TY - GEN A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Pathways from child sexual and physical abuse to sexual and physical intimate partner violence victimization through attitudes toward intimate partner violence T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although many studies have shown that victims of child abuse have an increased vulnerability to revictimization in intimate relationships, the underlying mechanisms are not yet sufficiently well understood. Therefore, this study aimed at examining this relationship for both sexual and physical forms of violence as well as investigating the potential mediating role of attitudes toward sexual and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Also, the potential moderating role of gender was explored. Sexual and physical child abuse and IPV victimization in adulthood as well as attitudes toward the respective form of IPV were assessed among 716 participants (448 female) in an online survey. The path analyses showed that child sexual abuse was positively linked to sexual IPV victimization among both women and men, whereas child physical abuse was positively associated with physical IPV victimization among women only. Furthermore, the relationship between both forms of child abuse and IPV victimization was mediated through more supportive attitudes toward the respective forms of IPV, but only among men. This study provides novel insights regarding the links between sexual and physical child abuse and revictimization in adulthood, suggesting that supporting attitudes toward IPV may be seen as vulnerability factor for revictimization. The moderating role of gender is especially discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 843 KW - child abuse KW - intimate partner violence KW - attitudes toward intimate partner violence KW - gender Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-543396 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Marchewka, Juliette A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Does question format matter in assessing the prevalence of sexual aggression? BT - A methodological study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 844 KW - self-report measures KW - experiences survey KW - risk-factors KW - victimization KW - rape KW - assault KW - women KW - perpetration KW - reliability KW - responses Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546632 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Changing cognitive risk factors for sexual aggression BT - Risky sexual scripts, low sexual self-esteem, perception of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany (N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants' sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 859 KW - sexual aggression KW - sexual scripts KW - sexual self-esteem KW - sexual coercion KW - college students Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549072 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertok, Eva A1 - Meško, Gorazd A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina ED - Schuster, Isabell ED - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Physical teen dating violence in high school students in Slovenia BT - prevalence and correlates JF - New directions for child and adolescent development N2 - Although teen dating violence (TDV) is internationally recognized as a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being, almost no data is available for Slovenian youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of TDV among Slovenian adolescents for the first time. Using data from the SPMAD study (Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency), 330 high school students were asked about physical TDV victimization and perpetration as well as about their dating history, relationship conflicts, peers' antisocial behavior, and informal social control by family and school. A substantial number of female andmale adolescents reported victimization (16.7% of female and 12.7% of male respondents) and perpetration (21.1% of female and 6.0% of male respondents). Furthermore, the results revealed that lower age at the first relationship, relationship conflicts, and school informal social control were associated with victimization, whereas being female, relationship conflicts, having antisocial peers, and family informal social control were linked to perpetration. Implications of the study findings were discussed. KW - dating aggression KW - Slovenia KW - teen dating violence KW - victimization KW - youth Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20436 SN - 1534-8687 VL - 178 SP - 59 EP - 77 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marchewka, Juliette A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization BT - a comparison of responses to broad versus behaviorally specific questions JF - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals N2 - From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60% for women and 75% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim-perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed. KW - Germany KW - rape KW - Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale KW - sexual assault KW - sexual victimization KW - unacknowledged victims Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22043 SN - 0096-140X SN - 1098-2337 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 573 EP - 582 PB - Wiley-Liss CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Pathways from child sexual and physical abuse to sexual and physical intimate partner violence victimization through attitudes toward intimate partner violence JF - Journal of family violence N2 - Although many studies have shown that victims of child abuse have an increased vulnerability to revictimization in intimate relationships, the underlying mechanisms are not yet sufficiently well understood. Therefore, this study aimed at examining this relationship for both sexual and physical forms of violence as well as investigating the potential mediating role of attitudes toward sexual and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Also, the potential moderating role of gender was explored. Sexual and physical child abuse and IPV victimization in adulthood as well as attitudes toward the respective form of IPV were assessed among 716 participants (448 female) in an online survey. The path analyses showed that child sexual abuse was positively linked to sexual IPV victimization among both women and men, whereas child physical abuse was positively associated with physical IPV victimization among women only. Furthermore, the relationship between both forms of child abuse and IPV victimization was mediated through more supportive attitudes toward the respective forms of IPV, but only among men. This study provides novel insights regarding the links between sexual and physical child abuse and revictimization in adulthood, suggesting that supporting attitudes toward IPV may be seen as vulnerability factor for revictimization. The moderating role of gender is especially discussed. KW - child abuse KW - intimate partner violence KW - attitudes toward intimate partner violence KW - gender Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00180-2 SN - 0885-7482 SN - 1573-2851 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 443 EP - 453 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Marchewka, Juliette A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Does question format matter in assessing the prevalence of sexual aggression? BT - A methodological study JF - The journal of sex research N2 - As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed. KW - self-report measures KW - experiences survey KW - risk-factors KW - victimization KW - rape KW - assault KW - women KW - perpetration KW - reliability KW - responses Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1777927 SN - 0022-4499 SN - 1559-8519 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 502 EP - 511 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Changing cognitive risk factors for sexual aggression BT - Risky sexual scripts, low sexual self-esteem, perception of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion JF - Journal of interpersonal violence N2 - Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany (N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants' sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs. KW - sexual aggression KW - sexual scripts KW - sexual self-esteem KW - sexual coercion KW - college students Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520922341 SN - 0886-2605 SN - 1552-6518 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SP - NP1377 EP - NP1400 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Introduction to the special issue. Prevalence and predictors of teen dating violence: A European perspective JF - New directions for child and adolescent development Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20444 SN - 1534-8687 SN - 1520-3247 VL - 178 IS - Special Issue: Prevalence and predictors of teen dating violence: a European perspective SP - 5 EP - 10 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco, Calif. [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Schuster, Isabell A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in a German university student sample JF - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research N2 - This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim-perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim-perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed. KW - Sexual aggression KW - Sexual victimization KW - Male victims KW - Female perpetrators KW - Same-sex relationships Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01963-4 SN - 0004-0002 SN - 1573-2800 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 2109 EP - 2121 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Schuster, Isabell T1 - Prevalence of teen dating violence in Europe BT - a systematic review of studies since 2010 JF - New directions for child and adolescent development N2 - Violence in adolescent relationships is a common problem with numerous negative short- and long-term consequences. Because most of the evidence on teen dating violence (TDV) synthesized in reviews comes from North American studies, this review aimed to compile evidence on prevalence rates of TDV based on studies identified for Europe only. Specifically, we considered different forms of TDV victimization and perpetration, gender differences, and its measurement. A systematic literature search of the most popular databases Ebsco and PubMed yielded a total of N = 34 studies, with most of the studies identified for Spain, and only a few studies in other European countries. In sum, the results revealed a great variability in prevalence rates across and within the European countries, a common pattern of gender differences, and a wide range of applied measures, corresponding with the evidence from the North American studies. Implications for future research and policy were discussed. KW - gender KW - measurement KW - prevalence KW - review KW - teen dating violence KW - victimization and perpetration Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20437 SN - 1534-8687 SN - 1520-3247 VL - 178 IS - Special Issue: Prevalence and predictors of teen dating violence: a European perspective SP - 11 EP - 37 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Schuster, Isabell T1 - Comparing sexuality-related cognitions, sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion in dating app users and non-users JF - Sexuality research & social policy N2 - Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed. KW - dating app use KW - sexual scripts KW - sexual behavior KW - acceptance of sexual KW - coercion KW - young adults Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00397-x SN - 1868-9884 SN - 1553-6610 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 188 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahe, Barbara T1 - Predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among Polish University Students BT - a Longitudinal Study JF - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research N2 - This two-wave study investigated predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in a convenience sample of 318 Polish university students (214 women), considering males and females from the perspective of both victims and perpetrators. At T1, we assessed participants’ risky sexual scripts (defined as cognitive representations of consensual sexual interactions containing elements related to sexual aggression), risky sexual behavior, pornography use, religiosity, sexual self-esteem, and attitudes toward sexual coercion. These variables were used to predict sexual aggression perpetration and victimization reports obtained 12 months later (T2) for two time windows: (a) since the age of 15 until a year ago and (b) in the past year. As expected, risky sexual scripts were linked to risky sexual behavior and indirectly increased the likelihood of victimization in both time windows. Lower sexual self-esteem predicted sexual victimization since age 15, but not in the past 12 months. Pornography use and religiosity indirectly predicted victimization via risky scripts and behavior. Attitudes toward sexual coercion were a prospective predictor of sexual aggression perpetration. The results extend the international literature on sexual aggression and have implications for sexual education and sexual aggression prevention programs. KW - Youth sexual aggression KW - Sexual scripts KW - Pornography KW - Religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0823-2 SN - 0004-0002 SN - 1573-2800 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 493 EP - 505 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students: links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity JF - Journal of sexual aggression N2 - The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants’ risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour. KW - Sexual scripts KW - attitudes towards sexual coercion KW - pornography KW - religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2016.1195892 SN - 1355-2600 SN - 1742-6545 VL - 22 SP - 291 EP - 307 PB - Société pour le Progrès des Etudes Philologiques et Historiques CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404807 IS - 399 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515609583 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 594 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - THES A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among Polish Youth BT - prevalence and predictors Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Berger, Anja A1 - Vanwesenbeeck, Ine A1 - Bianchi, Gabriel A1 - Chliaoutakis, Joannes A1 - Fernandez-Fuertes, Andres A. A1 - Fuertes, Antonio A1 - de Matos, Margarida Gaspar A1 - Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni A1 - Haller, Birgitt A1 - Hellemans, Sabine A1 - Izdebski, Zbigniew A1 - Kouta, Christiana A1 - Meijnckens, Dwayne A1 - Murauskiene, Liubove A1 - Papadakaki, Maria A1 - Ramiro, Lucia A1 - Reis, Marta A1 - Symons, Katrien A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Vicario-Molina, Isabel A1 - Zygadlo, Andrzej T1 - Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 European countries: a multi-level analysis JF - Culture, health & sexuality : a journal for research, intervention and care N2 - Data are presented on young people's sexual victimisation and perpetration from 10 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain) using a shared measurement tool (N = 3480 participants, aged between 18 and 27 years). Between 19.7 and 52.2% of female and between 10.1 and 55.8% of male respondents reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimisation since the age of consent. In two countries, victimisation rates were significantly higher for men than for women. Between 5.5 and 48.7% of male and 2.6 and 14.8% of female participants reported having engaged in a least one act of sexual aggression perpetration, with higher rates for men than for women in all countries. Victimisation rates correlated negatively with sexual assertiveness and positively with alcohol use in sexual encounters. Perpetration rates correlated positively with attitudes condoning physical dating violence and with alcohol use in men, and negatively with sexual assertiveness in women. At the country level, lower gender equality in economic power and in the work domain was related to higher male perpetration rates. Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimisation rates. KW - young people KW - sexual aggression KW - multi-level correlates KW - European Union KW - sexual victimisation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.989265 SN - 1369-1058 SN - 1464-5351 VL - 17 IS - 6 SP - 682 EP - 699 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Kuyper, Lisette A1 - Vanwesenbeeck, Ine T1 - Prevalence of sexual aggression among young people in Europe: a review of the evidence from 27 EU countries JF - Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa N2 - Sexual aggression poses a serious threat to the sexual well-being of young people. This paper documents the available evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization from 27 EU countries, established as part of the Youth Sexual Aggression and Victimization (Y-SAV) project. A total of N = 113 studies were identified through a systematic review of the literature and consultations with experts in each country. Despite differences in the number of available studies, methodology, and sample composition, the review shows substantial prevalence rates of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization across Europe. A wide variation was found, both within and between countries. The lifetime prevalence rates of female sexual victimization, excluding childhood sexual abuse, ranged from 9 to 83%, the rates of male sexual victimization ranged from 2 to 66%, the rates of male sexual aggression ranged from 0 to 80%, and the range of female sexual aggression ranged from 0.8 to 40%. One-year prevalence rates showed a similar variability. Conceptual and methodological problems in the database are discussed, and an outline is presented for a more harmonized approach to studying the scale of sexual aggression among young people in Europe. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Sexual aggression KW - Sexual victimization KW - Adolescence KW - European Union Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.005 SN - 1359-1789 SN - 1873-6335 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 545 EP - 558 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Sexual scripts and the acceptance of sexual aggression in Polish adolescents JF - European journal of developmental psychology N2 - A study with 199 Polish adolescents explored the prominence of risk factors of sexual aggression as part of the sexual scripts for consensual sexual encounters and as predictors of the acceptance of sexual aggression. Distinguishing between general scripts, attributed to the age group as a whole, and individual scripts, reflecting personal standards, sexual scripts were linked to the normative endorsement of the risk factors and to the acceptance of sexual aggression. Individual scripts contained fewer risk factors of sexual aggression than general scripts. The more prominently the risk elements featured in the individual (but not in the general) scripts, the more they were seen as acceptable. For boys, risk scores in individual scripts were correlated with sexual behaviour and linked to the acceptance of sexual aggression via their normative endorsement. The distinction between individual and general scripts as guidelines for behaviour is discussed in terms of its significance for the understanding of sexual aggression. KW - Sexual scripts KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual aggression KW - Adolescence KW - Poland Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2011.611034 SN - 1740-5629 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 697 EP - 712 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students BT - links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity N2 - The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants’ risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 296 KW - Sexual scripts KW - attitudes towards sexual coercion KW - pornography KW - religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93450 ER -