TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Sebastian G.
A1  - Huismans, Ritske S.
A1  - Braun, Jean
A1  - Yuan, Xiaoping
T1  - Topography of mountain belts controlled by rheology and surface processes
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - It is widely recognized that collisional mountain belt topography is generated by crustal thickening and lowered by river bedrock erosion, linking climate and tectonics(1-4). However, whether surface processes or lithospheric strength control mountain belt height, shape and longevity remains uncertain. Additionally, how to reconcile high erosion rates in some active orogens with long-term survival of mountain belts for hundreds of millions of years remains enigmatic. Here we investigate mountain belt growth and decay using a new coupled surface process(5,6) and mantle-scale tectonic model(7). End-member models and the new non-dimensional Beaumont number, Bm, quantify how surface processes and tectonics control the topographic evolution of mountain belts, and enable the definition of three end-member types of growing orogens: type 1, non-steady state, strength controlled (Bm > 0.5); type 2, flux steady state(8), strength controlled (Bm approximate to 0.4-0.5); and type 3, flux steady state, erosion controlled (Bm < 0.4). Our results indicate that tectonics dominate in Himalaya-Tibet and the Central Andes (both type 1), efficient surface processes balance high convergence rates in Taiwan (probably type 2) and surface processes dominate in the Southern Alps of New Zealand (type 3). Orogenic decay is determined by erosional efficiency and can be subdivided into two phases with variable isostatic rebound characteristics and associated timescales. The results presented here provide a unified framework explaining how surface processes and lithospheric strength control the height, shape, and longevity of mountain belts.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04700-6
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 606
IS  - 7914
SP  - 516
EP  - 521
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - Potentially disabled?
JF  - Inquiry
N2  - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM.
KW  - disability
KW  - chronic illness
KW  - latent impairment
KW  - social construction
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753
SN  - 0020-174X
SN  - 1502-3923
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weaver, Catherine
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Jorgensen, Samantha
A1  - Flores, Joseph
T1  - Bureaucratic representation in the IMF and the World Bank
JF  - Global perspectives
N2  - The legitimacy and effectiveness of international organizations are often linked directly to issues of representation—not only on their high-level governing boards and in top leadership but also within their staff. This article explores two key questions of bureaucratic representation in the critical cases of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. First, we seek to unpack three essential dimensions of staff representation—nationality, education, and gender—to explain how representation may matter for international organizations. Second, we aim to describe the multiple dimensions of representation in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank over the past twenty years by deploying a novel dataset on staff demographics, focusing on ranks with decision-making authority within the institutions. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have made considerable efforts to diversify their bureaucracies. Nonetheless, representation remains uneven; for example, nationals from middle- and low-income countries, women, and staff without economics degrees from prominent US- or UK-based universities are less present in key leadership positions. These results may be well explained by the particular needs of the institutions’ technical mandates and limits in the supply of qualified staff and, as such, need not be seen as suboptimal. Nonetheless, perceived imbalances in representation may continue to pose external legitimation and operational challenges to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in a complex political environment where such multidimensional representation is important to sustaining the buy-in of donor and borrower countries alike. To this end, we recommend that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank enhance their diversity and inclusion efforts by increasing transparency via reporting disaggregated data on workforce composition and introducing annual requirements to publish progress reports with management feedback to strengthen internal and external accountability.
KW  - representation
KW  - international bureaucracy
KW  - multilateralism
KW  - World Bank
KW  - IMF
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39684
SN  - 2575-7350
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
PB  - University of California Press
CY  - Oakland, CA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pena-Camargo, Francisco
A1  - Thiesbrummel, Jarla
A1  - Hempel, Hannes
A1  - Musiienko, Artem
A1  - Le Corre, Vincent M.
A1  - Diekmann, Jonas
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Unold, Thomas
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
T1  - Revealing the doping density in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device performance
JF  - Applied physics reviews
N2  - Traditional inorganic semiconductors can be electronically doped with high precision. Conversely, there is still conjecture regarding the assessment of the electronic doping density in metal-halide perovskites, not to mention of a control thereof. This paper presents a multifaceted approach to determine the electronic doping density for a range of different lead-halide perovskite systems. Optical and electrical characterization techniques, comprising intensity-dependent and transient photoluminescence, AC Hall effect, transfer-length-methods, and charge extraction measurements were instrumental in quantifying an upper limit for the doping density. The obtained values are subsequently compared to the electrode charge per cell volume under short-circuit conditions ( CUbi/eV), which amounts to roughly 10(16) cm(-3). This figure of merit represents the critical limit below which doping-induced charges do not influence the device performance. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the doping density is below this critical threshold 10(12) cm(-3), which means << CUbi / e V) for all common lead-based metal-halide perovskites. Nevertheless, although the density of doping-induced charges is too low to redistribute the built-in voltage in the perovskite active layer, mobile ions are present in sufficient quantities to create space-charge-regions in the active layer, reminiscent of doped pn-junctions. These results are well supported by drift-diffusion simulations, which confirm that the device performance is not affected by such low doping densities.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085286
SN  - 1931-9401
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Keller, Lena
A1  - Stallasch, Sophie E.
A1  - Kretschmann, Julia
A1  - Hasl, Andrea
A1  - Preckel, Franzis
A1  - Luedtke, Oliver
A1  - Hedges, Larry
T1  - Meta-analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs
BT  - a tutorial on using the two-stage approach for data from educational large-scale assessments
JF  - Research synthesis methods
N2  - Descriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences. 
Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational large-scale assessments (ELSAs) or social, health, and economic survey and panel studies. The meta-analytic integration of these results offers unique and novel research opportunities to provide strong empirical evidence of the consistency and generalizability of important phenomena and trends. 

Using ELSAs as an example, this tutorial offers methodological guidance on how to use the two-stage approach to IPD meta-analysis to account for the statistical challenges of complex survey designs (e.g., sampling weights, clustered and missing IPD), first, to conduct descriptive analyses (Stage 1), and second, to integrate results with three-level meta-analytic and meta-regression models to take into account dependencies among effect sizes (Stage 2). 

The two-stage approach is illustrated with IPD on reading achievement from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We demonstrate how to analyze and integrate standardized mean differences (e.g., gender differences), correlations (e.g., with students' socioeconomic status [SES]), and interactions between individual characteristics at the participant level (e.g., the interaction between gender and SES) across several PISA cycles. 

All the datafiles and R scripts we used are available online. Because complex social, health, or economic survey and panel studies share many methodological features with ELSAs, the guidance offered in this tutorial is also helpful for synthesizing research evidence from these studies.
KW  - complex survey designs
KW  - educational large-scale assessments
KW  - individual
KW  - participant data
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - Programme for International Student
KW  - Assessment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1584
SN  - 1759-2879
SN  - 1759-2887
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 35
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dudi, Reetika
A1  - Dietrich, Tim
A1  - Rashti, Alireza
A1  - Brügmann, Bernd
A1  - Steinhoff, Jan
A1  - Tichy, Wolfgang
T1  - High-accuracy simulations of highly spinning binary neutron star systems
JF  - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
N2  - With an increasing number of expected gravitational-wave detections of binary neutron star mergers, it is essential that gravitational-wave models employed for the analysis of observational data are able to describe generic compact binary systems. This includes systems in which the individual neutron stars are millisecond pulsars for which spin effects become essential. In this work, we perform numerical-relativity simulations of binary neutron stars with aligned and antialigned spins within a range of dimensionless spins of chi similar to [-0.28, 0.58]. The simulations are performed with multiple resolutions, show a clear convergence order and, consequently, can be used to test existing waveform approximants. We find that for very high spins gravitational-wave models that have been employed for the interpretation of GW170817 and GW190425 arc not capable of describing our numerical-relativity dataset. We verify through a full parameter estimation study in which clear biases in the estimate of the tidal deformability and effective spin are present. We hope that in preparation of the next gravitational-wave observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors our new set of numerical-relativity data can be used to support future developments of new gravitational-wave models.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.064050
SN  - 2470-0010
SN  - 2470-0029
VL  - 105
IS  - 6
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Macias, Oscar
A1  - Coleman, Phaedra
A1  - Gordon, Chris
T1  - Assessing the impact of hydrogen absorption on the characteristics of the Galactic center excess
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We present a new reconstruction of the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the inner Galaxy that is based on explicit radiation transport modeling of line and continuum emission and a gas-flow model in the barred Galaxy that provides distance resolution for lines of sight toward the Galactic center. 

The main benefits of the new gas model are (a) the ability to reproduce the negative line signals seen with the HI4PI survey and (b) the accounting for gas that primarily manifests itself through absorption. 
We apply the new model of Galactic atomic hydrogen to an analysis of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, for which an excess at a few GeV was reported that may be related to dark matter. 
We find with high significance an improved fit to the diffuse gamma-ray emission observed with the Fermi-LAT, if our new H i model is used to estimate the cosmic-ray induced diffuse gamma-ray emission. 
The fit still requires a nuclear bulge at high significance. Once this is included there is no evidence of a dark-matter signal, be it cuspy or cored. But an additional so-called boxy bulge is still favored by the data. 
This finding is robust under the variation of various parameters, for example, the excitation temperature of atomic hydrogen, and a number of tests for systematic issues.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6032
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 929
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1  - Stegemann, Robert
A1  - Lyamkin, Viktor
A1  - Cabeza, Sandra
A1  - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1  - Pelkner, Matthias
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
T1  - Subsurface and bulk residual stress analysis of S235JRC+C Steel TIG weld by diffraction and magnetic stray field measurements
JF  - Experimental mechanics : an international journal of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
N2  - Background
Due to physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, it is assumed in the literature that the distribution of the magnetic stray field corresponds to the internal (residual) stress of the specimen. 
The correlation is, however, not trivial, since the magnetic stray field is also influenced by the microstructure and the geometry of component. 
The understanding of the correlation between residual stress and magnetic stray field could help to evaluate the integrity of welded components. 

Objective
This study aims at understanding the possible correlation of subsurface and bulk residual stress with magnetic stray field in a low carbon steel weld. 

Methods 
The residual stress was determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD, subsurface region) and by neutron diffraction (ND, bulk region). 
SXRD possesses a higher spatial resolution than ND. Magnetic stray fields were mapped by utilizing high-spatial-resolution giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensors. 

Results 
The subsurface residual stress overall correlates better with the magnetic stray field distribution than the bulk stress. This correlation is especially visible in the regions outside the heat affected zone, where the influence of the microstructural features is less pronounced but steep residual stress gradients are present. 

Conclusions 
It was demonstrated that the localized stray field sources without any obvious microstructural variations are associated with steep stress gradients. 
The good correlation between subsurface residual stress and magnetic signal indicates that the source of the magnetic stray fields is to be found in the range of the penetration depth of the SXRD measurements.
KW  - residual stress
KW  - magnetic stray field
KW  - synchrotron X-ray diffraction
KW  - neutron diffraction
KW  - TIG-welding
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-022-00841-x
SN  - 0014-4851
SN  - 1741-2765
VL  - 62
IS  - 6
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1025
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Genske, Ulrich
A1  - Jahnke, Paul
T1  - Human observer net
BT  - a platform tool for human observer studies of Image data
JF  - Radiology
N2  - Background: 
Current software applications for human observer studies of images lack flexibility in study design, platform independence, multicenter use, and assessment methods and are not open source, limiting accessibility and expandability.

Purpose: 
To develop a user-friendly software platform that enables efficient human observer studies in medical imaging with flexibility of study design. 

Materials and Methods: 
Software for human observer imaging studies was designed as an open-source web application to facilitate access, platform-independent usability, and multicenter studies. Different interfaces for study creation, participation, and management of results were implemented. The software was evaluated in human observer experiments between May 2019 and March 2021, in which duration of observer responses was tracked. Fourteen radiologists evaluated and graded software usability using the 100-point system usability scale. The application was tested in Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge browsers. 

Results: 
Software function was designed to allow visual grading analysis (VGA), multiple-alternative forced-choice (m-AFC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), localization ROC, free-response ROC, and customized designs. The mean duration of reader responses per image or per image set was 6.2 seconds 6 4.8 (standard deviation), 5.8 seconds 6 4.7, 8.7 seconds 6 5.7, and 6.0 seconds 6 4.5 in four-AFC with 160 image quartets per reader, four-AFC with 640 image quartets per reader, localization ROC, and experimental studies, respectively. The mean system usability scale score was 83 6 11 (out of 100). The documented code and a demonstration of the application are available online (https://github.com/genskeu/HON, https://hondemo.pythonanywhere.com/). 

Conclusion: 
A user-friendly and efficient open-source application was developed for human reader experiments that enables study design versatility, as well as platform-independent and multicenter usability.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.211832
SN  - 0033-8419
VL  - 303
IS  - 3
SP  - 524
EP  - 530
PB  - Radiologgical soc North America (RSNA)
CY  - Oak brook
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wassermann, Birgit
A1  - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1  - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1  - Kusstatscher, Peter
A1  - Müller, Henry
A1  - Cernava, Tomislav
A1  - Goertz, Simon
A1  - Rietz, Steffen
A1  - Abbadi, Amine
A1  - Berg, Gabriele
T1  - The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar-specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines
JF  - Microbial biotechnology
N2  - Seed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood. 
Here, we analysed the impact of plant-related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe. 

All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas. 

The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae. 
A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance. 
Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring. 

This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14077
SN  - 1751-7915
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
SP  - 2379
EP  - 2390
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
T1  - Divided loyalties?
BT  - the role of national IO staff in aid–funded procurement
JF  - Governance
N2  - Many operational International Organizations (IOs) rely on national staff when implementing projects in member states. However, fears persist that the loyalties of national IO staff may be divided when working in their home countries. The article studies differences in more than 50,000 procurement decisions taken in 1729 projects overseen by World Bank staff working as expatriates or in their home countries. The empirical results show that when staff work in their home countries, national suppliers' probability of winning procurement contracts increases. However, these increases are not driven by restricted procurement processes—that exclude competition—which are often seen as red flags for corruption. Instead, restricted procurement processes seem to be less likely when staff work in their home countries. These findings imply that national IO staff use their country-specific knowledge to increase the development effectiveness of procurement in line with the mandate of the World Bank.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12650
SN  - 0952-1895
SN  - 1468-0491
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1203
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schad, Daniel
A1  - Nicenboim, Bruno
A1  - Bürkner, Paul-Christian
A1  - Betancourt, Michael
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors
JF  - Psychological methods
N2  - Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/. <br /> Translational Abstract <br /> In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
KW  - Bayes factors
KW  - Bayesian model comparison
KW  - prior
KW  - posterior
KW  - simulation-based calibration
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000472
SN  - 1082-989X
SN  - 1939-1463
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 1404
EP  - 1426
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baccini, Leonardo
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1  - The social construction of global health priorities
BT  - an empirical analysis of contagion in bilateral health aid
JF  - International studies quarterly
N2  - Donors of development assistance for health typically provide funding for a range of disease focus areas, such as maternal health and child health, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. But funding for each disease category does not match closely its contribution to the disability and loss of life it causes and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We argue that peer influences in the social construction of global health priorities contribute to explaining this misalignment. Aid policy-makers are embedded in a social environment encompassing other donors, health experts, advocacy groups, and international officials. This social environment influences the conceptual and normative frameworks of decision-makers, which in turn affect their funding priorities. Aid policy-makers are especially likely to emulate decisions on funding priorities taken by peers with whom they are most closely involved in the context of expert and advocacy networks. We draw on novel data on donor connectivity through health IGOs and health INGOs and assess the argument by applying spatial regression models to health aid disbursed globally between 1990 and 2017. The analysis provides strong empirical support for our argument that the involvement in overlapping expert and advocacy networks shapes funding priorities regarding disease categories and recipient countries in health aid.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab092
SN  - 0020-8833
SN  - 1468-2478
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jozi Najafabadi, Azam
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Ryberg, Trond
A1  - Verwater, Vincent F.
A1  - Breton, Eline le
A1  - Handy, Mark R.
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
JF  - Solid earth : SE ; an interaktive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D V-P and V-P/V-S models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1-4.2 M-L were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500m in their epicenter and similar to 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0-20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie-Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021
SN  - 1869-9529
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 1087
EP  - 1109
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Genderjahn, Steffi
A1  - Lewin, Simon
A1  - Horn, Fabian
A1  - Schleicher, Anja M.
A1  - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
T1  - Living lithic and sublithic bacterial communities in Namibian drylands
JF  - Microorganisms : open access journal
N2  - Dryland xeric conditions exert a deterministic effect on microbial communities, forcing life into refuge niches. Deposited rocks can form a lithic niche for microorganisms in desert regions. Mineral weathering is a key process in soil formation and the importance of microbial-driven mineral weathering for nutrient extraction is increasingly accepted. Advances in geobiology provide insight into the interactions between microorganisms and minerals that play an important role in weathering processes. In this study, we present the examination of the microbial diversity in dryland rocks from the Tsauchab River banks in Namibia. We paired culture-independent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with culture-dependent (isolation of bacteria) techniques to assess the community structure and diversity patterns. Bacteria isolated from dryland rocks are typical of xeric environments and are described as being involved in rock weathering processes. For the first time, we extracted extra- and intracellular DNA from rocks to enhance our understanding of potentially rock-weathering microorganisms. We compared the microbial community structure in different rock types (limestone, quartz-rich sandstone and quartz-rich shale) with adjacent soils below the rocks. Our results indicate differences in the living lithic and sublithic microbial communities.
KW  - lithobiont
KW  - intracellular DNA
KW  - extracellular DNA
KW  - weathering
KW  - dryland
KW  - rock
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020235
SN  - 2076-2607
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1  - Harmful side effects
BT  - how government restrictions against transnational civil society affect global health
JF  - British journal of political science
N2  - Governments have increasingly adopted laws restricting the activities of international non-governmental organizations INGOs within their borders. Such laws are often intended to curb the ability of critical INGOs to discover and communicate government failures and abuses to domestic and international audiences. They can also have the unintended effect of reducing the presence and activities of INGOs working on health issues, and depriving local health workers and organizations of access to resources, knowledge and other forms of support. This study assesses whether legislative restrictions on INGOs are associated with fewer health INGOs in a wide range of countries and with the ability of those countries to mitigate disability-adjusted life years lost because of twenty-one disease categories between 1993 and 2017. The findings indicate that restrictive legislation hampered efforts by civil society to lighten the global burden of disease and had adverse side effects on the health of citizens worldwide.
KW  - international non-governmental organizations
KW  - INGOs
KW  - restrictions to civil society
KW  - closing civic space
KW  - authoritarianism
KW  - health services
KW  - global health
KW  - burden of disease
KW  - disability-adjusted life years
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000564
SN  - 0007-1234
SN  - 1469-2112
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 1293
EP  - 1310
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Macdonald, Elena
A1  - Merz, Bruno
A1  - Guse, Björn
A1  - Wietzke, Luzie
A1  - Ullrich, Sophie
A1  - Kemter, Matthias
A1  - Ahrens, Bodo
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
T1  - Event and catchment controls of heavy tail behavior of floods
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - In some catchments, the distribution of annual maximum streamflow shows heavy tail behavior, meaning the occurrence probability of extreme events is higher than if the upper tail decayed exponentially. Neglecting heavy tail behavior can lead to an underestimation of the likelihood of extreme floods and the associated risk. Partly contradictory results regarding the controls of heavy tail behavior exist in the literature and the knowledge is still very dispersed and limited. To better understand the drivers, we analyze the upper tail behavior and its controls for 480 catchments in Germany and Austria over a period of more than 50 years. The catchments span from quickly reacting mountain catchments to large lowland catchments, allowing for general conclusions. We compile a wide range of event and catchment characteristics and investigate their association with an indicator of the tail heaviness of flood distributions, namely the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. Following univariate analyses of these characteristics, along with an evaluation of different aggregations of event characteristics, multiple linear regression models, as well as random forests, are constructed. A novel slope indicator, which represents the relation between the return period of flood peaks and event characteristics, captures the controls of heavy tails best. Variables describing the catchment response are found to dominate the heavy tail behavior, followed by event precipitation, flood seasonality, and catchment size. The pre-event moisture state in a catchment has no relevant impact on the tail heaviness even though it does influence flood magnitudes.
KW  - heavy tail behavior
KW  - floods
KW  - event characteristics
KW  - catchment
KW  - characteristics
KW  - catchment response
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031260
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ashton, Gregory
A1  - Dietrich, Tim
T1  - The use of hypermodels to understand binary neutron star collisions
JF  - Nature astronomy
N2  - Gravitational waves from the collision of binary neutron stars provide a unique opportunity to study the behaviour of supranuclear matter, the fundamental properties of gravity and the cosmic history of our Universe. However, given the complexity of Einstein's field equations, theoretical models that enable source-property inference suffer from systematic uncertainties due to simplifying assumptions. We develop a hypermodel approach to compare and measure the uncertainty of gravitational-wave approximants. Using state-of-the-art models, we apply this new technique to the binary neutron star observations GW170817 and GW190425 and to the sub-threshold candidate GW200311_103121. Our analysis reveals subtle systematic differences (with Bayesian odds of similar to 2) between waveform models. A frequency-dependence study suggests that this may be due to the treatment of the tidal sector. This new technique provides a proving ground for model development and a means to identify waveform systematics in future observing runs where detector improvements will increase the number and clarity of binary neutron star collisions we observe.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01707-x
SN  - 2397-3366
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
SP  - 961
EP  - 967
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazzone, Angela
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Foody, Mairead
A1  - Blaya, Catherine
T1  - Editorial: A connected or isolated generation?
BT  - the impact of positive and harmful online communications on children and adolescents' wellbeing
JF  - Frontiers in education
KW  - children
KW  - adolescents
KW  - wellbeing
KW  - internet use
KW  - sharenting
KW  - cyberbullying
KW  - onlineharmful experiences
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.999028
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2370
EP  - 2388
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakoudi, Konstantina
A1  - Stachlewska, Iwona S.
A1  - Ritter, Christoph
T1  - An extended lidar-based cirrus cloud retrieval scheme
BT  - first application over an Arctic site
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica
N2  - Accurate and precise characterization of cirrus cloud geometrical and optical properties is essential for better constraining their radiative footprint. A lidar-based retrieval scheme is proposed here, with its performance assessed on fine spatio-temporal observations over the Arctic site of Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Two contributions related to cirrus geometrical (dynamic Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT)) and optical properties (constrained Klett) are reported. The dynamic WCT rendered cirrus detection more robust, especially for thin cirrus layers that frequently remained undetected by the classical WCT method. Regarding optical characterization, we developed an iterative scheme for determining the cirrus lidar ratio (LRci) that is a crucial parameter for aerosol - cloud discrimination. Building upon the Klett-Fernald method, the LRci was constrained by an additional reference value. In established methods, such as the double-ended Klett, an aerosol-free reference value is applied. In the proposed constrained Klett, however, the reference value was approximated from cloud-free or low cloud optical depth (COD up to 0.2) profiles and proved to agree with independent Raman estimates. For optically thin cirrus, the constrained Klett inherent uncertainties reached 50% (60-74%) in terms of COD (LRci). However, for opaque cirrus COD (LRci) uncertainties were lower than 10% (15%). The detection method discrepancies (dynamic versus static WCT) had a higher impact on the optical properties of low COD layers (up to 90%) compared to optically thicker ones (less than 10%). The constrained Klett presented high agreement with two established retrievals. For an exemplary cirrus cloud, the constrained Klett estimated the COD355 (LRci355) at 0.28 +/- 0.17 (29 +/- 4 sr), the double-ended Klett at 0.27 +/- 0.15 (32 +/- 4 sr) and the Raman retrievals at 0.22 +/- 0.12 (26 +/- 11 sr). Our approach to determine the necessary reference value can also be applied in established methods and increase their accuracy. In contrast, the classical aerosol-free assumption led to 44 sr LRci overestimation in optically thin layers and 2-8 sr in thicker ones. The multiple scattering effect was corrected using Eloranta (1998) and accounted for 50-60% extinction underestimation near the cloud base and 20-30% within the cirrus layers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.414770
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 8553
EP  - 8580
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schultze, Dina
A1  - Wirth, Richard
A1  - Wunder, Bernd
A1  - Loges, Anselm
A1  - Wilke, Max
A1  - Franz, Gerhard
T1  - Corundum-quartz metastability
BT  - the influence of a nanometer-sized phase on mineral equilibria in the system Al2O3-SiO2-H2O
JF  - Contributions to mineralogy and petrology
