TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlenbruch, Kristin
A1  - Zhuo, Xiaohui
A1  - Bardenheier, Barbara
A1  - Shao, Hui
A1  - Laxy, Michael
A1  - Icks, Andrea
A1  - Zhang, Ping
A1  - Gregg, Edward W.
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Selecting the optimal risk threshold of diabetes risk scores to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes prevention
BT  - a cost-effectiveness analysis
JF  - Acta Diabetologica
N2  - Aims:
Although risk scores to predict type 2 diabetes exist, cost-effectiveness of risk thresholds to target prevention interventions are unknown. We applied cost-effectiveness analysis to identify optimal thresholds of predicted risk to target a low-cost community-based intervention in the USA. 

Methods:
We used a validated Markov-based type 2 diabetes simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alternative thresholds of diabetes risk. Population characteristics for the model were obtained from NHANES 2001-2004 and incidence rates and performance of two noninvasive diabetes risk scores (German diabetes risk score, GDRS, and ARIC 2009 score) were determined in the ARIC and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for increasing risk score thresholds. Two scenarios were assumed: 1-stage (risk score only) and 2-stage (risk score plus fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test (threshold 100 mg/dl) in the high-risk group). 

Results:
In ARIC and CHS combined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the GDRS and the ARIC 2009 score were 0.691 (0.677-0.704) and 0.720 (0.707-0.732), respectively. The optimal threshold of predicted diabetes risk (ICER < $50,000/QALY gained in case of intervention in those above the threshold) was 7% for the GDRS and 9% for the ARIC 2009 score. In the 2-stage scenario, ICERs for all cutoffs >= 5% were below $50,000/QALY gained.

Conclusions:
Intervening in those with >= 7% diabetes risk based on the GDRS or >= 9% on the ARIC 2009 score would be cost-effective. A risk score threshold >= 5% together with elevated FPG would also allow targeting interventions cost-effectively.
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - type 2
KW  - cost-effectiveness analysis
KW  - lifestyle risk reduction
KW  - clinical prediction rule
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01451-1
SN  - 0001-5563
SN  - 0940-5429
SN  - 1432-5233
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
SP  - 447
EP  - 454
PB  - Springer
CY  - Mailand
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dolcos, Florin
A1  - Katsumi, Yuta
A1  - Moore, Matthew
A1  - Berggren, Nick
A1  - de Gelder, Beatrice
A1  - Derakshan, Nazanin
A1  - Hamm, Alfons O.
A1  - Koster, Ernst H. W.
A1  - Ladouceur, Cecile D.
A1  - Okon-Singer, Hadas
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions
BT  - From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions
JF  - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
N2  - Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations.
KW  - emotion
KW  - attention
KW  - perception
KW  - learning and memory
KW  - individual differences
KW  - training interventions
KW  - psychophysiology
KW  - neuroimaging
KW  - affective neuroscience
KW  - health and well-being
KW  - linguistics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017
SN  - 0149-7634
SN  - 1873-7528
VL  - 108
SP  - 559
EP  - 601
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matheis, Svenja
A1  - Keller, Lena
A1  - Kronborg, Leonie
A1  - Schmitt, Manfred
A1  - Preckel, Franzis
T1  - Do stereotypes strike twice?
BT  - giftedness and gender stereotypes in pre-service teachers’ beliefs about student characteristics in Australia
JF  - Asia-Pacific journal of teacher education
N2  - Stereotypes influence teachers' perception of and behaviour towards students, thus shaping students' learning opportunities. The present study investigated how 315 Australian pre-service teachers' stereotypes about giftedness and gender are related to their perception of students' intellectual ability, adjustment, and social-emotional ability, using an experimental vignette approach and controlling for social desirability in pre-service teachers' responses. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that pre-service teachers associated giftedness with higher intellectual ability, but with less adjustment compared to average-ability students. Furthermore, pre-service teachers perceived male students as less socially and emotionally competent and less adjusted than female students. Additionally, pre-service teachers seemed to perceive female average-ability students' adjustment as most favourable compared to male average-ability students and gifted students. Findings point to discrepancies between actual characteristics of gifted female and male students and stereotypes in teachers' beliefs. Consequences of stereotyping and implications for teacher education are discussed.
KW  - teacher beliefs
KW  - stereotypes
KW  - giftedness
KW  - gender
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Australian culture
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2019.1576029
SN  - 1469-2945
SN  - 1359-866X
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
SP  - 213
EP  - 232
PB  - Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruberg, Tobias
A1  - Rothweiler, Monika
A1  - Veríssimo, João Marques
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment
BT  - A study of the CP-domain in German SLI
JF  - Bilingualism: Language and Cognition
N2  - This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not.
KW  - developmental language impairment
KW  - specific language impairment
KW  - child second language acquisition
KW  - syntax
KW  - agreement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000580
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
SP  - 668
EP  - 680
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schorn, Sina
A1  - Salman-Carvalho, Verena
A1  - Littmann, Sten
A1  - Ionescu, Danny
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Cypionka, Heribert
T1  - Cell architecture of the giant sulfur bacterium achromatium oxaliferum
BT  - Extra-cytoplasmic localization of calcium carbonate bodies
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
N2  - Achromatium oxaliferum is a large sulfur bacterium easily recognized by large intracellular calcium carbonate bodies. Although these bodies often fill major parts of the cells' volume, their role and specific intracellular location are unclear. In this study, we used various microscopy and staining techniques to identify the cell compartment harboring the calcium carbonate bodies. We observed that Achromatium cells often lost their calcium carbonate bodies, either naturally or induced by treatments with diluted acids, ethanol, sodium bicarbonate and UV radiation which did not visibly affect the overall shape and motility of the cells (except for UV radiation). The water-soluble fluorescent dye fluorescein easily diffused into empty cavities remaining after calcium carbonate loss. Membranes (stained with Nile Red) formed a network stretching throughout the cell and surrounding empty or filled calcium carbonate cavities. The cytoplasm (stained with FITC and SYBR Green for nucleic acids) appeared highly condensed and showed spots of dissolved Ca2+ (stained with Fura-2). From our observations, we conclude that the calcium carbonate bodies are located in the periplasm, in extra-cytoplasmic pockets of the cytoplasmic membrane and are thus kept separate from the cell's cytoplasm. This periplasmic localization of the carbonate bodies might explain their dynamic formation and release upon environmental changes.
KW  - sulfur-bacteria
KW  - calcium carbonate inclusions
KW  - extra-cytoplasmic pockets
KW  - calcite
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz200
SN  - 1574-6941
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämpf, Lucas
A1  - Plessen, Birgit
A1  - Lauterbach, Stefan
A1  - Nantke, Carla
A1  - Meyer, Hanno
A1  - Chapligin, Bernhard
A1  - Brauer, Achim
T1  - Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of carbonates in lake sediments as a paleoflood proxy
JF  - Geology / the Geological Society of America
N2  - Lake sediments are increasingly explored as reliable paleoflood archives. In addition to established flood proxies including detrital layer thickness, chemical composition, and grain size, we explore stable oxygen and carbon isotope data as paleoflood proxies for lakes in catchments with carbonate bedrock geology. In a case study from Lake Mondsee (Austria), we integrate high-resolution sediment trapping at a proximal and a distal location and stable isotope analyses of varved lake sediments to investigate flood-triggered detrital sediment flux. First, we demonstrate a relation between runoff, detrital sediment flux, and isotope values in the sediment trap record covering the period 2011-2013 CE including 22 events with daily (hourly) peak runoff ranging from 10 (24) m(3) s(-1) to 79 (110) m(3) s(-1). The three- to ten-fold lower flood-triggered detrital sediment deposition in the distal trap is well reflected by attenuated peaks in the stable isotope values of trapped sediments. Next, we show that all nine flood-triggered detrital layers deposited in a sediment record from 1988 to 2013 have elevated isotope values compared with endogenic calcite. In addition, even two runoff events that did not cause the deposition of visible detrital layers are distinguished by higher isotope values. Empirical thresholds in the isotope data allow estimation of magnitudes of the majority of floods, although in some cases flood magnitudes are overestimated because local effects can result in too-high isotope values. Hence we present a proof of concept for stable isotopes as reliable tool for reconstructing flood frequency and, although with some limitations, even for flood magnitudes.
KW  - detrital carbonate
KW  - varved sediments
KW  - record
KW  - Baldeggersee
KW  - delta-c-13
KW  - alps
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1130/G46593.1
SN  - 1943-2682
SN  - 0091-7613
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 7
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harms, Laura M.
A1  - Scalbert, Augustin
A1  - Zamora-Ros, Raul
A1  - Rinaldi, Sabina
A1  - Jenab, Mazda
A1  - Murphy, Neil
A1  - Achaintre, David
A1  - Tjønneland, Anne
A1  - Olsen, Anja
A1  - Overvad, Kim
A1  - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
T1  - Plasma polyphenols associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations
BT  - a cross-sectional study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
JF  - British Journal of Nutrition
N2  - Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 % CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 % CI 50, 1) % lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0 center dot 66, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 58, 95 % CI 0 center dot 39, 0 center dot 86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 63, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 87), ferulic acid (OR 0 center dot 65, 95 % CI 0 center dot 44, 0 center dot 96) and caffeic acid (OR 0 center dot 69, 95 % CI 0 center dot 51, 0 center dot 93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0 center dot 67, 95 % CI 0 center dot 48, 0 center dot 93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies.
KW  - polyphenols
KW  - plasma measurements
KW  - C-reactive protein
KW  - inflammation
KW  - chronic diseases
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519002538
SN  - 0007-1145
SN  - 1475-2662
VL  - 123
IS  - 2
SP  - 198
EP  - 208
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
A1  - Lee, Michael S. W.
A1  - Seegebarth, Barbara
A1  - Peyer, Mathias
T1  - A sustainable pathway to consumer wellbeing
BT  - the role of anticonsumption and consumer empowerment
JF  - The Journal of consumer affairs
N2  - This study investigates the effect of different anticonsumption constructs on consumer wellbeing. The study assumes that people will only lower their level of consumption if doing so does not also lower personal wellbeing. More precisely, this research investigates how specific subtypes of sustainable anticonsumption (e.g., voluntary simplicity, collaborative consumption, and debt-free living) relate to different states of consumer's wellbeing (e.g., financial, psychosocial, and subjective wellbeing). This work also examines whether consumer empowerment can improve personal wellbeing and strengthen the anticonsumption wellbeing relationship. The results show that voluntarily foregoing consumption does not reduce wellbeing and consumer empowerment plays a significant role in supporting sustainable pathways to consumer wellbeing. This study reasons that empowerment improves consumer sovereignty, but may be detrimental for consumers heavily concerned about debt-free living. The present investigation concludes by proposing implications for public and consumer policymakers wishing to promote appropriate sustainable (anticonsumption) pathways to consumer wellbeing.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12278
SN  - 0022-0078
SN  - 1745-6606
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
SP  - 456
EP  - 488
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Malden, Mass.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gu, Sasa
A1  - Risse, Sebastian
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Ballauff, Matthias
T1  - Mechanism of the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes
BT  - a kinetic study
JF  - ChemPhysChem
N2  - Experimental and kinetic modelling studies are presented to investigate the mechanism of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB-Pt). Due to the high stability of SPB-Pt colloidal, this reaction can be monitored precisely in situ by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The time-dependent concentration of the blue-colored oxidation product of TMB expressed by different kinetic models was used to simulate the experimental data by a genetic fitting algorithm. After falsifying the models with abundant experimental data, it is found that both H2O2 and TMB adsorb on the surface of Pt nanoparticles to react, indicating that the reaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. A true rate constant k, characterizing the rate-determining step of the reaction and which is independent on the amount of catalysts used, is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, it is found that the product adsorbes strongly on the surface of nanoparticles, thus inhibiting the reaction. The entire analysis provides a new perspective to study the catalytic mechanism and evaluate the catalytic activity of the peroxidase-like nanoparticles.
KW  - kinetics
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - reaction mechanisms
KW  - spherical polyelectrolyte
KW  - brushes
KW  - UV
KW  - vis spectroscopy
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201901087
SN  - 1439-4235
SN  - 1439-7641
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
SP  - 450
EP  - 458
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiefer, Thomas
A1  - Krahl, Dorothea
A1  - Hirt, Carsten
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Voelkel, Lorenz
A1  - Daeschlein, Georg
T1  - Influence of treatment caused impairments on anxiety and depression in patients with cancer of the Esophagus or the Esophagogastric junction
JF  - Journal of gastrointestinal cancer
N2  - Purpose
After therapy of cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction, patients often suffer from anxiety and depression. Some risk factors for elevated anxiety and depression are reported, but the influence of steatorrhea, the frequency of which has only recently been reported, has not yet been investigated. 

Method
Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), we analyzed the correlation of anxiety and depression with steatorrhea, appetite, and weight loss in 72 patients with cancer of the esophagus or of the esophagogastric junction, who were treated at our rehabilitation clinic between January 2011 and December 2014. In addition, effectiveness of psychological interviews was analyzed.

Results
We have evaluable anxiety questionnaires from 51 patients showing a median anxiety value of 5 (range 0-13). As for the depression, results from evaluable questionnaires of 54 patients also showed a median value of 5 (range 0-15). Increased anxiety and depression values (> 7) were observed in 25.4% and 37.0% of the patients respectively. Patients who were admitted with steatorrhea for rehabilitation showed a statistically higher anxiety value (median 6.3 vs. 4.7, p < 0.05), reduced appetite, and a weight loss above 15 kg depicting a correlation to anxiety and depression. Psychological conversations helped lowering the depression but had no influence on anxiety. 

Conclusions
Impairments after cancer treatment, such as steatorrhea, appetite loss, and weight loss, should be interpreted as an alarm signal and should necessitate screening for increased anxiety and depression. Psychological therapy can help improving the extent of the depression.
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - Depression
KW  - Esophagus carcinoma
KW  - Exocrine pancreas
KW  - insufficiency
KW  - Rehabilitation
KW  - Steatorrhea
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-018-00193-7
SN  - 1941-6628
SN  - 1941-6636
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tarazona, Natalia A.
A1  - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Unraveling the interplay between abiotic hydrolytic degradation and crystallization of bacterial polyesters comprising short and medium side-chain-length Polyhydroxyalkanoates
JF  - Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences
N2  - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have attracted attention as degradable (co)polyesters which can be produced by microorganisms with variations in the side chain. This structural variation influences not only the thermomechanical properties of the material but also its degradation behavior. Here, we used Langmuir monolayers at the air-water (A-W) interface as suitable models for evaluating the abiotic degradation of two PHAs with different side-chain lengths and crystallinity. By controlling the polymer state (semi crystalline, amorphous), the packing density, the pH, and the degradation mechanism, we could draw several significant conclusions. (i) The maximum degree of crystallinity for a PHA film to be efficiently degraded up to pH = 12.3 is 40%. (ii) PHA made of repeating units with shorter side-chain length are more easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. The efficiency of alkaline hydrolysis decreased by about 65% when the polymer was 40% crystalline. (iii) In PHA films with a relatively high initial crystallinity, abiotic degradation initiated a chemicrystallization phenomenon, detected as an increase in the storage modulus (E'). This could translate into an increase in brittleness and reduction in the material degradability. Finally, we demonstrate the stability of the measurement system for long-term experiments, which allows degradation conditions for polymers that could closely simulate real-time degradation.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01458
SN  - 1525-7797
SN  - 1526-4602
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 761
EP  - 771
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eibl, Eva P. S.
