TY - CHAP A1 - Hamann, Julian A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Bernhard, Stefan T1 - The double function of rankings BT - consecration and dispositif in transnational academic fields T2 - Charting transnational fields N2 - Rankings have grown in importance in the last decades. This is particularly evident in, but not limited to, academia. In this paper, we propose a power analytical take on academic rankings as a transnational(izing) phenomenon. In doing so, we make two contributions. First, we develop a conceptual definition of rankings as consecratory institutions. After providing an overview of the most prominent types of rankings in the academic field and discussing the different forms they can take, we suggest that rankings operate through subjectivation, zero-sum comparisons, quantification, publication and generating a doxical belief. Second, we propose that rankings fulfil a strategic double function. As a particularly momentous consecratory institution, rankings propel power shifts in the academic field and beyond by preferring (and being pushed by) specific academic milieus, types of agents, paradigms, and strategies. As a dispositif, rankings operate at the intersection of different fields, open academic fields up for a lay audience and advance processes of transnationalization by facilitating new modes of governance for hubs of state institutions, private corporations, media corporations, and data providers. Concluding, we argue that the consecration and dispositif functions rely on some basic principles of the practical functioning of rankings. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-27494-7 SN - 978-0-367-22418-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429274947-10 SP - 160 EP - 177 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ; New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Bernhard, Stefan ED - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Bernhard, Stefan T1 - How to chart transnational fields BT - introduction to a methodology for a political sociology of knowledge T2 - Charting transnational fields N2 - In this programmatic introduction, we lay out the foundations of an approach to analyzing knowledge-based political phenomena beyond the nation state from a field perspective. We understand transnational field analysis as a research program comprising genuine theoretical and methodological assumptions. While extant research is well aware of the theoretical assumptions of transnational field analysis, there is thus far relatively little awareness of the importance of its methodological premises. Addressing this imbalanced picture, we identify five methodological principles and specify consequences for studies of transnational fields. Our approach emphasizes that performing transnational field analysis goes beyond “taking a theory to the field”; it means engaging in and reflecting upon a complex research process that simultaneously draws upon and constructs theories of fields. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-27494-7 SN - 978-0-367-22418-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429274947-1 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ; New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schapkow, Carsten ED - Rauschenbach, Sina T1 - Max Nordau’s View on Sephardic Judaism and the Emergence of Political Zionism BT - Jewish-Jewish Encounters in History and Literature T2 - Sephardim and Ashkenazim N2 - In the following pages I discuss how,and to what extent, the eminent Zionist thinker Max Nordau, himself of Sephardic ancestry, viewed the history of the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula in the context of his general critique of assimilation not only in regard to Jews,but in a more comprehensive understanding as well. My focus here is on the significance of assimilation in the history of the Jews on the Iberian Peninsula as reflected in Nordau’s writings, with an additional emphasis on his two visits to Spain, thefirst in 1875 and again between 1914 and 1920. In so doing, I attempt to integrate Ashkenazic and Sephardic history into one field of Jewish Studies. The relationship between the two has not yet been researched comprehensively, particularly in the context of the historical study of Zionism. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110695410-010/html SN - 978-3-11-069541-0 SN - 978-3-11-069530-4 SN - 978-3-11-069552-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110695410-010 SN - 2192-9602 SP - 209 EP - 228 PB - De Gruyter CY - Oldenbourg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauschenbach, Sina ED - Tricoire, Damien ED - Laborie, Lionel T1 - Carvajal and the Franciscans BT - Jewish-Christian eschatological expectations in a New World setting T2 - Apocalypse Now N2 - Luis de Carvajal the Younger (1567–1596) is without doubt one of the most famous victims of the Mexican Inquisition. In 1595, Luis and his family were found guilty of “Judaizing” and sentenced to death. Due to his autobiography and letters which survived in the dossiers of his trials, scholars have been able to trace important aspects of Carvajal’s life, his religious thought, and his self-fashioning as a Jewish martyr. However, one question that has not yet been entirely discussed is Carvajal’s messianism in the context of New World geographies and influences. This chapter uses Carvajal’s autobiography, his letters, and his declarations during the trials to analyze the meaning of “the Americas” in Carvajal’s eschatological thought and to reflect upon possible influences from Mexican Franciscans and Christian millenarians with whom Carvajal was in contact between 1590 and 1595. It places Carvajal’s case in the broader context of recent studies of “converso messianism” and Jewish-Christian interactions in early modern eschatological and millenarian settings. It thus contributes to the exploration of entanglements between Jewish and Christian eschatological expectations in the early modern Atlantic World. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-00-308105-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081050-9 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon, New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wetzel, Johanna M. A1 - Reed, Kate A1 - Schenck, Marcia C. T1 - "Writing with my professors” BT - contesting the boundaries of the field in the Global History Dialogues Project T2 - Writing Together: Kollaboratives Schreiben mit Personen aus dem Feld N2 - Kollaboratives Forschen quer zu hegemonialen Wissensordnungen gilt als wichtiger Baustein dekolonialer Wissenspraxis. Gemeinsame Schreibprozesse von Wissenschaftler*innen und ihren nicht-wissenschaftlichen Forschungspartner*innen sind allerdings selten und eine methodologische und forschungspraktische Reflexion fehlt. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesen Lücken, indem sie erfolgreiche, aber auch gescheiterte Projekte kollaborativer Textproduktion zwischen Universität und Feld vorstellen und auf ihr Potenzial als transformative und dekoloniale Wissenspraxis befragen. So entsteht eine praktische Orientierungshilfe, die gleichzeitig die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anregt. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8394-6399-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839463994-002 VL - 45 SP - 31 EP - 53 PB - Transcript Verlag CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Kelly, Megan A1 - Jasser, Greta ED - Carian, Emily K. ED - DiBranco, Alex ED - Ebin, Chelsea T1 - Of victims, mass murder, and “real men” BT - the masculinities of the “manosphere” T2 - Male supremacism in the United States N2 - Over the last few decades, a network of misogynist blogs, websites, wikis, and forums has developed, where users share their bigoted, sexist, and toxic views of society in general and masculinity and femininity in particular. This chapter outlines conceptual framework of hegemonic and hybrid masculinity. It provides a brief overview of the historical development of the manosphere and its various configurations and present our analysis of the masculinities performed by the five groups of the manosphere. The concept of hegemonic masculinity was articulated by Connell and colleagues in the 1980s as “the pattern of practice that allowed men’s dominance over women to continue.” Prior to the advent of the manosphere, an online iteration of male supremacist mobilizations, both Men’s Rights Activists and Pick-up artists developed as offline movements in the 1970s. MRAs perceive their respective societies as inherently stacked against men. This chapter analyses the masculinities of the manosphere and how they “repudiat[e] and reif[y]” hegemonic masculinity and male supremacism. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-003-16472-2 SN - 978-0-367-75404-4 SN - 978-0-367-75258-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003164722-9 SP - 117 EP - 141 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cárdenas, Aura A1 - Schernthanner, Harald ED - Jacob-Lopes, Eduardo ED - Queiroz Zepka, Leila ED - Costa Deprá, Mariany T1 - The role of livestock wastes in clean energy BT - a mapping in Germany’s potential installations T2 - Handbook of waste biorefinery N2 - Agricultural production worldwide has been increasing in the last decades at a very fast pace and with it the waste generation. Livestock activities are one of the largest producers of residues in the agricultural sector and contribute greatly to climate change. The present chapter gives an introduction and an in-depth analysis of the waste management of livestock for the conversion in a circular agriculture and economy based on research and experience in the sector conducted in the last decades. The conversion of animal waste into energy generation is an opportunity for farmers to obtain additional economic benefits, while contributing to the environment by preventing the release of GHGs into the atmosphere. The use of animal waste for energy generation through anaerobic digestion is a progressive technique and is being widely accepted in Europe, where Germany is the leading country in the use of biogas plants for energy production among others in the European Union. Economically speaking, the livestock industry faces the challenge of converting its production into a clean and more profitable production. The goal of this chapter is to analyze the economic benefit as well as the environmental contribution and future challenges of the use of livestock waste in the biorefineries sector from different perspectives, based on an intensive literature review. This review is accompanied by a geospatial analysis component, mapping biogas reactor hotspots and clusters in Germany, by means of methods of spatial statistics as analysis methods as kernel density estimations (KDE) and K-means clustering, based on volunteer geographic data. The applied methods easily can be transferred to other regions and allow a quick macroscopic overview over existing biogas reactors; furthermore, an identification of cluster and hotspots with a high biogas potential, that in a subsequent step can be analyzed in depth in larger scales. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-06561-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06562-0_12 SP - 337 EP - 343 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin ED - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin ED - Shepherd, Laura J. T1 - Gender at the crossroads BT - the role of gender in the UN’s global counterterrorism reform at the humanitarian-development-peace nexus T2 - Gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism N2 - Since the early 2000s, the United Nations (UN) global counterterrorism architecture has seen significant changes towards increased multilateralism, a focus on prevention, and inter-institutional coordination across the UN’s three pillars of work. Throughout this reform process, gender aspects have increasingly become presented as a “cross-cutting” theme. In this article, I investigate the role of gender in the UN’s counterterrorism reform process at the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, or “triple nexus”, from a feminist institutionalist perspective. I conduct a feminist discourse analysis of the counterterrorism discourses of three UN entities, which represent the different UN pillars of peace and security (DPO), development (UNDP), and humanitarianism and human rights (OHCHR). The article examines the role of gender in the inter-institutional reform process by focusing on the changes, overlaps and differences in the discursive production of gender in the entities’ counterterrorism agendas over time and in two recent UN counterterrorism conferences. I find that gendered dynamics of nested newness and institutional layering have played an essential role both as a justification for the involvement of individual entities in counterterrorism and as a vehicle for inter-institutional cooperation and struggle for discursive power. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-003-38126-6 SN - 978-1-032-46347-6 SN - 978-1-032-46348-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003381266-2 SP - 11 EP - 36 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin ED - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin ED - Shepherd, Laura J. T1 - Introduction BT - gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism T2 - Gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism N2 - Several global governance initiatives launched in recent years have explicitly sought to integrate concern for gender equality and gendered harms into efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism. As a result, commitments to gender-sensitivity and gender equality in international and regional counterterrorism and countering violent extremism (CT/CVE) initiatives, in national action plans, and at the level of civil society programming, have become a common aspect of the multilevel governance of terrorism and violent extremism. In light of these developments, aspects of our own research have turned in the past years to explore how concerns about gender are being incorporated in the governance of terrorism and violent extremism and how this development has affected (gendered) practices and power relations in CT policymaking and implementation. We were inspired by the growing literature on gender and CT/CVE, and critical scholarship on terrorism and political violence, to bring together a collection of new research addressing these questions. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781003381266 SN - 978-1-032-46348-3 SN - 978-1-032-46347-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003381266-1 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Streck, Charlotte ED - Barnes, Richard ED - Long, Ronán T1 - From laggards to leaders T2 - Frontiers in international environmental law : doceans and climate challenges : essays in honour of David Freestone N2 - The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change embraces the participation of non-state actors in a separate governance track – the ‘Non-state actor zone for global action’ (nazca) – that runs alongside the formal track of unfccc negotiations and the implementation of the Paris Agreement by State Parties through ‘nationally determined contributions’. unfccc Secretariat is entrusted with orchestrating non-state global and transnational initiatives, partnerships and networks. The involvement of non-state actors in the implementation of the Paris Agreement helps to address an action gap by countries that are unable or unwilling to implement ambitious ndcs. However, the increased prominence of initiatives driven by non-state actors also increases their direct and indirect influence on processes and rules which raises a number of questions with regards to the legitimacy of action and the democratic deficit of the global climate regime. Balancing legitimacy with effectiveness requires non-state initiatives to ensure transparent and inclusive governance, and accountability towards progress against their goals and pledges. Despite its encouragement towards private initiatives, the Paris Agreement creates surprisingly little regulatory space for non-state actors to gain hold. Neither are there measures that would link ndcs to nazca initiatives, nor are functional requirements such as transparency or reporting extended to non-state initiatives. While the Paris Agreement marks an important step towards harnessing private sector ability and ambition for climate action, more remains to be done to create a truly enabling framework for private action to strive and complement public efforts to address climate change. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-90-04-37287-0 SN - 978-90-04-37288-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_004 SP - 75 EP - 105 PB - Brill Nijhoff CY - Leiden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - M’Hamed, Sonia Chikh A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. ED - Dyrhauge, Helene ED - Kurze, Kristina T1 - The keys to the EU’s climate neutrality goal T2 - Making the European Green Deal work N2 - The EU and its member countries have been laggards in using forest carbon to reduce EU emissions. The European Green Deal aims to change this. As part of its long-term emissions reductions, the EU aims to offset this by creating land-based carbon sinks, especially forest carbon sinks as well as carbon capture and storage. This chapter focuses on the role of forest carbon as part of the EU's climate policies towards achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It furthermore examines the European Commission's proposed forest strategy and its proposal for a revised LULUCF Regulation. The chapter shows that the logic of appropriateness dominates the European Commission's forest policies. Finally, the chapter makes policy recommendations on how the EU could credibly use long-term carbon sinks to achieve climate neutrality. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-032-16070-2 SN - 978-1-032-16077-1 SN - 978-1-003-24698-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003246985-6 SP - 60 EP - 75 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. ED - Jörgens, Helge ED - Knill, Christoph ED - Steinebach, Yves T1 - The challenge of long-term environmental policy T2 - Routledge handbook of environmental policy N2 - Long-term environmental policy remains a vexing puzzle of environmental policy. Following its definition, the author reviews the methods suitable for the study of long-term environmental policy and develops a typology of policy instruments to cope with these challenges. The concluding section offers five central research challenges to advance the study of long-term environmental policy. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-367-48992-2 SN - 978-1-032-50311-0 SN - 978-1-003-04384-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043843-26 SP - 305 EP - 314 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wagner, Dieter A1 - Tellez, Ibrahin Amhed León ED - Hickmann, Thomas ED - Lederer, Markus T1 - Knowledge and technology-transfer-networks BT - examples in the nutrition, food and agricultural sector in Germany and Cuba T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-285 SP - 285 EP - 298 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jann, Werner ED - Hickmann, Thomas ED - Lederer, Markus T1 - The modern state and administrative reform BT - the times they are a-changin’ T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß : sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Entwicklung, Verwaltung, Umwelt und Klima : Festschrift für Harald Fuhr Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-59 SP - 59 EP - 72 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. ED - Morin, Jean-Frédéric ED - Orsini, Amandine T1 - Effectiveness T2 - Essential concepts of global environmental governance Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-367-41869-4 SN - 978-0-367-41870-0 SN - 978-0-367-81668-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816681-34 SP - 80 EP - 83 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Seyfried, Markus ED - Hickmann, Thomas ED - Lederer, Markus T1 - Challenges, triggers and initiators of climate policies and implications for policy formulation T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-169 SP - 169 EP - 180 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pruin, Andree ED - Randma-Liiv, Tiina ED - Lember, Veiko T1 - How organizational factors shape e-participation BT - lessons from the German one-stop participation portal meinBerlin T2 - Engaging citizens in policy making : e-participation practices in Europe Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781800374362 SN - 9781800374355 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800374362.00022 SP - 209 EP - 224 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. ED - Schweiger, Gottfried T1 - Epistemic injustice and recognition theory: what we owe to refugees T2 - Migration, recognition and critical theory N2 - This paper starts from the premise that Western states are connected to some of the harms refugees suffer from. It specifically focuses on the harm of acts of misrecognition and its relation to epistemic injustice that refugees suffer from in refugee camps, in detention centers, and during their desperate attempts to find refuge. The paper discusses the relation between hermeneutical injustice and acts of misrecognition, showing that these two phenomena are interconnected and that acts of misrecognition are particularly damaging when (a) they stretch over different contexts, leaving us without or with very few safe spaces, and (b) they dislocate us, leaving us without a community to turn to. The paper then considers the ways in which refugees experience acts of misrecognition and suffer from hermeneutical injustice, using the case of unaccompanied children at the well-known and overcrowded camp Moria in Greece, the case of unsafe detention centers in Libya, and the case of the denial to assistance on the Mediterranean and the resulting pushbacks from international waters to Libya as well as the preventable drowning of refugees in the Mediterranean to illustrate the arguments. Finally, the paper argues for specific duties toward refugees that result from the prior arguments on misrecognition and hermeneutical injustice. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-72731-4 SN - 978-3-030-72732-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72732-1_12 VL - 21 SP - 257 EP - 282 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heuberger, Moritz A1 - Schwab, Christian ED - Bergström, Tomas ED - Franzke, Jochen ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Wayenberg, Ellen T1 - Challenges of digital service provision for local governments from the citizens’ view BT - comparing citizens’ expectations and their experiences of digital service provision T2 - The future of local self-government Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-56058-4 SN - 978-3-030-56059-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_9 SP - 115 EP - 130 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - German local authorities coping with the Covid-19 pandemic BT - capacities and autonomy under stress T2 - L’ administration locale face à la crise sanitaire Y1 - 2021 SN - 9782281134964 SN - 9782281134957 SP - 257 EP - 272 PB - Éditions Le Moniteur CY - Antony ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen ED - Nunes Silva, Carlos T1 - German local authorities in the COVID-19 pandemic BT - challenges, impacts and adaptations T2 - Local government and the COVID-19 pandemic N2 - This study evaluates the challenges, institutional impacts and responses of German local authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic from a political science point of view. The main research question is how they have contributed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to what extent the strengths and weaknesses of the German model of municipal autonomy have influenced their policy. It analyses the adaptation strategies of German local authorities and assesses the effectiveness of their actions up to now. Their implementation is then evaluated in five selected issues, e.g. adjustment organization and staff, challenges for local finances, local politics and citizen’s participation. This analysis is reflecting the scientific debate in Germany since the beginning of 2020, based on the available analyses of political science, law, economics, sociology and geography until end of March 2021. KW - Germany KW - municipalities KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - resilience KW - coordination KW - administration KW - local and urban governance KW - local politics KW - local finance KW - local community Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-91111-9 SN - 978-3-030-91112-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91112-6_6 SP - 131 EP - 154 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fuhr, Harald ED - Rüland, Jürgen ED - Carrapatoso, Astrid T1 - Development thinking and practice BT - from carbon-led growth to low-carbon development T2 - Handbook on global governance and regionalism N2 - After some seventy years of intensive debates, there is an increasingly strong consensus within the academic and practitioner communities that development is both an objective and a process towards improving the quality of people's lives in various societal dimensions – economic, social, environmental, cultural and political – and about how subjectively satisfied they are with it. Since 2015, the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) reflect such consensus. The sections behind this argument are based on a review of (i) three key theoretical contributions to development and different phases of development thinking; (ii) global and regional governance arrangements and institutions for development cooperation; (iii) upcoming challenges to development policy and practice stemming from a series of new global challenges; and, (iv) development policy as a long and steady, increasingly global and participatory learning process. KW - aid KW - development KW - dependency KW - modernization KW - post-development Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80037-755-4 SN - 978-1-80037-756-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800377561.00037 SP - 365 EP - 380 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen ED - Stelmach, Andrzej ED - Barabasz, Adam ED - Trosiak, Cezary T1 - Challenges of admission and integration of Ukraine war refugees in Germany since the Russian raid in February 2022 BT - a preliminary outline T2 - Ziemie Zachodnie i Północne Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-83-66740-70-9 SP - 403 EP - 412 PB - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu CY - Poznań ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul ED - Bergström, Tomas ED - Franzke, Jochen ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Wayenberg, Ellen T1 - Reforms of school supervision in the German Länder BT - converging school supervision structures? T2 - The future of local self-government N2 - While school supervision structures in the German Länder were extensively reformed during the last decades, systematic analyses of these reforms are missing. This chapter contributes to this research gap by providing an overview of the implemented reforms of school supervision structures in the German Länder. The effects of these reforms are analysed in order to answer the question of whether a convergence of school supervision systems is a result of these reforms. In a first step, a distinction is made to identify system-changing reforms. Although a decrease of the number or a concentration on one school supervision system is not a result of the analysis, it is argued that there is a convergence of school supervision structures, as a clear trend against school supervision systems with lower school supervisory boards can be observed. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-56058-4 SN - 978-3-030-56059-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_19 SP - 257 EP - 273 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dieter, Heribert ED - Mirchandani, Maya ED - Suri, Shoba ED - Warjri, Laetitia T1 - Germany in the Covid-19-crisis BT - more robust than other European countries? T2 - The viral world N2 - The COVID-19 virus has hit Germany as unexpectedly as other European countries. For a few weeks, Germans thought that COVID-19 was an issue for Asian states and not for their country. Although Germany continues to be affected by the coronavirus, the situation is nowhere as dire as it was in Britain, Italy or Spain. The race to lift restrictions in Germany began in May, and by early June, the country may be back to normal. Germany, with its enormous financial resources and a well-equipped medical sector, appears to be better placed than other economies to weather the storm. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-Viral-World.pdf SN - 978-93-90159-27-7 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - Observer Research Foundation CY - New Delhi, India ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dieter, Heribert ED - Hickmann, Thomas ED - Lederer, Markus T1 - Germany as a leading power BT - a pipe dream T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-73 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dannemann, Udo ED - Fridrich, Christian ED - Hagedorn, Udo ED - Hedtke, Reinhold ED - Mittnik, Philipp ED - Tafner, Georg T1 - Understanding neoliberal subjectification BT - the contemporary homo economicus in the context of socio-economic education T2 - Economy, society and politics : socio-economic and political education in schools and universities N2 - The contribution explores how an understanding of neoliberal subjectification in socio-economic education can serve to counteract the trend marketisation of democracy. Drawing on Foucault’s lectures on biopolitics and Brown’s current analysis of neoliberalism, it lays out a sociological explanation that treats the idea of homo economicus as a structuring element of our society and outlines the threat this poses to the liberal democratic order. The second part of the contribution outlines – through immanent critique – an ideology-critical analytical competence that uses key problems to illuminate socially critical perspectives on social reality. The objective is to challenge some of the foundations of social order (Salomon, D. Kritische politische Bildung. Ein Versuch. In B. Widmaier & Overwien, B. (Hrsg.), Was heißt heute kritische politische Bildung? (S. 232–239). Wochenschau, 2013) in pursuit of the ultimate objective of an educated and assertive citizenry. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-658-42524-1 SN - 978-3-658-42525-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42525-8_10 SP - 217 EP - 236 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon ED - Dafinger, Johannes ED - Florin, Moritz T1 - Identifying extreme-right terrorism BT - concepts and misconceptions T2 - A transnational history of right-wing terrorism N2 - Extreme-right terrorism is a threat that is often underestimated by the public at large. As this paper argues, this is partly due to a concept of terrorism utilized by policymakers, intelligence agents, and police investigators that is based on experience of international terrorism perpetrated by leftists or jihadists as opposed to domestic extreme-right violence. This was one reason why investigators failed to identify the crimes committed by the National Socialist Underground (NSU) in Germany (2000–2011) as extreme-right terrorism, for example. While scholarly debate focused on the Red Army Faction and Al Qaeda, terrorist tendencies among those perpetrating racist and extreme-right violence tended to be disregarded. Influential researchers in the field of “extremism” denied that terrorist acts were committed by right-wingers. By mapping the specifics regarding the strategic use of violence, target selection, addressing of different audiences etc., this paper proposes a more accurate definition of extreme-right terrorism. In comparing it to other forms of terrorism, extreme-right terrorism is distinguished by its specific framework of ideologies and practices, with the underlying idea of an essential inequality that is compensated for through the affirmation of violence. It can be differentiated from other forms of extreme-right violence based on its use of strategic, premeditated and planned attacks against targets of a symbolic nature. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-003-10525-1 SN - 978-0-367-61210-8 SN - 978-0-367-61336-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105251-17 SP - 241 EP - 257 PB - Routledge CY - London ; New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - True right against formal right: The body of right and the limits of property T2 - Hegel's philosophy of right: critical perspectives on freedom and history N2 - The conception of property at the basis of Hegel’s conception of abstract right seems committed to a problematic form of “possessive individualism.” It seems to conceive of right as the expression of human mastery over nature and as based upon an irreducible opposition of person and nature, rightful will, and rightless thing. However, this chapter argues that Hegel starts with a form of possessive individualism only to show that it undermines itself. This is evident in the way Hegel unfolds the nature of property as it applies to external things as well as in the way he explains our self-ownership of our own bodies and lives. Hegel develops the idea of property to a point where it reaches a critical limit and encounters the “true right” that life possesses against the “formal” and “abstract right” of property. Ultimately, Hegel’s account suggests that nature should precisely not be treated as a rightless object at our arbitrary disposal but acknowledged as the inorganic body of right. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781003081036 SN - 9780367532321 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081036-10 SP - 147 EP - 168 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - The stage of difference: On the second nature of civil society in Kant and Hegel T2 - Naturalism and social philosophy Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5381-7492-0 SN - 978-1-5381-7493-7 SP - 35 EP - 64 PB - Rowman & Littlefield CY - Lanham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - Genus-being: On Marx's dialectical naturalism T2 - Nature and naturalism in classical German philosophy N2 - In his 1844 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx famously claims that the human being is or has a ‘Gattungswesen.’ This is often understood to mean that the human being is a ‘species-being’ and is determined by a given ‘species-essence.’ In this chapter, I argue that this reading is mistaken. What Marx calls Gattungswesen is precisely not a ‘species-being,’ but a being that, in a very specific sense, transcends the limits of its own given species. This different understanding of the genus- character of the human being opens up a new perspective on the naturalism of the early Marx. He is not informed by a problematic speciesist and essentialist naturalism, as is often assumed, but by a different form of naturalism which I propose to call ‘dialectical naturalism.’ The chapter starts (I) by developing Hegel’s account of genus which provides us with a useful background for (II) understanding Marx’s original notion of a genus-being and its practical, social, developmental character. In the last section, I show that (III) the actualization of our genus-being thus depends on the production of a specific type of ‘second nature’ that is at the heart of Marx’s dialectical naturalism. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-54172-9 SN - 978-1-003-09205-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003092056-13 SP - 246 EP - 278 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Corazza, Giovanni Emanuele A1 - Thienen, Julia von ED - Glăveanu, Vlad Petre T1 - Invention T2 - The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible N2 - This entry addresses invention from five different perspectives: (i) definition of the term, (ii) mechanisms underlying invention processes, (iii) (pre-)history of human inventions, (iv) intellectual property protection vs open innovation, and (v) case studies of great inventors. Regarding the definition, an invention is the outcome of a creative process taking place within a technological milieu, which is recognized as successful in terms of its effectiveness as an original technology. In the process of invention, a technological possibility becomes realized. Inventions are distinct from either discovery or innovation. In human creative processes, seven mechanisms of invention can be observed, yielding characteristic outcomes: (1) basic inventions, (2) invention branches, (3) invention combinations, (4) invention toolkits, (5) invention exaptations, (6) invention values, and (7) game-changing inventions. The development of humanity has been strongly shaped by inventions ever since early stone tools and the conception of agriculture. An “explosion of creativity” has been associated with Homo sapiens, and inventions in all fields of human endeavor have followed suit, engendering an exponential growth of cumulative culture. This culture development emerges essentially through a reuse of previous inventions, their revision, amendment and rededication. In sociocultural terms, humans have increasingly regulated processes of invention and invention-reuse through concepts such as intellectual property, patents, open innovation and licensing methods. Finally, three case studies of great inventors are considered: Edison, Marconi, and Montessori, next to a discussion of human invention processes as collaborative endeavors. KW - invention KW - creativity KW - invention mechanism KW - cumulative culture KW - technology KW - innovation KW - patent KW - open innovation Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-030-90912-3 SN - 978-3-030-90913-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90913-0_14 SP - 806 EP - 814 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mishra, Vidisha A1 - Vladova, Gergana ED - Miller, Katharina ED - Wendt, Karen T1 - It’s personal BT - 4IR and the future of learning T2 - The fourth industrial revolution and its impact on ethics N2 - The new technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) are disrupting traditional models of work and learning. While the impact of digitalization on education was already a point of serious deliberation, the COVID-19 pandemic has expedited ongoing transitions. With 90% of the world’s student population having been impacted by national lockdowns—online learning has gone from being a luxury to a necessity, in a context where around 3.6 billion people are offline. As the impacts of the 4IR unfold alongside the current crisis, it is not enough for future policy pathways to prioritize educational attainment in the traditional sense; it is essential to reimagine education itself as well as its delivery entirely. Future policy narratives will need to evaluate the very process of learning and identify the ways in which technology can help reduce existing disparities and enhance digital access, literacy and fluency in a scalable manner. In this context, this chapter analyses the status quo of online learning in India and Germany. Drawing on the experiences of these two economies with distinct trajectories of digitalization, the chapter explores how new technologies intersect with traditional education and local sociocultural conditions. Further, the limitations and opportunities presented by dominant ed-tech models is critically analyzed against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. KW - 4IR KW - digital KW - online KW - gender KW - automation KW - inequality Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-57019-4 SN - 978-3-030-57020-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57020-0_12 SP - 151 EP - 158 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Görlitz, Katja A1 - Rzepka, Sylvi A1 - Tamm, Marcus ED - Weinert, Sabine ED - Blossfeld, Gwendolin Josephine ED - Blossfeld, Hans-Peter T1 - Regional factors as determinants of employees’ training participation T2 - Education, competence development and career trajectories N2 - Although the literature on the determinants of training has considered individual and firm-related characteristics, it has generally neglected regional factors. This is surprising, given the fact that labour markets differ by regions. Regional factors are often ignored because (both in Germany and abroad) many data sets covering training information do not include detailed geographical identifiers that would allow a merging of information on the regional level. The regional identifiers of the National Educational Panel Study (Starting Cohort 6) offer opportunities to advance research on several regional factors. This article summarizes the results from two studies that exploit these unique opportunities to investigate the relationship between training participation and (a) the local level of firm competition for workers within specific sectors of the economy and (b) the regional supply of training measured as the number of firms offering courses or seminars for potential training participants. KW - training participation KW - regional determinants KW - local employer density KW - training supply KW - National Educational Panel Study (starting cohort 6) Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-27006-2 SN - 978-3-031-27007-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_15 SP - 337 EP - 345 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Vladova, Gergana ED - Müller Werder, Claude ED - Erlemann, Jennifer T1 - Technology-enhanced learning in higher education BT - insights from a qualitative study on university-integrated makerspaces in six European countries T2 - Seamless Learning - lebenslanges, durchgängiges Lernen ermöglichen N2 - New technological applications such as Augmented Reality or Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) lead to alternative ways of learning. In order to be able to use this to its potential, the promotion of digital competencies “Digital Competence is the set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, abilities, strategies, and awareness that are required when using ICT and digital media to perform tasks; solve problems; communicate; manage information; collaborate; create and share content; and build knowledge effectively, efficiently, appropriately, critically, creatively, autonomously, flexibly, ethically, reflectively for work, le sure, participation, learning, and socialising.” (Ferrari, 2012). and a corresponding amount of practical "learning-by-doing" effects is required (cf. Ecker/Campbell 2019, p. 154). For this purpose, spaces and framework conditions must be created for application-based learning, which is also increasingly required by the employment market. In this context, we take a closer look at a new emerging subculture in university infrastructure called Maker Movement (MM). Our research work aims at investigating the pedagogical potential of particularly university-integrated makerspaces (MS) to enhance experiential learning with digital tools. To decode the innovative potential, we collected qualitative data from nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews with lab managers and researchers at European MS in six different countries. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8309-4244-3 SN - 978-3-8309-9244-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31244/9783830992448 SN - 1434-3436 SP - 27 EP - 37 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höchenberger, Ralf A1 - Hummel, Detlev A1 - Seitz, Jürgen ED - Sharma, Neha ED - Goje, Amol ED - Chakrabarti, Amlan ED - Bruckstein, Alfred M. T1 - Do women shy away from cryptocurrency investment? BT - cross-country evidence from survey data T2 - Data management, analytics and innovation N2 - This study utilizes cross-country survey data to analyze differences in attitudes toward cryptocurrency as an alternative to traditional money issued by a central bank. Particularly, we investigate women’s general attitude toward cryptocurrency systems. Results suggest that women invest less into cryptocurrency, show less interest in the future cryptocurrency investment, and see less economic potential in these systems than men do. Further evidence shows that these attitudes are directly connected with lower literacy in cryptocurrency systems. These findings support theory on gender differences in investment behavior. We contribute to the existing literature by conducting a cross-country survey on cryptocurrency attitudes in Europe and Asia, and hence show that this gender effect is robust across these cultures. KW - cryptocurrencies KW - bitcoin KW - financial literacy KW - gender gap KW - risk tolerance Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-981-99-1413-5 SN - 978-981-99-1414-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1414-2_6 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Apelojg, Benjamin ED - Ashkanasy, Neal M. ED - Troth, Ashlea C. ED - Humphrey, Ronald H. T1 - I need to move it, move It! BT - how physiological needs influence feelings, motivation, and interest in learning situations T2 - Emotion in organizations N2 - Purpose Student interest and learning success is an important component of teaching learning research. However, while the impact of emotions and psychological needs on students' achievements has been a focus of research, the impact of their physiological needs has been under studied. In this explorative study, I examine what impact the physiological and psychological needs of student teachers have on their feelings, motivation, and interest in different learning settings. Approach The research method used was the daily reconstruction method and included the Felix-App, a new digital research and feedback tool that allows the measurement of feelings, needs, motivation, and interest in real time. Findings The results suggest the importance of physiological needs for perceived emotions, motivation, and interest in the learning subject. The psychological needs, on the other hand, are of less importance. Originality The Felix-App is an innovative tool to learn more about learners' emotions and needs in real learning settings. The importance of physiological needs has been known since Maslow, but should be considered much more in the context of teaching and learning research in the future. There is a need for further research on the importance of physical aspects in learning. KW - physiological needs KW - emotions KW - motivation KW - homeostasis KW - learning environment KW - Experience Sampling Method (ESM) Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-83797-251-7 SN - 978-1-83797-250-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1746-979120240000019002 SP - 13 EP - 35 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Schlüter, Charlotte A1 - Molina, Stefania ED - Dobrotić, Ivana ED - Blum, Sonja ED - Koslowski, Alison T1 - The role of employers in reducing the implementation gap in leave policies T2 - Research handbook on leave policy N2 - Although mothers and fathers in almost all rich democracies are entitled to some form of paid parenting leave, fathers in particular do not take all the leave available to them. As employers play an important role in the implementation of parenting leave policies, this chapter investigates which workplace characteristics influence mothers' and fathers' uptake of their statutory leave entitlements. In Part 1, we estimate the size of the gap between statutory leave entitlement and leave uptake across genders and countries by combining data from the OECD and the European Labor Force Survey. In Parts 2 and 3, we review the literature on structural, cultural, and normative explanations for the gap in parenting leave uptake. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for further research, including the need for reliable data on the size of the implementation gap and research on non-European countries. KW - parental leave KW - policy implementation KW - employment KW - workplace culture KW - gender equality Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80037-221-4 SN - 978-1-80037-220-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800372214.00036 SP - 338 EP - 352 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Linke, Felix ED - Bender, Benedict T1 - Platform coring in the browser domain BT - an exploratory study T2 - Platform coring on digital software platforms N2 - Modern browsers are digital software platforms, as they allow third parties to extend functionality by providing extensions. In a highly competitive environment, differentiation through provided functionality is a key factor for browser platforms. As the development of browsers progress, new functions are constantly being released. Browsers could thus enter complementary markets by adding functionality previously provided by third-party extensions, which is referred to as ‘platform coring’. Previous studies have missed the perspective of the parties involved. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with third-party and core developers in the security and privacy domain from Firefox and Chrome. This study provides three contributions. First, insights into stakeholder-specific issues concerning coring. Second, measures to prevent coring. Third, strategical guidance for developers and owners. Third-party vendors experienced and core developers confirmed that coring occurs on browser platforms. While developers with extrinsic motivations assess coring negatively, developers with intrinsic motivations perceive coring positively. KW - platform coring KW - browser platforms KW - platform innovation KW - Firefox KW - Chrome Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-34798-7 SN - 978-3-658-34799-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_6 SP - 119 EP - 148 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Thim, Christof ED - Bender, Benedict T1 - Entering complementary markets on software platforms BT - the third-party perspective T2 - Platform coring on digital software platforms N2 - Software platforms regularly introduce new features to remain competitive. While platform innovation is considered to be a critical success factor, adding certain features could hurt the ecosystem. If platform owners provide functionality that was previously provided by a contributor, the owners enter complementary product spaces. Complementary market entry frequently occurs on software platforms and is a major concern for third-party developers. Divergent findings on the impact of complementary market entry call for the consideration of additional factors. As prior research neglected the third-party perspective, this contribution aims to address this gap. We explore the use of measures to prevent complementary market entry using a survey approach on browser platforms. The research model is tested with 655 responses among developer from Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. To explain countermeasures employment, developer’s attitude and perceived likelihood are important. The results reveal that developers employ countermeasures if complementary market entry is assessed negatively and perceived as likely for their extension. Differences among browser platforms concerning complementary market entry are identified. Product spaces of extensions being available on multiple platforms are less likely to be entered and more heavily protected. Implications for research and stakeholders, i.e. platform owners and contributors are discussed. KW - complementary market entry KW - third-party developer KW - digital platforms KW - software platforms KW - browser platforms KW - platform innovation Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-34798-7 SN - 978-3-658-34799-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_7 SP - 149 EP - 199 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo T1 - 'Per voler del primo amor ch'i' sento' BT - Justinian and Theodora from the sixth to sixteenth centuries T2 - Representing Rome's emperors: historical and cultural perspectives through time Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-19-286926-5 SP - 195 EP - 213 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tipold, Marc T1 - In the shadow of Valerian BT - Galerius’ Persian campaigns and the communication startegies of tetrarchic eastern policy T2 - The Tetrarchy as Ideology : Reconfigurations and Representations of an Imperial Power Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-515-13400-2 SN - 978-3-515-13403-3 SP - 267 EP - 287 PB - Franz Steiner Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Verwiebe, Roland ED - Maggino, Filomena T1 - Social institutions T2 - Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research N2 - Social institutions are a system of behavioral and relationship patterns that are densely interwoven and enduring and function across an entire society. They order and structure the behavior of individuals in core areas of society and thus have a strong impact on the quality of life of individuals. Institutions regulate the following: (a) family and relationship networks carry out social reproduction and socialization; (b) institutions in the realm of education and training ensure the transmission and cultivation of knowledge, abilities, and specialized skills; (c) institutions in the labor market and economy provide for the production and distribution of goods and services; (d) institutions in the realm of law, governance, and politics provide for the maintenance of the social order; (e) while cultural, media, and religious institutions further the development of contexts of meaning, value orientations, and symbolic codes. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-17298-4 SN - 978-3-031-17299-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_2768 SP - 6598 EP - 6600 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borck, Rainald ED - Zimmermann, Klaus F. T1 - Energy policies, agglomeration, and pollution T2 - Handbook of labor, human resources and population economics N2 - This chapter reviews the interplay of agglomeration and pollution as well as the effect of energy policies on pollution in an urban context. It starts by describing the effect of agglomeration on pollution. While this effect is theoretically ambiguous, empirical research tends to find that larger cities are more polluted, but per capita emissions fall with city size. The chapter discusses the implications for optimal city size. Conversely, urban pollution tends to discourage agglomeration if larger cities are more exposed to pollution. The chapter then considers various energy policies and their effect on urban pollution. Specifically, it looks at the effects of energy and transport policies as well as urban policies such as zoning. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-319-57365-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_421-1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schöniger, Franziska A1 - Resch, Gustav A1 - Kleinschmitt, Christoph A1 - Franke, Katja A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Lilliestam, Johan ED - Uyar, Tanay Sıdkı ED - Javani, Nader T1 - The need for dispatchable RES BT - a closer look at the future role of CSP in Europe T2 - Renewable energy based solutions N2 - Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonised power generation and is one of the few switchable renewable technologies that can generate renewable power on demand. Today (2018), CSP only contributes 5 TWh to European electricity generation but has the potential to become an important generation asset for decarbonising the electricity sector within Europe as well as globally. This chapter examines how factors and key political decisions lead to different futures and the associated CSP use in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step, we characterise the scenarios with the associated system costs and the costs of the support policy. We show that the role of CSP in Europe depends crucially on political decisions and the success or failure of policies outside of renewable energies. In particular, the introduction of CSP depends on the general ambitions for decarbonisation, the level of cross-border trade in electricity from renewable sources and is made possible by the existence of a strong grid connection between the southern and northern European Member States and by future growth in electricity demand. The presence of other baseload technologies, particularly nuclear energy in France, diminishes the role and need for CSP. Assuming a favourable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modelled scenarios: Contribution of 100 TWh to 300 TWh of electricity to a future European electricity system. The current European CSP fleet would have to be increased by a factor of 20 to 60 over the next 30 years. To achieve this, stable financial support for CSP would be required. Depending on framework conditions and assumptions, the amount of support ranges at the EU level from € 0.4 to 2 billion per year, which represents only a small proportion of the total support requirement for the energy system transformation. Cooperation between the Member States could further help reduce these costs. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-05124-1 SN - 978-3-031-05125-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05125-8_8 VL - 87 SP - 219 EP - 239 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quitzow, Rainer A1 - Bersalli, Germán A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Prontera, Andrea ED - Rayner, Tim ED - Szulecki, Kacper ED - Jordan, Andrew J. ED - Oberthür, Sebastian T1 - Green recovery BT - catalyst for an enhanced EU role in climate and energy policy? T2 - Handbook on European Union Climate Change Policy and Politics N2 - This chapter reviews how the European Union has fared in enabling a green recovery in the aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis, drawing comparisons to developments after the financial crisis. The chapter focuses on the European Commission and its evolving role in promoting decarbonisation efforts in its Member States, paying particular attention to its role in financing investments in low-carbon assets. It considers both the direct effects of green stimulus policies on decarbonisation in the EU and how these actions have shaped the capacities of the Commission as an actor in the field of climate and energy policy. The analysis reveals a significant expansion of the Commission’s role compared to the period following the financial crisis. EU-level measures have provided incentives for Member States to direct large volumes of financing towards investments in climate-friendly assets. Nevertheless, the ultimate impact will largely be shaped by implementation at the national level. KW - European Union KW - green recovery KW - climate finance KW - European Green Deal KW - just transition Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-78990-698-1 SN - 978-1-78990-697-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789906981.00039 SP - 351 EP - 366 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liese, Andrea A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa ED - Knill, Christoph ED - Steinebach, Yves T1 - Reputation and influence T2 - International public administrations in global public policy N2 - International public administrations (IPAs) are collective bodies within international organizations (IOs) made up of international civil servants that support the intergovernmental bodies and member states. Over the last decade, research on these bodies has “gained substantial momentum”. Comparative assessments of IPAs reputation among stakeholders are rare. The literature on the sociological legitimacy of IOs is most advanced in this respect. A comparative agenda on IPAs reputation for expertise or neutrality is still in its infancy. Research has shown that different stakeholders view the same IPA quite differently. Reputation is a crucial concept in political science and IR research and has been widely used to predict states’ future behavior, notably regarding cooperation and conflict. IPAs seem to vary substantially in their reputation for expertise among critical interlocutors. In financial policy, several prominent IPAs are seen as experts, including the European Central Bank and the IMF. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-032-34673-1 SN - 978-1-032-34672-4 SN - 978-1-003-32329-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003323297-5 SP - 52 EP - 81 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krieger, Heike A1 - Liese, Andrea ED - Krieger, Heike ED - Liese, Andrea T1 - Conclusion BT - turbulence, robustness, and value change T2 - Tracing value change in the international legal order N2 - Based on the previous findings in this book, Chapter 18 by Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese discusses the general dynamics of change or metamorphosis in the international legal order. They discern a mixed picture of an international order between metamorphosis—that is, a more fundamental transformation—of international law, norm change, turbulences, and robustness. They explain drivers of change and highlight factors such as national interests during the war on terror, changing long-term foreign policy beliefs, and the rise in populism and autocracy, before discussing the most common strategies the actors involved use. Other relevant factors include changes in the political environment, such as shocks and power shifts or the ambiguous role of fragmentation. Moreover, they identify factors that make legal norms robust, including the vital role of norm defenders and legal and institutional structures as stabilizing elements. Krieger and Liese conclude by cautioning that if the attacks on the international order continue at the current frequency and magnitude, a metamorphosis of international law will likely be unstoppable. KW - value change KW - legal change KW - norm robustness KW - norm dynamics KW - drivers for change KW - metamorphosis of international law Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-19-285583-1 SN - 978-0-19-266836-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855831.003.0018 SP - 319 EP - C18N113 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krieger, Heike A1 - Liese, Andrea ED - Krieger, Heike ED - Liese, Andrea T1 - Introduction T2 - Tracing value change in the international legal order N2 - Can a metamorphosis of international law be identified while it is still underway? In Chapter 1, the Introduction, Krieger and Liese set the stage for the interdisciplinary assessment of the effects of the current crisis of the international legal order. They offer fundamental common values as a reference point and yardstick to systematically evaluate and analyse normative changes in international law. After explaining the benefits of interdisciplinary exchange and clarifying the basic concepts from the respective disciplinary perspectives, they develop the book’s conceptual framework for assessing and explaining value change in the international legal order. The Introduction also elaborates on the book’s research design and case selection and summarizes the aims and key contributions of each conceptual and empirical chapter. KW - value change KW - norm change KW - international legal order KW - interdisciplinarity KW - crisis KW - contestation KW - challenges for international law Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-19-285583-1 SN - 978-0-19-266836-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855831.003.0001 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Veit, Sylvia ED - Varone, Frédéric ED - Jacob, Steve ED - Bundi, Pirmin T1 - Evaluation of and in public administration T2 - Handbook of public policy evaluation N2 - This chapter addresses the role of evaluation of and in public administration. We focus on two analytical key dimensions: a) the provider of the evaluation and b) the subject of the evaluation. Four major types of evaluation are distinguished: (1) external institutional evaluation, (2) internal institutional evaluation, (3) external evaluation of administrative action/results, (4) internal evaluation of administrative action/results. Type 1 and 2 refer to evaluation of administrative structures and processes as the subject of administrative reform. Type 3 and 4 represent different versions of evaluation in public administration, because the subject is administrative action and its outputs. The chapter highlights salient approaches and organizational settings of evaluation and provides insights into the institutionalization of an evaluation function in public administration. Finally, the chapter draws lessons regarding strengths and potentials but also remaining weaknesses and challenges of evaluation of and in public administration. KW - administrative reform KW - new public management KW - public administration KW - institutionalization of evaluation KW - typology of evaluation KW - better regulation Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781800884892 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800884892.00023 SP - 220 EP - 237 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Seyfried, Markus ED - Vigoda-Gadot, Eran ED - Vashdi, Dana R. T1 - Comparative methods B BT - comparative methods in public administration – the value of looking around T2 - Handbook of research methods in public administration, management and policy N2 - This chapter outlines the relevance and value of comparative approaches and methods in studying Public Administration (PA). It discusses the roots and current developments of comparative research in PA and discusses various methodological venues for cross-country comparisons, such as most similar/dissimilar systems designs, the method of concomitant variation and the difference-in-difference method. Besides the description of these approaches, we highlight their conceptual value for theory-driven empirical comparative research. Drawing on selected pieces of comparative research, the chapter furthermore provides examples for the application of comparative methods in practice presenting empirical findings and highlighting strengths and weaknesses. The chapter finally emphasizes that the methodological development in comparative PA research has by far not yet reached its end, and that some future challenges need to be addressed, such as the issues of causality, generalizability, and mixed-methods approaches. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-78990-347-8 SN - 978-1-78990-348-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903485.00017 SP - 181 EP - 196 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine ED - Teles, Filipe T1 - Comparing local government systems and reforms in Europe BT - from new public management to digital era governance? T2 - Handbook on local and regional governance N2 - The study of subnational and local government systems and reforms has become an increasingly salient topic in comparative public administration. In many European countries, policy implementation, the execution of public tasks and the delivery of services to citizens are largely carried out by local governments, which, at the same time, have been subjected to multiple reforms and sometimes comprehensive institutional re-organizations. This chapter discusses analytical key concepts and outcomes of the comparative study of local governments and local government reforms. It outlines frameworks and analytical tools to capture the variety of institutional settings and developments at the local level of government. It provides an introduction into crucial comparative dimensions, such as functional, territorial and political profiles of local governments, and analyses current reform approaches and outcomes based on recent empirical findings. Finally, the chapter addresses salient issues to be taken up in future comparative studies about local government. KW - comparative public administration KW - local government systems KW - digitalization KW - territorial reforms KW - decentralization KW - (post) new public management Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-80037-119-4 SN - 978-1-80037-120-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800371200.00033 SP - 313 EP - 329 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Goldfinch, Shaun F. T1 - From Weberian bureaucracy to digital government? BT - trajectories of administrative reform in Germany T2 - Handbook of public administration reform N2 - Over the past decades, the traditional profile of the German administrative system has significantly been reshaped and remoulded through reforms and transformations. Manifold modernization efforts have been undertaken to adjust administrative structures and procedures to increasing challenges and pressures. In this chapter, the attempt is made to outline major institutional reform paths in Germany from Weberian bureaucracy to most recent reforms towards a digital transformation of public administration. We will show to what extent the German administrative system has moved away from the classical Weberian bureaucracy to a hybrid system where elements of the ‘old’ model and new reform paradigms such as the NPM and digital government are hybridized, labelled the Neo Weberian State. The question will be addressed as to what extent this shift has taken shape and which hurdles and path-dependencies can be identified to explain partial persistence and continuity over time. KW - neo weberian state KW - digitalization KW - new public management KW - territorial reforms KW - intergovernmental reforms KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-80037-674-8 SN - 978-1-80037-673-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376748.00016 SP - 207 EP - 226 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Callanan, Mark ED - Loughlin, John T1 - Managerial reforms from a comparative perspective BT - european subnational governments in the post-new public management era T2 - A research agenda for regional and local government N2 - This chapter analyses managerial reforms at the subnational level of government from a comparative perspective and outlines possible routes for future comparative research. It examines reforms of the external relationships between local governments and private service providers, which were aimed at transforming the organizational macro-setting of local service provision, the task portfolio and functional profile of local governments. The chapter then moves to scrutinizing internal managerial reforms concerned with the modernization of organization and processes and the improvement of management capacities inside local administrations meant to strengthen performance, output- and consumer-orientation in local service delivery. The country sample includes the United Kingdom (England), Sweden, and Germany that represent three distinct types of administrative culture and local government in Europe. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-83910-663-7 SN - 978-1-83910-664-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839106644.00013 SP - 111 EP - 132 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogumil, Jörg A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Tanguy, Gildas ED - Eymeri-Douzans, Jean-Michel T1 - Territorial administration in Germany BT - institutional variants, reforms, and actors at the meso-level of government T2 - Prefects, governors and commissioners : territorial representatives of the state in Europe N2 - This chapter outlines the organization and allocation of functions at the meso-level of government in Germany (states/Länder administrations). Furthermore, we shed light on the carriers and qualification profiles of the top bureaucrats in meso-level administrations. These high-rank territorial administrators/executives—state appointed heads of administrative districts (Regierungspräsidenten) on the one hand, elected heads of county administrations (Landräte) on the other hand—can be regarded as the German ‘equivalents’ of the prefects in countries with a Napoleonic administrative tradition. Finally, we analyse major reforms that have led to (at times, profound) transformations in territorial administrations, raising the question of to what extent alternative models of territorial bundling and coordination functions are sound and sustainable. KW - Germany KW - territorial administration KW - meso-level of government KW - institutional change Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-59395-7 SN - 978-3-030-59396-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59396-4_15 SP - 327 EP - 352 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogumil, Jörg A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Ladner, Andreas ED - Sager, Fritz T1 - The politics of administrative reforms T2 - Handbook on the politics of public administration N2 - Administrative reforms refer to conscious decisions about institution building and institutional change that are taken at the end of political processes and can be conceived as the attempt by politico-administrative actors to change the institutional order (polity) within which they make and implement decisions. In this paper we proceed from the assumption that the role of politics, the constellation of political actors and arenas vary according to the scope and objectives of administrative reforms. Depending on whether they refer to changes between organizational units/levels/sectors ('external institutional policy') or to an internal reorganization ('internal institutional policy'), different actor strategies, patterns of conflict and power constellations can be expected. As external administrative reforms are aimed at changing functional and/or territorial jurisdictions and thus always involve external actors, larger resistance, heavier political conflicts and generally more politicization are likely to occur than in the case of internal administrative reforms. Yet, for internal reforms, too, actor coalitions which support or block institutional changes, promotors, leaders, and moderators have revealed to shape processes and outcomes. Against this background, this chapter examines the influence of politics on various types of administrative reforms making a distinction between external and internal institutional policies. We analyse the role of politico-administrative actors, their strategies and influence on the formulation, trajectories and outcomes of administrative reforms. Our major focus will be on reforms in the multi-level system on the one hand and on (Post-) NPM reforms on the other as two major international trends. Drawing on reform experiences in different European countries, the chapter will reveal to what extent actors' interests and influences have triggered and shaped administrative reforms and which difference these have made for the reform outcome. KW - administrative reforms KW - institutional policy KW - actor constellations KW - micro-politics KW - managerial reforms KW - territorial reforms Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-83910-943-0 SN - 978-1-83910-944-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109447.00018 SP - 125 EP - 137 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gentry, Gerad T1 - Hegel’s logic of purposiveness T2 - Kantian legacies in German idealism N2 - I argue that Hegel’s Logic traces an emergent-purposive, logical method that entails two key identities in reason. These identities are (1) between a logic of freedom and necessity, and (2) between the possibilities of a priori and a posteriori reasoning in a purposive method. The purposive method of the Logic is the basis for these identities and, in Hegel’s view, facilitates the transition from Kant’s transcendental idealism to absolute idealism. I suggest that this method is Hegel’s attempt to rework a critique of philosophy according to Kant’s insight about the principle grounding the formal purposiveness of the faculties, what Hegel calls, “one of Kant’s greatest services to philosophy.” Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-032-00160-9 SN - 978-1-138-36736-4 SN - 978-0-429-42982-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429429828 SP - 36 EP - 70 PB - Routledge CY - New York ; London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gentry, Gerad T1 - Introduction BT - the legacies of Kant in German Idealism T2 - Kantian legacies in German Idealism N2 - Kant wrote in the Critique of Pure Reason, “For the law of reason to seek unity is necessary, since without it we would have no reason, and without that, no coherent use of the understanding, and, lacking that, no sufficient mark of empirical truth.” This unity of reason, taken as a holistic condition, was central to the convictions of the idealists. To them, Kant layed bare the right path forward, but also fundamental failings in his execution of a critique of reason which needed to be overcome in order for reason to secure its own, internal end. In this chapter, I discuss key themes in the positive inheritance of Kant’s thought in classical German philosophy and offer an overview of the arguments and significances of each contribution to this volume. The aim is not to minimize important differences between Kant and post-Kantian Idealists, but rather to emphasize core retentions of Kant’s thought. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-42942-982-8 SN - 978-1-032-00160-9 SN - 978-1-138-36736-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429429828 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kritikos, Alexander ED - Zimmermann, Klaus F. T1 - Personality and entrepreneurship T2 - Handbook of labor, human resources and population economics N2 - Does personality matter? Is an individual who is open to experience more or less likely to become an entrepreneur? Is it better to score low or high in agreeableness for surviving as an entrepreneur? To the extent that personality captures one part of entrepreneurial abilities, which are usually unobservable, the analysis of traits and personality characteristics helps better understanding such abilities. This chapter reviews research on the relationship between personality and entrepreneurship since 2000 and shows that possessing certain personality characteristics will make it more likely that an individual will start an own business and hire staff. More specifically, with respect to the entry decision, research finds that nearly all so-called Big Five factors as well as several specific personality characteristics influence the entry probability into entrepreneurship. Further, entrepreneurs are more likely to hire, the higher they score in risk tolerance, trust, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. However, different factors such as low scores in agreeableness, the only Big Factor that does not affect entrepreneurial entry, influence entrepreneurial survival. And for some of characteristics that influence entrepreneurial entry, like high scores in the factor openness for experience or in risk tolerance, “revolving door effects” are found, explaining why some entrepreneurs subsequently exit again the market. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-319-57365-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_305-1 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leonardis, Irene ED - Dinter, Martin T. ED - Guérin, Charles T1 - Varro and the re-foundation of Roman cultural memory through genealogy and humanitas T2 - Cultural memory in republican and Augustan Rome N2 - In the last two centuries BC, with the Republic limping towards its end, the cultivated ruling elite began to lose its moral and political authority.1 Its members not only held themselves responsible for the so-called crisis of tradition, but at the same time also conveyed the impression of a loss of memory, as if all Romans were suffering from some kind of amnesia or identity crisis.2 In particular, institutional figures such as pontiffs and augurs, who had preserved Rome’s memory throughout its history, were accused of neglecting their duties and, by extension, of allowing ancient practices and values to slowly disappear.3 Accordingly, Cicero and Varro, both perfect representatives of this elite, employed recurrent terms such as neglect (neglegentia/neglegere), involuntary abandon (amittere), oblivion (oblivio), vanishing of institutions (evanescere), and ignorance (ignoratio/ignorare) to describe this critical loss of information; they depicted the citizenry of Rome (civitas) as disoriented and estranged, incapable of sharing any common knowledge or values. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-009-32775-6 SN - 978-1-009-32774-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009327749.006 SP - 97 EP - 114 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Reis, Arsénio ED - Barroso, João ED - Lopes, J. Bernardino ED - Mikropoulos, Tassos ED - Fan, Chih-Wen T1 - Yes, we can (?) BT - a critical review of the COVID-19 semester T2 - Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings N2 - The COVID-19 crisis has caused an extreme situation for higher education institutions around the world, where exclusively virtual teaching and learning has become obligatory rather than an additional supporting feature. This has created opportunities to explore the potential and limitations of virtual learning formats. This paper presents four theses on virtual classroom teaching and learning that are discussed critically. We use existing theoretical insights extended by empirical evidence from a survey of more than 850 students on acceptance, expectations, and attitudes regarding the positive and negative aspects of virtual teaching. The survey responses were gathered from students at different universities during the first completely digital semester (Spring-Summer 2020) in Germany. We discuss similarities and differences between the subjects being studied and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teaching and learning. Against the background of existing theory and the gathered data, we emphasize the importance of social interaction, the combination of different learning formats, and thus context-sensitive hybrid learning as the learning form of the future. KW - COVID-19 KW - higher education KW - virtual learning KW - digital learning KW - subject differences Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-73987-4 SN - 978-3-030-73988-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73988-1_17 SP - 225 EP - 235 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Bedurke, Florian A1 - Heide, Chiara A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Klinkusch, Stefan A1 - Krause, Pascal A1 - Nest, Mathias A1 - Tremblay, Jean Christophe ED - Ruud, Kenneth ED - Brändas, Erkki J. T1 - Molecular attochemistry: correlated electron dynamics driven by light T2 - Advances in quantum chemistry N2 - Modern laser technology and ultrafast spectroscopies have pushed the timescales for detecting and manipulating dynamical processes in molecules from the picosecond over femtosecond domains, to the attosecond regime (1 as = 10(-18) s). This way, real-time dynamics of electrons after their photoexcitation can be probed and manipulated. In particular, experiments are moving more and more from atomic and solid state systems to molecules, opening the fields of "molecular electron dynamics" and "attosecond chemistry." Also on the theory side, powerful quantum dynamical tools have been developed to rationalize experiments on ultrafast electron dynamics in molecular species.
In this contribution, we concentrate on theoretical aspects of ultrafast electron dynamics in molecules, mostly driven by lasers. The dynamics will be described with the help of wavefunction-based ab initio methods such as time-dependent configuration interaction (TD-CI) or the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) methods. Besides a survey of the methods and their extensions toward, e.g., treatment of ionization, laser pulse optimization, and open quantum systems, two specific examples of applications will be considered: The creation and/or dynamical fate of electronic wavepackets, and the nonlinear optical response to laser pulse excitation in molecules by high harmonic generation (HHG). KW - dipole approximation KW - electron dynamics KW - electronic wavepackets KW - high harmonic generation KW - ionization KW - optimal control theory KW - time-dependent Schrödinger equation Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-12-819757-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiq.2020.03.001 SN - 0065-3276 VL - 81 SP - 15 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - Self-knowledge and knowledge of nature T2 - Reading Rödl : On Self-Consciousness and Objectivity N2 - In this chapter, I consider the unity of self-consciousness and objectivity. Starting from the notion that the objective character and the self-conscious character of thought seem in tension, I discuss Sebastian Rödl’s Self-Consciousness and Objectivity and his thesis that this tension is merely apparent. This resolution suggests an immediate route to absolute idealism. I recall two Hegelian objections against such an immediate route. Against this background, it transpires that the dissolution of the apparent opposition of objectivity and self-consciousness can only be a preliminary step, opening our eyes to an actual opposition animating the pursuit of knowledge: the opposition of knowledge of nature and self-knowledge. This actual opposition cannot be removed as merely apparent and instead has to be sublated through articulation of its speculative unity. I consider two paradigms for the exposition of such a speculative unity: Kant’s account of judgments of beauty, and Hegel’s account of the speculative unity of life and self-consciousness. I close by contrasting these two approaches with Rödl’s characterization, which strikes me as one-sided. Absolute idealism, properly understood, requires us to develop the speculative unity of knowledge of nature and self-knowledge from both sides, showing us that knowledge of nature is self-knowledge, but equally: that self-knowledge requires knowledge of ourselves as nature. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-03-234951-0 SN - 978-1-00-095669-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003324638 SP - 195 EP - 223 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Milton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Managing human and artificial knowledge bearers BT - the creation of a symbiotic knowledge management approach T2 - Business modeling and software design : 10th International Symposium, BMSD 2020, Berlin, Germany, July 6-8, 2020, Proceedings N2 - As part of the digitization, the role of artificial systems as new actors in knowledge-intensive processes requires to recognize them as a new form of knowledge bearers side by side with traditional knowledge bearers, such as individuals, groups, organizations. By now, artificial intelligence (AI) methods were used in knowledge management (KM) for knowledge discovery, for the reinterpreting of information, and recent works focus on the studying of different AI technologies implementation for knowledge management, like big data, ontology-based methods and intelligent agents [1]. However, a lack of holistic management approach is present, that considers artificial systems as knowledge bearers. The paper therefore designs a new kind of KM approach, that integrates the technical level of knowledge and manifests as Neuronal KM (NKM). Superimposing traditional KM approaches with the NKM, the Symbiotic Knowledge Management (SKM) is conceptualized furthermore, so that human as well as artificial kinds of knowledge bearers can be managed as symbiosis. First use cases demonstrate the new KM, NKM and SKM approaches in a proof-of-concept and exemplify their differences. KW - knowledge management KW - artificial intelligence KW - neuronal systems KW - design of knowledge-driven systems KW - symbiotic system design Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-52305-3 SN - 978-3-030-52306-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_12 SP - 182 EP - 201 PB - Springer International Publishing AG CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Heine, Moreen ED - Kö, Andrea ED - Francesconi, Enrico ED - Kotsis, Gabriele ED - Tjoa, A. Min ED - Khalil, Ismail T1 - Government as a platform? BT - constitutive elements of public service platforms T2 - Electronic government and the information systems perspective N2 - Digital platforms, by their design, allow the coordination of multiple entities to achieve a common goal. Motivated by the success of platforms in the private sector, they increasingly receive attention in the public sector. However, different understandings of the platform concept prevail. To guide the development and further research a coherent understanding is required. To address this gap, we identify the constitutive elements of platforms in the public sector. Moreover, their potential to coordinate partially autonomous entities as typical for federal organized states is highlighted. This study contributes through a uniform understanding of public service platforms. Despite constitutive elements, the proposed framework for platforms in the public sector may guide future analysis. The analysis framework is applied to platforms of federal states in the European Union. KW - public service platforms KW - digital platforms KW - government as a platform KW - public sector KW - platform economy KW - federal states Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-86610-5 SN - 978-3-030-86611-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2_1 SP - 3 EP - 20 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Bender, Benedict ED - Marrella, Andrea ED - Weber, Barbara T1 - Expanding modeling notations BT - requirements for creative process modeling T2 - Business process management workshops N2 - Creativity is a common aspect of business processes and thus needs a proper representation through process modeling notations. However, creative processes constitute highly flexible process elements, as new and unforeseeable outcome is developed. This presents a challenge for modeling languages. Current methods representing creative-intensive work are rather less able to capture creative specifics which are relevant to successfully run and manage these processes. We outline the concept of creative-intensive processes and present an example from a game design process in order to derive critical process aspects relevant for its modeling. Six aspects are detected, with first and foremost: process flexibility, as well as temporal uncertainty, experience, types of creative problems, phases of the creative process and individual criteria. By first analyzing what aspects of creative work modeling notations already cover, we further discuss which modeling extensions need to be developed to better represent creativity within business processes. We argue that a proper representation of creative work would not just improve the management of those processes, but can further enable process actors to more efficiently run these creative processes and adjust them to better fit to the creative needs. KW - modeling KW - requirements KW - pockets of creativity KW - creative process Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-94342-4 SN - 978-3-030-94344-8 SN - 978-3-030-94343-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94343-1_15 VL - 436 SP - 197 EP - 208 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rojahn, Marcel A1 - Ambros, Maximilian A1 - Biru, Tibebu A1 - Krallmann, Hermann A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Grum, Marcus ED - Rutkowski, Leszek ED - Scherer, Rafał ED - Korytkowski, Marcin ED - Pedrycz, Witold ED - Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard ED - Zurada, Jacek M. T1 - Adequate basis for the data-driven and machine-learning-based identification T2 - Artificial intelligence and soft computing N2 - Process mining (PM) has established itself in recent years as a main method for visualizing and analyzing processes. However, the identification of knowledge has not been addressed adequately because PM aims solely at data-driven discovering, monitoring, and improving real-world processes from event logs available in various information systems. The following paper, therefore, outlines a novel systematic analysis view on tools for data-driven and machine learning (ML)-based identification of knowledge-intensive target processes. To support the effectiveness of the identification process, the main contributions of this study are (1) to design a procedure for a systematic review and analysis for the selection of relevant dimensions, (2) to identify different categories of dimensions as evaluation metrics to select source systems, algorithms, and tools for PM and ML as well as include them in a multi-dimensional grid box model, (3) to select and assess the most relevant dimensions of the model, (4) to identify and assess source systems, algorithms, and tools in order to find evidence for the selected dimensions, and (5) to assess the relevance and applicability of the conceptualization and design procedure for tool selection in data-driven and ML-based process mining research. KW - data mining KW - knowledge engineering KW - various applications Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-42504-2 SN - 978-3-031-42505-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42505-9_48 SP - 570 EP - 588 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wulff, Markus A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Mahto, Raj V. ED - Kraus, Sascha ED - Clauß, Thomas ED - Kallmuenzer, Andreas T1 - Mapping the intellectual structure of family firm research and proposing a research agenda T2 - Research handbook on entrepreneurship and innovation in family firms N2 - In this chapter, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and a co-citation analysis on all articles relating to family firms indexed in Scopus and Web of Science and all articles published in the Family Business Review, Journal of Family Business Management, and the Journal of Family Business Strategy. Based on the literature sample of 4,056 articles published between 1960 and 2020 by 3,600 authors in 783 journals and their 175,163 references, we identify the most productive and most cited journals, the most cited authors, and the 25 most cited articles. Our science mapping reveals the agency theory, definitions, entrepreneurship, internationalization, ownership, resources, socioemotional wealth, and succession as the predominant research themes in family firm research. Whereas entrepreneurship explicitly appears in one of the clusters, innovation does not yet. Based on our findings, we propose a research framework and point to several research gaps to be addressed by future research. KW - bibliometric analysis KW - family firms KW - research agenda Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-80088-923-1 SN - 978-1-80088-924-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800889248.00007 SP - 14 EP - 37 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Adaptable knowledge-driven information systems improving knowledge transfers BT - design of context-sensitive, AR-enabled furniture assemblies T2 - Business modeling and software design : 10th International Symposium, BMSD 2020, Berlin, Germany, July 6-8, 2020, Proceedings N2 - A growing number of business processes can be characterized as knowledge-intensive. The ability to speed up the transfer of knowledge between any kind of knowledge carriers in business processes with AR techniques can lead to a huge competitive advantage, for instance in manufacturing. This includes the transfer of person-bound knowledge as well as externalized knowledge of physical and virtual objects. The contribution builds on a time-dependent knowledge transfer model and conceptualizes an adaptable, AR-based application. Having the intention to accelerate the speed of knowledge transfers between a manufacturer and an information system, empirical results of an experimentation show the validity of this approach. For the first time, it will be possible to discover how to improve the transfer among knowledge carriers of an organization with knowledge-driven information systems (KDIS). Within an experiment setting, the paper shows how to improve the quantitative effects regarding the quality and amount of time needed for an example manufacturing process realization by an adaptable KDIS. KW - augmented reality KW - knowledge transfers KW - empirical studies KW - context-aware computing KW - adaptable software systems KW - business process improvement Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-52305-3 SN - 978-3-030-52306-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_13 VL - 391 SP - 202 EP - 220 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Siegel, John A1 - Proeller, Isabella ED - Schedler, Kuno T1 - Strategic management in public administration T2 - Elgar encyclopedia of public management N2 - Strategic management is the deliberate engagement of an administration with the challenges of fulfilling its mission and ensuring and improving its ability to act by clarifying measures of success, an understanding of how to influence patterns of action, and organiza-tional learning. In this respect, it is not just about planning, but about an understanding of the emerging strategies of the administration in fulfilling its tasks and the use of opportunities for performance improvement, taking into account stakeholder expectations, resource base and organizational capabilities. KW - strategy KW - performance KW - leadership KW - change KW - digitalization Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80037-548-2 SN - 978-1-80037-549-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800375499.strategic SP - 302 EP - 306 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Proeller, Isabella A1 - Siegel, John ED - Schedler, Kuno T1 - 'Tools' in public management BT - how efficiency and effectiveness are thought to be controlled T2 - Elgar encyclopedia of public management N2 - Tools are methods or procedures, and thus operational patterns of action, applied in public administrations to solve standard problems. It is also possible to consider them as structured communication according to professional standards aiming at complexity reduction. Regularly, tools in management stem on a deductive-synoptic rationale offering a seemingly ‘objective’ decision basis. They have a strong formative influence on the organization, regularly also beyond the intended effects. The prominence of tools is sometimes confused with management as such, e.g. introducing tools is mistaken as equivalent to managing for a particular purpose. However, tools have to be closely and carefully managed regarding the objectives and purposes they should serve. KW - cost cutting KW - instruments KW - methods KW - tools KW - zero-based budgeting Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80037-548-2 SN - 978-1-80037-549-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800375499.tools SP - 186 EP - 190 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Kotarski, David A1 - Ambros, Maximilian A1 - Biru, Tibebu A1 - Krallmann, Hermann A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Managing knowledge of intelligent systems BT - the design of a chatbot using domain-specific knowledge T2 - Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5–7, 2021, Proceedings N2 - Since more and more business tasks are enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques, the number of knowledge-intensive tasks increase as trivial tasks can be automated and non-trivial tasks demand human-machine interactions. With this, challenges regarding the management of knowledge workers and machines rise [9]. Furthermore, knowledge workers experience time pressure, which can lead to a decrease in output quality. Artificial Intelligence-based systems (AIS) have the potential to assist human workers in knowledge-intensive work. By providing a domain-specific language, contextual and situational awareness as well as their process embedding can be specified, which enables the management of human and AIS to ease knowledge transfer in a way that process time, cost and quality are improved significantly. This contribution outlines a framework to designing these systems and accounts for their implementation. KW - domain-specific language KW - morphologic box KW - explainability Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-79975-5 SN - 978-3-030-79976-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_5 VL - 422 SP - 78 EP - 96 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Errors in the process of modeling business processes T2 - Business modeling and software design : 12th International Symposium, BMSD 2022, Fribourg, Switzerland, June 27–29, 2022, proceedings N2 - Process models are the basic ingredient for many attempts to improve business processes. The graphical depiction of otherwise not observable behavior in an enterprise is one of the most important techniques in the digital society. They help to enable decision making in the design of processes and workflows. Nevertheless it is not easy to correctly model business processes. Some approaches try to detect errors by an automated analysis of the process model. This contribution focuses on the creation of the first model from scratch. Which errors occur most frequently and how can these be avoided? KW - business process modeling KW - errors in modeling KW - process of modeling Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-11509-7 SN - 978-3-031-11510-3 SN - 978-3-031-11511-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11510-3_13 VL - 453 SP - 221 EP - 229 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Quantification of knowledge transfers BT - the design of an experiment setting for the examination of knowledge transfers T2 - Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5–7, 2021, Proceedings N2 - Faced with the triad of time-cost-quality, the realization of knowledge-intensive tasks at economic conditions is not trivial. Since the number of knowledge-intensive processes is increasing more and more nowadays, the efficient design of knowledge transfers at business processes as well as the target-oriented improvement of them is essential, so that process outcomes satisfy high quality criteria and economic requirements. This particularly challenges knowledge management, aiming for the assignment of ideal manifestations of influence factors on knowledge transfers to a certain task. Faced with first attempts of knowledge transfer-based process improvements [1], this paper continues research about the quantitative examination of knowledge transfers and presents a ready-to-go experiment design that is able to examine quality of knowledge transfers empirically and is suitable to examine knowledge transfers on a quantitative level. Its use is proven by the example of four influence factors, which namely are stickiness, complexity, competence and time pressure. KW - knowledge management KW - knowledge transfer KW - conversion KW - empirical examination KW - experiment Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-79975-5 SN - 978-3-030-79976-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_13 VL - 422 SP - 224 EP - 242 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Modeling the handling of knowledge for Industry 4.0 T2 - Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5–7, 2021, Proceedings N2 - Industry 4.0, i.e. the connection of cyber-physical systems via the Internet in production and logistics, leads to considerable changes in the socio-technical system of the factory. The effects range from a considerable need for further training, which is exacerbated by the current shortage of skilled workers, to an opening of the previously inaccessible boundaries of the factory to third-party access, an increasing merging of office IT and manufacturing IT, and a new understanding of what machines can do with their data. This results in new requirements for the modeling, analysis and design of information processing and performance mapping business processes. In the past, procedures were developed under the name of “process-oriented knowledge management” with which the exchange and use of knowledge in business processes could be represented, analyzed and improved. However, these approaches were limited to the office environment. A method that makes it possible to document, analyze and jointly optimize the new possibilities of knowledge processing by using artificial intelligence and machine learning in production and logistics in the same way and in a manner compatible with the approach in the office environment does not exist so far. The extension of the modeling language KMDL, which is described in this paper, will contribute to close this research gap. This paper describes first approaches for an analysis and design method for a knowledge management integrating man and machine in the age of Industry 4.0. KW - 4th industrial revolution KW - knowledge management KW - business process management Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-79975-5 SN - 978-3-030-79976-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_12 VL - 422 SP - 207 EP - 223 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Weber, Edzard A1 - Wander, Paul A1 - Ullrich, André ED - Plapper, Peter T1 - A regional remanufacturing network approach BT - modeling and simulation of circular economy processes in the era of industry 4.0 T2 - Digitization of the work environment for sustainable production N2 - Manufacturing companies still have relatively few points of contact with the circular economy. Especially, extending life time of whole products or parts via remanufacturing is an promising approach to reduce waste. However, necessary cost-efficient assessment of the condition of the individual parts is challenging and assessment procedures are technically complex (e.g., scanning and testing procedures). Furthermore, these assessment procedures are usually only available after the disassembly process has been completed. This is where conceptualization, data acquisition and simulation of remanufacturing processes can help. One major constraining aspect of remanufacturing is reducing logistic efforts, since these also have negative external effects on the environment. Thus regionalization is an additional but in the end consequential challenge for remanufacturing. This article aims to fill a gap by providing an regional remanufacturing approach, in particular the design of local remanufacturing chains. Thereby, further focus lies on modeling and simulating alternative courses of action, including feasibility study and eco-nomic assessment. KW - regional network KW - remanufacturing KW - scenario modeling Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-95545-407-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/WGAB_2022_8 SP - 145 EP - 170 PB - GITO Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Andersen, Ann-Louise ED - Andersen, Rasmus ED - Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev ED - Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning ED - Nielsen, Kjeld ED - Napoleone, Alessia ED - Kjeldgaard, Stefan T1 - Aiming for knowledge-transfer-optimizing intelligent cyber-physical systems T2 - Towards sustainable customization : cridging smart products and manufacturing systems N2 - Since more and more production tasks are enabled by Industry 4.0 techniques, the number of knowledge-intensive production tasks increases as trivial tasks can be automated and only non-trivial tasks demand human-machine interactions. With this, challenges regarding the competence of production workers, the complexity of tasks and stickiness of required knowledge occur [1]. Furthermore, workers experience time pressure which can lead to a decrease in output quality. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have the potential to assist workers in knowledge-intensive work grounded on quantitative insights about knowledge transfer activities [2]. By providing contextual and situational awareness as well as complex classification and selection algorithms, CPS are able to ease knowledge transfer in a way that production time and quality is improved significantly. CPS have only been used for direct production and process optimization, knowledge transfers have only been regarded in assistance systems with little contextual awareness. Embedding production and knowledge transfer optimization thus show potential for further improvements. This contribution outlines the requirements and a framework to design these systems. It accounts for the relevant factors. KW - smart automation KW - smart production KW - human-machine-interaction Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-90699-3 SN - 978-3-030-90700-6 SN - 978-3-030-90702-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_16 SP - 149 EP - 157 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langemeyer, Ines A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Schmid-Walz, Sabrina A1 - Kotarski, David A1 - Reimann, Daniela A1 - Teichmann, Malte T1 - From employee to expert BT - towards a corona-sensitive approach for data collection T2 - 2021 Crossing Boundaries Muttenz/Basel and Bern : 4th International VET Conference Crossing Boundaries 8 to 9 April 2021, online, Muttenz and Bern, Switzerland N2 - In the context of the collaborative project Ageing-appropriate, process-oriented and interactive further training in SME (API-KMU), innovative solutions for the challenges of demographic change and digitalisation are being developed for SMEs. To this end, an approach to age-appropriate training will be designed with the help of AR technology. In times of the corona pandemic, a special research design is necessary for the initial survey of the current state in the companies, which will be systematically elaborated in this paper. The results of the previous methodological considerations illustrate the necessity of a mix of methods to generate a deeper insight into the work processes. Video-based retrospective interviews seem to be a suitable instrument to adequately capture the employees' interpretative perspectives on their work activities. In conclusion, the paper identifies specific challenges, such as creating acceptance among employees, open questions, e.g., how a transfer or generalization of the results can succeed, and hypotheses that will have to be tested in the further course of the research process. KW - cross self-confrontation KW - recording of workplaces KW - corona-sensitive data collection KW - age-appropriate vocational training KW - augmented reality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590196 SP - 226 EP - 231 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Teichmann, Malte A1 - Weber, Edzard ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Serious game-based haptic modeling BT - an application-oriented approach for sequentially developing new business models from tacit knowledge T2 - Business modeling and software design N2 - The authors propose that while tacit knowledge is a valuable resource for developing new business models, its externalization presents several challenges. One major challenge is that individuals often don’t recognize their tacit knowledge resources, while another is the reluctance to share one’s knowledge with others. Addressing these challenges, the authors present an application-oriented serious game-based haptic modeling approach for externalize tacit knowledge, which can be used to develop the first versions of business models based on tacit knowledge. Both conceptual and practical design fundamentals are presented based on elaborated theoretical approaches, which were developed with the help of a design science approach. The development of the research process is presented step by step, whereby we focused on the high accessibility of the presented research. Practitioners are presented with guidelines for implementing their serious game projects. Scientists benefit from starting points for their research topics of externalization, internalization, and socialization of tacit knowledge, development of business models, and serious games or gamification. The paper concludes with open research desiderata and questions from the presented research process. KW - serious game KW - tacit knowledge KW - business model KW - SECI-model KW - conversion sequences KW - design science Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-36756-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36757-1_3 SP - 32 EP - 55 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Kluge, Annette ED - Shishkov, Boris T1 - Modeling change in business processes T2 - Business modeling and software design N2 - Business processes are regularly modified either to capture requirements from the organization’s environment or due to internal optimization and restructuring. Implementing the changes into the individual work routines is aided by change management tools. These tools aim at the acceptance of the process by and empowerment of the process executor. They cover a wide range of general factors and seldom accurately address the changes in task execution and sequence. Furthermore, change is only framed as a learning activity, while most obstacles to change arise from the inability to unlearn or forget behavioural patterns one is acquainted with. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and demonstrate a notation to capture changes in business processes and identify elements that are likely to present obstacles during change. It connects existing research from changes in work routines and psychological insights from unlearning and intentional forgetting to the BPM domain. The results contribute to more transparency in business process models regarding knowledge changes. They provide better means to understand the dynamics and barriers of change processes. KW - intentional forgetting KW - routines KW - business processes KW - unlearning Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-36756-4 SN - 978-3-031-36757-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36757-1_1 SP - 3 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gonnermann, Jana A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Bui, Tung X. T1 - To what extent can individualisation in terms of different types of mode improve learning outcomes and learner satisfaction? BT - a pre-study T2 - Proceedings of the 56th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences January 3-6, 2023 N2 - With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner’s prior- knowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments. KW - advances in teaching and learning technologies KW - digital learning KW - digital teaching KW - experimental design KW - personalised learning KW - teaching and learning model Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-9981331-6-4 SP - 123 EP - 132 PB - Department of IT Management Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii CY - Honolulu, HI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Roling, Wiebke A1 - Kluge, Annette A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Andersen, Ann-Louise ED - Andersen, Rasmus ED - Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev ED - Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning ED - Nielsen, Kjeld ED - Napoleone, Alessia ED - Kjeldgaard, Stefan T1 - A concept for a distributed Interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS T2 - Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems N2 - As AI technology is increasingly used in production systems, different approaches have emerged from highly decentralized small-scale AI at the edge level to centralized, cloud-based services used for higher-order optimizations. Each direction has disadvantages ranging from the lack of computational power at the edge level to the reliance on stable network connections with the centralized approach. Thus, a hybrid approach with centralized and decentralized components that possess specific abilities and interact is preferred. However, the distribution of AI capabilities leads to problems in self-adapting learning systems, as knowledgebases can diverge when no central coordination is present. Edge components will specialize in distinctive patterns (overlearn), which hampers their adaptability for different cases. Therefore, this paper aims to present a concept for a distributed interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS. The approach is based on various AI components and concepts for each participating node. A service-oriented infrastructure allows a decentralized, loosely coupled architecture of the CPPS. By exchanging knowledge bases between nodes, the overall system should become more adaptive, as each node can “forget” their present specialization. KW - learning KW - distributed knowledge base KW - artificial intelligence KW - CPPS Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-90699-3 SN - 978-3-030-90702-0 SN - 978-3-030-90700-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_35 SP - 314 EP - 321 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Panetto, Hervé