, Pragmatics and Semantics N2 - The article takes up on the observations made byKenesei (1994) regarding the position of the Hungarian interrogative marker -e in the clause and its distribution across clause types. Specifically, there are three crucial points: (i) the marker -e is related to the CP-domain, where clause typing is encoded; (ii) -e is obligatory in embedded clauses and optional in main clauses; (iii) -e is licensed in finite clauses only. I argue that certain clause-typing properties are reflected in the Hungarian clause in a lower functional domain, FP. In particular, finiteness and the interrogative nature of the clause are encoded here, as also indicated by focussing in non-interrogative clauses and by constituent questions, respectively. The marker -e is base-generated in the F head, as opposed to a designated FocP or TP/IP, allowing it to fulfil its clause-typing functions. Base-generation is crucial (as opposed to lowering from C) since it is able to capture the relatedness between -e and finiteness: -e is specified as [fin] and while the FP may be generated to host focussed constituents (including wh-elements) in non-finite clauses, a lexically [fin] head cannot be inserted. KW - Clause typing KW - Finiteness KW - Focus KW - Functional left peripheries KW - Interrogatives KW - Polar questions Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-90710-9 SN - 978-3-319-90709-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90710-9_12 SN - 0924-4670 VL - 94 SP - 183 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - The syntax of functional left peripheries BT - clause typing in west germanic and beyond Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Cyclical change in Hungarian comparatives JF - Diachronica N2 - This paper examines cyclical changes in comparative subclauses, showing how operators are reanalysed as complementisers via the general mechanism of the relative cycle, and how this is related to whether certain lexical elements have to be deleted at the left periphery. I also show that only operators appearing without a lexical XP can be grammaticalised, which follows from the nature of the formal features associated with the various operator elements. Though the main focus is on Hungarian historical data, the framework can be applied to other languages too, such as German and Italian, since the changes stem from general principles of economy. KW - Comparative Deletion KW - comparative subclause KW - complementiser combinations KW - economy KW - left periphery KW - reanalysis KW - relative cycle KW - reinforcement Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.31.4.01bac SN - 0176-4225 SN - 1569-9714 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 465 EP - 505 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Structural case and ambiguity in reduced comparative subclauses in English and German JF - Acta linguistica Hungarica : an international journal of linguistics N2 - The paper argues that structural case assignment properties of English and German reduced comparative subclauses arise from syntactic requirements as well as processes holding at the syntax-phonology interface. I show that constructions involving both an adjectival and a verbal predicate require the subject remnant of the adjectival predicate to be marked for the accusative case both in English and German, which cannot be explained by the notion of default accusative case, especially because German has no default accusative case. I argue that a phonologically defective subclause is reanalysed as part of the matrix clausal object, and hence receives accusative morphological case. KW - case syncretism KW - comparative subclause KW - ellipsis KW - structural ambiguity KW - structural case Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1556/ALing.61.2014.4.1 SN - 1216-8076 SN - 1588-2624 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 363 EP - 378 PB - Akadémiai Kiadó CY - Budapest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Descriptive typology and linguistic theory: A study in the morphosyntax of relative clauses JF - Acta linguistica Hungarica : an international journal of linguistics Y1 - 2016 SN - 1216-8076 SN - 1588-2624 VL - 63 SP - 97 EP - 112 PB - Akadémiai Kiadó CY - Budapest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432222 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 95 EP - 106 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Theresa Biberauer a. George Walkden (eds.): Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological, and Information – Structural Interactions / [reviewed by] Julia Bacskai‐Atkari T2 - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur N2 - Rezensiertes Werk Theresa Biberauer u. George Walkden (Hgg.): Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological, and Information – Structural Interactions - Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, 418 S. T2 - Theresa Biberauer u. George Walkden (Hgg.): Syntax over Time: Lexical, Morphological, and Information – Structural Interactions / [rezensiert von] Julia Bacskai‐Atkari T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 326 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-398015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - The syntax of comparative constructions : operators, ellipsis phenomena and functional left peripheries T1 - Die Syntax von Vergleichskonstruktionen : Operatoren, Ellipsenphänomene und funktionale linke Peripherien N2 - Adopting a minimalist framework, the dissertation provides an analysis for the syntactic structure of comparatives, with special attention paid to the derivation of the subclause. The proposed account explains how the comparative subclause is connected to the matrix clause, how the subclause is formed in the syntax and what additional processes contribute to its final structure. In addition, it casts light upon these problems in cross-linguistic terms and provides a model that allows for synchronic and diachronic differences. This also enables one to give a more adequate explanation for the phenomena found in English comparatives since the properties of English structures can then be linked to general settings of the language and hence need no longer be considered as idiosyncratic features of the grammar of English. First, the dissertation provides a unified analysis of degree expressions, relating the structure of comparatives to that of other degrees. It is shown that gradable adjectives are located within a degree phrase (DegP), which in turn projects a quantifier phrase (QP) and that these two functional layers are always present, irrespectively of whether there is a phonologically visible element in these layers. Second, the dissertation presents a novel analysis of Comparative Deletion by reducing it to an overtness constraint holding on operators: in this way, it is reduced to morphological differences and cross-linguistic variation is not conditioned by way of postulating an arbitrary parameter. Cross-linguistic differences are ultimately dependent on whether a language has overt operators equipped with the relevant – [+compr] and [+rel] – features. Third, the dissertation provides an adequate explanation for the phenomenon of Attributive Comparative Deletion, as attested in English, by way of relating it to the regular mechanism of Comparative Deletion. I assume that Attributive Comparative Deletion is not a universal phenomenon, and its presence in English can be conditioned by independent, more general rules, while the absence of such restrictions leads to its absence in other languages. Fourth, the dissertation accounts for certain phenomena related to diachronic changes, examining how the changes in the status of comparative operators led to changes in whether Comparative Deletion is attested in a given language: I argue that only operators without a lexical XP can be grammaticalised. The underlying mechanisms underlying are essentially general economy principles and hence the processes are not language-specific or exceptional. Fifth, the dissertation accounts for optional ellipsis processes that play a crucial role in the derivation of typical comparative subclauses. These processes are not directly related to the structure of degree expressions and hence the elimination of the quantified expression from the subclause; nevertheless, they are shown to be in interaction with the mechanisms underlying Comparative Deletion or the absence thereof. N2 - Unter Verwendung eines minimalistischen Frameworks wird in der Dissertation eine Analyse der syntaktischen Struktur von Vergleichskonstruktionen vorgestellt, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf der Ableitung des eingebetteten Satzes. Die vorgeschlagene Analyse erklärt, wie der komparative Nebensatz mit dem Matrixsatz verbunden ist, wie der Nebensatz in der Syntax gebildet wird und welche zusätzlichen Prozesse zu seiner endgültigen Struktur beitragen. Außerdem beleuchtet sie diese Probleme aus cross-linguistischer Sicht und bietet ein Modell, das synchrone und diachrone Unterschiede berücksichtigt. Dies ermöglicht auch eine adäquatere Erklärung der Phänomene in englischen Vergleichskonstruktionen, da die Eigenschaften der englischen Strukturen mit allgemeinen Eigenschaften der Sprache verknüpft werden und es daher nicht mehr nötig ist, sie als idiosynkratrische Merkmale der Grammatik der englischen Sprache zu behandeln. Die Dissertation bietet zum einen eine einheitliche Analyse von Gradphrasen, wobei die Struktur von Vergleichskonstruktionen mit der von anderen Graden verbunden wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass graduierbare Adjektive sich in einer Gradphrase (degree phrase, DegP) befinden, die wiederum eine Quantorenphrase (QP) projiziert, und dass diese beiden Funktionsschichten immer vorhanden sind, unabhängig davon, ob es ein phonologisch sichtbares Element in diesen Schichten gibt. Zweitens präsentiert die Dissertation eine neue Analyse von Komparativ-Tilgung (Comparative Deletion), die auf eine Overtheits-Bedingung für Operatoren reduziert wird: dadurch wird das Phänomen auf morphologische Unterschiede zurückgeführt, und cross-linguistische Variation wird nicht durch die Postulierung eines arbiträren Parameters begründet. Cross-linguistische Unterschiede sind letztlich davon abhängig, ob eine Sprache overte Operatoren mit den relevanten Merkmalen – [+ compr] und [+ rel] – hat. Drittens bietet die Dissertation eine adäquate Erklärung für das Phänomen der attributiven Komparativ-Tilgung (Attributive Comparative Deletion), wie man sie im Englischen findet, indem sie mit dem regulären Mechanismus der Komparativ-Tilgung in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Ich gehe davon aus, dass attributive Komparativ-Tilgung kein universelles Phänomen ist, und dass ihr Vorhandensein im Englischen durch unabhängige, allgemeinere Regeln erfasst werden kann, während das Fehlen solcher Regeln zur Abwesenheit des Phänomens in anderen Sprachen führt. Viertens erklärt die Dissertation bestimmte Phänomene in Bezug auf diachronische Veränderungen und untersucht, wie Veränderungen im Status der Komparativoperatoren beeinflussen, ob Komparativ-Tilgung in einer Sprache vorkommt: Ich argumentiere dafür, dass nur Operatoren ohne eine lexikalische XP grammatikalisiert werden können. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind im Wesentlichen allgemeine Prinzipien der Ökonomie, und damit sind die Prozesse nicht sprachspezifisch oder Ausnahmen. Fünftens bietet die Dissertation eine Erklärung für optionale Ellipsenprozesse, die bei der Ableitung von typischen komparativen Nebensätzen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Diese Prozesse haben nicht direkt mit der Struktur von Gradphrasen und somit mit der Entfernung der quantifizierten Phrase aus dem Nebensatz zu tun; aber es wird gezeigt, dass sie mit den Mechanismen, die Komparativ-Tilgung oder deren Abwesenheit zugrunde liegen, interagieren. KW - komparative Nebensätze KW - Komparativ-Tilgung KW - Gradphrasen KW - linke Peripherie KW - Overtheits-Bedingung KW - comparative subclauses KW - Comparative Deletion KW - degree phrases KW - left periphery KW - overtness requirement Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71255 SN - 978-3-86956-301-5 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia A1 - Baudisch, Lisa T1 - Clause typing in Germanic BT - A questionnaire and its results N2 - The questionnaire investigates the functional left periphery of various finite clauses in Germanic languages, with particular attention paid to clause-typing elements and the combinations thereof. The questionnaire is mostly concerned with clause typing in embedded clauses, but main clause counterparts are also considered for comparative purposes. The chief aim was to achieve comparable results across Germanic languages, though the standardised questionnaire may also be helpful in the study of other languages, too. Most questions examine the availability of various complementisers and clause-typing operators, and in some cases the movement of verbs to the left periphery is also taken into account. The questionnaire is split into seven major parts according to the types of clauses under scrutiny. All instructions were given in English and the individual questions either concern translations of given sentences from English into the target language, and/or they ask for specific details about the constructions in the target language. The present document contains the questionnaire itself (together with the instructions given at the beginning of the questionnaire and at the beginning of the individual sections, as well as the questions asking for personal data), the sociolinguistic data of the speakers, and the actual results for the individual languages. Five Germanic languages are included: Dutch, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. For each language, two informants were recruited. Given the small number of informants, the present study serves as a qualitative investigation and as a basis for further, quantitative and experimental studies. N2 - Der Fragebogen untersucht die funktionale linke Peripherie von sämtlichen finiten Sätzen in germanischen Sprachen, wobei Elemente und deren Kombinationen, die den Satztyp bestimmen, im Vordergrund stehen. Der Fokus liegt insbesondere auf der Satztypmarkierung in eingebetteten Sätzen, jedoch werden auch Matrixsätze zum Vergleich herangezogen. Das Hauptziel war es, vergleichbare Ergebnisse zwischen germanischen Sprachen zu erhalten, jedoch kann der standardisierte Fragebogen auch bei der Untersuchung anderer Sprachen hilfreich sein. Die meisten Fragen beziehen sich auf die Einsetzbarkeit verschiedener Komplementierer und den Satztyp bestimmender Operatoren, und in einigen Fällen wird auch die Verbbewegung zur linken Peripherie berücksichtigt. Der Fragebogen untergliedert sich in sieben größere Abschnitte, je nach untersuchtem Satztyp. Alle Anweisungen wurden auf Englisch formuliert und die einzelnen Fragen beziehen sich auf Übersetzungen von auf Englisch gegebenen Sätzen in die Zielsprache, und/oder erkundigen sich über Einzelheiten der Konstruktionen in der Zielsprache. Das vorliegende Dokument beinhaltet den Fragebogen (samt den Anweisungen am Anfang des Fragebogens und am Anfang der einzelnen Abschnitte, wie auch den Fragen bezüglich persönlichen Daten), die soziolinguistischen Daten der Informanten, und die Ergebnisse für die einzelnen Sprachen. Fünf germanische Sprachen sind enthalten: Niederländisch, Dänisch, Isländisch, Norwegisch und Schwedisch. Es gaben je zwei Informanten pro Sprache. Da die Anzahl der Informanten niedrig ist, dient die vorliegende Studie als qualitative Untersuchung und als Basis für weitere, quantitative und experimentelle Studien. KW - clause type KW - complementiser KW - Danish KW - Dutch KW - Icelandic KW - left periphery KW - Norwegian KW - operator KW - syntax KW - Swedish KW - Dänisch KW - Isländisch KW - Komplementierer KW - linke Peripherie KW - Niederländisch KW - Norwegisch KW - Operator KW - Satztyp KW - Schwedisch KW - Syntax Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406810 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bade, Nadine T1 - On the scope and nature of Maximise Presupposition JF - Language and linguistics compass N2 - The paper introduces the principle Maximise Presupposition and its cognates. The main focus of the literature and this article is on the inferences that arise as a result of reasoning with Maximise Presupposition ('anti-presuppositions'). I will review the arguments put forward for distinguishing them from other inference types, most notably presuppositions and conversational implicatures. I will zoom in on three main issues regarding Maximise Presupposition and these inferences critically discussed in the literature: epistemic strength(ening), projection, and the role of alternatives. I will discuss more recent views which argue for either a uniform treatment of anti-presuppositions and implicatures and/or a revision of the original principle in light of new data and developments in pragmatics. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12416 SN - 1749-818X VL - 15 IS - 6 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bade, Nadine A1 - Picat, Leo A1 - Chung, WooJin A1 - Mascarenhas, Salvador T1 - Alternatives and attention in language and reasoning: A reply to Mascarenhas & Picat (2019) JF - Semantics and Pragmatics N2 - In this paper, we employ an experimental paradigm using insights from the psychology of reasoning to investigate the question whether certain modals generate and draw attention to alternatives. The article extends and builds on the methodology and findings of Mascarenhas & Picat (2019). Based on experimental results, they argue that the English epistemic modal might raises alternatives. We apply the same methodology to the English modal allowed to to test different hypotheses regarding the involvement of alternatives in deontic modality. We find commonalities and differences between the two modals we tested. We discuss theoretical consequences for existing semantic analyses of these modals, and argue that reasoning tasks can serve as a diagnostic tool to discover which natural language expressions involve alternatives. KW - reasoning KW - modals KW - alternatives Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.2 SN - 1937-8912 VL - 15 PB - Linguistic Society of America CY - Washington ER - TY - THES A1 - Baer-Henney, Dinah T1 - Learners' Little Helper BT - Strength and Weakness of the Substantive Bias Phonological Acquisition Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Baer-Henney, Dinah T1 - On natural and probabilisic effects during acquisition of morphophonemic alternations N2 - The acquisition of phonological alternations consists of many aspects as discussions in the relevant literature show. There are contrary findings about the role of naturalness. A natural process is grounded in phonetics; they are easy to learn, even in second language acquisition when adults have to learn certain processes that do not occur in their native language. There is also evidence that unnatural – arbitrary – rules can be learned. Current work on the acquisition of morphophonemic alternations suggests that their probability of occurrence is a crucial factor in acquisition. I have conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of naturalness as well as of probability of occurrence with 80 adult native speakers of German. It uses the Artificial Grammar paradigm: Two artificial languages were constructed, each with a particular alternation. In one language the alternation is natural (vowel harmony); in the other language the alternation is arbitrary (a vowel alternation depends on the sonorancy of the first consonant of the stem). The participants were divided in two groups, one group listened to the natural alternation and the other group listened to the unnatural alternation. Each group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup then was presented with material in which the alternation occurred frequently and the other subgroup was presented with material in which the alternation occurred infrequently. After this exposure phase every participant was asked to produce new words during the test phase. Knowledge about the language-specific alternation pattern was needed to produce the forms correctly as the phonological contexts demanded certain alternants. The group performances have been compared with respect to the effects of naturalness and probability of occurrence. The natural rule was learned more easily than the unnatural one. Frequently presented rules were not learned more easily than the ones that were presented less frequently. Moreover, participants did not learn the unnatural rule at all, whether this rule was presented frequently or infrequently did not matter. There was a tendency that the natural rule was learned more easily if presented frequently than if presented infrequently, but it was not significant due to variability across participants. N2 - Suffixe, die an Wortstämme angehängt werden, tragen grammatische Informationen. Bei Verben wird dabei die Person, Numerus, Tempus, Modus und Genus Verbi angezeigt, bei Nomen Kasus, Numerus und Genus. Durch phonologische Kontexte bedingt kann eine solche morphologische Markierung ihre Gestalt ändern und unterschiedliche Oberflächenformen annehmen. Die dabei entstandenen Allomorphe werden durch regelbasierte Prozesse von dem zugrunde liegenden Morphem abgeleitet. Es zeigt sich, dass der Erwerb morphophonemischer Alternationen ein aufwendiger und schwieriger Lernprozess ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich nun mit Faktoren, die den Erwerb der Alternationen positiv beeinflussen können. Zum einen wird der Faktor Natürlichkeit, zum anderen der Faktor Auftretenshäufigkeit diskutiert. Trotz einiger widersprüchlicher Evidenzen bezüglich des ersten Faktors hat sich in der neueren Forschung herausgestellt, dass ein natürlicher Prozess leichter zu lernen ist als ein unnatürlicher. Oft konnte ein Vorteil der natürlichen gegenüber den unnatürlichen Prozessen festgestellt werden. Allerdings zeigt sich dieser Umstand nicht immer – dann wiederum zeigt sich kein Vorteil gegenüber einem der beiden Prozesse. Die Ursachen dafür sind in der Methode oder der Herangehensweise zu suchen. Mache Methode scheint nicht sensitiv genug zu sein, den Vorteil aufzudecken, und manche Studien gehen unterschiedlich an die generelle Frage heran, was denn überhaupt ein natürlicher Prozess ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Literatur habe ich Charakteristika eines typisch natürlichen Prozesses herausgearbeitet und damit die definitorische Grundlage für die empirische Untersuchung derselben bestimmt. Die Auftretenshäufigkeit eines Prozesses scheint auch ein entscheidender Faktor für den Erwerbsprozess zu sein. Dabei wird der Prozess leichter gelernt, der frequent im Input vorliegt, wohingegen ein Prozess schwieriger zu lernen ist, je weniger häufig er vorkommt. In verschiedenen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass die bloße Verteilung eines Musters in Wörtern bzw. im Lexikon schon ausreichen kann, zugrunde liegende Repräsentationen zu formen. Dabei ist immer das frequentere Muster das zuverlässigere. Anhand einer experimentellen Studie habe ich beide Faktoren direkt miteinander verglichen. Es wurde die Lernbarkeit einer natürlichen künstlichen Sprache mit der einer unnatürlichen künstlichen Sprache verglichen. Die Sprachen unterschieden sich lediglich in der Regel, nach der eines von zwei Pluralmorphemen ausgewählt werden musste, wobei die natürliche Sprache nach Vokalharmonie alternierte und die unnatürliche Sprache nach einer arbiträren Regel. In zwei Hauptgruppen wurde 80 erwachsenen Deutschen entweder die eine oder die andere Sprache präsentiert. In jeder Gruppe wurde die Hälfte der Probanden häufig (zu 50%) mit der Alternation konfrontiert, die andere Hälfte infrequent (zu 25%). Nach der Familiarisierungsphase ohne expliziten Lernauftrag war die Aufgabe aller Probanden, von neuen Wörtern der Sprache(n) den Plural zu bilden. Die Analyse der Reaktionen ergab einen Effekt der Natürlichkeit, aber keinen der Auftretenshäufigkeit: Die natürliche Sprache war deutlich besser zu lernen als die unnatürliche. Die Auftretenshäufigkeit in beiden Sprachen führte zu keinem signifikanten Unterschied. Kein einziger von den 40 Probanden, die die unnatürliche Regel präsentiert bekamen, hat die Regel für die entsprechende Alternation gelernt. Es zeigt sich jedoch eine Tendenz bei den Probanden, die die natürliche Sprache erlernen sollten: Diejenigen scheinen einen Vorteil zu haben, die häufiger die Alternation während der Familiarisierungsphase hören. Aber auch unter den Probanden, die mit der natürlichen Sprache konfrontiert wurden, zeigten einige gar keinen Lernerfolg, weshalb ich vermute, dass wegen der großen Varianz in den Daten die Auftretenshäufigkeit als einflussreicher Faktor empirisch nicht belegt werden konnte. Zusammenfassend konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das Lernen der Alternationen sehr stark von einem bias für Natürlichkeit beeinflusst wird. Allein mit der distributionellen Analyse der verschiedenen Pluralendungen hätte der Vorteil für die Alternation der natürlichen Sprache nicht erklärt werden können. KW - Spracherwerb KW - Schnittstelle Phonologie/Morphologie KW - Natürlichkeit KW - Frequenz KW - künstliche Sprache KW - language acquisition KW - phonology-morphology interface KW - naturalness KW - frequency KW - artificial language Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-36819 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baer-Henney, Dinah A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben T1 - The Interaction of Language-Specific and Universal Factors During the Acquisition of Morphophonemic Alternations With Exceptions JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - Using the artificial language paradigm, we studied the acquisition of morphophonemic alternations with exceptions by 160 German adult learners. We tested the acquisition of two types of alternations in two regularity conditions while additionally varying length of training. In the first alternation, a vowel harmony, backness of the stem vowel determines backness of the suffix. This process is grounded in substance (phonetic motivation), and this universal phonetic factor bolsters learning a generalization. In the second alternation, tenseness of the stem vowel determines backness of the suffix vowel. This process is not based in substance, but it reflects a phonotactic property of German and our participants benefit from this language-specific factor. We found that learners use both cues, while substantive bias surfaces mainly in the most unstable situation. We show that language-specific and universal factors interact in learning. KW - Phonology KW - Exceptional alternation KW - Acquisition KW - Substance KW - Phonotactics KW - Artificial language paradigm Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12209 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 1537 EP - 1569 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bamyaci, Elif A1 - Haeussler, Jana A1 - Kabak, Baris T1 - The interaction of animacy and number agreement: an experimental investigation JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - This paper investigates subject verb agreement in Turkish with particular focus on the role the animacy of plural subjects plays in verbal number marking. Previous descriptive grammars of Turkish (e.g., Sezer, 1978) report an asymmetry in number marking for plural subjects: if the plural subject denotes an animate entity, both plural and singular verbs are possible, whereas only singular verbs are possible when the plural subject denotes an inanimate entity. Using the magnitude estimation method, we measured the well-formedness of simple Turkish sentences consisting of a plural subject and a verb in two groups of participants that differ only in age (mean: 28 years old and 43 years old). The overall results provide an empirical validation of the proposed split between animate and inanimate subjects and suggest that the acceptability of plural agreement is sensitive to even more fine-grained distinctions of animacy. In particular, the plural dispreference was reduced for inanimates with a teleological capacity (in the sense of Folli and Harley, 2008) and for body parts, in comparison to true inanimates (e.g., furniture and clothes). Accordingly, we propose an animacy hierarchy for Turkish that is in line with typological observations (e.g., Corbett, 2000, 2006) and augment it with a further distinction between quasi-animates and inanimates. Although less pronounced in sentences with animate subjects, we observed a higher preference for singular verbs over plural verbs across all conditions. This suggests that the singular marking on the verb, which is zero marked in Turkish, is the default. Furthermore, we find a significant effect of age: in the older group, the singular preference is less pronounced across the conditions and almost absent in sentences with an animate subject. Moreover, the older participants made finer distinctions in the animacy hierarchy, further differentiating between two types of quasi-animates (teleologically capable entities vs. entities with inherited animacy). The two generations in our study share the animate inanimate split as well as the sharp contrast between singular and plural agreement in sentences with inanimate subjects; they differ, however, in degree of optionality. Altogether, these results suggest a decrease in the degree of optionality across generations. As in research on language attrition and bilingualism (Hulk and Muller, 2000; Muller and Hulk, 2001; Sorace, 2011), the results accord with the idea that interface phenomena are vulnerable to change; however, non-convergence between generations in our study stemmed from areas that yield gradient rather than categorical results. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Subject verb agreement in Turkish KW - Number marking KW - Animacy KW - Optionality KW - Gradience KW - Semantics morphosyntax interface KW - Language change Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.06.005 SN - 0024-3841 SN - 1872-6135 VL - 148 SP - 254 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartek, Brian A1 - Lewis, Richard L. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Smith, Mason R. T1 - In Search of on-line locality effects in sentence comprehension JF - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition N2 - Many comprehension theories assert that increasing the distance between elements participating in a linguistic relation (e.g., a verb and a noun phrase argument) increases the difficulty of establishing that relation during on-line comprehension. Such locality effects are expected to increase reading times and are thought to reveal properties and limitations of the short-term memory system that supports comprehension. Despite their theoretical importance and putative ubiquity, however, evidence for on-line locality effects is quite narrow linguistically and methodologically: It is restricted almost exclusively to self-paced reading of complex structures involving a particular class of syntactic relation. We present 4 experiments (2 self-paced reading and 2 eyetracking experiments) that demonstrate locality effects in the course of establishing subject-verb dependencies; locality effects are seen even in materials that can be read quickly and easily. These locality effects are observable in the earliest possible eye-movement measures and are of much shorter duration than previously reported effects. To account for the observed empirical patterns, we outline a processing model of the adaptive control of button pressing and eye movements. This model makes progress toward the goal of eliminating linking assumptions between memory constructs and empirical measures in favor of explicit theories of the coordinated control of motor responses and parsing. KW - locality effects KW - working memory KW - sentence processing Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024194 SN - 0278-7393 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 1178 EP - 1198 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartels, Sonja A1 - Darcy, Isabelle T1 - Schwa syllables facilitate word segmentation for 9-month-old German-learning infants Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-574- 73094-4 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar T1 - Intonation Units Revisited BT - cesuras in talk-in-interaction T3 - Studies in Language and Social Interaction ; 29 N2 - Intonation units have been notoriously difficult to identify in natural talk. Problems include fuzzy boundaries, lack of exhaustivity, and the potential circularity involved when studying their interface with other language-organizational dimensions. This volume advocates a way to resolve such problems: the cesura approach. Cesuras, or breaks in the flow of talk, are created by discontinuities in the prosodic-phonetic parameters of speech that cluster to various extents at certain points in time. Using conversation-analytic and interactional-linguistic methodology, the volume identifies the parameters creating cesuras in talk-in-interaction and proposes ways to notate them depending on the researcher s goal. It also offers a way to study the role of cesuras at the prosody-syntax interface non-circularly, which leads to new insights concerning language variation and change. The volume will thus be of major import to anyone working with natural spoken language, its chunks, its various dimensions, and its variation and change." Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-90-272-6690-3 SN - 978-90-272-2639-6 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Küttner, Uwe-Alexander A1 - Raymond, Chase Wesley T1 - Pivots revisited BT - cesuring in action JF - Open linguistics N2 - The term "pivot" usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot's action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action. KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - syntax KW - talk-in-interaction KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - cesuras KW - intonation units KW - social action Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0152 SN - 2300-9969 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 613 EP - 637 PB - de Gruyter CY - Warsaw ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartha-Doering, Lisa A1 - Alexopoulos, Johanna A1 - Giordano, Vito A1 - Stelzer, Lisa A1 - Kainz, Theresa A1 - Benavides-Varela, Silvia A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Klebermass-Schrehof, Katrin A1 - Olischar, Monika A1 - Seidl, Rainer Otis A1 - Berger, Angelika T1 - Absence of neural speech discrimination in preterm infants at term-equivalent age JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - Children born preterm are at higher risk to develop language deficits. Auditory speech discrimination deficits may be early signs for language developmental problems. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate neural speech discrimination in 15 preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to 15 full term neonates. The full term group revealed a significantly greater hemodynamic response to forward compared to backward speech within the left hemisphere extending from superior temporal to inferior parietal and middle and inferior frontal areas. In contrast, the preterm group did not show differences in their hemodynamic responses during forward versus backward speech, thus, they did not discriminate speech from nonspeech. Groups differed significantly in their responses to forward speech, whereas they did not differ in their responses to backward speech. The significant differences between groups point to an altered development of the functional network underlying language acquisition in preterm infants as early as in term-equivalent age. KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy KW - Preterm birth KW - Newborn infants KW - Language development KW - Speech discrimination Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100679 SN - 1878-9293 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 39 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bartke, Susanne A1 - Siegmüller, Julia T1 - Williams syndrome across languages T3 - Language acquisition and language disorders Y1 - 2004 SN - 1-588-11494-5 VL - 36 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayer, Josef T1 - On uninterpretable features JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432507 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 231 EP - 241 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Sigrid A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Multiple focus N2 - This paper presents the results of an experimental study on multiple focus configurations, that is, structures containing two nested focus-sensitive operators plus two foci supposed to associate with those operators. There has been controversial discussion in the semantic literature regarding whether or not an interpretation is acceptable that corresponds to this association. While the data are unclear, the issue is of considerable theoretical significance, as it distinguishes between the available theories of focus interpretation. Some theories (e. g. Rooth's 1992) predict such a pattern of association with focus to be impossible, while others (such as Wold's 1996) predict it to be acceptable. The results of our study show the data to be unacceptable rather than acceptable, favouring important aspects of the theory of focus interpretation developed by Rooth. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/Jos/Ffp001 SN - 0167-5133 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behzadnia, Ali A1 - Rad, Mehdi Mehrani T1 - Young children’s activity involvement and responses to yes/no questions JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - In the present study, we investigated younger and older Persian preschoolers' response tendency and accuracy toward yes/no questions about a coloring activity. Overall, 107 three- to four-year-olds and five- to six-year-old children were asked positive and negative yes/no questions about a picture coloring activity. The questions focused on three question contents namely, actions, environment and person. As for children's response tendency, they showed a compliance tendency. That is, they provided yes and no responses to positively and negatively formed questions respectively. Children especially younger ones were more compliant toward positive questions and their tendency decreased by age. In addition, the results revealed children's highest rate of compliance tendency toward environment inquiries. Concerning response accuracy, the effects of age and question content were significant. Specifically, older children provided more accurate responses than their younger counterparts, especially to yes/no questions asked about the actions performed during the activity. The findings suggest that depending on the format and the content of yes/no questions younger and older children's response accuracy and tendency differ. KW - compliance tendency KW - response accuracy KW - suggestibility KW - yes KW - no KW - questions KW - young children Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09685-4 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 414 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter T1 - Symbolic resonance analysis of event-related potentials distinguishes different physiological processes Y1 - 2005 SN - 0898-929X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter A1 - Frisch, Stefan T1 - Is it positive or negative? On determining ERP components N2 - In most experiments using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), there is a straightforward way to define-on theoretical grounds-which of the conditions tested is the experimental condition and which is the control condition. It, however, theoretical assumptions do not give sufficient and unambiguous information to decide this question, then the interpretation of an ERP effect becomes difficult, especially if one takes into account that certain effects can be both a positivity or a negativity on the basis of the morphology of the pattern as well as with respect to peak latency (regard for example, N400 and P345). Exemplified with an ERP experiment on language processing, we present such a critical case and offer a possible solution on the basis of nonlinear data analysis. We show that a generalized polarity histogram, the word statistics of symbolic dynamics, is in principle able to distinguish negative going ERP components from positive ones when an appropriate encoding strategy, the half wave encoding is employed. We propose statistical criteria which allow to determine ERP components on purely methodological grounds Y1 - 2004 SN - 0018-9294 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter A1 - Frisch, Stefan A1 - Fink, A. A1 - Saddy, Douglas A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Topographic voltage and coherence mapping of brain potentials by means of the symbolic resonance analysis N2 - We apply the recently developed symbolic resonance analysis to electroencephalographic measurements of event- related brain potentials (ERPs) in a language processing experiment by using a three-symbol static encoding with varying thresholds for analyzing the ERP epochs, followed by a spin-flip transformation as a nonlinear filter. We compute an estimator of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the symbolic dynamics measuring the coherence of threshold-crossing events. Hence, we utilize the inherent noise of the EEG for sweeping the underlying ERP components beyond the encoding thresholds. Plotting the SNR computed within the time window of a particular ERP component (the N400) against the encoding thresholds, we find different resonance curves for the experimental conditions. The maximal differences of the SNR lead to the estimation of optimal encoding thresholds. We show that topographic brain maps of the optimal threshold voltages and of their associated coherence differences are able to dissociate the underlying physiological processes, while corresponding maps gained from the customary voltage averaging technique are unable to do so Y1 - 2005 SN - 1539-3755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter A1 - Jurish, B. A1 - Saddy, Douglas A1 - Frisch, Stefan T1 - Language processing by dynamical systems N2 - We describe a part of the stimulus sentences of a German language processing ERP experiment using a context- free grammar and represent different processing preferences by its unambiguous partitions. The processing is modeled by deterministic pushdown automata. Using a theorem proven by Moore, we map these automata onto discrete time dynamical systems acting at the unit square, where the processing preferences are represented by a control parameter. The actual states of the automata are rectangles lying in the unit square that can be interpreted as cylinder sets in the context of symbolic dynamics theory. We show that applying a wrong processing preference to a certain input string leads to an unwanted invariant set in the parsers dynamics. Then, syntactic reanalysis and repair can be modeled by a switching of the control parameter - in analogy to phase transitions observed in brain dynamics. We argue that ERP components are indicators of these bifurcations and propose an ERP-like measure of the parsing model Y1 - 2004 SN - 0218-1274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beim Graben, Peter A1 - Saddy, Douglas A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Symbolic dynamics of event-related brain potentials Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Restrictions on addition BT - children’s interpretation of the focus particles auch ‘ also ’ and nur ‘ only ’ in German JF - Journal of child language N2 - Children up to school age have been reported to perform poorly when interpreting sentences containing restrictive and additive focus particles by treating sentences with a focus particle in the same way as sentences without it. Careful comparisons between results of previous studies indicate that this phenomenon is less pronounced for restrictive than for additive particles. We argue that this asymmetry is an effect of the presuppositional status of the proposition triggered by the additive particle. We tested this in two experiments with German-learning three-and four-year-olds using a method that made the exploitation of the information provided by the particles highly relevant for completing the task. Three-year-olds already performed remarkably well with sentences both with auch 'also' and with nur 'only'. Thus, children can consider the presuppositional contribution of the additive particle in their sentence interpretation and can exploit the restrictive particle as a marker of exhaustivity. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000911000122 SN - 0305-0009 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 383 EP - 410 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Weissenborn, Jürgen T1 - German 4-year-olds comprehension of sentences containing the focus particle "auch" (also) : evidence from eye- tracking Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bevacqua, Luca A1 - Scheffler, Tatjana T1 - Form variation of pronominal it-clefts in written English BT - a corpus study in Twitter and iWeb JF - Linguistics vanguard N2 - Clefts are well-studied as a construction which induces emphasis on its clefted referent. However, little is known about the distribution of different stylistic forms of it-cleft variants. We report on a corpus study mining data from Twitter, targeting sentences clefting a pronoun in English. We examine the following features: case and syntactic role of the clefted pronoun, contraction of the copula, choice of complementiser and use of emphasis markers. The results show systematic associations between these features. A further comparison between the Twitter dataset and data from iWeb, a corpus of general-use web language, shows significant differences in levels of emphasis and formality, positioning Twitter language in the middle of the conceptual orality spectrum. KW - clefts KW - corpus study KW - English KW - emphasis KW - computer-mediated communication Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0066 SN - 2199-174X VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Agus, Trevor A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Nazzi, Thierry T1 - Language Experience Affects Grouping of Musical Instrument Sounds JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society KW - Cross-linguistic KW - French KW - German KW - Auditory perception KW - Music KW - Rhythmic grouping Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12300 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 40 SP - 1816 EP - 1830 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Unger, Annika A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Native language affects rhythmic grouping of speech JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - Perceptual attunement to one's native language results in language-specific processing of speech sounds. This includes stress cues, instantiated by differences in intensity, pitch, and duration. The present study investigates the effects of linguistic experience on the perception of these cues by studying the Iambic-Trochaic Law (ITL), which states that listeners group sounds trochaically (strong-weak) if the sounds vary in loudness or pitch and iambically (weak-strong) if they vary in duration. Participants were native listeners either of French or German; this comparison was chosen because French adults have been shown to be less sensitive than speakers of German and other languages to word-level stress, which is communicated by variation in cues such as intensity, fundamental frequency (F0), or duration. In experiment 1, participants listened to sequences of co-articulated syllables varying in either intensity or duration. The German participants were more consistent in their grouping than the French for both cues. Experiment 2 was identical to experiment 1 except that intensity variation was replaced by pitch variation. German participants again showed more consistency for both cues, and French participants showed especially inconsistent grouping for the pitch-varied sequences. These experiments show that the perception of linguistic rhythm is strongly influenced by linguistic experience. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4823848 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 134 IS - 5 SP - 3828 EP - 3843 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka A1 - Serres, Josette A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Nazzi, Thierry T1 - Effect of bilingualism on lexical stress pattern discrimination in french-learning infants JF - PLoS one N2 - Monolingual infants start learning the prosodic properties of their native language around 6 to 9 months of age, a fact marked by the development of preferences for predominant prosodic patterns and a decrease in sensitivity to non-native prosodic properties. The present study evaluates the effects of bilingual acquisition on speech perception by exploring how stress pattern perception may differ in French-learning 10-month-olds raised in bilingual as opposed to monolingual environments. Experiment 1 shows that monolinguals can discriminate stress patterns following a long familiarization to one of two patterns, but not after a short familiarization. In Experiment 2, two subgroups of bilingual infants growing up learning both French and another language (varying across infants) in which stress is used lexically were tested under the more difficult short familiarization condition: one with balanced input, and one receiving more input in the language other than French. Discrimination was clearly found for the other-language-dominant subgroup, establishing heightened sensitivity to stress pattern contrasts in these bilinguals as compared to monolinguals. However, the balanced bilinguals' performance was not better than that of monolinguals, establishing an effect of the relative balance of the language input. This pattern of results is compatible with the proposal that sensitivity to prosodic contrasts is maintained or enhanced in a bilingual population compared to a monolingual population in which these contrasts are non-native, provided that this dimension is used in one of the two languages in acquisition, and that infants receive enough input from that language. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030843 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 7 IS - 2 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - THES A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Phase syntax : the polish genitive of negation Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Negative Polarity items in polish : towards a uniform account Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-86057-777-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Getting rid of covert movement or getting into trouble Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-631-51588-X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Some reflections on the interaction between indefinites and the clause : the case of negative pronouns Y1 - 1998 SN - 3-87690-705-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Towards a binding analysis of negative polarity items Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Towards a binding analysis of negative polarity items in polish Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - On licensing conditions for n-words in polish Y1 - 2002 SN - 3- 87690-825-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Explaining the "Bagel Problem" : the case of Polish kolwiek-NPIs Y1 - 2002 SN - 0-930042-91-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - What do bagels and Polish kolwiek-pronouns have in common? Y1 - 2002 SN - 0-914203-63-0 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Covert Movement and the Genitive of Negative in Polish T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 15 Y1 - 2001 SN - 978-3-935024-36-5 SN - 1616-7392 PB - Univ.-Bibliothek Publ.-Stelle CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Investigation into the interaction between the indefinites and negation T3 - Studia grammatica Y1 - 2001 SN - 3-05-003671-0 VL - 51 PB - Akad.-Verl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - Review of sue brown : the syntax of negation in russian : a minimalist approach Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna T1 - -kolwiek pronouns in polish : negative polarity items of free choice items or both? Y1 - 1999 SN - 3-87690-738-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Dipper, Stefanie A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Ishihara, Shinishiro A1 - Petrova, Svetlana A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Syntax JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The guidelines for syntactic annotation contain the layers that are especially relevant for queries related to the interaction of information structure with syntax. The layers of this level are constituent structure, grammatical functions, and semantic roles. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22253 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 95 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Dipper, Stefanie A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Ishihara, Shinishiro A1 - Petrova, Svetlana A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Morphology JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22247 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 55 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Fischer, Susann T1 - Multiple Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen : state of the art report N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine kritische Übersicht über den Forschungsstand zu multiplen Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen dar. Das Ziel ist es, die Unklarheit der Datenlage und die Widersprüchlichkeit der auf solchen "unklaren" Daten basierten Theorien aufzuzeigen. Inhalt: Historischer Hintergrund (Wachowicz 1974) Einige ältere Ansätze Höhepunkt: die folgenschwere Arbeit von Rudin (1988) Probleme: - Das Problem der Zuverlässlichkeit von Daten - Das Problem der Relevanz von Daten "Harte" Fakten: - Strikte Superioritätseffekte im Bulgarischen - Obligatorische Wh-Anhebung im Slavischen Neuere Ansätze: - "Qualitative" Ansätze - "Quantitative" Ansätze - Alternative Ansätze T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 14 Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10973 SN - 1864-1857 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Rochon, Marzena T1 - Some remarks on minimality and optimality, not only in language Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blenn, Lydia A1 - Seidl, Amanda A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Recognition of phrases in early language acquision : the role of morphological markers Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - THES A1 - Boila, Chiara T1 - The processing of OVS and passive sentences in German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children T1 - Die Verarbeitung von OVS- und Passiv-Sätzen in deutschen monolingualen und deutsch-italienisch simultan-bilingualen Kindern N2 - It is a common finding that preschoolers have difficulties in identifying who is doing what to whom in non-canonical sentences, such as (object-verb-subject) OVS and passive sentences in German. This dissertation investigates how German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children process German OVS sentences in Study 1 and German passives in Study 2. Offline data (i.e., accuracy data) and online data (i.e., eye-gaze and pupillometry data) were analyzed to explore whether children can assign thematic roles during sentence comprehension and processing. Executive functions, language-internal and -external factors were investigated as potential predictors for children’s sentence comprehension and processing. Throughout the literature, there are contradicting findings on the relation between language and executive functions. While some results show a bilingual cognitive advantage over monolingual speakers, others suggest there is no relationship between bilingualism and executive functions. If bilingual children possess more advanced executive function abilities than monolingual children, then this might also be reflected in a better performance on linguistic tasks. In the current studies monolingual and bilingual children were tested by means of two executive function tasks: the Flanker task and the task-switching paradigm. However, these findings showed no bilingual cognitive advantages and no better performance by bilingual children in the linguistic tasks. The performance was rather comparable between bilingual and monolingual children, or even better for the monolingual group. This may be due to cross-linguistic influences and language experience (i.e., language input and output). Italian was used because it does not syntactically overlap with the structure of German OVS sentences, and it only overlapped with one of the two types of sentence condition used for the passive study - considering the subject-(finite)verb alignment. The findings showed a better performance of bilingual children in the passive sentence structure that syntactically overlapped in the two languages, providing evidence for cross-linguistic influences. Further factors for children’s sentence comprehension were considered. The parents’ education, the number of older siblings and language experience variables were derived from a language background questionnaire completed by parents. Scores of receptive vocabulary and grammar, visual and short-term memory and reasoning ability were measured by means of standardized tests. It was shown that higher German language experience by bilinguals correlates with better accuracy in German OVS sentences but not in passive sentences. Memory capacity had a positive effect on the comprehension of OVS and passive sentences in the bilingual group. Additionally, a role was played by executive function abilities in the comprehension of OVS sentences and not of passive sentences. It is suggested that executive function abilities might help children in the sentence comprehension task when the linguistic structures are not yet fully mastered. Altogether, these findings show that bilinguals’ poorer performance in the comprehension and processing of German OVS is mainly due to reduced language experience in German, and that the different performance of bilingual children with the two types of passives is mainly due to cross-linguistic influences. N2 - Es ist ein häufiger Befund, dass Vorschulkinder Schwierigkeiten haben zu erkennen ‚wer etwas mit jemandem tut‘ in nicht-kanonischen Sätzen, wie z.B. deutsche OVS- (Objekt-Verb-Subjekt) oder Passiv-Sätze. Diese Dissertation untersucht wie deutsche monolinguale und deutsch-italienische simultan-bilinguale Kinder deutsche OVS-Sätze (Studie 1) und deutsche Passiv-Sätze (Studie 2) verarbeiten. Offline-Daten (z.B. Datengenauigkeit) und Online-Daten (z.B. Blickbewegung-Daten und Pupillometrie-Daten) wurden analysiert, um herauszufinden, ob Kinder thematische Rollen während Satzverständnis und Satzverarbeitung zuteilen können. Exekutive Funktionen, interne und externe Sprachfaktoren wurden als mögliche Prädiktoren für Satzverständnis und Satzverarbeitung in Kindern untersucht. In der Literatur findet man unterschiedliche Ergebnisse über den Zusammenhang zwischen Sprache und exekutiven Funktionen. Während einige Ergebnisse kognitive Vorteile für bilinguale Sprecher zeigen, deuten andere darauf hin, dass es keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Bilingualismus und exekutiven Funktionen gibt. Wenn bilinguale Kinder fortgeschrittene exekutive Funktionen im Vergleich zu monolingualen Kindern haben, könnte sich dies auch in besseren Leistungen in linguistischen Aufgaben widerspiegeln. In diesem Forschungsprojekt wurden monolinguale und bilinguale Kinder mit zwei verschiedenen Aufgaben getestet, die die exekutiven Funktionen messen: der Flanker-Test und das Aufgabenwechsel-Paradigma. Die Ergebnisse konnten jedoch keinen bilingualen kognitiven Vorteil und keine besseren Leistungen von bilingualen Kindern in den linguistischen Aufgaben belegen. Die Leistung war vergleichbar zwischen monolingualen und bilingualen Kindern, oder sogar besser in der monolingualen Gruppe. Dies könnte an cross-linguistische Einflüssen und Spracherfahrung (z.B. Sprach-Input und -Output) liegen. Italienisch wurde gewählt, da es zum einen keine syntaktischen Überschneidungen mit der Struktur von deutschen OVS-Sätzen aufweist, und zum anderen sich nur in einer von zwei der in der Passiv-Studie genutzten Satz-Bedingungen überschneidet – im Hinblick auf die Subjekt-(finite) Verb Ausrichtung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine bessere Leistung von bilingualen Kindern in Passiv-Sätzen, die eine syntaktische Überschneidung in den zwei Sprachen aufweisen, und zeigen somit Hinweise für cross-linguistische Einflüsse. Weitere Einflussfaktoren auf das Satzverständnis der Kinder wurden berücksichtigt. Der Bildungsgrad der Eltern, die Anzahl von älteren Geschwistern und Spracherfahrungsvariablen wurden über den, von den Eltern beantworteten, Sprachhintergrund-Fragebogen abgeleitet. Werte zu rezeptivem Vokabular und Grammatik, Visuelles- und Kurzeitgedächtnis und Denkfähigkeit wurden durch standardisierte Tests erhoben. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass größere Spracherfahrung im Deutschen bei bilingualen Kindern mit einer größeren Genauigkeit bei deutschen OVS-Sätzen korreliert, aber nicht bei Passiv-Sätzen. Bessere Gedächtnisleistung hatte einen positiven Effekt auf das Sprachverständnis der bilingualen Gruppe bei OVS- und Passiv-Sätzen. Zusätzlich spielten exekutive Funktionen eine Rolle beim Verständnis von OVS-Sätzen, aber nicht bei Passiv-Sätzen. Es wird angenommen, dass exekutive Funktionen Kindern in Satzverständnisaufgaben helfen könnten, wenn die linguistischen Strukturen noch nicht vollständig beherrscht werden. Zusammengenommen zeigen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse, dass die geringere Leistung von bilingualen Kindern beim Satzverständnis und Satzverarbeitung von deutschen OVS Sätzen hauptsächlich an der geringeren Spracherfahrung im Deutschen liegt und, dass die unterschiedliche Leistung von bilingualen Kindern mit den zwei Strukturen des Passivs überwiegend auf cross-linguistische Einflüsse zurückzuführen ist. KW - sentence processing KW - bilingualism KW - executive functions KW - eye-tracking KW - Bilingualismus KW - exekutive Funktionen KW - Eye-Tracking-Verfahren KW - Satzverarbeitung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629723 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Effects of musicality on the perception of rhythmic structure in speech JF - Laboratory phonology N2 - Language and music share many rhythmic properties, such as variations in intensity and duration leading to repeating patterns. Perception of rhythmic properties may rely on cognitive networks that are shared between the two domains. If so, then variability in speech rhythm perception may relate to individual differences in musicality. To examine this possibility, the present study focuses on rhythmic grouping, which is assumed to be guided by a domain-general principle, the Iambic/Trochaic law, stating that sounds alternating in intensity are grouped as strong-weak, and sounds alternating in duration are grouped as weak-strong. German listeners completed a grouping task: They heard streams of syllables alternating in intensity, duration, or neither, and had to indicate whether they perceived a strong-weak or weak-strong pattern. Moreover, their music perception abilities were measured, and they filled out a questionnaire reporting their productive musical experience. Results showed that better musical rhythm perception - ability was associated with more consistent rhythmic grouping of speech, while melody perception - ability and productive musical experience were not. This suggests shared cognitive procedures in the perception of rhythm in music and speech. Also, the results highlight the relevance of - considering individual differences in musicality when aiming to explain variability in prosody perception. KW - Musical ability KW - rhythm KW - grouping KW - Iambic/Trochaic law KW - speech KW - speech perception KW - musicality KW - prosody KW - domain-general KW - German Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.91 SN - 1868-6346 SN - 1868-6354 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Unger, Annika A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Rhythmic grouping biases in simultaneous bilinguals JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - This study provides a novel approach for testing the universality of perceptual biases by looking at speech processing in simultaneous bilingual adults learning two languages that support the maintenance of this bias to different degrees. Specifically, we investigated the Iambic/Trochaic Law, an assumed universal grouping bias, in simultaneous French-German bilinguals, presenting them with streams of syllables varying in intensity, duration or neither and asking them whether they perceived them as strong-weak or weak-strong groupings. Results showed robust, consistent grouping preferences. A comparison to monolinguals from previous studies revealed that they pattern with German-speaking monolinguals, and differ from French-speaking monolinguals. The distribution of simultaneous bilinguals' individual performance was best explained by a model fitting a unimodal (not bimodal) distribution, failing to support two subgroups of language dominance. Moreover, neither language experience nor language context predicted their performance. These findings suggest a special role for universal biases in simultaneous bilinguals. KW - simultaneous bilingualism KW - universal bias KW - rhythm KW - rhythmic grouping KW - Iambic KW - Trochaic Law Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000140 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 1070 EP - 1081 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Unger, Annika A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Effects of experience with L2 and music on rhythmic grouping by French listeners T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Rhythm perception is assumed to be guided by a domain-general auditory principle, the Iambic/Trochaic Law, stating that sounds varying in intensity are grouped as strong-weak, and sounds varying in duration are grouped as weak-strong. Recently, Bhatara et al. (2013) showed that rhythmic grouping is influenced by native language experience, French listeners having weaker grouping preferences than German listeners. This study explores whether L2 knowledge and musical experience also affect rhythmic grouping. In a grouping task, French late learners of German listened to sequences of coarticulated syllables varying in either intensity or duration. Data on their language and musical experience were obtained by a questionnaire. Mixed-effect model comparisons showed influences of musical experience as well as L2 input quality and quantity on grouping preferences. These results imply that adult French listeners' sensitivity to rhythm can be enhanced through L2 and musical experience. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 450 KW - rhythmic grouping KW - second language acquisition KW - prosody KW - musicality KW - Iambic KW - Trochaic Law Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413786 IS - 450 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Unger, Annika A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Effects of experience with L2 and music on rhythmic grouping by French listeners JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. KW - rhythmic grouping KW - second language acquisition KW - prosody KW - musicality KW - Iambic KW - Trochaic Law Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000425 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 19 SP - 971 EP - 986 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kager, Rene T1 - OCP-Place in speech segmentation JF - Language and speech N2 - OCP-Place, a cross-linguistically well-attested constraint against pairs of consonants with shared [place], is psychologically real. Studies have shown that the processing of words violating OCP-Place is inhibited. Functionalists assume that OCP arises as a consequence of low-level perception: a consonant following another with the same [place] cannot be faithfully perceived as an independent unit. If functionalist theories were correct, then lexical access would be inhibited if two homorganic consonants conjoin at word boundaries-a problem that can only be solved with lexical feedback. Here, we experimentally challenge the functional account by showing that OCP-Place can be used as a speech segmentation cue during pre-lexical processing without lexical feedback, and that the use relates to distributions in the input. In Experiment 1, native listeners of Dutch located word boundaries between two labials when segmenting an artificial language. This indicates a use of OCP-Labial as a segmentation cue, implying a full perception of both labials. Experiment 2 shows that segmentation performance cannot solely be explained by well-formedness intuitions. Experiment 3 shows that knowledge of OCP-Place depends on language-specific input: in Dutch, co-occurrences of labials are under-represented, but co-occurrences of coronals are not. Accordingly, Dutch listeners fail to use OCP-Coronal for segmentation. KW - Artificial language learning KW - OCP-Place KW - phonotactics KW - speech segmentation KW - pre-lexical processing Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830913508074 SN - 0023-8309 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 57 IS - 3 SP - 394 EP - 421 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Nixon, Jessie S. A1 - Lentz, Tomas O. A1 - Liu, Liquan A1 - van Ommen, Sandrien A1 - Coeltekin, Cagri A1 - van Rij, Jacolien T1 - Neural response development during distributional learning T2 - 19 th annual conference of the international speech communicaton association (INTERSPEECH 2018), VOLS 1-6: Speech research for emerging marjets in multilingual societies N2 - We investigated online electrophysiological components of distributional learning, specifically of tones by listeners of a non tonal language. German listeners were presented with a bimodal distribution of syllables with lexical tones from a synthesized continuum based on Cantonese level tones. Tones were presented in sets of four standards (within-category tokens) followed by a deviant (across-category token). Mismatch negativity (MMN) was measured. Earlier behavioral data showed that exposure to this bimodal distribution improved both categorical perception and perceptual acuity for level tones [I]. In the present study we present analyses of the electrophysiological response recorded during this exposure, i.e., the development of the MMN response during distributional learning. This development over time is analyzed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models and results showed that the MMN amplitude increased for both within and across-category tokens, reflecting higher perceptual acuity accompanying category formation. This is evidence that learners