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Vesely, Nele I. K.
A1  - Walter, Thomas R.
A1  - Jousset, Philippe
A1  - Hersir, Gylfi Pall
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Eruption interval monitoring at strokkur Geyser, Iceland
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - Geysers are hot springs whose frequency of water eruptions remain poorly understood. We set up a local broadband seismic network for 1 year at Strokkur geyser, Iceland, and developed an unprecedented catalog of 73,466 eruptions. We detected 50,135 single eruptions but find that the geyser is also characterized by sets of up to six eruptions in quick succession. The number of single to sextuple eruptions exponentially decreased, while the mean waiting time after an eruption linearly increased (3.7 to 16.4 min). While secondary eruptions within double to sextuple eruptions have a smaller mean seismic amplitude, the amplitude of the first eruption is comparable for all eruption types. We statistically model the eruption frequency assuming discharges proportional to the eruption multiplicity and a constant probability for subsequent events within a multituple eruption. The waiting time after an eruption is predictable but not the type or amplitude of the next one. <br /> Plain Language Summary Geysers are springs that often erupt in hot water fountains. They erupt more often than volcanoes but are quite similar. Nevertheless, it is poorly understood how often volcanoes and also geysers erupt. We created a list of 73,466 eruption times of Strokkur geyser, Iceland, from 1 year of seismic data. The geyser erupted one to six times in quick succession. We found 50,135 single eruptions but only 1 sextuple eruption, while the mean waiting time increased from 3.7 min after single eruptions to 16.4 min after sextuple eruptions. Mean amplitudes of each eruption type were higher for single eruptions, but all first eruptions in a succession were similar in height. Assuming a constant heat inflow at depth, we can predict the waiting time after an eruption but not the type or amplitude of the next one.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085266
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malinova, Irina
A1  - Kössler, Stella
A1  - Orawetz, Tom
A1  - Matthes, Ulrike
A1  - Orzechowski, Slawomir
A1  - Koch, Anke
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Identification of two Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane transporters able to transport glucose 1-phosphate
JF  - Plant & cell physiology
N2  - Primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants includes several sugar and sugar-derivative transport processes. Over recent years, evidences have shown that in starch-related transport processes, in addition to glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, glucose and triose-phosphates, glucose 1-phosphate also plays a role and thereby increases the possible fluxes of sugar metabolites in planta. In this study, we report the characterization of two highly similar transporters, At1g34020 and At4g09810, in Arabidopsis thaliana, which allow the import of glucose 1-phosphate through the plasma membrane. Both transporters were expressed in yeast and were biochemically analyzed to reveal an antiport of glucose 1-phosphate/phosphate. Furthermore, we showed that the apoplast of Arabidopsis leaves contained glucose 1-phosphate and that the corresponding mutant of these transporters had higher glucose 1-phosphate amounts in the apoplast and alterations in starch and starch-related metabolism.
KW  - apoplast
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW  - glucose 1-phosphate transport
KW  - starch metabolism
KW  - sugar transport
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz206
SN  - 0032-0781
SN  - 1471-9053
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 381
EP  - 392
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Fundamental insights in PLGA degradation from thin film studies
JF  - Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society and of the Japanese Society of Drug Delivery Systems
N2  - Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)s are commercially available degradable implant materials, which are typically selected based on specifications given by the manufacturer, one of which is their molecular weight. Here, we address the question whether variations in the chain length and their distribution affect the degradation behavior of Poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide]s (PDLLGA). The hydrolysis was studied in ultrathin films at the air-water interface in order to rule out any morphological effects. We found that both for purely hydrolytic degradation as well as under enzymatic catalysis, the molecular weight has very little effect on the overall degradation kinetics of PDLLGAs. The quantitative analysis suggested a random scission mechanism. The monolayer experiments showed that an acidic micro-pH does not accelerate the degradation of PDLLGAs, in contrast to alkaline conditions. The degradation experiments were combined with interfacial rheology measurements, which showed a drastic decrease of the viscosity at little mass loss. The extrapolated molecular weight behaved similar to the viscosity, dropping to a value near to the solubility limit of PDLLGA oligomers before mass loss set in. This observation suggests a solubility controlled degradation of PDLLGA. Conclusively, the molecular weight affects the degradation of PDLLGA devices mostly in indirect ways, e.g. by determining their morphology and porosity during fabrication. Our study demonstrates the relevance of the presented Langmuir degradation method for the design of controlled release systems.
KW  - PDLLGA
KW  - Degradation
KW  - Langmuir monolayer
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.044
SN  - 0168-3659
SN  - 1873-4995
VL  - 319
SP  - 276
EP  - 284
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Solger, Franziska
A1  - Kunz, Tobias C.
A1  - Fink, Julian
A1  - Paprotka, Kerstin
A1  - Pfister, Pauline
A1  - Hagen, Franziska
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Seibel, Jürgen
A1  - Rudel, Thomas
T1  - A role of sphingosine in the intracellular survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
JF  - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
N2  - Obligate human pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the second most frequent bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases. These bacteria invade different mucosal tissues and occasionally disseminate into the bloodstream. Invasion into epithelial cells requires the activation of host cell receptors by the formation of ceramide-rich platforms. Here, we investigated the role of sphingosine in the invasion and intracellular survival of gonococci. Sphingosine exhibited an anti-gonococcal activity in vitro. We used specific sphingosine analogs and click chemistry to visualize sphingosine in infected cells. Sphingosine localized to the membrane of intracellular gonococci. Inhibitor studies and the application of a sphingosine derivative indicated that increased sphingosine levels reduced the intracellular survival of gonococci. We demonstrate here, that sphingosine can target intracellular bacteria and may therefore exert a direct bactericidal effect inside cells.
KW  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
KW  - sphingosine
KW  - sphingolipids
KW  - sphingosine kinases
KW  - invasion
KW  - survival
KW  - click chemistry
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00215
SN  - 2235-2988
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Williams, Geoffrey
T1  - Perceived health care climate of older people attending an exercise program
BT  - validation of the german short version of the health care climate questionnaire
JF  - Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity
N2  - The role of perceived need support from exercise professionals in improving mental health was examined in a sample of older adults, thereby validating the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire. A total of 491 older people (M = 72.68 years; SD = 5.47) attending a health exercise program participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (alpha = .90). Satisfaction with the exercise professional correlated moderately with the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire mean value (r = .38; p < .01). The mediator analyses yielded support for the self-determination theory process model in older adults by showing both basic need satisfaction and frustration as mediating variables between perceived autonomy support and depressive symptoms. The short Health Care Climate Questionnaire is an economical instrument for assessing basic need satisfaction provided by the exercise therapist from the participant's perspective. Furthermore, this cross-sectional study supported the link from coaching style to the satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, which in turn, predicted mental health. Analyses of criterion validity suggest a revision of the construct by integrating need frustration.
KW  - autonomy support
KW  - basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration
KW  - depression
KW  - need support
KW  - physical activity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0350
SN  - 1063-8652
SN  - 1543-267X
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 276
EP  - 286
PB  - Human Kinetics Publ.
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka
A1  - Nazzi, Thierry
T1  - Variability and stability in early language acquisition
BT  - comparing recognition and bilingual infants' speech perception and word recognition
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Many human infants grow up learning more than one language simultaneously but only recently has research started to study early language acquisition in this population more systematically. The paper gives an overview on findings on early language acquisition in bilingual infants during the first two years of life and compares these findings to current knowledge on early language acquisition in monolingual infants. Given the state of the research, the overview focuses on research on phonological and early lexical development in the first two years of life. We will show that the developmental trajectory of early language acquisition in these areas is very similar in mono- and bilingual infants suggesting that these early steps into language are guided by mechanisms that are rather robust against the differences in the conditions of language exposure that mono- and bilingual infants typically experience.
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - bilingual infants
KW  - bilingual phonological
KW  - development
KW  - bilingual lexical development
KW  - simultaneous bilingualism
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000348
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 56
EP  - 71
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cervantes, Sebastian
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Castillo Tibocha, Angelica Maria
A1  - Stolle, Claudia
T1  - Identifying radiation belt electron source and loss processes by assimilating spacecraft data in a three-dimensional diffusion model
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics
N2  - Data assimilation aims to blend incomplete and inaccurate data with physics-based dynamical models. In the Earth's radiation belts, it is used to reconstruct electron phase space density, and it has become an increasingly important tool in validating our current understanding of radiation belt dynamics, identifying new physical processes, and predicting the near-Earth hazardous radiation environment. In this study, we perform reanalysis of the sparse measurements from four spacecraft using the three-dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt diffusion model and a split-operator Kalman filter over a 6-month period from 1 October 2012 to 1 April 2013. In comparison to previous works, our 3-D model accounts for more physical processes, namely, mixed pitch angle-energy diffusion, scattering by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron waves, and magnetopause shadowing. We describe how data assimilation, by means of the innovation vector, can be used to account for missing physics in the model. We use this method to identify the radial distances from the Earth and the geomagnetic conditions where our model is inconsistent with the measured phase space density for different values of the invariants mu and K. As a result, the Kalman filter adjusts the predictions in order to match the observations, and we interpret this as evidence of where and when additional source or loss processes are active. The current work demonstrates that 3-D data assimilation provides a comprehensive picture of the radiation belt electrons and is a crucial step toward performing reanalysis using measurements from ongoing and future missions.
KW  - acceleration
KW  - code
KW  - density
KW  - emic waves
KW  - energetic particle
KW  - mechanisms
KW  - reanalysis
KW  - ultrarelativistic electrons
KW  - weather
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027514
SN  - 2169-9380
SN  - 2169-9402
VL  - 125
IS  - 1
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blasius, Bernd
A1  - Rudolf, Lars
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
A1  - Fussmann, Gregor F.
T1  - Long-term cyclic persistence in an experimental predator-prey system
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Predator-prey cycles rank among the most fundamental concepts in ecology, are predicted by the simplest ecological models and enable, theoretically, the indefinite persistence of predator and prey(1-4). However, it remains an open question for how long cyclic dynamics can be self-sustained in real communities. Field observations have been restricted to a few cycle periods(5-8) and experimental studies indicate that oscillations may be short-lived without external stabilizing factors(9-19). Here we performed microcosm experiments with a planktonic predator-prey system and repeatedly observed oscillatory time series of unprecedented length that persisted for up to around 50 cycles or approximately 300 predator generations. The dominant type of dynamics was characterized by regular, coherent oscillations with a nearly constant predator-prey phase difference. Despite constant experimental conditions, we also observed shorter episodes of irregular, non-coherent oscillations without any significant phase relationship. However, the predator-prey system showed a strong tendency to return to the dominant dynamical regime with a defined phase relationship. A mathematical model suggests that stochasticity is probably responsible for the reversible shift from coherent to non-coherent oscillations, a notion that was supported by experiments with external forcing by pulsed nutrient supply. Our findings empirically demonstrate the potential for infinite persistence of predator and prey populations in a cyclic dynamic regime that shows resilience in the presence of stochastic events.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1857-0
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 577
IS  - 7789
SP  - 226
EP  - 230
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hehn, Jennifer
A1  - Mendez, Daniel
A1  - Uebernickel, Falk
A1  - Brenner, Walter
A1  - Broy, Manfred
T1  - On integrating design thinking for human-centered requirements engineering
JF  - IEEE software
N2  - We elaborate on the possibilities and needs to integrate design thinking into requirements engineering, drawing from our research and project experiences. We suggest three approaches for tailoring and integrating design thinking and requirements engineering with complementary synergies and point at open challenges for research and practice.
KW  - requirements engineering
KW  - prototypes
KW  - software
KW  - electronic mail
KW  - tools
KW  - organizations
KW  - design thinking
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2019.2957715
SN  - 0740-7459
SN  - 1937-4194
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 25
EP  - 31
PB  - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Los Alamitos
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Changsheng
A1  - Chen, Gangjin
A1  - Qiu, Xunlin
A1  - Gao, Meng
A1  - Gerhard, Reimund
T1  - Modified polytetrafluoroethylene
BT  - towards easy-to-process space-charge electret materials
JF  - Applied physics express : APEX
N2  - Three poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenefluoride) (TFE-HFP-VDF or THV) terpolymers (Dyneon (R)) with different monomer ratios are investigated to demonstrate the concept of "modified" PTFE for space-charge electrets. HFP and VDF monomers distort the highly ordered PTFE molecules, which effectively enhances processability and adversely affects space-charge storage. Particularly, VDF component renders the material polar and probably also more conductive, partially undermining the space-charge-storage capabilities of PTFE. Nevertheless, the terpolymer THV815 with a TFE/HFP/VDF wt% ratio of 76.1/10.9/13 combines easy processability and relatively good space-charge stability. Our results shed light on novel concepts for space-charge electret materials with enhanced processing properties and reasonable charge-storage capabilities.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab5b23
SN  - 1882-0778
SN  - 1882-0786
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Jun
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Liu, Kai
A1  - Awasthi, Arun Kumar
A1  - Zhang, Peijin
A1  - Wang, Yuming
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
T1  - Extreme-ultraviolet late phase of solar flares
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - A second peak in the extreme ultraviolet sometimes appears during the gradual phase of solar flares, which is known as the EUV late phase (ELP). Stereotypically ELP is associated with two separated sets of flaring loops with distinct sizes, and it has been debated whether ELP is caused by additional heating or extended plasma cooling in the longer loop system. Here we carry out a survey of 55 M-and-above GOES-class flares with ELP during 2010-2014. Based on the flare-ribbon morphology, these flares are categorized as circular-ribbon (19 events), two-ribbon (23 events), and complex-ribbon (13 events) flares. Among them, 22 events (40%) are associated with coronal mass ejections, while the rest are confined. An extreme ELP, with the late-phase peak exceeding the main-phase peak, is found in 48% of two-ribbon flares, 37% of circular-ribbon flares, and 31% of complex-ribbon flares, suggesting that additional heating is more likely present during ELP in two-ribbon than in circular-ribbon flares. Overall, cooling may be the dominant factor causing the delay of the ELP peak relative to the main-phase peak, because the loop system responsible for the ELP emission is generally larger than, and well separated from, that responsible for the main-phase emission. All but one of the circular-ribbon flares can be well explained by a composite "dome-plate" quasi-separatrix layer (QSL). Only half of these show a magnetic null point, with its fan and spine embedded in the dome and plate, respectively. The dome-plate QSL, therefore, is a general and robust structure characterizing circular-ribbon flares.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6def
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 890
IS  - 2
PB  - Institute of Physics Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bär, Markus
A1  - Großmann, Robert
A1  - Heidenreich, Sebastian
A1  - Peruani, Fernando
T1  - Self-propelled rods
BT  - insights and perspectives for active matter
JF  - Annual review of condensed matter physics
N2  - A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in vitro motility assays, and shaken granular media are commonly described as self-propelled rods. Large ensembles of those entities display a large variety of self-organized, collective phenomena, including the formation of moving polar clusters, polar and nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects, and mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give a brief survey of experimental observations and review the theoretical description of self-propelled rods. Our focus is on the emergent pattern formation of ensembles of dry self-propelled rods governed by short-ranged, contact mediated interactions and their wet counterparts that are also subject to long-ranged hydrodynamic flows. Altogether, self-propelled rods provide an overarching theme covering many aspects of active matter containing well-explored limiting cases. Their collective behavior not only bridges the well-studied regimes of polar selfpropelled particles and active nematics, and includes active phase separation, but also reveals a rich variety of new patterns.
KW  - collective motion
KW  - statistical physics
KW  - biological physics
KW  - nonequilibrium physics
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611
SN  - 1947-5454
SN  - 1947-5462
VL  - 11
SP  - 441
EP  - 466
PB  - Annual Reviews
CY  - Palo Alto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Tübbicke, Stefan
T1  - New evidence on long-term effects of start-up subsidies
BT  - matching estimates and their robustness
JF  - Empirical economics
N2  - The German start-up subsidy (SUS) program for the unemployed has recently undergone a major makeover, altering its institutional setup, adding an additional layer of selection and leading to ambiguous predictions of the program's effectiveness. Using propensity score matching (PSM) as our main empirical approach, we provide estimates of long-term effects of the post-reform subsidy on individual employment prospects and labor market earnings up to 40 months after entering the program. Our results suggest large and persistent long-term effects of the subsidy on employment probabilities and net earned income. These effects are larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Extensive sensitivity analyses within the standard PSM framework reveal that the results are robust to different choices regarding the implementation of the weighting procedure and also with respect to deviations from the conditional independence assumption. As a further assessment of the results' sensitivity, we go beyond the standard selection-on-observables approach and employ an instrumental variable setup using regional variation in the likelihood of receiving treatment. Here, we exploit the fact that the reform increased the discretionary power of local employment agencies in allocating active labor market policy funds, allowing us to obtain a measure of local preferences for SUS as the program of choice. The results based on this approach give rise to similar estimates. Thus, our results indicating that SUS are still an effective active labor market program after the reform do not appear to be driven by "hidden bias."
KW  - start-up subsidies
KW  - policy reform
KW  - matching
KW  - instrumental variables
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01701-9
SN  - 0377-7332
SN  - 1435-8921
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1631
PB  - Physica-Verlag
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mink, Albert
A1  - McHardy, Christopher
A1  - Bressel, Lena
A1  - Rauh, Cornelia
A1  - Krause, Mathias J.
T1  - Radiative transfer lattice Boltzmann methods
BT  - 3D models and their performance in different regimes of radiative transfer
JF  - Journal of quantitative spectroscopy & radiative transfer
N2  - The numerical prediction of radiative transport is a challenging task due to the complexity of the radiative transport equation. We apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), originally developed for fluid flow problems, to solve the radiative transport in volume. One model (meso RTLBM) is derived directly from a discretization of the radiative transport equation, yielding in a precise but numerical costly scheme. The second model (macro RTLBM) solves the Helmholtz equation, which is a proper approximation for highly scattering volumes. Both numerical algorithms are validated against Monte-Carlo data for a set of 35 optical parameters, which correspond to radiative transport ranging from ballistic to diffuse regimes. Together with a set of four benchmark simulations, the comprehensive validation concludes the overall quality and detects asymptotic trends for radiative transport LBM. Furthermore, an accuracy map is presented, which summarizes the error for all parameters. This graph allows to determine the validity range for both radiative transport LBM at a glance. Finally, comprehensive guidelines are formulated to facilitate the choice of the radiative transport LBM model.
KW  - Radiative transport
KW  - Lattice Boltzmann methods
KW  - Monte-Carlo
KW  - Analysis scattering kernel
KW  - Optical parameter set
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106810
SN  - 0022-4073
SN  - 1879-1352
VL  - 243
PB  - Pergamon Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perera, Upeksha
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - Solutions of Direct and Inverse Even-Order Sturm-Liouville Problems Using Magnus Expansion
JF  - Mathematics
N2  - In this paper Lie group method in combination with Magnus expansion is utilized to develop a universal method applicable to solving a Sturm–Liouville problem (SLP) of any order with arbitrary boundary conditions. It is shown that the method has ability to solve direct regular (and some singular) SLPs of even orders (tested for up to eight), with a mix of (including non-separable and finite singular endpoints) boundary conditions, accurately and efficiently. The present technique is successfully applied to overcome the difficulties in finding suitable sets of eigenvalues so that the inverse SLP problem can be effectively solved. The inverse SLP algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is utilized in combination with the Magnus method so that a direct SLP of any (even) order and an inverse SLP of order two can be solved effectively.
KW  - higher-order Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - inverse Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - Magnus expansion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7060544
SN  - 2227-7390
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pornsawad, Pornsarp
A1  - Sapsakul, Nantawan
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - A modified asymptotical regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems
JF  - Mathematics
N2  - In this paper, we investigate the continuous version of modified iterative Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear inverse ill-posed problems proposed in a previous work. The convergence analysis is proved under the tangential cone condition, a modified discrepancy principle, i.e., the stopping time T is a solution of ∥𝐹(𝑥𝛿(𝑇))−𝑦𝛿∥=𝜏𝛿+ for some 𝛿+>𝛿, and an appropriate source condition. We yield the optimal rate of convergence.
KW  - nonlinear operator
KW  - regularization
KW  - discrepancy principle
KW  - asymptotic method
KW  - optimal rate
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7050419
SN  - 2227-7390
VL  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Keller, Matthias
A1  - Pinchover, Yehuda
A1  - Pogorzelski, Felix
T1  - Criticality theory for Schrödinger operators on graphs
JF  - Journal of spectral theory
N2  - We study Schrodinger operators given by positive quadratic forms on infinite graphs. From there, we develop a criticality theory for Schrodinger operators on general weighted graphs.
KW  - green function
KW  - ground state
KW  - positive solutions
KW  - discrete Schrodinger
KW  - operators
KW  - weighted graphs
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4171/JST/286
SN  - 1664-039X
SN  - 1664-0403
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 73
EP  - 114
PB  - European Mathematical Society
CY  - Zürich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sobczyk, Artur
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Georgieva, Viktoria
T1  - Meso-Cenozoic cooling and exhumation history of the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome (Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif, Central Europe)
BT  - insights from apatite fission-track thermochronometry
JF  - Terra nova
N2  - This study presents the first suite of apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the SE part of the Western Sudetes. AFT cooling ages from the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome and the Upper Nysa Klodzka Graben range from Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) to Early Palaeocene-Middle Eocene (64-45 Ma). The first stage of basin evolution (similar to 100-90 Ma) was marked by the formation of a local extensional depocentre and disruption of the Mesozoic planation surface. Subsequent far-field convergence of European microplates resulted in Coniacian-Santonian (similar to 89-83 Ma) thrust faulting. AFT data from both metamorphic basement and Mesozoic sedimentary cover indicate homogenous Late Cretaceous burial of the entire Western Sudetes. Thermal history modeling suggests that the onset of cooling could be constrained between 89 and 63 Ma with a climax during the Palaeocene-Middle Eocene basin inversion phase.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12449
SN  - 0954-4879
SN  - 1365-3121
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 122
EP  - 133
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Robert C.
A1  - Matthias, Katja
A1  - Pieper, Dawid
A1  - Wegewitz, Uta
A1  - Morche, Johannes
A1  - Nocon, Marc
A1  - Rissling, Olesja
A1  - Schirm, Jacqueline
A1  - Freitag, Simone
A1  - Jacobs, Anja
T1  - AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating
BT  - lacking discriminating capacity or requirement of high methodological quality?
JF  - Journal of clinical epidemiology : including pharmacoepidemiology reports
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.006
SN  - 0895-4356
SN  - 1878-5921
VL  - 119
SP  - 142
EP  - 144
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei-shi
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
A1  - Gräff, Thomas
A1  - Lensing, Hermann Josef
A1  - Liu, Tie
A1  - Strasser, Daniel
A1  - Munz, Matthias
T1  - Impact of river reconstruction on groundwater flow during bank filtration assessed by transient three-dimensional modelling of flow and heat transport
JF  - Hydrogeology journal : official journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists
N2  - Bank filtration (BF) is an established indirect water-treatment technology. The quality of water gained via BF depends on the subsurface capture zone, the mixing ratio (river water versus ambient groundwater), spatial and temporal distribution of subsurface travel times, and subsurface temperature patterns. Surface-water infiltration into the adjacent aquifer is determined by the local hydraulic gradient and riverbed permeability, which could be altered by natural clogging, scouring and artificial decolmation processes. The seasonal behaviour of a BF system in Germany, and its development during and about 6 months after decolmation (canal reconstruction), was observed with a long-term monitoring programme. To quantify the spatial and temporal variation in the BF system, a transient flow and heat transport model was implemented and two model scenarios, 'with' and 'without' canal reconstruction, were generated. Overall, the simulated water heads and temperatures matched those observed. Increased hydraulic connection between the canal and aquifer caused by the canal reconstruction led to an increase of similar to 23% in the already high share of BF water abstracted by the nearby waterworks. Subsurface travel-time distribution substantially shifted towards shorter travel times. Flow paths with travel times <200 days increased by similar to 10% and those with <300 days by 15%. Generally, the periodic temperature signal, and the summer and winter temperature extrema, increased and penetrated deeper into the aquifer. The joint hydrological and thermal effects caused by the canal reconstruction might increase the potential of biodegradable compounds to further penetrate into the aquifer, also by potentially affecting the redox zonation in the aquifer.
KW  - bank filtration
KW  - groundwater
KW  - surface-water relations
KW  - groundwater modelling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02063-3
SN  - 1431-2174
SN  - 1435-0157
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 723
EP  - 743
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Migration, gender and religion
JF  - Populism and the crisis of democracy
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-11-3809-135-1
VL  - 3
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Meister, Ramona
A1  - Maass, Ulrike
A1  - Paunov, Tatjana
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - How reliable are therapeutic competence ratings?
BT  - results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - Cognitive therapy and research
N2  - Assessments of psychotherapeutic competencies play a crucial role in research and training. However, research on the reliability and validity of such assessments is sparse. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence and to provide an average interrater reliability (IRR) of psychotherapeutic competence ratings. A systematic review was conducted, and 20 studies reported in 32 publications were collected. These 20 studies were included in a narrative synthesis, and 20 coefficients were entered into the meta-analysis. Most primary studies referred to cognitive-behavioral therapies and the treatment of depression, used the Cognitive Therapy Scale, based ratings on videos, and trained the raters. Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled ICC of 0.82, but at the same time severe heterogeneity. The evidence map highlighted a variety of variables related to competence assessments. Further aspects influencing the reliability of competence ratings and regarding the considerable heterogeneity are discussed in detail throughout the manuscript.
KW  - competency
KW  - therapist competence
KW  - adherence
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - assessment
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10056-5
SN  - 0147-5916
SN  - 1573-2819
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SP  - 241
EP  - 257
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Concepts and theory
JF  - Populism and the crisis of democracy
N2  - There is no threat to Western democracies today comparable to the rise of right-wing populism. While it has played an increasing role at least since the 1990s, only the social consequences of the global financial crises in 2008 have given it its break that led to UK’s ‘Brexit’ and the election of Donald Trump as US President in 2016, as well as promoting what has been called left populism in countries that were hit the hardest by both the banking crisis and consequential neo-liberal austerity politics in the EU, such as Greece and Portugal.

In 2017, the French Front National (FN) attracted many voters in the French Presidential elections; we have seen the radicalization of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and the formation of centre-right government in Austria. Further, we have witnessed the consolidation of autocratic regimes, as in the EU member states Poland and Greece. All these manifestations of right-wing populism share a common feature: they attack or even compromise the core elements of democratic societies such as the separation of powers, protection of minorities, or the rule of law.

Despite a broad debate on the re-emergence of ‘populism’ in the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century that has brought forth many interesting findings, a lack of sociological reasoning cannot be denied, as sociology itself withdrew from theorising populism decades ago and largely left the field to political sciences and history. In a sense, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy considers itself  a contribution to begin filling this lacuna. Written in a direct and clear style, this set of volumes will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies.

This volume Concepts and Theory offers new and fresh perspectives on the debate on populism. Starting from complaints about the problems of conceptualising populism that in recent years have begun to revolve around themselves, the chapters offer a fundamental critique of the term and concept of populism, theoretically inspired typologies and descriptions of currently dominant concepts, and ways to elaborate on them. With regard to theory, the volume offers approaches that exceed the disciplinary horizon of political science that so far has dominated the debate. As sociological theory so far has been more or less absent in the debate on populism, only few efforts have been made to discuss populism more intensely within different theoretical contexts in order to explain its dynamics and processes. Thus, this volume offers critical views on the debate on populism from the perspectives of political economy and the analysis of critical historical events, the links of analyses of populism with social movement mobilisation, the significance of ‘superfluous populations’ in the rise of populism and an analysis of the exclusionary character of populism from the perspective of the theory of social closure.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-138-09136-8
SN  - 978-1-315-10807-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315108070
VL  - 1
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
A1  - Leumann, Sandra
T1  - How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice
BT  - insights from surveying 24-hour migrant home care workers
JF  - Survey methods : insights from the field
N2  - This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS.
KW  - hidden populations
KW  - illicit behaviours
KW  - practical implementation
KW  - respondent-driven sampling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009
SN  - 2296-4754
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Possible uses of nonprobability sampling for the social sciences
JF  - Survey methods : insights from the field
N2  - This paper compares the usability of data stemming from probability sampling with data stemming from nonprobability sampling. It develops six research scenarios that differ in their research goals and assumptions about the data generating process. It is shown that inferences from data stemming from nonprobability sampling implies demanding assumptions on the homogeneity of the units being studied. Researchers who are not willing to pose these assumptions are generally better off using data from probability sampling, regardless of the amount of nonresponse. However, even in cases when data from probability sampling is clearly advertised, data stemming from nonprobability sampling may contribute to the cumulative scientific endeavour of pinpointing a plausible interval for the parameter of interest.
KW  - Causal Inference
KW  - Descriptive Inference
KW  - Fit-for-purpose
KW  - Interactions
KW  - Nonprobability sample
KW  - PATE
KW  - Probability sample
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00014
SN  - 2296-4754
PB  - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph
A1  - Vink, Jorick S.
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
T1  - Driving classical Wolf-Rayet winds
BT  - a Gamma- and Z-dependent mass-loss
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Classical Wolf-Rayet (cWR) stars are at a crucial evolutionary stage for constraining the fates of massive stars. The feedback of these hot, hydrogen-depleted stars dominates their surrounding by tremendous injections of ionizing radiation and kinetic energy. The strength of a Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind decides the eventual mass of its remnant, likely a massive black hole. However, despite their major influence and importance for gravitational wave detection statistics, WR winds are particularly poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the first set of hydrodynamically consistent stellar atmosphere models for cWR stars of both the carbon (C) and the nitrogen (N) sequence, i.e. WC and WN stars, as a function of stellar luminosity-to-mass ratio (or Eddington Gamma) and metallicity. We demonstrate the inapplicability of the CAK wind theory for cWR stars and confirm earlier findings that their winds are launched at the (hot) iron (Fe) opacity peak. For log Z/Z(circle dot) > -2, Fe is also the main accelerator throughout the wind. Contrasting previous claims of a sharp lower mass-loss limit forWR stars, we obtain a smooth transition to optically thin winds. Furthermore, we find a strong dependence of the mass-loss rates on Eddington Gamma, both at solar and subsolar metallicity. Increases inWCcarbon and oxygen abundances turn out to slightly reduce the predicted mass-loss rates. Calculations at subsolar metallicities indicate that below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud, WR mass-loss rates decrease much faster than previously assumed, potentially allowing for high black hole masses even in the local Universe.
