TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
T1  - Going to the Gym or to the Movies?: Situated Decisions as a Functional Link Connecting Automatic and Reflective Evaluations of Exercise With Exercising Behavior
JF  - Journal of sport & exercise psychology
N2  - The goal of the present paper is to propose a model for the study of automatic cognition and affect in exercise. We have chosen a dual-system approach to social information processing to investigate the hypothesis that situated decisions between behavioral alternatives form a functional link between automatic and reflective evaluations and the time spent on exercise. A new questionnaire is introduced to operationalize this link. A reaction-time based evaluative priming task was used to test participants' automatic evaluations. Affective and cognitive reflective evaluations, as well as exercising time, were requested via self-report. Path analyses suggest that the affective reflective (beta =.71) and the automatic evaluation (beta =.15) independently explain situated decisions, which, in turn (beta =.60) explain time spent on exercise. Our findings highlight the concept of contextualized decisions. They can serve as a starting point from which the so far seldom investigations of automatic cognition and affect in exercise can be integrated with multitudinous results from studies on reflective psychological determinants of health behavior.
KW  - evaluative priming
KW  - attitudes
KW  - dual processing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0018
SN  - 0895-2779
SN  - 1543-2904
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 63
EP  - 73
PB  - Human Kinetics Publ.
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Kahlert, Daniela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - A Video-Based training method for improving soccer referees' intuitive decision-making skills
JF  - Journal of applied sport psychology
N2  - We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-Entscheidungs-Training, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.555346
SN  - 1041-3200
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 442
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Establishing standards for Basketball Elite Referees' decisions
JF  - Journal of applied sport psychology
N2  - Basketball referees' decisions in ambiguous situations are supposed to adhere to common standards. We propose that standards can be established by video training-programs. Thirty-three German elite basketball referees participated in an online experiment. Feedback during a learning phase influenced decisions (foul vs. no call) in a subsequent test phase. These results provide a starting point for further investigations into establishing standards for referees. They suggest that establishing standards for referees' decisions in ambiguous situations may be a worthwhile approach for improving the quality of referees' decisions.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2012.741090
SN  - 1041-3200
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 370
EP  - 375
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Studying experts' intuitive decision making online using video stimuli
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-1-8487-2019-0
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - O'Hare, David
T1  - A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees' decision making
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-0-444-53356-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
T1  - Conceptual considerations about the development of a decision-making training method for expert soccer referees
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-1-60692-390-0
ER  -