zooming in on phonological categories undergo neural changes associated with more accurate phonetic perception. KW - lexical tone KW - distributional learning KW - mismatch negativity KW - Generalized additive mixed-effects modeling Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-5108-7221-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2018-2072 SN - 2308-457X SP - 1432 EP - 1436 PB - ISCA-International Speech Communication Association CY - Baixas ER - TY - THES A1 - Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. T1 - The argument dependency model : a neurocognitive approach to incremental interpretation Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias T1 - Is it a bird? Is it a mammal? BT - Perspectives on the learnability/trainability of new grammatical constructions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432534 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 275 EP - 286 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bos, Laura S. A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Time reference decoupled from tense in agrammatic and fluent aphasia JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Aims: The goal of this study is twofold. First, it aims to untangle tense problems from problems with past time reference through verb morphology in people with aphasia. Second, this study aims to compare the production of time reference inflection by people with agrammatic and fluent aphasia. Methods & Procedures: A sentence completion task was used to elicit reference to the non-past and past in Dutch. Reference to the past was tested through (1) a simple verb in past tense and (2) a verb complex with an auxiliary in present tense + participle (the present perfect). Reference to the non-past was tested through a simple verb in present tense. Fourteen agrammatic aphasic speakers, sixteen fluent aphasic speakers, and twenty non-brain-damaged speakers (NBDs) took part in this study. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Outcomes & Results: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the aphasic participants. Agrammatic speakers performed worse than fluent speakers, but the pattern of performance in both aphasic groups was similar. Reference to the past through past tense and [present tense auxiliary + participle] was more impaired than reference to the non-past. An error analysis revealed differences between the two groups. Conclusions: People with agrammatic and fluent aphasia experience problems with expressing reference to the past through verb inflection. This past time reference deficit is irrespective of the tense employed. The error patterns between the two groups reveal different underlying problems. KW - Fluent aphasia KW - Time reference KW - Agrammatic aphasia KW - Tense Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.886322 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 533 EP - 553 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bos, Laura S. A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Losing track of time? Processing of time reference inflection in agrammatic and healthy speakers of German JF - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience N2 - Background: Individuals with agrammatic aphasia (IWAs) have problems with grammatical decoding of tense inflection. However, these difficulties depend on the time frame that the tense refers to. Verb morphology with reference to the past is more difficult than with reference to the non-past, because a link needs to be made to the past event in discourse, as captured in the PAst Discourse Linking Hypothesis (PADILIH; Bastiaanse, R., Bamyaci, E., Hsu, C., Lee, J., Yarbay Duman, T., Thompson, C. K., 2011. Time reference in agrammatic aphasia: A cross-linguistic study. J. Neurolinguist. 24, 652-673). With respect to reference to the (non-discourse-linked) future, data so far indicate that IWAs experience less difficulties as compared to past time reference (Bastiaanse, R., Bamyaci, E., Hsu, C., Lee, J., Yarbay Duman, T., Thompson, C. K., 2011. Time reference in agrammatic aphasia: A cross-linguistic study. J. Neurolinguist. 24, 652-673), supporting the assumptions of the PADILIH. Previous online studies of time reference in aphasia used methods such as reaction times analysis (e.g., Faroqi-Shah, Y., Dickey, M. W., 2009. On-line processing of tense and temporality in agrammatic aphasia. Brain Lang. 108, 97-111). So far, no such study used eye-tracking, even though this technique can bring additional insights (Burchert, F., Hanne, S., Vasishth, S., 2013. Sentence comprehension disorders in aphasia: the concept of chance performance revisited. Aphasiology 27, 112-125, doi:10.1080/02687038.2012.730603). Aims: This study investigated (1) whether processing of future and past time reference inflection differs between non-brain-damaged individuals (NBDs) and IWAs, and (2) underlying mechanisms of time reference comprehension failure by IWAs. Results and discussion: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the IWAs. IWAs had below-ceiling performance on the future condition, and both participant groups were faster to respond to the past than to the future condition. These differences are attributed to a pre-existing preference to look at a past picture, which has to be overcome. Eye movement patterns suggest that both groups interpret future time reference similarly, while IWAs show a delay relative to NBDs in interpreting past time reference inflection. The eye tracking results support the PADILIH, because processing reference to the past in discourse syntax requires additional resources and thus, is problematic and delayed for people with aphasia. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Visual-world paradigm KW - Spoken language comprehension KW - Time reference KW - Morphology KW - Agrammatism KW - Eye-tracking KW - Aphasia KW - Discourse linking Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.026 SN - 0028-3932 SN - 1873-3514 VL - 65 SP - 180 EP - 190 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Bosch, Sina T1 - Morphosyntactic feature structure in the native and non-native mental lexicon BT - a priming study of stem allomorphy and inflectional affixes of German Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Accessing morphosyntax in L1 and L2 word recognition A priming study of inflected German adjectives JF - The mental lexicon N2 - In fusional languages, inflectional affixes may encode multiple morphosyntactic features such as case, number, and gender. To determine how these features are accessed during both native (L1) and non-native (L2) word recognition, the present study compares the results from a masked visual priming experiment testing inflected adjectives of German to those of a previous overt (cross-modal) priming experiment on the same phenomenon. While for the L1 group both experiments produced converging results, a group of highly-proficient Russian L2 learners of German showed native-like modulations of repetition priming effects under overt, but not under masked priming conditions. These results indicate that not only affixes but also their morphosyntactic features are accessible during initial form-based lexical access, albeit only for L1 and not for L2 processing. We argue that this contrast is in line with other findings suggesting that non-native language processing is less influenced by structural information than the L1. KW - morphosyntax KW - inflection KW - masked priming KW - late bilinguals Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.1.02bos SN - 1871-1340 SN - 1871-1375 VL - 11 SP - 26 EP - 54 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - De Cesare, Ilaria A1 - Demske, Ulrike A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - New empirical approaches to grammatical variation and change JF - Languages : open access journal Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030113 SN - 2226-471X VL - 6 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - De Cesare, Ilaria A1 - Demske, Ulrike A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Word-order variation and coherence in German infinitival complementation JF - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics N2 - This study provides a synthesis of corpus-based and experimental investigations of word-order preferences in German infinitival complementation. We carried out a systematic analysis of present-day German corpora to establish frequency distributions of different word-order options: extraposition, intraposition, and 'third construction'. We then examined, firstly, whether and to what extent corpus frequencies and processing economy constraints can predict the acceptability of these three word-order variants, and whether subject raising and subject control verbs form clearly distinguishable subclasses of infinitive-embedding verbs in terms of their word-order behaviour. Secondly, our study looks into the issue of coherence by comparing acceptability ratings for monoclausal coherent and biclausal incoherent construals of intraposed infinitives, and by examining whether a biclausal incoherent analysis gives rise to local and/or global processing difficulty. Taken together, our results revealed that (i) whilst the extraposition pattern consistently wins out over all other word-order variants for control verbs, neither frequency nor processing-based approaches to word-order variation can account for the acceptability of low-frequency variants, (ii) there is considerable verb-specific variation regarding word-order preferences both between and within the two sets of raising and control verbs under investigation, and (iii) although monoclausal coherent intraposition is rated above biclausal incoherent intraposition, the latter is not any more difficult to process than the former. Our findings indicate that frequency of occurrence and processing-related constraints interact with idiosyncratic lexical properties of individual verbs in determining German speakers' structural preferences. KW - Syntactic variation KW - German KW - Infinitives KW - Corpus linguistics KW - Acceptability judgements KW - Self-paced reading Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-023-09140-8 SN - 1572-8552 VL - 26 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -