TY - JOUR A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Hartmann, Anne A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Knigge, Michel A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Effects of special educational needs and socioeconomic status on academic achievement BT - Separate or confounded? JF - International Journal of Educational Research N2 - Germany is continuously expanding its inclusive education system. Research provides evidence that students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive school settings show lower academic achievement and come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds than their peers without SEN. Identifying to what extent the disadvantages originating from both characteristics are confounded in predicting academic achievement, has been neglected in the German educational context. Using data of 1711 primary and secondary school students from a longitudinal study in the state of Brandenburg, this study evaluates to what degree SEN (in the areas of learning and emotional-social difficulties) and socioeconomic background (SES) are confounded in predicting academic initial achievement in reading and mathematics as well as their development over time. Using multilevel modelling techniques that nest three measurement points into students and students into classes, results identify SES and SEN as relevant predictors of achievement status and growth in both subjects. Only few and small mediation effects of SES were found, indicating that both SES and SEN remain independent risk factors for achievement. Understanding the origins of student disadvantage can help teachers to make better informed choices for designing support measures and aid policymakers' reasoning for resource allocations. KW - Special educational needs KW - Socioeconomic background KW - Multiple disparities KW - Longitudinal KW - Hierarchical linear modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101957 SN - 0883-0355 VL - 113 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Henke, Thorsten A1 - Bosse, Stefanie T1 - Is there a dark side of co-teaching? BT - a study on the social participation of primary school students and their interactions with teachers and classmates JF - Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101393 SN - 0959-4752 SN - 1873-3263 VL - 71 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Bosse, Stefanie A1 - Hartmann, Anne A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - Students’ perspective on inclusion BT - Relations of attitudes towards inclusive education and self-perceptions of peer relations JF - International journal of educational research N2 - The goal of the present study was to analyze how students' attitudes towards inclusive education develop over the course of a school year and how these attitudes relate to students' peer relations. Sixth- and seventh-graders of 44 inclusive classes filled out a questionnaire at two measurement points within one school year to assess attitudes towards inclusive education and peer relations. Applying multilevel regression analyses it turned out that changes in peer relations over time were positively predicted by students' attitudes towards instructional adaptations for students with behaviour difficulties. Further, students with self-perceived behavior difficulties reported lower scores for peer relations compared to students without self-perceived difficulties. Results are discussed with respect to structural factors and individual characteristics affecting inclusive education. KW - peer relations KW - inclusion KW - students KW - attitudes KW - special educational KW - needs Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101641 SN - 0883-0355 SN - 2666-3740 VL - 103 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Students improve in reading comprehension by learning how to teach reading strategies BT - an evidence-based approach for teacher education JF - Psychology Learning and Teaching N2 - In this intervention study, we investigated how we could teach university students who were majoring in education to teach reading strategies. The goal of the study was to analyze whether and to what extent students would benefit from the intervention with respect to their own learning. Did their own reading skills improve after they attended the intervention? The sample consisted of n = 61 students who were assigned to one of two conditions: (a) an adaption of reciprocal teaching; and (b) a control group that was not taught how to teach reading strategies. The evidence-based teaching method used in the intervention condition consisted of three elements: modeling, scaffolding, and repeated practice. Training success was assessed in a pre-posttest control group design with standardized reading comprehension and reading speed tests. To compare the development of the students in the two conditions, repeated measures ANOVAs were used. At posttest, intervention students outperformed control students in reading comprehension as well as in reading speed. KW - Reading strategies KW - reciprocal teaching KW - teacher education Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725717700525 SN - 1475-7257 SN - 2057-3022 VL - 16 SP - 197 EP - 211 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schünemann, Nina A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Voellinger, Vanessa A. A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens T1 - Peer feedback mediates the impact of self-regulation procedures on strategy use and reading comprehension in reciprocal teaching groups JF - Instructional Science N2 - The goal of this research was to highlight the role social regulatory processes play in making students’ teamwork in reciprocal teaching (RT) groups (a classroom activity in which students take the teacher’s role in small group reading sessions) effective. In addition to teamwork quality, we expected peer feedback to be a key factor in enhancing students’ reading comprehension achievements. Because previous research (Schünemann et al. in Contemp Educ Psychol 38:289–305, 2013) has shown that procedures of self-regulated learning (SRL) augment the effects of RT methods, we further assumed that such procedures would promote the quality of students’ collaborative efforts. In a cluster-randomized trial, students in 12 fifth-grade classes practiced a strategic approach to reading either in a RT condition or in a RT + SRL condition. In one of the 14 sessions, students’ interactive behavior was videotaped. Strategy use and reading comprehension were assessed at pretest, posttest, and maintenance. Performance differences between conditions were reliable only at maintenance. A multilevel mediation analysis showed that relative to RT students, RT + SRL students were better able to provide their teammates with informative feedback and organize their group work in a task-focused manner. Only feedback quality mediated the sustainability of treatment effects on strategy use and reading comprehension. In essence, this research suggests that effective reading comprehension trainings should integrate explicit instruction and practice in reading strategies, SRL, and focus on supportive peer processes in small groups with extensive instruction and practice in peer feedback. KW - Reading comprehension KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Co-regulation KW - Reading strategies KW - Feedback Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-017-9409-1 SN - 0020-4277 SN - 1573-1952 VL - 45 SP - 395 EP - 415 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völlinger, Vanessa A. A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Lubbe, Dirk A1 - Brunstein, Joachim C. T1 - A path analytic test of the reading strategies mediation model BT - relating cognitive competences and motivational influences to individual JF - The Journal of Educational Research N2 - This study examined a theoretical model hypothesizing that reading strategies mediate the effects of intrinsic reading motivation, reading fluency, and vocabulary knowledge on reading comprehension. Using path analytic methods, we tested the direct and indirect effects specified in the hypothesized model in a sample of 1105 fifth-graders. In addition to standardized tests and questionnaires, we administered a performance test to assess students' proficiency in the application of three reading strategies. The overall fit of the model to the data was good. Both cognitive (fluency and vocabulary) and motivational (intrinsic reading motivation) variables had an indirect effect on reading comprehension through their influence on reading strategies. Reading strategies had a unique effect on reading comprehension and partially mediated the effects that cognitive and motivational variables had on fifth-graders' reading achievements. KW - Reading comprehension KW - reading strategies KW - path analysis KW - reading fluency KW - vocabulary Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1412930 SN - 0022-0671 SN - 1940-0675 VL - 111 IS - 6 SP - 733 EP - 745 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambrecht, Jennifer A1 - Bogda, Katja A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Nottbusch, Guido A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Längsschnittliche Effekte der häuslichen und institutionellen Lernumwelt auf den Wortschatz von Grundschulkindern – ein Vergleich T1 - Comparing the effect of home and institutional learning environment on children’s vocabulary in primary school JF - Journal for educational research online - JERO N2 - Es wird angenommen, dass für den frühen Kompetenzerwerb eines Kindes neben dem familiären Hintergrund und Merkmalen des Kindes die Lernumgebungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgte das Ziel, die Effekte der häuslichen und der institutionellen Lernumgebung von Kindergartenkindern auf den frühen Wortschatzerwerb zu vergleichen und notwendige Bedingungen für einen kompensatorischen Effekt der institutionellen Lernumgebung zu überprüfen. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten von N = 557 Kindergartenkindern aus dem deutschen Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS) wurde untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß der familiäre Hintergrund und die Merkmale eines Kindes die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung prädizieren und in welchem Ausmaß diese wiederum den Wortschatz in der Vorschule und in der ersten Klasse vorhersagen. Um zu überprüfen, ob die beiden Lernumgebungen einen jeweils eigenständigen Beitrag zur Prädiktion des Wortschatzes leisten, wurden nahezu identische Indikatoren zur Operationalisierung verwendet. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden die Effekte geschätzt. Die Studie zeigte, dass die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung eines Kindes kleine sowie voneinander abgrenzbare Effekte auf den Wortschatz hatten. Dabei war die häusliche Lernumwelt stärker mit dem familiären Hintergrund assoziiert, während die institutionelle Lernumgebung stärker durch Merkmale des Kindes selbst prädiziert wurde. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Diskussion kompensatorischer Effekte. N2 - It is assumed that additionally to the family background and child characteris-tics, the children’s learning environments are crucial for the acquisition of early competencies. This study aimed to compare the eff ects of home and institutional learning environment on young children’s vocabulary and to test necessary con-ditions for a potential compensatory eff ect of the institutional learning environ-ment. Using longitudinal data from N = 557 preschool children (German National Educational Panel Study), we analysed to what extent family background and children’s characteristics predicted home and institutional learning environments and to what extent these learning environments predicted vocabulary in pre-school and primary school. In order to test if both learning environments pre-dict vocabulary separately, we used almost identical indicators to operationalize them. The effects were estimated within a structural equation model. The study revealed that both, home and institutional learning environment, had small and separate eff ects on children’s vocabulary. The home learning environment was more closely related to the family background, while the institutional learning en-vironment was more closely related to the children’s characteristics. This evokes new possibilities to discuss compensatory effect. KW - Home learning environment KW - Institutional learning environment KW - Vocabulary KW - Compensatory effect KW - Institutionelle Lernumgebung KW - Häusliche Lernumgebung KW - Wortschatz KW - Kompensatorischer Effekt Y1 - 2019 SN - 1866-6671 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 86 EP - 115 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henke, Thorsten A1 - Bogda, Katja A1 - Lambrecht, Jennifer A1 - Bosse, Stefanie A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Maaz, Kai A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Will you be my friend? A multilevel network analysis of friendships of students with and without special educational needs backgrounds in inclusive classrooms JF - Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft N2 - The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between having a special educational needs background (SEN) and the likelihood of having friends in inclusive classes. We assumed that a combination of individual, dyadic and contextual variables can sufficiently explain the relation between a SEN diagnosis and the likelihood of friendship. Data analysis was based on a cross-sectional sample of students (N = 1241) in second and third grade primary-school classes. To address the different levels adequately, the present study improves upon previous research in two ways: First, the sociometric data were analyzed with the p2 model, a specialized multilevel network model. Second, the study focused solely on friendships and emphasized the concept’s unique features with respect to inclusive education. Data analysis indicated that students with SEN had a decreased probability of becoming friends with their classmates compared to students without SEN. Even when individual, dyadic, and contextual variables were included into the model, the association between a SEN diagnosis and the likelihood of friendship persisted. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to their implications for inclusive teaching practice. KW - Friendship KW - Inclusion KW - Network Analysis KW - Social Participation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-017-0767-x SN - 1434-663X SN - 1862-5215 VL - 20 SP - 449 EP - 474 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Schuenemann, Nina T1 - competence: Analyzing effects on reading comprehension, reading strategy performance, and motivation for reading JF - Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction N2 - In this study, reciprocal teaching (RT) was combined with specific self-regulation procedures to promote the reading comprehension of fifth grade students. Twenty four classes with N = 534 students were assigned to RT plus strategy implementation procedures (RT +SIP), RT plus outcome regulation procedures (RT + ORP), RT plus strategy implementation and outcome regulation procedures (RT+ SRL), or RT without explicit instruction in self-regulation. At maintenance students assigned to the three self-regulation conditions outperformed RT students according to a standardized measure of reading comprehension. RT+ SIP and RT + SRL students outperformed RI as well as RI + ORP students using a measure of reading strategy performance. However, reading comprehension was only mediated by strategy performance under the RT + SRL condition. Among students assigned to the RI + ORP condition, an improvement in reading motivation between pretest and posttest and between posttest and maintenance was observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Reading comprehension KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Reading strategies KW - Educational intervention research Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.05.002 SN - 0959-4752 VL - 33 SP - 147 EP - 157 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schünemann, Nina A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens T1 - Integrating self-regulation in whole-class reciprocal teaching - a moderator-mediator analysis of incremental effects on fifth graders' reading comprehension JF - Contemporary educational psychology N2 - In this classroom intervention study, reciprocal teaching (RI) of reading strategies was combined with explicit instruction in self-regulated learning (SRL) to promote the reading comprehension of fifth-grade students (N = 306). Twelve intact classes were randomly assigned either to an RT + SRL condition or to an RI condition without explicit instruction in self-regulation. Three additional classes served as a no-treatment comparison group. Strategies instruction was delivered by trained assistants in conventional German language lessons. Students practiced the application of these strategies in small groups. Both at posttest and at maintenance (8 weeks after the intervention), students in the two intervention conditions (RT and RI + SRL) outperformed comparison students in measures of reading comprehension, strategy-related task performance, and self-efficacy for reading. Relative to RI students, students in the RI + SRL condition were better able to maintain training-induced performance gains over the follow-up interval. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that this difference in the sustainability of the two treatments was (a) mediated by the successful mastery of the learned strategies and (b) most evident among students with poor reading fluency skills. KW - Reciprocal teaching KW - Reading comprehension KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Reading fluency KW - Reading strategies Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.06.002 SN - 0361-476X SN - 1090-2384 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 289 EP - 305 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Improving students' reading comprehension skills : effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different forms of strategy instruction on 210 elementary-school students' reading comprehension. Students were assigned to any one of three intervention conditions or to a traditional instruction condition (control condition). Training students were taught four reading strategies (summarizing, questioning, clarifying, predicting) and practiced these strategies in small groups (reciprocal teaching), pairs, or instructor-guided small groups. At both the post- and follow-up test the intervention students attained higher scores on an experiment-developed task of reading comprehension and strategy use than the control students who received traditional instruction. Furthermore, students who practiced reciprocal teaching in small groups outperformed use than the control students who received traditional instruction groups on a standardized reading comprehension test. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09594752 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.05.003 SN - 0959-4752 ER -