ED - Madani, Kurosh ED - Smirnov, Alexander T1 - Time to change BT - considering the 4th Industrial Revolution from three sustainability perspectives T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Intelligent Industrial Production and Logistics N2 - Industry 4.0 leads to a radical change that is progressing incrementally. The new information and communication technologies provide many conceivable opportunities for their application in the context of sustainable corporate management. The combination of new digital technologies with the ecological and social goals of companies offers a multitude of unimagined potentials and challenges. Although companies already see the need for action, there was in the past and currently still is a lack of concrete measures that lever the potential of Industry 4.0 for sustainability management. During the course of this position paper we develop six theses (two from each sustainability perspective) against the background of the current situation in research and practice, and policy. KW - industry 4.0 KW - sustainability KW - triple bottom line Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-989-758-476-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0010148601090116 SP - 109 EP - 116 PB - SciTePress CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lederer, Markus A1 - Höhne, Chris A1 - Stehle, Fee A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Fuhr, Harald ED - Wurzel, Rüdiger K. W. ED - Andersen, Mikael Skou ED - Tobin, Paul T1 - Multilevel climate governance in Brazil and Indonesia BT - domestic pioneership and leadership in the Global South T2 - Climate governance across the globe : Pioneers, leaders and followers N2 - Focusing on forest policy and urban climate politics in Brazil and Indonesia, the primary objective of this chapter is to identify domestic pioneers and leaders who, compared to other sectors, governmental levels or jurisdictions within the same nation-state, move ‘ahead of the troops’ (Liefferink and Wurzel, 2017: 2-3). The chapter focuses especially on the role of multilevel governance in bringing about pioneership and leadership and on the different types of that have emerged. It also explores whether and, if so, to what extent domestic pioneers and leaders attract followers and whether there are signs of sustained domestic leadership. The chapter identifies the actors that constitute pioneers and leaders and assesses the processes which lead to their emergence. The chapter authors take up Wurzel et al.’s (2019) call to open up the black box of the nation-state. But instead of stressing the role of non-state actors, the chapter authors focus on vertical interactions among different governmental levels within nation states. The main argument put forward is that international and transnational processes, incentives, and ideas often trigger the development of domestic pioneership and leadership. Such processes, however, cannot be understood properly if domestic politics and dynamics across governmental levels within the nation-state are not taken into account. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-003-01424-9 SN - 978-0-367-65047-6 SN - 978-0-367-43436-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003014249 SP - 101 EP - 119 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaya, Gizem A1 - Kopshteyn, Georgy ED - Kubbe, Ina ED - Varraich, Aiysha T1 - Dispersing the fog BT - a philosophical analysis of institutional corruption applied to the MENA region T2 - Corruption and informal practices in the Middle East and North Africa N2 - Countries in the Middle East generally fare poorly in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index. One of the biggest challenges for the anti-corruption-regime in the Middle East are the many forms of corruption that are not being recognised as such on the local level, if assessed against a culturally relativistic benchmark. Our paper seeks to establish a unifying ground by providing a functional analysis of corruption which is both, normatively guiding and culturally sensitive. We demarcate our work as follows: (1) our reference point will be the phenomenon of institutional corruption, whereas (2) our working definition of corruption will conceive of corruption as a violation of role-specific norms that is motivated by the role-occupier’s private motives. In an attempt to offer a comprehensive approach, corruption will be viewed on two differing levels. On the external level, we will begin with an investigation of features within a norm-order that typically instantiate corruption. We will argue that corruption is externally conditioned by an authority’s inability to enforce and (re)establish the norms of conduct that ought to be action-guiding in office. This changes the expectation-structure within a norm-order and erodes public trust in the authorities, giving rise to willing perpetrators. Complementing this, the internal level of our framework will emphasize the motivational deficits of corrupt acts. It will be argued that this deficit can typically be found in societies that lack civic virtues. This, we suspect, is the functional reason why corrupt societies have such a hard time to overcome the problem: they lack both features and are, as a consequence, caught in a vicious circle as they struggle to strengthen civil society and consolidate institutional structures – whereas corruption increasingly disappears from the radar as it becomes accepted reality. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-367-82285-9 SN - 978-0-367-42226-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367822859-2 SP - 23 EP - 42 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiß, Norman A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Weiß, Norman T1 - Remarks on the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law T2 - Human rights and international humanitarian law : challenges ahead N2 - Back in 1949, and thus only one year after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the four Geneva Conventions were adopted, providing a strong signal for a new world order created after 1945 with the United Nations at their centre and combining as their goals both the maintenance of peace and security and the protection of human rights, but also recognising, realistically, that succeeding generations had so far not yet been saved from the scourge of war. Hence, the continued need for rules governing, and limiting, the means and methods of warfare once an armed conflict has erupted. At the same time, the international community has unfortunately not been able so far to fully safeguard individual human rights, its efforts to that effect and the continuous development of international human rights law over the years notwithstanding. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-83910-826-6 SN - 978-1-83910-827-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839108273.00006 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 124 Transitional provision T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 SP - 2905 EP - 2914 PB - Beck CY - München ET - Fourth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Freiburg-Braun, Elisa ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 8bis Crime of aggression T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406779268-686 SP - 686 EP - 726 PB - Beck CY - München ET - Fourth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Freiburg-Braun, Elisa ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 15ter Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral) T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406779268-927 SP - 927 EP - 932 PB - Beck CY - München ET - Fourth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 5 Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SP - 107 EP - 116 PB - Beck CY - München ET - Fourth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 15bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu) T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406779268-899 SP - 899 EP - 926 PB - Beck CY - München ET - Fourth ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Geiß, Robin ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xiii): Prohibited destruction T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 SP - 474 EP - 503 PB - Beck CY - München ET - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Geiß, Robin ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 8 Para. 2(b)(x): Prohibition of physical mutilation T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 SP - 419 EP - 436 PB - Beck CY - München ET - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Geiß, Robin ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 8 Paras. 2(c)–(f) and 3: War crimes committed in an armed conflict not of an international character T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 SP - 837 EP - 1048 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ET - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Geiß, Robin ED - Ambos, Kai T1 - Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xvi): Pillage T2 - Rome statute of the International Criminal Court Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-406-74384-9 SN - 978-3-406-77926-8 SN - 978-1-5099-4405-7 SN - 978-3-8487-7648-1 SP - 539 EP - 554 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ET - Fourth edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Volpe, Valentina ED - Peters, Anne ED - Battini, Stefano T1 - Would the world be a better place if one were to adopt a European approach to state immunity? BT - Or, "Soll am Europäischen Wesen die Staatenimmunität genesen"? T2 - Remedies against immunity? N2 - This chapter argues not only that there is no European Sonderweg (or ‘special way’) when it comes to the law of state immunity but that there ought not to be one. Debates within The Hague Conference on Private International Law in the late 1990s and those leading to the adoption of the 2002 UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States, as well as the development of the EU Brussels Regulation on Jurisdiction and Enforcement, as amended in 2015, all demonstrate that state immunity was not meant to be limited by such treaties but ‘safeguarded’. Likewise, there is no proof that regional European customary law limits state immunity when it comes to ius cogens violations, as Italy and (partly) Greece are the only European states denying state immunity in such cases while the European Court of Human Rights has, time and again, upheld a broad concept of state immunity. It therefore seems unlikely that in the foreseeable future a specific European customary law norm on state immunity will develop, especially given the lack of participation in such practice by those states most concerned by the matter, including Germany. This chapter considers the possible legal implications of the jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court for European military operations (if such operations went beyond peacekeeping). These implications would mainly depend on the question of attribution: if one where to assume that acts undertaken within the framework of military operations led by the EU were to be, at least also, attributable to the troop-contributing member states, the respective troop-contributing state would be entitled to enjoy state immunity exactly to the same degree as in any kind of unilateral military operations. Additionally, some possible perspectives beyond Sentenza 238/2014 are examined, in particular concerning the redress awarded by domestic courts ‘as long as’ neither the German nor the international system grant equivalent protection to the victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during World War II. In the author’s opinion, strengthening the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals, bringing interstate cases for damages before the International Court of Justice, as well as providing for claims commissions where individual compensation might be sought for violations of international humanitarian law would be more useful and appropriate mechanisms than denying state immunity. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-662-62303-9 SN - 978-3-662-62304-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_12 VL - 297 SP - 219 EP - 233 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Jeßberger, Florian ED - Burghardt, Boris ED - Vormbaum, Moritz T1 - The International Criminal Court’s decision on jurisdiction concerning Palestine and the future of the ICC T2 - Strafrecht und Systemunrecht : Festschrift für Gerhard Werle zum 70. Geburtstag Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-16-161046-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-161046-2 SP - 451 EP - 460 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - van Bernum, Anja ED - Rohlfing-Dijoux, Stephanie ED - Hellmann, Uwe T1 - When does life end? T1 - Wann endet das Leben? BT - the moment of death in criminal law BT - der Todeszeitpunkt im Strafrecht T2 - Perspectives of law and culture on the end-of-life legislations in France, Germany, India, Italy and United Kingdom N2 - If you look at the question of the end-of-life legislation, one – or rather THE basic question – is particularly interesting: What is the "end of life"? What is death? Ofcourse, one can approach this question theologically or philosophically, but alsolegally and especially medically. Since the 1960 s, medical progress has made itpossible to distinguish between different individual points of time within the na-tural dying process. However, this raises the question as to which of these pointsof time is relevant for criminal law. This question, which is usually onsideredvery emotionally, will be examined in more detail in the paper. N2 - Wenn man sich mit der Frage der End-of-Life-Legislation auseinandersetzt, ist eine – oder besser gesagt DIE – grundlegende Frage besonders interessant: Was ist eigentlich das „End of Life“? Was ist der Tod? Dieser Frage kann man sich selbst-verständlich theologisch oder philosophisch nähern, aber eben auch rechtlich und vor allem medizinisch. In den 60er Jahren unterlag die Bestimmung des Todeszeitpunktes im Strafrecht einer grundsätzlichen Änderung: Nicht mehr der Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand, sondern der irreversible Hirntod ist nun entscheidend. So einfach sich dies niederschreiben lässt, so kompliziert und problembelastet ist der Umgang in der Praxis. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen daher den Todeszeitpunkt, insbesondere aus strafrechtlicher Sicht, genauer beleuchten. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-8487-5492-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9677-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845296777-251 SP - 251 EP - 260 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wiemann, Dirk T1 - Network Realism/Capitalist Realism T2 - Realism: Aesthetics, Experiments, Politics KW - Realismus KW - Kapitalismus KW - Kritik KW - literary theory KW - realism KW - capitalism Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-5013-8548-3 SN - 978-1-5013-8551-3 SN - 978-1-5013-8550-6 SN - 978-1-5013-8549-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5040/9781501385513.0018 SP - 209 EP - 227 PB - Bloomsbury Academic CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - Pride and conviviality - pride in conviviality BT - the rise and recognition of a prospective force T2 - Taking Stock – Twenty-Five Years of Comparative Literary Research (Internationale Forschungen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft) N2 - Pride is linked to conviviality, to the practice of life-with-an-other, and to an awareness of the limitations of the life forms and life norms which guide and regulate the life of culturally, socially, and historically defined communities. Assuming this link, pride in living-together and conviviality appear as concepts creating a framework for future perspectives. But these concepts need a space in which they can unfold critically and confidently with a view to the future. For millennia, the literatures of the world have created this space of simulation and experimentation in which knowledge of how-to-live-with-an-other has been put down on paper through the open-ended tradition of writing. It is the space of the life forms and life norms of conviviality: it offers us prospective knowledge for the future by translating the imaginable into the thinkable, and the readable into the livable. KW - pride KW - conviviality KW - inclusion KW - patriotism KW - literatures of the world Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-90-04-41035-0 SN - 978-90-04-40828-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410350_006 SN - 0929-6999 VL - 200 SP - 121 EP - 155 PB - Brill Rodopi CY - Leiden [u.a.] ER -