TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohnen, Saskia
A1  - Nickels, Lyndsey
A1  - Geigis, Leonie
A1  - Coltheart, Max
A1  - McArthur, Genevieve
A1  - Castles, Anne
T1  - Variations within a subtype
BT  - Developmental surface dyslexias in English
JF  - Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour
N2  - Surface dyslexia is characterised by poor reading of irregular words while nonword reading can be completely normal. Previous work has identified several theoretical possibilities for the underlying locus of impairment in surface dyslexia. In this study, we systematically investigated whether children with surface dyslexia showed different patterns of reading performance that could be traced back to different underlying levels of impairment. To do this, we tested 12 English readers, replicating previous work in Hebrew (Gvion & Friedmann, 2013; 2016; Friedmann & Lukov, 2008; Friedmann & Gvion, 2016). In our sample, we found that poor irregular word reading was associated with deficits at the level of the orthographic input lexicon and with impaired access to meaning and spoken word forms after processing written words in the orthographic input lexicon. There were also children whose surface dyslexia seemed to be caused by impairments of the phonological output lexicon. We suggest that further evidence is required to unequivocally support a fourth pattern where the link between orthography and meaning is intact while the link between orthography and spoken word forms is not functioning. All patterns found were consistent with dual route theory while possible patterns of results, which would be inconsistent with dual route theory, were not detected. Crown Copyright (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Reading difficulties
KW  - Proximal causes
KW  - Dissociations
KW  - Development
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.008
SN  - 0010-9452
SN  - 1973-8102
VL  - 106
SP  - 151
EP  - 163
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Paris
ER  -