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: mass-loss
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3064
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 491
IS  - 3
SP  - 4406
EP  - 4425
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehring, Thomas
A1  - Dorsch, Christian
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Precedent and doctrine in organisational decision-making
BT  - the power of informal institutional rules in the United Nations Security Council’s activities on terrorism
JF  - Journal of international relations and development
N2  - We examine how and under what conditions informal institutional constraints, such as precedent and doctrine, are likely to affect collective choice within international organisations even in the absence of powerful bureaucratic agents. With a particular focus on the United Nations Security Council, we first develop a theoretical account of why such informal constraints might affect collective decisions even of powerful and strategically behaving actors. We show that precedents provide focal points that allow adopting collective decisions in coordination situations despite diverging preferences. Reliance on previous cases creates tacitly evolving doctrine that may develop incrementally. Council decision-making is also likely to be facilitated by an institutional logic of escalation driven by institutional constraints following from the typically staged response to crisis situations. We explore the usefulness of our theoretical argument with evidence from the Council doctrine on terrorism that has evolved since 1985. The key decisions studied include the 1992 sanctions resolution against Libya and the 2001 Council response to the 9/11 attacks. We conclude that, even within intergovernmentally structured international organisations, member states do not operate on a clean slate, but in a highly institutionalised environment that shapes their opportunities for action.
KW  - decision-making
KW  - doctrine
KW  - international organisations
KW  - precedent
KW  - Security Council
KW  - terrorism
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-017-0101-5
SN  - 1581-1980
SN  - 1408-6980
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 135
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kalinowski, Eva
A1  - Egert, Franziska
A1  - Gronostaj, Anna
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - Professional development on fostering students’ academic language proficiency across the curriculum
BT  - a meta-analysis of its impact on teachers’ cognition and teaching practices
JF  - Teaching and teacher education
N2  - This meta-analysis aggregates effects from 10 studies evaluating professional development interventions aimed at qualifying in-service teachers to support their students in mastering academic language skills while teaching their respective subject areas. The analysis of a subset of studies revealed a small non-significant weighted training effect on teachers' cognition (g' = 0.21, SE = 0.14). An effect aggregation including all studies (with 650 teachers) revealed a medium to large weighted overall effect on teachers' classroom practices (g' = 0.71, SE = 0.16). Methodological variables moderated the effect magnitude. Nevertheless, the results suggest professional development is beneficial for improving teachers' practice.
KW  - professional development
KW  - language
KW  - cross-curriculum
KW  - content areas
KW  - in-service teacher training
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102971
SN  - 0742-051X
VL  - 88
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Draisbach, Uwe
A1  - Christen, Peter
A1  - Naumann, Felix
T1  - Transforming pairwise duplicates to entity clusters for high-quality duplicate detection
JF  - ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality
N2  - Duplicate detection algorithms produce clusters of database records, each cluster representing a single real-world entity. As most of these algorithms use pairwise comparisons, the resulting (transitive) clusters can be inconsistent: Not all records within a cluster are sufficiently similar to be classified as duplicate. Thus, one of many subsequent clustering algorithms can further improve the result. <br /> We explain in detail, compare, and evaluate many of these algorithms and introduce three new clustering algorithms in the specific context of duplicate detection. Two of our three new algorithms use the structure of the input graph to create consistent clusters. Our third algorithm, and many other clustering algorithms, focus on the edge weights, instead. For evaluation, in contrast to related work, we experiment on true real-world datasets, and in addition examine in great detail various pair-selection strategies used in practice. While no overall winner emerges, we are able to identify best approaches for different situations. In scenarios with larger clusters, our proposed algorithm, Extended Maximum Clique Clustering (EMCC), and Markov Clustering show the best results. EMCC especially outperforms Markov Clustering regarding the precision of the results and additionally has the advantage that it can also be used in scenarios where edge weights are not available.
KW  - Record linkage
KW  - data matching
KW  - entity resolution
KW  - deduplication
KW  - clustering
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3352591
SN  - 1936-1955
SN  - 1936-1963
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schüffler, Arnulf
A1  - Thim, Christof
A1  - Haase, Jennifer
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
A1  - Kluge, Annette
T1  - Information processing in work environment 4.0 and the beneficial impact of intentional forgetting on change management
T1  - Informationsverarbeitung in der Industrie 4.0 und die vorteilhafte Wirkung von intentionalem Vergessen für das Change Management
JF  - Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie : german journal of work and organizational psychology
N2  - Industry 4.0, based on increasingly progressive digitalization, is a global phenomenon that affects every part of our work. The Internet of Things (IoT) is pushing the process of automation, culminating in the total autonomy of cyber-physical systems. This process is accompanied by a massive amount of data, information, and new dimensions of flexibility. As the amount of available data increases, their specific timeliness decreases. Mastering Industry 4.0 requires humans to master the new dimensions of information and to adapt to relevant ongoing changes. Intentional forgetting can make a difference in this context, as it discards nonprevailing information and actions in favor of prevailing ones. Intentional forgetting is the basis of any adaptation to change, as it ensures that nonprevailing memory items are not retrieved while prevailing ones are retained. This study presents a novel experimental approach that was introduced in a learning factory (the Research and Application Center Industry 4.0) to investigate intentional forgetting as it applies to production routines. In the first experiment (N = 18), in which the participants collectively performed 3046 routine related actions (t1 = 1402, t2 = 1644), the results showed that highly proceduralized actions were more difficult to forget than actions that were less well-learned. Additionally, we found that the quality of cues that trigger the execution of routine actions had no effect on the extent of intentional forgetting.
N2  - Industrie 4.0 ist basierend auf fortschreitender Digitalisierung eine globale Entwicklung, die in allen Bereichen uns heute bekannter Arbeits- und Lebenswelten Einzug halten wird. Das Internet der Dinge beschleunigt Automatisierung bis hin zu autonomen cyber-physischen Systemen. Dieser Prozess wird begleitet von einer weiteren Zunahme von Daten. Gleichzeitig reduziert sich die Aktualität der Daten und damit die Dauer ihrer Relevanz. Die Herausforderungen im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0 zu meistern bedeutet für Menschen in Organisationen diese wachsenden Datenmengen und Anpassung an fortwährende Veränderung zu bewältigen. Intentionales Vergessen kann hier unterstützen. Intentionales Vergessen fokussiert das Vergessen irrelevanter Informationen und Verhaltensweisen zu Gunsten relevanter. In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen experimentellen Ansatz zur Erforschung von Prozessen des intentionalen Vergessens in Organisationen in einer Laborumgebung (Anwendungszentrum Industrie 4.0) vor. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vergessen einer ungültig gewordenen Produktions-Routine und das Ausführen der neuen, jetzt gültigen. Wir beschreiben dabei zunächst das innovative experimentelle Design zur Untersuchung von Vergessensprozessen. In einer ersten Untersuchung mit N = 18 Personen, die insgesamt 3046 Handlungen zu t1 (1402) und t2 (1644) ausführen, zeigte sich, dass hoch gelernte (prozeduralisierte) Handlungen schwerer zu vergessen sind als ohnehin nicht prozeduralisierte. Es zeigt sich aber kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Art der Handlungen und der Hinweisreize, durch die sie aufgerufen werden.
KW  - intentional forgetting
KW  - retrieval cues
KW  - production routine
KW  - intentionales Vergessen
KW  - Produktions-Routine
KW  - Hinweisreize
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000307
SN  - 0932-4089
SN  - 2190-6270
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 29
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bilò, Davide
A1  - Lenzner, Pascal
T1  - On the tree conjecture for the network creation game
JF  - Theory of computing systems
N2  - Selfish Network Creation focuses on modeling real world networks from a game-theoretic point of view. One of the classic models by Fabrikant et al. (2003) is the network creation game, where agents correspond to nodes in a network which buy incident edges for the price of alpha per edge to minimize their total distance to all other nodes. The model is well-studied but still has intriguing open problems. The most famous conjectures state that the price of anarchy is constant for all alpha and that for alpha >= n all equilibrium networks are trees. We introduce a novel technique for analyzing stable networks for high edge-price alpha and employ it to improve on the best known bound for the latter conjecture. In particular we show that for alpha > 4n - 13 all equilibrium networks must be trees, which implies a constant price of anarchy for this range of alpha. Moreover, we also improve the constant upper bound on the price of anarchy for equilibrium trees.
KW  - network creation games
KW  - price of anarchy
KW  - tree conjecture
KW  - algorithmic
KW  - game theory
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-019-09945-9
SN  - 1432-4350
SN  - 1433-0490
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
SP  - 422
EP  - 443
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehring, Thomas
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Constitutive mechanisms of UN Security Council practices
BT  - precedent pressure, ratchet effect, and council action regarding intrastate conflicts
JF  - Review of International Studies
N2  - Based upon the current debate on international practices with its focus on taken-for-granted everyday practices, we examine how Security Council practices may affect member state action and collective decisions on intrastate conflicts. We outline a concept that integrates the structuring effect of practices and their emergence from interaction among reflective actors. It promises to overcome the unresolved tension between understanding practices as a social regularity and as a fluid entity. We analyse the constitutive mechanisms of two Council practices that affect collective decisions on intrastate conflicts and elucidate how even reflective Council members become enmeshed with the constraining implications of evolving practices and their normative implications. (1) Previous Council decisions create precedent pressure and give rise to a virtually uncontested permissive Council practice that defines the purview for intervention into such conflicts. (2) A ratcheting practice forces opponents to choose between accepting steadily reinforced Council action, as occurred regarding Sudan/Darfur, and outright blockade, as in the case of Syria. We conclude that practices constitute a source of influence that is not captured by the traditional perspectives on Council activities as the consequence of geopolitical interests or of externally evolving international norms like the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P).
KW  - Security Council
KW  - International Practices
KW  - Constitutive Mechanism
KW  - Responsibility to Protect
KW  - Precedent
KW  - Ratchet Effect
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210518000268
SN  - 0260-2105
SN  - 1469-9044
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 120
EP  - 140
PB  - Univ.
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leib, Julia
T1  - The security and justice approach in liberia’s peace process
BT  - mechanistic evidence and local perception
JF  - Peace economics, peace science, and public policy
N2  - From the international perspective, the peace process in Liberia has generally been described as a successful model for international peacebuilding interventions. But how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country? The aim of this paper is to complement an institutionalist approach looking at the security and justice mechanism in Liberia with some insights into local perceptions in order to answer the following question: how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country and which institutions have been supportive for the establishment of sustaining peace? After briefly introducing the background of the Liberian conflict and the data collection, I present first results, analyzing the mechanism linking two peacebuilding institutions (peacekeeping and transitional justice) with the establishment of sustaining peace in Liberia.
KW  - Liberia
KW  - peace process
KW  - peacekeeping
KW  - process tracing
KW  - survey
KW  - transitional justice
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0033
SN  - 1554-8597
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars?
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000397
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 24
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Veh, Georg
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Walz, Ariane
T1  - Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : PNAS
N2  - Sustained glacier melt in the Himalayas has gradually spawned more than 5,000 glacier lakes that are dammed by potentially unstable moraines. When such dams break, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause catastrophic societal and geomorphic impacts. We present a robust probabilistic estimate of average GLOFs return periods in the Himalayan region, drawing on 5.4 billion simulations. We find that the 100-y outburst flood has an average volume of 33.5(+3.7)/(-3.7) x 10(6) m(3) (posterior mean and 95% highest density interval [HDI]) with a peak discharge of 15,600(+2.000)/(-1,800) m(3).S-1. Our estimated GLOF hazard is tied to the rate of historic lake outbursts and the number of present lakes, which both are highest in the Eastern Himalayas. There, the estimated 100-y GLOF discharge (similar to 14,500 m(3).s(-1)) is more than 3 times that of the adjacent Nyainqentanglha Mountains, and at least an order of magnitude higher than in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Western Himalayas. The GLOF hazard may increase in these regions that currently have large glaciers, but few lakes, if future projected ice loss generates more unstable moraine-dammed lakes than we recognize today. Flood peaks from GLOFs mostly attenuate within Himalayan headwaters, but can rival monsoon-fed discharges in major rivers hundreds to thousands of kilometers downstream. Projections of future hazard from meteorological floods need to account for the extreme runoffs during lake outbursts, given the increasing trends in population, infrastructure, and hydropower projects in Himalayan headwaters.
KW  - atmospheric warming
KW  - meltwater lakes
KW  - GLOF
KW  - extreme-value statistics
KW  - Bayesian modeling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914898117
SN  - 0027-8424
VL  - 117
IS  - 2
SP  - 907
EP  - 912
PB  - National Academy of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Vock, Miriam
A1  - Lazarides, Rebecca
T1  - Are more conscientious seventh- and ninth-graders less likely to be retained?
BT  - effects of big five personality traits on grade retention in two different age cohorts
JF  - Journal of applied developmental psychology : an internat. multidisciplinary
N2  - Previous research has identified students' personality traits, especially conscientiousness, as highly relevant predictors of academic success. Less is known about the role of Big Five personality traits in students when it comes to teachers' decisions about students' educational trajectories and whether personality traits differentially affect these decisions by teachers in different grade levels. This study examines to what extent students' Big Five personality traits affect teacher decisions on grade retention, looking at two cohorts of 12,146 ninth-grade and 6002 seventh-grade students from the German National Educational Panel Study. In both grade levels, multilevel logistic mediation models show that students' conscientiousness indirectly predicts grade retention through the assignment of grades by teachers. In the ninth-grade sample, students' conscientiousness was additionally a direct predictor of retention, distinct from teacher-assigned grades. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and explore whether teachers base their decisions on different indicators when retaining seventh-grade students or ninth-grade students.
KW  - grade retention
KW  - personality
KW  - gender
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - educational
KW  - large-scale study
KW  - educational achievement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101088
SN  - 0193-3973
VL  - 66
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - The 13 C chemical shift and the anisotropy effect of the carbene electron-deficient centre
BT  - simple means to characterize the electron distribution of carbenes
JF  - Magnetic resonance in chemistry
N2  - Both the C-13 chemical shift and the calculated anisotropy effect (spatial magnetic properties) of the electron-deficient centre of stable, crystalline, and structurally characterized carbenes have been employed to unequivocally characterize potential resonance contributors to the present mesomerism (carbene, ylide, betaine, and zwitter ion) and to determine quantitatively the electron deficiency of the corresponding carbene carbon atom. Prior to that, both structures and C-13 chemical shifts were calculated and compared with the experimental delta(C-13)/ppm values and geometry parameters (as a quality criterion for obtained structures).
KW  - C-13 chemical shift
KW  - carbenes
KW  - zwitterions
KW  - carbene electron deficiency
KW  - nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS)
KW  - through space NMR shieldings
KW  - (TSNMRS)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4979
SN  - 0749-1581
SN  - 1097-458X
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
SP  - 280
EP  - 292
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Seewann, Lena
T1  - Changing social stratification in Vienna
BT  - why are migrants declining from the middle of society?
JF  - Population, Space and Place
N2  - The social stratification systems of major cities are transforming all around the globe. International research has been discussing this trend and focus on changing occupational classes. However, the precise effects on urban households, taking social welfare and different family arrangements into account, as well as the precise effects on people with a migration background, remain unclear. Using the example of Vienna, this article examines immigration as a key dimension for social stratification. Although household income structures in Austria have remained comparatively stable over the past two decades, the middle-income share in Vienna (as the sole metropolis in Austria) has dramatically decreased. This predominantly affects people from migrant backgrounds. Using a comprehensive dataset (two waves, N = 16,700 participants, including N = 4,500 migrants), we systematically examine the role of (a) migration-specific and (b) education- and employment-related factors to explain the decline of middle-income migrants. The results of multinomial logistic regression and decomposition analyses suggest that transformations in the labour market is the main driving force. Changing migrant characteristics have counteracted this process. If today's migrants displayed similar showed characteristics (e.g., origin and educational levels) to those prevalent in the past decade, the ethnic stratification disparities would have been even stronger.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2215
SN  - 1544-8444
SN  - 1544-8452
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Kittel, Bernhard
A1  - Dellinger, Fanny
A1  - Liebhart, Christina
A1  - Schiestl, David
A1  - Haindorfer, Raimund
A1  - Liedl, Bernd
T1  - Finding your way into employment against all odds?
BT  - successful job search of refugees in Austria
JF  - Journal of ethnic and migration studies
N2  - Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees’ own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees’ personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the ‘apprenticeship’-system) interact with refugees’ agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees.
KW  - Refugees
KW  - job search
KW  - agency
KW  - social capital
KW  - human capital
KW  - Austria
Y1  - 2018
UR  - https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:937263
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1552826
SN  - 1369-183X
SN  - 1469-9451
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
SP  - 1401
EP  - 1418
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Liedl, Bernd
T1  - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
JF  - Comparative Sociology
N2  - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.
KW  - low-wage employment
KW  - gender inequality
KW  - labor market
KW  - Germany
KW  - Austria
KW  - Switzerland
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507
SN  - 1569-1330
SN  - 1569-1322
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 449
EP  - 448
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Quarmby, Andrew James
A1  - Khajooei, Mina
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - The feasibility of a split-belt instrumented treadmill running protocol with perturbations
JF  - Journal of biomechanics
N2  - Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol. <br /> Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD). <br /> On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5% for delay, 58 +/- 12% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25% to 332 +/- 305% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running.
KW  - Lower-extremity perturbations
KW  - Split-belt treadmill
KW  - Running
KW  - Stumbling
KW  - EMC
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109493
SN  - 0021-9290
SN  - 1873-2380
VL  - 98
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
T1  - Comparing sexuality-related cognitions, sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion in dating app users and non-users
JF  - Sexuality research & social policy
N2  - Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed.
KW  - dating app use
KW  - sexual scripts
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - acceptance of sexual
KW  - coercion
KW  - young adults
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00397-x
SN  - 1868-9884
SN  - 1553-6610
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 188
EP  - 198
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunde, Miriam N.
A1  - Martins, Renata Filipa
A1  - Premier, Joe
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Förster, Daniel W.
T1  - Population and landscape genetic analysis of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus
JF  - Conservation genetics
N2  - Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable or endangered species, such as the sun bear Helarctos malayanus. Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts. Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence (assignment probability >= 85%), providing valuable information for future bear reintroduction programs. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife protection of this threatened species.
KW  - Sun bear
KW  - Helarctos malayanus
KW  - Microsatellite
KW  - Population genetics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01233-w
SN  - 1566-0621
SN  - 1572-9737
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 123
EP  - 135
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jessen, Anna
A1  - Verissimo, João Marques
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Variability and consistency in late bilinguals’ morphology
BT  - an ERP production study
JF  - The mental lexicon
N2  - Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one’s first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words – by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants’ silent productions – and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers’ overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers.
KW  - event-related potentials (ERP)
KW  - plurals in compounds
KW  - morphological constraints
KW  - harmonic grammars
KW  - morphological processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.18002.jes
SN  - 1871-1340
SN  - 1871-1375
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 186
EP  - 214
PB  - John Benjamins Publishing Co.
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nie, Yan
A1  - Wang, Weiwei
A1  - Xu, Xun
A1  - Zou, Jie
A1  - Bhuvanesh, Thanga
A1  - Schulz, Burkhard
A1  - Ma, Nan
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Enhancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells adhesion through multilayer laminin coating
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - Bioengineered cell substrates are a highly promising tool to govern the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and to modulate the cellular behavior in vivo. While this technology works fine for adult stem cells, the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is challenging as these cells typically show poor attachment on the bioengineered substrates, which among other effects causes substantial cell death. Thus, very limited types of surfaces have been demonstrated suitable for hiPSC cultures. The multilayer coating approach that renders the surface with diverse chemical compositions, architectures, and functions can be used to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs on the bioengineered substrates. We hypothesized that a multilayer formation based on the attraction of molecules with opposite charges could functionalize the polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs. Polymeric substrates were stepwise coated, first with dopamine to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer, second with polylysine and last with Laminin-521. The multilayer formation resulted in the variation of hydrophilicity and chemical functionality of the surfaces. Hydrophilicity was detected using captive bubble method and the amount of primary and secondary amines on the surface was quantified by fluorescent staining. The PDA layer effectively immobilized the upper layers and thereby improved the attachment of hiPSCs. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the surfaces coated with multilayers, as compared to those without PDA and/or polylysine. Moreover, hiPSCs spread well over this multilayer laminin substrate. These cells maintained their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. The multilayer coating strategy is a promising attempt for engineering polymer-based substrates for the cultivation of hiPSCs and of interest for expanding the application scope of hiPSCs.
KW  - Polymeric substrate
KW  - surface coating
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
KW  - cell adhesion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189318
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
SP  - 531
EP  - 542
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kay, Alex James
T1  - Speaking the Unspeakable
BT  - The Portrayal of the Wannsee Conference in the Film Conspiracy
JF  - Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History
N2  - This article discusses the filmic representation of the infamous Wannsee Conference, when fifteen senior German officials met at a villa on the shore of a Berlin lake to discuss and co-ordinate the
implementation of the so-called final solution to the Jewish question. The understanding reached during the course of the ninety-minute meeting cleared the way for the Europe-wide killing of six million Jews. The article sets out to answer the principal challenge facing
anyone attempting to recreate the Wannsee Conference on film: what was the atmosphere of this conference and the attitude of the participants? Moreover, it discusses various ethical aspects related to the portrayal of evil, not in actions but in words, using the medium of film. In doing so, it focuses on the BBC/HBO television film Conspiracy (2001), directed by Frank Pierson, probing its historical accuracy and discussing its artistic credibility.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2019.1637492
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 187
EP  - 200
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon, Oxon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - A seamless filter for daily to seasonal forecasts, with applications to Iran and Brazil
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
N2  - A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
KW  - climate drift
KW  - ensemble prediction
KW  - seamless prediction
KW  - seasonal forecast skill
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 146
IS  - 726
PB  - WILEY-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breternitz, Joachim
A1  - Lehmann, Frederike
A1  - Barnett, Sarah A.
A1  - Nowell, Harriott
A1  - Schorr, Susan
T1  - Role of the Iodide-methylammonium interaction in the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3
JF  - Angewandte Chemie - international edition
N2  - Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lartey, Nathaniel
A1  - Tsiwah, Frank
A1  - Amponsah, Clement
A1  - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism
JF  - Aphasiology
N2  - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.
KW  - Agrammatism
KW  - focus constructions
KW  - (pronominal) resumption
KW  - clause determiner
KW  - Akan
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2019.1686746
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 343
EP  - 364
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Goethner, Maximilian
A1  - Weißenberger, Martin
T1  - Entrepreneurial persistence beyond survival: Measurement and determinants
JF  - Journal of Small Business Management
N2  - Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - startups
KW  - persistence
KW  - survival
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baesler, Jessica
A1  - Kopp, Johannes Florian
A1  - Pohl, Gabriele
A1  - Aschner, Michael
A1  - Haase, Hajo
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
T1  - Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans
JF  - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
N2  - While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD.
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Zinc
KW  - Zinc homeostasis
KW  - Parkinson disease
KW  - Labile zinc
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005
VL  - 55
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kulkarni, Girish
A1  - Worseck, Gabor
A1  - Hennawi, Joseph F.
T1  - Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Determinations of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts are important for constraining the AGN contribution to reionization and understanding the growth of supermassive black holes. Recent inferences of the luminosity function suffer from inconsistencies arising from inhomogeneous selection and analysis of data. We address this problem by constructing a sample of more than 80 000 colour-selected AGN from redshift z= 0 to 7.5 using multiple data sets homogenized to identical cosmologies, intrinsic AGN spectra, and magnitude systems. Using this sample, we derive the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift z= 0 to 7.5. The luminosity function has a double power-law form at all redshifts. The break magnitude M-* shows a steep brightening from M-* similar to -24 at z = 0.7 to M-* similar to -29 at z = 6. The faint-end slope beta significantly steepens from -1.9 at z < 2.2 to -2.4 at z similar or equal to 6. In spite of this steepening, the contribution of AGN to the hydrogen photoionization rate at z similar to 6 is subdominant (< 3 per cent), although it can be non-negligible (similar to 10 per cent) if these luminosity functions hold down to M-1450 = -18. Under reasonable assumptions, AGN can reionize He II by redshift z = 2.9. At low redshifts (z < 0.5), AGN can produce about half of the hydrogen photoionization rate inferred from the statistics of HI absorption lines in the intergalactic medium. Our analysis also reveals important systematic errors in the data, which need to be addressed and incorporated in the AGN selection function in future in order to improve our results. We make various fitting functions, codes, and data publicly available.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - quasars: general
KW  - dark ages, reionization, first stars
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1493
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 488
IS  - 1
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1065
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gong, Chen Chris
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
T1  - Low-dimensional dynamics for higher-order harmonic, globally coupled phase-oscillator ensembles
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - The Kuramoto model, despite its popularity as a mean-field theory for many synchronization phenomenon of oscillatory systems, is limited to a first-order harmonic coupling of phases. For higher-order coupling, there only exists a low-dimensional theory in the thermodynamic limit. In this paper, we extend the formulation used by Watanabe and Strogatz to obtain a low-dimensional description of a system of arbitrary size of identical oscillators coupled all-to-all via their higher-order modes. To demonstrate an application of the formulation, we use a second harmonic globally coupled model, with a mean-field equal to the square of the Kuramoto mean-field. This model is known to exhibit asymmetrical clustering in previous numerical studies. We try to explain the phenomenon of asymmetrical clustering using the analytical theory developed here, as well as discuss certain phenomena not observed at the level of first-order harmonic coupling.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.062210
SN  - 2470-0045
SN  - 2470-0053
VL  - 100
IS  - 6
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shen, Z.
A1  - Diercke, Andrea
A1  - Denker, Carsten
T1  - Calibration of full-disk He i 10 830 angstrom filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes
N2  - The Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) is a small 10-cm robotic telescope at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife (Spain), which observes the entire sun in Hα, Ca ii K, and He i 10 830 Å. We present a new calibration method that includes limb-darkening correction, removal of nonuniform filter transmission, and determination of He i Doppler velocities. Chromospheric full-disk filtergrams are often obtained with Lyot filters, which may display nonuniform transmission causing large-scale intensity variations across the solar disk. Removal of a 2D symmetric limb-darkening function from full-disk images results in a flat background. However, transmission artifacts remain and are even more distinct in these contrast-enhanced images. Zernike polynomials are uniquely appropriate to fit these large-scale intensity variations of the background. The Zernike coefficients show a distinct temporal evolution for ChroTel data, which is likely related to the telescope's alt-azimuth mount that introduces image rotation. In addition, applying this calibration to sets of seven filtergrams that cover the He i triplet facilitates the determination of chromospheric Doppler velocities. To validate the method, we use three datasets with varying levels of solar activity. The Doppler velocities are benchmarked with respect to cotemporal high-resolution spectroscopic data of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Furthermore, this technique can be applied to ChroTel Hα and Ca ii K data. The calibration method for ChroTel filtergrams can be easily adapted to other full-disk data exhibiting unwanted large-scale variations. The spectral region of the He i triplet is a primary choice for high-resolution near-infrared spectropolarimetry. Here, the improved calibration of ChroTel data will provide valuable context data.
KW  - methods: Data analysis
KW  - methods: Observational
KW  - Sun: Chromosphere
KW  - techniques: Image processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813536
SN  - 0004-6337
SN  - 1521-3994
VL  - 339
IS  - 9-10
SP  - 661
EP  - 671
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parfenteva, Olga
A1  - Groth, Detlef
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Zaharova, Maria F.
T1  - Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes
JF  - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie
N2  - Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found.
KW  - physical activity
KW  - professional and amateur athletes
KW  - children and adolescents
KW  - BMI
KW  - percentage of fat mass
KW  - FTO
KW  - aerobic sports activity
KW  - quantile regression
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943
SN  - 0003-5548
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
SP  - 401
EP  - 408
PB  - Schweizerbart
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Montemayor, Carlos
T1  - On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system
JF  - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary
N2  - A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000335
SN  - 0140-525X
SN  - 1469-1825
VL  - 42
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - López de Guereñu, Anna
A1  - Bastian, Philipp
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - John, Leonard
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
T1  - Energy Transfer between Tm-Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles and a Small Organic Dye with Large Stokes Shift
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) are being extensively studied for bioapplications due to their unique photoluminescence properties and low toxicity. Interest in RET applications involving UCNP is also increasing, but due to factors such as large sizes, ion emission distributions within the particles, and complicated energy transfer processes within the UCNP, there are still many questions to be answered. In this study, four types of core and core-shell NaYF4-based UCNP co-doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ as sensitizer and activator, respectively, were investigated as donors for the Methyl 5-(8-decanoylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d ']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4-yl)-5-oxopentanoate (DBD-6) dye. The possibility of resonance energy transfer (RET) between UCNP and the DBD-6 attached to their surface was demonstrated based on the comparison of luminescence intensities, band ratios, and decay kinetics. The architecture of UCNP influenced both the luminescence properties and the energy transfer to the dye: UCNP with an inert shell were the brightest, but their RET efficiency was the lowest (17%). Nanoparticles with Tm3+ only in the shell have revealed the highest RET efficiencies (up to 51%) despite the compromised luminescence due to surface quenching.
KW  - resonance energy transfer
KW  - DBD dye
KW  - core shell UCNP
KW  - time-resolved luminescence
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010009
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Unuabonah, Emmanuel
A1  - Nöske, Robert
A1  - Weber, Jens
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water
JF  - Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
N2  - A new micro/mesoporous hybrid clay nanocomposite prepared from kaolinite clay, Carica papaya seeds, and ZnCl2 via calcination in an inert atmosphere is presented. Regardless of the synthesis temperature, the specific surface area of the nanocomposite material is between approximate to 150 and 300 m(2)/g. The material contains both micro- and mesopores in roughly equal amounts. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest the formation of several new bonds in the materials upon reaction of the precursors, thus confirming the formation of a new hybrid material. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis confirm the presence of carbonaceous matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 degrees C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible.
KW  - 4-nitrophenol
KW  - Carica papaya seeds
KW  - clay
KW  - E. coli
KW  - micro/mesoporous
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - water remediation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.11
SN  - 2190-4286
VL  - 10
SP  - 119
EP  - 131
PB  - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
CY  - Frankfurt, Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wickert, Andrew D.
A1  - Schildgen, Taylor F.
T1  - Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift rate, and steepness increases with an increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: to match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine - typically rapidly - and valleys typically should widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width-discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 43
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perkins, Daniel M.
A1  - Perna, Andrea
A1  - Adrian, Rita
A1  - Cermeno, Pedro
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
A1  - Huete-Ortega, Maria
A1  - White, Ethan P.
A1  - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel
T1  - Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sroka, Pavel
A1  - Godunko, Roman J.
A1  - Rutschmann, Sereina
A1  - Angeli, Kamila B.
A1  - Salles, Frederico F.
A1  - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc
T1  - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
BT  - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies
JF  - Zoosytematics and evolution
N2  - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum.
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Cloeodes complex
KW  - Chopralla
KW  - integrative taxonomy
KW  - Middle East
KW  - new species
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
SN  - 1860-0743
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Pensoft Publ.
CY  - Sofia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menzel, Ralf
A1  - Heuer, Axel
A1  - Milonni, Peter W.
T1  - Entanglement, Complementarity, and Vacuum Fields in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
JF  - Atoms
N2  - Using two crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a parallel setup, we observe two-photon interference with high visibility. The high visibility is consistent with complementarity and the absence of which-path information. The observations are explained as the effects of entanglement or equivalently in terms of interfering probability amplitudes and also by the calculation of a second-order field correlation function in the Heisenberg picture. The latter approach brings out explicitly the role of the vacuum fields in the down-conversion at the crystals and in the photon coincidence counting. For comparison, we show that the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip can be explained by the same approach in which the role of the vacuum signal and idler fields, as opposed to entanglement involving vacuum states, is emphasized. We discuss the fundamental limitations of a theory in which these vacuum fields are treated as classical, stochastic fields.
KW  - complementarity
KW  - vacuum fields
KW  - entanglement
KW  - Hong-Ou-Mandel effect
KW  - spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms7010027
SN  - 2218-2004
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thapa, Samudrajit
A1  - Lukat, Nils
A1  - Selhuber-Unkel, Christine
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Transient superdiffusion of polydisperse vacuoles in highly motile amoeboid cells
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - We perform a detailed statistical analysis of diffusive trajectories of membrane-enclosed vesicles (vacuoles) in the supercrowded cytoplasm of living Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. From the vacuole traces recorded in the center-of-area frame of moving amoebae, we examine the statistics of the time-averaged mean-squared displacements of vacuoles, their generalized diffusion coefficients and anomalous scaling exponents, the ergodicity breaking parameter, the non-Gaussian features of displacement distributions of vacuoles, the displacement autocorrelation function, as well as the distributions of speeds and positions of vacuoles inside the amoeba cells. Our findings deliver novel insights into the internal dynamics of cellular structures in these infectious pathogens. Published under license by AIP Publishing.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086269
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 150
IS  - 14
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, K. P.
A1  - Hoffmann, J. E.
A1  - Münker, C.
A1  - Patyniak, Magda
A1  - Sprung, P.
A1  - Roerdink, D.
A1  - Garbe-Schönberg, D.
A1  - Kröner, A.
T1  - Petrogenetic evolution of metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa)
JF  - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry
N2  - A well-preserved sequence, by Archean standards, of mantle-derived metabasalts and metakomatiites forms large parts of the lower Onverwacht Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa). To elucidate the origin of mafic and ultramafic rocks from this 3.55 to 3.45 Ga sequence, we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset including major and trace elements as well as Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions for a variety of metavolcanic rocks. These include metabasalts of the amphibolite-facies Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations as well as metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower greenschist-facies Komati Formation. Based on their incompatible trace element patterns, the basalts of the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations can be subdivided into a light rare earth element (LREE) depleted group, a LREE-undepleted group, and a LREE-enriched group. Positive epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values of ca. +3 to +4 and 0 to +2, respectively, together with depletions in Th and La-CN/Yb-CN indicate derivation of the LREE-depleted basalts from a depleted mantle source. However, chondritic epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values combined with positive Th and La-CN/Yb-CN of the LREE-enriched samples indicate a contribution from older granitoid crust in the petrogenesis of these samples. Trace element patterns of komatiites and basalts of the Komati Formation are generally flat relative to primitive mantle with slight depletions in heavy rare earth elements and Th and overall positive epsilon Hf-(t) of + 2.5 +/- 3.5 (2 s.d.) and epsilon Nd-(t) of + 0.5 +/- 2.2 (2 s. d.). The coherence in trace element characteristics suggests a common magmatic origin for basalts and komatiites. This study reveals that the two lavas were derived from the same mantle plume, i. e. komatiites were formed by high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source containing residual garnet and the basalts were formed by moderate degrees of partial melting in shallower regions of the mantle. Based on the current dataset, combined with published data, we propose a geodynamic model for the oldest units of the Barberton Greenstone Belt that describes the development from a submerged continental setting (for the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations) to a submarine plateau setting (for the Komati Formation) as a consequence of continental rifting.
KW  - Paleoarchean
KW  - Assimilation-fractional crystallization
KW  - Mantle source
KW  - Ancient Gneiss Complex
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.020
SN  - 0009-2541
SN  - 1872-6836
VL  - 511
SP  - 152
EP  - 177
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saretia, Shivam
A1  - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel
A1  - Schulz, Burkhard
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Reversible 2D networks of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) at the air-water interface
JF  - Biomedical Materials
N2  - Hydroxyl terminated oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) monolayers were reversibly cross-linked forming two dimensional networks (2D) at the air-water interface. The equilibrium reaction with glyoxal as the cross-linker is pH-sensitive. Pronounced contraction in the area of the prepared 2DOCL films in dependence of surface pressure and time revealed the process of the reaction. Cross-linking inhibited crystallization and retarded enzymatic degradation of the OCLfilm. Altering the subphase pH led to a cleavage of the covalent acetal cross-links. The reversibility of the covalent acetal cross-links was proved by observing an identical isotherm as non-cross-linked sample. Besides as model systems, these customizable reversible OCL2D networks are intended for use as pHresponsive drug delivery systems or functionalized cell culture substrates.
KW  - poly(epsilon-caprolactone)
KW  - langmuir monolayer
KW  - two dimensional network
KW  - crystallization
KW  - cross-linking
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ab0cef
SN  - 1748-6041
SN  - 1748-605X
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koelman, Liselot A.
A1  - Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga
A1  - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H.
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
T1  - Cytokines for evaluation of chronic inflammatory status in ageing research
BT  - reliability and phenotypic characterisation
JF  - Immunity & Ageing
N2  - Background: There is a growing interest in the role of inflammageing for chronic disease development. Cytokines are potent soluble immune mediators that can be used as target biomarkers of inflammageing; however, their measurement in human samples has been challenging. This study aimed to assess the reliability of a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine panel in a sample of healthy people measured with a novel electrochemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay platform (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD), and to characterize their associations with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes.
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Cytokines
KW  - Multiplex platforms
KW  - Inflammaging
KW  - Biomarkers
KW  - Ageing
KW  - BMI
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-019-0151-1
SN  - 1742-4933
VL  - 16
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soemer, Alexander
T1  - Task-unrelated thoughts and forgetting in working memory
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - The present article reports four experiments that investigated the effects of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) on forgetting in non-verbal working memory. Participants had to remember three non-verbal stimuli over unfilled retention intervals (RIs) and then judge whether or not a subsequently presented probe stimulus matched one of the to-be-remembered stimuli. Participants additionally responded to randomly appearing probes that measured different aspects of their TUT engagement during the RI of the preceding trial. Forgetting over unfilled RIs was observed in three of four experiments and reliably associated with the proportion of time spent on TUTs. In contrast, the visual and auditory nature of the TUTs and the number of different TUTs did not reliably predict forgetting. The results support the view that TUTs block attention-based processes that are needed for restoring decaying memory representations rather than an alternative account in terms of interference caused by the content of the TUTs.
KW  - Short-term memory
KW  - Working memory
KW  - Forgetting
KW  - Decay
KW  - Interference
KW  - Mind wandering
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.03.004
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 106
SP  - 118
EP  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Volkert, Dorothee
A1  - Kiesswetter, Eva
A1  - Cederholm, Tommy
A1  - Donini, Lorenzo M.
A1  - Egiseer, Doris
A1  - Norman, Kristina
A1  - Schneider, Stephane M.
A1  - Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette
A1  - Torbahn, Gabriel
A1  - Wirth, Rainer
A1  - Visser, Marjolein
T1  - Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons
BT  - A MaNuEL Project
JF  - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
N2  - In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub "Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL)," a model of "Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons" (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition.
KW  - older persons
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - determinants
KW  - etiology
KW  - model
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721419858438
SN  - 2333-7214
VL  - 5
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Greene, Chad A.
A1  - Thirumalai, Kaustubh
A1  - Kearney, Kelly A.
A1  - Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Wolfenbarger, Natalie S.
A1  - Thyng, Kristen M.
A1  - Gwyther, David E.
A1  - Gardner, Alex S.
A1  - Blankenship, Donald D.
T1  - The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - Climate science is highly interdisciplinary by nature, so understanding interactions between Earth processes inherently warrants the use of analytical software that can operate across the disciplines of Earth science. Toward this end, we present the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB, which contains more than 100 functions that span the major climate-related disciplines of Earth science. The toolbox enables streamlined, entirely scriptable workflows that are intuitive to write and easy to share. Included are functions to evaluate uncertainty, perform matrix operations, calculate climate indices, and generate common data displays. Documentation is presented pedagogically, with thorough explanations of how each function works and tutorials showing how the toolbox can be used to replicate results of published studies. As a well-tested, well-documented platform for interdisciplinary collaborations, the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB aims to reduce time spent writing low-level code, let researchers focus on physics rather than coding and encourage more efficacious code sharing. Plain Language Summary This article describes a collection of computer code that has recently been released to help scientists analyze many types of Earth science data. The code in this toolbox makes it easy to investigate things like global warming, El Nino, or other major climate-related processes such as how winds affect ocean circulation. Although the toolbox was designed to be used by expert climate scientists, its instruction manual is well written, and beginners may be able to learn a great deal about coding and Earth science, simply by following along with the provided examples. The toolbox is intended to help scientists save time, help them ensure their analysis is accurate, and make it easy for other scientists to repeat the results of previous studies.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008392
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 20
IS  - 7
SP  - 3774
EP  - 3781
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lopez, Jose P.
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Bellos, Laura I.
A1  - Günter, Christina
T1  - The Cumbres Calchaquies Range (NW-Argentina)
BT  - Geochemical sedimentary provenance, tectonic setting and metamorphic evolution of a Neoproterozoic sedimentary basin
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The Cumbres Calchaquies Range forms part of the Famatinian metamorphic basement of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. The sedimentary protoliths of the metamorphic sequence were deposited in a marine basin alongside the western margin of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic. New petrologic, geochemical and thermobarometric data give insight into the evolution of the sedimentary basin, its sediment source area, its later metamorphic overprint and its regional relationship to other parts of the Famatinian basement. The metamorphic series studied here consists of banded schists and gneisses and rare calcsilcate-rocks and migmatites that have been reworked by mid-to deep-crustal metamorphic and tectonic processes. The bulk rock compositions indicate shale, wacke, marl and litharenitic protoliths. The metamorphosed elastic sediments have major and trace element compositions indicating a continental granitoid-dominated source area with low sediment recycling. Low SiO2/Al2O3 ratios suggest a relatively low maturity of the sedimentary protoliths. Therefore, the Cumbres Calchaquies section represents a sequence of turbidity currents with progressive shallowing of the depositional environment, as indicated by quartz- and carbonate-rich sediments. The overall data are consistent with the geodynamic environment of a basin adjacent to a continental magmatic arc as the most probable scenario. Whereas the sedimentary protoliths of the metamorphic basement in the Sierra de Ancasti and Sierra de Aconquija, located ca 100-300 km south of the study area are interpreted as originating in an evolving back-arc basin, our results from the Cumbres Calchaquies region indicate a sedimentary source in a felsic continental arc with no significant influx of basic rocks. The Famatinian metamorphic evolution of the Cumbres Calchaquies rocks is of typical Barrow-type, culminating in partial melting of the metasediments. Conventional thermobarometry combined with thermodynamic models (pseudosections) reveal a prograde evolution reaching peak conditions of ca 665 degrees C/6.1 Kbar. This implies a geothermal gradient of ca 35 degrees C/km, which is slightly higher than the average for continental crust and suggests a period of crustal thinning, as known from back-arc basins, or additional heat supply by voluminous intrusions.
KW  - NW Argentina
KW  - Eastern Sierras Pampeanas
KW  - Cumbres Calchaquies
KW  - Geothermobarometry
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Metamorphic evolution
KW  - Provenance studies
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.03.016
SN  - 0895-9811
VL  - 93
SP  - 480
EP  - 494
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dräger, Nadine
A1  - Plessen, Birgit
A1  - Kienel, Ulrike
A1  - Siowinski, Michat
A1  - Ramisch, Arne
A1  - Tjallingii, Rik
A1  - Pinkerneil, Sylvia
A1  - Brauer, Achim
T1  - Hypolimnetic oxygen conditions influence varve preservation and delta C-13 of sediment organic matter in Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - Stable carbon isotopes of sediment organic matter (delta C-13(OM)) are widely applied in paleoenvironmental studies. Interpretations of delta C-13(OM), however, remain challenging and factors that influence delta C-13(OM) may not apply across all lakes. Common explanations for stratigraphic shifts in delta C-13(OM) include changes in lake productivity or changes in inputs of allochthonous OM. We investigated the influence of different oxygen conditions (oxic versus anoxic) on the delta C-13(OM) values in the sediments of Lake Tiefer See. We analysed (1) a long sediment core from the deepest part of the lake, (2) two short, sediment-water interface cores from shallower water depths, and (3) OM in the water column, i.e. from sediment traps. Fresh OM throughout the entire water column showed a relatively constant delta C-13(OM) value of approximately -30.5 parts per thousand. Similar values, about -31 parts per thousand, were obtained for well-varved sediments in both the long and short, sediment-water interface cores. In contrast, delta C-13(OM) values from non-varved sediments in all cores were significantly less negative (-29 parts per thousand). The delta C-13(OM) values in the sediment-water interface cores from different water depths differ for sediments of the same age, if oxygen conditions at the time of deposition were different at these sites, as suggested by the state of varve preservation. Sediments deposited from AD 1924 to 1980 at 62m water depth are varved and exhibit delta C-13(OM) values around -31 parts per thousand, whereas sediments of the same age in the core from 35m water depth are not varved and show less negative delta C-13(OM) values of about -29 parts per thousand. The relation between varve occurrence and delta C-13(OM) values suggests that delta C-13(OM) is associated with oxygen conditions because varve preservation depends on hypolimnetic anoxia. A mechanism that likely influences delta C-13(OM) is selective degradation of OM under oxic conditions, such that organic components with more negative delta C-13(OM) are preferably decomposed, leading to less negative delta C-13(OM) values in the remaining, undegraded OM pool. Greater decomposition of OM in non-varved sediments is supported by lower TOC concentrations in these deposits (similar to 5%) compared to well-varved sediments (similar to 15%). Even in lakes that display small variations in productivity and terrestrial OM input through time, large spatial and temporal differences in hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations may be an important factor controlling sediment delta C-13(OM).
KW  - Carbon stable isotopes
KW  - Hypolimnetic oxygen
KW  - Organic matter degradation
KW  - Varves
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-019-00084-2
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 194
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khodeir, Miriam
A1  - Ernould, Bruno
A1  - Brassinne, Jeremy
A1  - Ghiassinejad, Sina
A1  - Jia, He
A1  - Antoun, Sayed
A1  - Friebe, Christian
A1  - Schubert, Ulrich S.
A1  - Kochovski, Zdravko
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Van Ruymbeke, Evelyne
A1  - Gohy, Jean-Francois
T1  - Synthesis and characterisation of redox hydrogels based on stable nitroxide radicals
JF  - Soft matter
N2  - The principle of encapsulation/release of a guest molecule from stimuli responsive hydrogels (SRHs) is mainly realised with pH, temperature or light stimuli. However, only a limited number of redox responsive hydrogels have been investigated so far. We report here the development of a SRH that can release its guest molecule upon a redox stimulus. To obtain this redox hydrogel, we have introduced into the hydrogel the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) stable nitroxide radical, which can be reversibly oxidized into an oxoammonium cation (TEMPO+). Water solubility is provided by the presence of the (oligoethyleneglycol)methacrylate (OEGMA) comonomer. Electrochemical and mechanical characterization showed that those gels exhibit interesting physicochemical properties, making them very promising candidates for practical use in a wide range of applications.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00905a
SN  - 1744-683X
SN  - 1744-6848
VL  - 15
IS  - 31
SP  - 6418
EP  - 6426
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Xiaoxi
A1  - Foster, William J.
A1  - Yan, J.
A1  - Li, A.
A1  - Mutti, Maria
T1  - Delayed recovery of metazoan reefs on the Laibin-Heshan platform margin following the Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction
JF  - Global and planetary change
N2  - Following the Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction there was a global ‘reef eclipse’, and this event had an important role in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition of reef ecosystems. Furthermore, the recovery pattern of reef ecosystems in the Wuchiapingian of South China, before the radiation of Changhsingian reefs, is poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed sedimentological account of the Tieqiao section, South China, which records the only known Wuchiapingian reef setting from South China. Six reef growing phases were identified within six transgressive-regressive cycles. The cycles represent changes of deposition in a shallow basin to a subtidal outer platform setting, and the reefal build-ups are recorded in the shallowest part of the cycles above wave base in the euphotic zone. Our results show that the initial reef recovery started from the shallowing up part of the 1st cycle, within the Clarkina leveni conodont zone, which is two conodont zones earlier than previously recognized. In addition, even though metazoans, such as sponges, do become important in the development of the reef bodies, they are not a major component until later in the Wuchiapingian in the 5th and 6th transgressive-regressive cycles. This suggests a delayed recovery of metazoan reef ecosystems following the Middle Permian extinction. Furthermore, even though sponges do become abundant within the reefs, it is the presence and growth of the encrusters Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes and abundance of microbial micrites that play an important role in stabilizing the reef structures that form topographic highs.
KW  - Reefs
KW  - Mass extinction
KW  - Wuchiapingian
KW  - Archaeolithoporella
KW  - Permian
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.05.005
SN  - 0921-8181
SN  - 1872-6364
VL  - 180
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tötzke, Christian
A1  - Kardjilov, Nikolay
A1  - Lenoir, Nicolas
A1  - Manke, Ingo
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
A1  - Tengattini, Alessandro
T1  - What comes NeXT?
BT  - High-Speed Neutron Tomography at ILL
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics
N2  - Here, we report on a new record in the acquisition time for fast neutron tomography. With an optimized imaging setup, it was possible to acquire single radiographic projection images with 10 ms and full tomographies with 155 projections images and a physical spatial resolution of 200 mu m within 1.5 s. This is about 6.7 times faster than the current record. We used the technique to investigate the water infiltration in the soil with a living lupine root system. The fast imaging setup will be part of the future NeXT instrument at ILL in Grenoble with a great field of possible future applications. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.028640
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 27
IS  - 20
SP  - 28640
EP  - 28648
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hauser, Sandra
A1  - Wodtke, Robert
A1  - Tondera, Christoph
A1  - Wodtke, Johanna
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - Hampe, Jochen
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Löser, Reik
A1  - Pietzsch, Jens
T1  - Characterization of Tissue Transglutaminase as a Potential Biomarker for Tissue Response toward Biomaterials
JF  - ACS biomaterials science & engineering
N2  - Tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) is proposed to be important for biomaterial-tissue interactions due to its presence and versatile functions in the extracellular environment. TGase 2 catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins through its Ca2+-dependent acyltransferase activity. Moreover, it enhances the interactions between fibronectin and integrins, which in turn mediates the adhesion, migration, and motility of the cells. TGase 2 is also a key player in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether TGase 2 is present at the biomaterial tissue interface and might serve as an informative biomarker for the visualization of tissue response toward gelatin-based biomaterials. Two differently cross-linked hydrogels were used, which were obtained by the reaction of gelatin with lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester. The overall expression of TGase 2 by endothelial cells, macrophages, and granulocytes was partly influenced by contact to the hydrogels or their degradation products, although no clear correlation was evidenced. In contrast, the secretion of TGase 2 differed remarkably between the different cells, indicating that it might be involved in the cellular reaction toward gelatin-based hydrogels. The hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously in immunocompetent, hairless SKH1-Elite mice. Ex vivo immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections over 112 days revealed enhanced expression of TGase 2 around the hydrogels, in particular at days 14 and 21 post-implantation. The incorporation of fluorescently labeled cadaverine derivatives for the detection of active TGase 2 was in accordance with the results of the expression analysis. The presence of an irreversible inhibitor of TGase 2 led to attenuated incorporation of the cadaverines, which verified the catalytic action of TGase 2. Our in vitro and ex vivo results verified TGase 2 as a potential biomarker for tissue response toward gelatin-based hydrogels. In vivo, no TGase 2 activity was detectable, which is mainly attributed to the unfavorable physicochemical properties of the cadaverine probe used.
KW  - extracellular matrix modifying enzymes
KW  - gelatin-based hydrogels
KW  - biomaterial-tissue interface
KW  - polyamines
KW  - optical imaging
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01299
SN  - 2373-9878
VL  - 5
IS  - 11
SP  - 5979
EP  - 5989
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, Hassan E.
A1  - Adam, R.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, F. Ait
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Arakawa, M.
A1  - Arcaro, C.
A1  - Armand, C.
A1  - Ashkar, H.
A1  - Backes, M.
A1  - Martins, V. Barbosa
A1  - Barnard, M.
A1  - Becherini, Y.
A1  - Berge, D.
A1  - Bernloehr, K.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Blackwell, R.
A1  - Boettcher, M.
A1  - Boisson, C.
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bonnefoy, S.
A1  - Bregeon, J.
A1  - Breuhaus, M.
A1  - Brun, F.
A1  - Brun, P.
A1  - Bryan, M.
A1  - Buechele, M.
A1  - Bulik, T.
A1  - Bylund, T.
A1  - Capasso, M.
A1  - Caroff, S.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chand, T.
A1  - Chandra, S.
A1  - Chen, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, S.
A1  - Curylo, M.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Devin, J.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dirson, L.
A1  - Djannati-Atai, A.
A1  - Dmytriiev, A.
A1  - Donath, A.
A1  - Doroshenko, V
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Emery, G.
A1  - Ernenwein, J-P
A1  - Eschbach, S.
A1  - Feijen, K.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gabici, S.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Gate, F.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giunti, L.
A1  - Glawion, D.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, D.
A1  - Grondin, M-H
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Haupt, M.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hinton, J. A.
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hoischen, Clemens
A1  - Holch, T. L.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Huber, D.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, D.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jardin-Blicq, A.
A1  - Jung-Richardt, I
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katsuragawa, M.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Khangulyan, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - King, J.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kostunin, D.
A1  - Kreter, M.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J-P
A1  - Leser, Eva
A1  - Levy, C.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lypova, I
A1  - Mackey, J.
A1  - Majumdar, J.
A1  - Malyshev, D.
A1  - Marandon, V
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Mares, A.
A1  - Mariaud, C.
A1  - Marti-Devesa, G.
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Mitchell, A. M. W.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mohrmann, L.
A1  - Moore, C.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Muller, J.
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Nakashima, S.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Ndiyavala, H.
A1  - Niederwanger, F.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Perennes, C.
A1  - Petrucci, P-O
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Piel, Q.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poireau, V
A1  - Noel, A. Priyana
A1  - Prokhorov, D. A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Rauth, R.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Remy, Q.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rinchiuso, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Ruiz-Velasco, E.
A1  - Sahakian, V
A1  - Sailer, S.
A1  - Saito, S.
A1  - Sanchez, D. A.
A1  - Santangelo, A.
A1  - Sasaki, M.
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schussler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schutte, H. M.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Seglar-Arroyo, M.
A1  - Senniappan, M.
A1  - Seyffert, A. S.
A1  - Shafi, N.
A1  - Shiningayamwe, K.
A1  - Simoni, R.
A1  - Sinha, A.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Specovius, A.
A1  - Spir-Jacob, M.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Steppa, Constantin Beverly
A1  - Takahashi, T.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tiziani, D.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Tsirou, M.
A1  - Tsuji, N.
A1  - Tuffs, R.
A1  - Uchiyama, Y.
A1  - van der Walt, D. J.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Rensburg, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wadiasingh, Z.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Yoneda, H.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Zorn, J.
A1  - Zywucka, N.
A1  - de Palma, F.
A1  - Axelsson, M.
A1  - Roberts, O. J.
T1  - A very-high-energy component deep in the gamma-ray burst afterglow
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief flashes of gamma-rays and are considered to be the most energetic explosive phenomena in the Universe(1). The emission from GRBs comprises a short (typically tens of seconds) and bright prompt emission, followed by a much longer afterglow phase. During the afterglow phase, the shocked outflow-produced by the interaction between the ejected matter and the circumburst medium-slows down, and a gradual decrease in brightness is observed(2). GRBs typically emit most of their energy via.-rays with energies in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt range, but a few photons with energies of tens of gigaelectronvolts have been detected by space-based instruments(3). However, the origins of such high-energy (above one gigaelectronvolt) photons and the presence of very-high-energy (more than 100 gigaelectronvolts) emission have remained elusive(4). Here we report observations of very-high-energy emission in the bright GRB 180720B deep in the GRB afterglow-ten hours after the end of the prompt emission phase, when the X-ray flux had already decayed by four orders of magnitude. Two possible explanations exist for the observed radiation: inverse Compton emission and synchrotron emission of ultrarelativistic electrons. Our observations show that the energy fluxes in the X-ray and gamma-ray range and their photon indices remain comparable to each other throughout the afterglow. This discovery places distinct constraints on the GRB environment for both emission mechanisms, with the inverse Compton explanation alleviating the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. The late timing of this detection has consequences for the future observations of GRBs at the highest energies.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1743-9
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 575
IS  - 7783
SP  - 464
EP  - +
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rienks, Emile D. L.
A1  - Wimmer, S.
A1  - Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime
A1  - Caha, O.
A1  - Mandal, Partha Sarathi
A1  - Ruzicka, J.
A1  - Ney, A.
A1  - Steiner, H.
A1  - Volobuev, V. V.
A1  - Groiss, H.
A1  - Albu, M.
A1  - Kothleitner, G.
A1  - Michalicka, J.
A1  - Khan, S. A.
A1  - Minar, J.
A1  - Ebert, H.
A1  - Bauer, G.
A1  - Freyse, Friedrich
A1  - Varykhalov, Andrei
A1  - Rader, Oliver
A1  - Springholz, Gunther
T1  - Large magnetic gap at the Dirac point in Bi2Te3/MnBi2Te4 heterostructures
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Magnetically doped topological insulators enable the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), which provides quantized edge states for lossless charge-transport applications(1-8). The edge states are hosted by a magnetic energy gap at the Dirac point(2), but hitherto all attempts to observe this gap directly have been unsuccessful. Observing the gap is considered to be essential to overcoming the limitations of the QAHE, which so far occurs only at temperatures that are one to two orders of magnitude below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature, T-C (ref. (8)). Here we use low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy to unambiguously reveal the magnetic gap of Mn-doped Bi2Te3, which displays ferromagnetic out-of-plane spin texture and opens up only below T-C. Surprisingly, our analysis reveals large gap sizes at 1 kelvin of up to 90 millielectronvolts, which is five times larger than theoretically predicted(9). Using multiscale analysis we show that this enhancement is due to a remarkable structure modification induced by Mn doping: instead of a disordered impurity system, a self-organized alternating sequence of MnBi2Te4 septuple and Bi2Te3 quintuple layers is formed. This enhances the wavefunction overlap and size of the magnetic gap(10). Mn-doped Bi2Se3 (ref. (11)) and Mn-doped Sb2Te3 form similar heterostructures, but for Bi2Se3 only a nonmagnetic gap is formed and the magnetization is in the surface plane. This is explained by the smaller spin-orbit interaction by comparison with Mn-doped Bi2Te3. Our findings provide insights that will be crucial in pushing lossless transport in topological insulators towards room-temperature applications.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1826-7
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 576
IS  - 7787
SP  - 423
EP  - 428
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonache, Helena
A1  - Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura
A1  - Krahe, Barbara
T1  - Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim’s perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
KW  - attachment styles
KW  - conflict resolution
KW  - intimate partner violence
KW  - psychological abuse
KW  - sexual coercion
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640776
SN  - 0886-2605
SN  - 1552-6518
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 287
EP  - 309
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ciaccio, Laura Anna
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Variability and consistency in first and second language processing
BT  - A masked morphological priming study on prefixation and suffixation
JF  - Language Learning
N2  - Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + -ed/-er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers. Open Practices This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: .
KW  - prefixed words
KW  - derivation
KW  - second language processing
KW  - masked priming
KW  - morphology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12370
SN  - 0023-8333
SN  - 1467-9922
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
SP  - 103
EP  - 136
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gefen-Treves, Shany
A1  - Kedem, Isaac
A1  - Weiss, Gad
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
A1  - Tchernov, Dan
A1  - Kaplan, Aaron
T1  - Acclimation of a rocky shore algal reef builder Neogoniolithon sp. to changing illuminations
JF  - Limnology and oceanography e-lectures / Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
N2  - Vermetid reefs and rocky shores are hot spots of biodiversity, often referred to as the subtropical equivalent of coral reefs. The development of the ecosystem depends on the activity of several reef builders, including red crustose coralline algae (CCA) such as Neogoniolithon brassica-florida. Despite its importance, little is known about Neogoniolithon sp. acclimation to rapid changes in light intensity and corresponding photosynthetic activity. To overcome the large spatial variability in the light field (due to location and the porous nature of the rocks) we grew Neogoniolithon sp. on glass slides and characterized its photosynthetic performance in response to various light intensities by following O-2 exchange and fluorescence parameters. This was also performed on rock-inhabiting thalli collected from the east Mediterranean basin. Generally, maximal photosynthetic rate was reached when Neogoniolithon sp. thalli grown under low illumination (such as in protected niches where the light intensity can be as low as 1% of surface illumination) were examined. When exposed to light intensities higher than those experienced during growth, Neogoniolithon sp. activates adaptive/protective mechanisms such as state transition and nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching and increases the dark respiration thereafter. We find that the Fv/Fm parameter (variable/maximal fluorescence) is not suitable to assess photosynthetic performance in Neogoniolithon sp. and propose using instead an alternative parameter recently developed. Our findings help to clarify why Neogoniolithon sp. is usually observed in shaded niches along the reef surfaces.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11245
SN  - 0024-3590
SN  - 1939-5590
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roos, Saskia
T1  - The Dirac operator under collapse to a smooth limit space
JF  - Annals of global analysis and geometry
N2  - Let (M-i, g(i))(i is an element of N) be a sequence of spin manifolds with uniform bounded curvature and diameter that converges to a lower-dimensional Riemannian manifold (B, h) in the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. Then, it happens that the spectrum of the Dirac operator converges to the spectrum of a certain first-order elliptic differential operator D-B on B. We give an explicit description of D-B and characterize the special case where D-B equals the Dirac operator on B.
KW  - Collapse
KW  - Dirac operator
KW  - Spin geometry
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10455-019-09691-8
SN  - 0232-704X
SN  - 1572-9060
VL  - 57
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 151
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jose Clemente-Moreno, Maria
A1  - Omranian, Nooshin
A1  - Saez, Patricia
A1  - Maria Figueroa, Carlos
A1  - Del-Saz, Nestor
A1  - Elso, Mhartyn
A1  - Poblete, Leticia
A1  - Orf, Isabel
A1  - Cuadros-Inostroza, Alvaro
A1  - Cavieres, Lohengrin
A1  - Bravo, Leon
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Ribas-Carbo, Miquel
A1  - Flexas, Jaume
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1  - Brotman, Yariv
A1  - Gago, Jorge
T1  - Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis
JF  - New phytologist : international journal of plant science
N2  - Understanding the strategies employed by plant species that live in extreme environments offers the possibility to discover stress tolerance mechanisms. We studied the physiological, antioxidant and metabolic responses to three temperature conditions (4, 15, and 23 degrees C) of Colobanthus quitensis (CQ), one of the only two native vascular species in Antarctica. We also employed Dianthus chinensis (DC), to assess the effects of the treatments in a non-Antarctic species from the same family. Using fused LASSO modelling, we associated physiological and biochemical antioxidant responses with primary metabolism. This approach allowed us to highlight the metabolic pathways driving the response specific to CQ. Low temperature imposed dramatic reductions in photosynthesis (up to 88%) but not in respiration (sustaining rates of 3.0-4.2 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)) in CQ, and no change in the physiological stress parameters was found. Its notable antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome respiratory activity (20 and two times higher than DC, respectively), which ensure ATP production even at low temperature, was significantly associated with sulphur-containing metabolites and polyamines. Our findings potentially open new biotechnological opportunities regarding the role of antioxidant compounds and respiratory mechanisms associated with sulphur metabolism in stress tolerance strategies to low temperature.
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - antioxidant capacity
KW  - low temperature
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - respiration
KW  - stress tolerance
KW  - sulphur metabolism
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16167
SN  - 0028-646X
SN  - 1469-8137
VL  - 225
IS  - 2
SP  - 754
EP  - 768
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhu, Chuanbin
A1  - Pilz, Marco
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice Pierre
T1  - Which is a better proxy, site period or depth to bedrock, in modelling linear site response in addition to the average shear-wave velocity?
JF  - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2  - This study aims to identify the best-performing site characterization proxy alternative and complementary to the conventional 30 m average shear-wave velocity V-S30, as well as the optimal combination of proxies in characterizing linear site response. Investigated proxies include T-0 (site fundamental period obtained from earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios), V-Sz (measured average shear-wave velocities to depth z, z = 5, 10, 20 and 30 m), Z(0.8) and Z(1.0) (measured site depths to layers having shear-wave velocity 0.8 and 1.0 km/s, respectively), as well as Z(x-infer) (inferred site depths from a regional velocity model, x = 0.8 and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 km/s). To evaluate the performance of a site proxy or a combination, a total of 1840 surface-borehole recordings is selected from KiK-net database. Site amplifications are derived using surface-to-borehole response-, Fourier- and cross-spectral ratio techniques and then are compared across approaches. Next, the efficacies of 7 single-proxies and 11 proxy-pairs are quantified based on the site-to-site standard deviation of amplification residuals of observation about prediction using the proxy or the pair. Our results show that T-0 is the best-performing single-proxy among T-0, Z(0.8), Z(1.0) and V-Sz. Meanwhile, T-0 is also the best-performing proxy among T-0, Z(0.8), Z(1.0) and Z(x-infer) complementary to V-S30 in accounting for the residual amplification after V-S30-correction. Besides, T-0 alone can capture most of the site effects and should be utilized as the primary site indicator. Though (T-0, V-S30) is the best-performing proxy pair among (V-S30, T-0), (V-S30, Z(0.8)), (V-S30, Z(1.0)), (V-S30, Z(x-infer)) and (T-0, V-Sz), it is only slightly better than (T-0, V-S20). Considering both efficacy and engineering utility, the combination of T-0 (primary) and V-S20 (secondary) is recommended. Further study is needed to test the performances of various proxies on sites in deep sedimentary basins.
KW  - Site effects
KW  - Amplification
KW  - Site proxy
KW  - Surface-to-borehole spectral ratios
KW  - KiK-net
KW  - Earthquake
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00738-6
SN  - 1570-761X
SN  - 1573-1456
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 797
EP  - 820
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lüdecke, Nils
A1  - Weidner, Steffen M.
A1  - Schlaad, Helmut
T1  - Poly(2-oxazoline)s Based on Phenolic Acids
JF  - Macromolecular rapid communications
N2  - A series of phenolic-acid-based 2-oxazoline monomers with methoxy-substituted phenyl and cinnamyl side chains is synthesized and polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C using methyl tosylate as the initiator. The obtained poly(2-oxazoline)s are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Kinetic studies reveal that the microwave-assisted polymerization is fast and completed within less than ≈10 min for low monomer-to-initiator ratios of ≤25. Polymers with number-average molar masses of up to 6500 g mol−1 and low dispersity (1.2–1.3) are produced. The aryl methyl ethers are successfully cleaved with aluminum triiodide/N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide to give a poly(2-oxazoline) with pendent catechol groups.
KW  - 2-oxazoline
KW  - catechol
KW  - cationic ring-opening polymerization
KW  - microwave
KW  - phenolic acid
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201900404
SN  - 1022-1336
SN  - 1521-3927
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gerecke, Christian
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Berndzen, Alide
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
T1  - Vitamin C in combination with inhibition of mutant IDH1 synergistically activates TET enzymes and epigenetically modulates gene silencing in colon cancer cells
JF  - Epigenetics : the official journal of the DNA Methylation Society
N2  - Mutations in the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) lead to metabolic alterations and a sustained formation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). 2-HG is an oncometabolite as it inhibits the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases such as ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. Inhibitors of mutant IDH enzymes, like ML309, are currently tested in order to lower the levels of 2-HG. Vitamin C (VC) is an inducer of TET enzymes. To test a new therapeutic avenue of synergistic effects, the anti-neoplastic activity of inhibition of mutant IDH1 via ML309 in the presence of VC was investigated in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 IDH1(R132H/+) (harbouring a mutated IDH1 allele) and the parental cells HCT116 IDH1(+/+) (wild type IDH1). Measurement of the oncometabolite indicated a 56-fold higher content of 2-HG in mutated cells compared to wild type cells. A significant reduction of 2-HG was observed in mutated cells after treatment with ML 309, whereas VC produced only minimally changes of the oncometabolite. However, combinatorial treatment with both, ML309 and VC, in mutated cells induced pronounced reduction of 2-HG leading to levels comparable to those in wild type cells. The decreased level of 2-HG in mutated cells after combinatorial treatment was accompanied by an enhanced global DNA hydroxymethylation and an increased gene expression of certain tumour suppressors. Moreover, mutated cells showed an increased percentage of apoptotic cells after treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of ML309 and VC. These results suggest that combinatorial therapy is of interest for further investigation to rescue TET activity and treatment of IDH1/2 mutated cancers.
KW  - Vitamin C
KW  - epigenetics
KW  - IDH1
KW  - TET
KW  - cancer cells
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2019.1666652
SN  - 1559-2294
SN  - 1559-2308
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 307
EP  - 322
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Legacy of the Last Glacial on the present-day distribution of deciduous versus evergreen boreal forests
JF  - Global ecology and biogeography : a journal of macroecology
N2  - Issue Despite their rather similar climatic conditions, eastern Eurasia and northern North America are largely covered by different plant functional types (deciduous or evergreen boreal forest) composed of larch or pine, spruce and fir, respectively. I propose that these deciduous and evergreen boreal forests represent alternative quasi-stable states, triggered by their different northern tree refugia that reflect the different environmental conditions experienced during the Last Glacial. Evidence This view is supported by palaeoecological and environmental evidence. Once established, Asian larch forests are likely to have stabilized through a complex vegetation-fire-permafrost soil-climate feedback system. Conclusion With respect to future forest developments, this implies that Asian larch forests are likely to be governed by long-term trajectories and are therefore largely resistant to natural climate variability on time-scales shorter than millennia. The effects of regional human impact and anthropogenic global warming might, however, cause certain stability thresholds to be crossed, meaning that irreversible transitions occur and resulting in marked consequences for ecosystem services on these human-relevant time-scales.
KW  - boreal forests
KW  - Glacial refugia
KW  - Holocene
KW  - Larix larch
KW  - permafrost ecosystems
KW  - Palaeoecology
KW  - Siberia
KW  - vegetation-climate-fire-soil feedbacks
KW  - vegetation states
KW  - vegetation trajectories
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13018
SN  - 1466-822X
SN  - 1466-8238
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Devkar, Vikas
A1  - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P.
A1  - Xue, Gang-Ping
A1  - Vallarino, Jose G.
A1  - Tureckova, Veronika
A1  - Strnad, Miroslav
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Hoefgen, Rainer
A1  - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
T1  - Multifaceted regulatory function of tomato SlTAF1 in the response to salinity stress
JF  - New phytologist : international journal of plant science
N2  - Salinity stress limits plant growth and has a major impact on agricultural productivity. Here, we identify NAC transcription factor SlTAF1 as a regulator of salt tolerance in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
While overexpression of SlTAF1 improves salinity tolerance compared with wild-type, lowering SlTAF1 expression causes stronger salinity-induced damage. Under salt stress, shoots of SlTAF1 knockdown plants accumulate more toxic Na+ ions, while SlTAF1 overexpressors accumulate less ions, in accordance with an altered expression of the Na+ transporter genes SlHKT1;1 and SlHKT1;2. Furthermore, stomatal conductance and pore area are increased in SlTAF1 knockdown plants during salinity stress, but decreased in SlTAF1 overexpressors.
We identified stress-related transcription factor, abscisic acid metabolism and defence-related genes as potential direct targets of SlTAF1, correlating it with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and changes in hormonal response. Salinity-induced changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids are more pronounced in SlTAF1 knockdown than wild-type plants, but less so in SlTAF1 overexpressors. The osmoprotectant proline accumulates more in SlTAF1 overexpressors than knockdown plants.
In summary, SlTAF1 controls the tomato’s response to salinity stress by combating both osmotic stress and ion toxicity, highlighting this gene as a promising candidate for the future breeding of stress-tolerant crops.
KW  - abscisic acid (ABA)
KW  - ion homeostasis
KW  - NAC
KW  - proline
KW  - salt stress
KW  - SlTAF1
KW  - transcription factors
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16247
SN  - 0028-646X
SN  - 1469-8137
VL  - 225
IS  - 4
SP  - 1681
EP  - 1698
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krückemeier, Lisa
A1  - Rau, Uwe
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Kirchartz, Thomas
T1  - How to report record open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskite solar cells
JF  - Advanced energy materials
N2  - Open-circuit voltages of lead-halide perovskite solar cells are improving rapidly and are approaching the thermodynamic limit. Since many different perovskite compositions with different bandgap energies are actively being investigated, it is not straightforward to compare the open-circuit voltages between these devices as long as a consistent method of referencing is missing. For the purpose of comparing open-circuit voltages and identifying outstanding values, it is imperative to use a unique, generally accepted way of calculating the thermodynamic limit, which is currently not the case. Here a meta-analysis of methods to determine the bandgap and a radiative limit for open-circuit voltage is presented. The differences between the methods are analyzed and an easily applicable approach based on the solar cell quantum efficiency as a general reference is proposed.
KW  - bandgap
KW  - fill factor losses
KW  - nonradiative voltage losses
KW  - photovoltaics
KW  - radiative limit
KW  - recombination
KW  - Shockley-Queisser model
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902573
SN  - 1614-6832
SN  - 1614-6840
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Walkowiak, Jacek
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Gradzielski, Michael
A1  - Zauscher, Stefan
A1  - Ballauff, Matthias
T1  - Thermodynamic analysis of the uptake of a protein in a spherical polyelectrolyte brush
JF  - Macromolecular rapid communications
N2  - A thermodynamic study of the adsorption of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) onto spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is presented. The SPBs are composed of a solid polystyrene core bearing long chains of poly(acrylic acid). ITC measurements done at different temperatures and ionic strengths lead to a full set of thermodynamicbinding constants together with the enthalpies and entropies of binding. The adsorption of HSA onto SPBs is described with a two-step model. The free energy of binding Delta Gb depends only weakly on temperature because of a marked compensation of enthalpy by entropy. Studies of the adsorbed HSA by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrate no significant disturbance in the secondary structure of the protein. The quantitative analysis demonstrates that counterion release is the major driving force for adsorption in a process where proteins become multivalent counterions of the polyelectrolyte chains upon adsorption. A comparison with the analysis of other sets of data related to the binding of HSA to polyelectrolytes demonstrates that the cancellation of enthalpy and entropy is a general phenomenon that always accompanies the binding of proteins to polyelectrolytes dominated by counterion release.
KW  - Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes
KW  - proteins
KW  - ITC
KW  - thermodynamics
KW  - enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201900421
SN  - 1022-1336
SN  - 1521-3927
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  -