TY  - GEN
A1  - Tröndle, Tim
A1  - Lilliestam, Johan
A1  - Marelli, Stefano
A1  - Pfenninger, Stefan
T1  - Trade-offs between geographic scale, cost, and infrastructure requirements for fully renewable electricity in Europe
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The European potential for renewable electricity is sufficient to enable fully renewable supply on different scales, from self-sufficient, subnational regions to an interconnected continent. We not only show that a continental-scale system is the cheapest, but also that systems on the national scale and below are possible at cost penalties of 20% or less. Transmission is key to low cost, but it is not necessary to vastly expand the transmission system. When electricity is transmitted only to balance fluctuations, the transmission grid size is comparable to today's, albeit with expanded cross-border capacities. The largest differences across scales concern land use and thus social acceptance: in the continental system, generation capacity is concentrated on the European periphery, where the best resources are. Regional systems, in contrast, have more dispersed generation. The key trade-off is therefore not between geographic scale and cost, but between scale and the spatial distribution of required generation and transmission infrastructure.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 146 
KW  - levelized cost
KW  - energy-system
KW  - power-system
KW  - storage
KW  - wind
KW  - reanalysis
KW  - decarbonization
KW  - transmission
KW  - integration
KW  - deployment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-539611
IS  - 9
SP  - 1929
EP  - 1948
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lilliestam, Johan
A1  - Patt, Anthony
A1  - Bersalli, German
T1  - The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization
BT  - a review of empirical ex-post evidence
JF  - Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change
N2  - In order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net-zero carbon emissions around mid-century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex-post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high-price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short-term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero-carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero-carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
KW  - carbon pricing
KW  - climate policy
KW  - decarbonization
KW  - technological change
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.681
SN  - 1757-7780
SN  - 1757-7799
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -