TY  - JOUR
A1  - Keesstra, Saskia Deborah
A1  - Geissen, Violetta
A1  - Mosse, K.
A1  - Piiranen, S.
A1  - Scudiero, E.
A1  - Leistra, M.
A1  - van Schaik, Loes
T1  - Soil as a filter for groundwater quality
JF  - Current opinion in environmental sustainability
N2  - The filtering function of soil is an important ecosystem service for groundwater and surface water protection. The efficiency of soils as a filter depends on the behaviour of pollutants in the soil and the hydrological transport processes. This paper aims to identify knowledge gaps in processes influencing pollutant behaviour in soils and their potential transport to groundwater. Currently most soil-filter function research is approached from two disciplines, one originating from agronomical/environmental sciences; one from more fundamental hydrological process research. Combining insights and approaches from both disciplines through collaboration could lead to better understanding of this complex system and enhance assessments of management strategy changes, both over the long term as well as in different climatic settings.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.007
SN  - 1877-3435
SN  - 1877-3443
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
SP  - 507
EP  - 516
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - Alter, Markus L.
T1  - Renal and cardiac effects of DPP-4 inhibitors - from preclinical development to clinical research
JF  - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie
N2  - Inhibitors of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-4) were developed and approved for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its mode of action is to inhibit the degradation of incretins, such as type 1 glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), and GIP. GLP-1 stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and suppresses glucagon release from alpha-cells, thereby improving glucose control. Besides its action on the pancreas type 1 glucagon like peptide has direct effects on the heart, vessels and kidney mainly via the type 1 glucagon like peptide receptor (GLP-1R). Moreover, there are substrates of DPP-4 beyond incretins that have proven renal and cardiovascular effects such as BNP/ANP, NPY, PYY or SDF-1 alpha. Preclinical evidence suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors may be effective in acute and chronic renal failure as well as in cardiac diseases like myocardial infarction and heart failure. Interestingly, large cardiovascular meta-analyses of combined Phase II/III clinical trials with DPP-4 inhibitors point all in the same direction: a potential reduction of cardiovascular events in patients treated with these agents. A pooled analysis of pivotal Phase III, placebo-controlled, registration studies of linagliptin further showed a significant reduction of urinary albumin excretion after 24 weeks of treatment. The observation suggests direct renoprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibition that may go beyond its glucose-lowering potential. Type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors have been shown to be very well tolerated in general, but for those excreted via the kidney dose adjustments according to renal function are needed to avoid side effects. In conclusion, the direct cardiac and renal effects seen in preclinical studies as well as meta-analysis of clinical trials may offer additional potentials - beyond improvement of glycemic control - for this newer class of drugs, such as acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure as well as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.
KW  - DDP-4 inhibition
KW  - Diabetes
KW  - GLP-1
KW  - Cardiovascular effects
KW  - Myocardial infarction
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Diabetic nephropathy
KW  - Acute renal failure
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000339028
SN  - 1420-4096
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 65
EP  - 84
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  -