N2  - The metastable paragenesis of corundum and quartz is rare in nature but common in laboratory experiments where according to thermodynamic predictions aluminum-silicate polymorphs should form. We demonstrate here that the existence of a hydrous, silicon-bearing, nanometer-thick layer (called "HSNL") on the corundum surface can explain this metastability in experimental studies without invoking unspecific kinetic inhibition. We investigated experimentally formed corundum reaction products synthesized during hydrothermal and piston-cylinder experiments at 500-800 degrees C and 0.25-1.8 GPa and found that this HSNL formed inside and on the corundum crystals, thereby controlling the growth behavior of its host. The HSNL represents a substitution of Al with Si and H along the basal plane of corundum. Along the interface of corundum and quartz, the HSNL effectively isolates the bulk phases corundum and quartz from each other, thus apparently preventing their reaction to the stable aluminum silicate. High temperatures and prolonged experimental duration lead to recrystallization of corundum including the HSNL and to the formation of quartz + fluid inclusions inside the host crystal. This process reduces the phase boundary area between the bulk phases, thereby providing further opportunity to expand their coexistence. In addition to its small size, its transient nature makes it difficult to detect the HSNL in experiments and even more so in natural samples. Our findings emphasize the potential impact of nanometer-sized phases on geochemical reaction pathways and kinetics under metamorphic conditions in one of the most important chemical systems of the Earth's crust.
KW  - Experimental
KW  - Metastability
KW  - Corundum
KW  - Quartz
KW  - Nanolayers
KW  - Aluminium– silicates
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01786-5
SN  - 0010-7999
SN  - 1432-0967
VL  - 176
IS  - 4
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Ott, Christiane
A1  - Raupbach, Jana
A1  - Andernach, Lars
A1  - Renz, Matthias
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
T1  - Assessing bioavailability and bioactivity of 4-Hydroxythiazolidine-2-Thiones, newly discovered glucosinolate degradation products formed during domestic boiling of cabbage
JF  - Frontiers in nutrition
N2  - Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) that are valued for their potential health benefits. Frequently consumed representatives of these vegetables, for example, are white or red cabbage, which are typically boiled before consumption. Recently, 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were identified as a class of thermal glucosinolate degradation products that are formed during the boiling of cabbage. Since these newly discovered compounds are frequently consumed, this raises questions about their potential uptake and their possible bioactive functions. Therefore, 3-allyl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thione (allyl HTT) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl)thiazolidine-2-thione (4-MSOB HTT) as degradation products of the respective glucosinolates sinigrin and glucoraphanin were investigated. After consumption of boiled red cabbage broth, recoveries of consumed amounts of the degradation products in urine collected for 24 h were 18 +/- 5% for allyl HTT and 21 +/- 4% for 4-MSOB HTT (mean +/- SD, n = 3). To investigate the stability of the degradation products during uptake and to elucidate the uptake mechanism, both an in vitro stomach and an in vitro intestinal model were applied. The results indicate that the uptake of allyl HTT and 4-MSOB HTT occurs by passive diffusion. Both compounds show no acute cell toxicity, no antioxidant potential, and no change in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) activity up to 100 mu M. However, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinases-3 (GSK-3) in the range of 20% for allyl HTT for the isoform GSK-3 beta and 29% for 4-MSOB HTT for the isoform GSK-3 alpha at a concentration of 100 mu M was found. Neither health-promoting nor toxic effects of 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were found in the four tested assays carried out in this study, which contrasts with the properties of other glucosinolate degradation products, such as isothiocyanates.
KW  - stomach model
KW  - glycogen synthase kinase-3
KW  - cytotoxicity
KW  - antioxidant potential
KW  - intestinal model
KW  - cellular uptake
KW  - isothiocyanate
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.941286
SN  - 2296-861X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza
A1  - Rezapour, Mehdi
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Heimann, Sebastian
A1  - Sudhaus, Henriette
A1  - Isken, Marius Paul
T1  - Insight into the 2017-2019 Lurestan arc seismic sequence (Zagros, Iran); complex earthquake interaction in the basement and sediments
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - Despite its high-seismogenic potential, the details of the seismogenic processes of Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB) remains debated. Three large earthquakes (M-w 7.3, 5.9 and 6.3) struck in the Lurestan arc of the Zagros SFB in 2017 and 2018. The sequence was recorded by seismic stations at regional, and teleseismic distances. Coseismic surface displacements, measured by Sentinel-1A/B satellites, provide additional data and a unique opportunity to study these earthquakes in detail. Here, we complement previous studies of the coseismic slip distribution of the 12 November 2017 M-w 7.3 Ezgeleh earthquake by a detailed analysis of its aftershocks, and we analysed the rupture process of the two interrelated earthquakes (25 August 2018 M-w 5.9 Tazehabad and the 25 November 2018 M-w 6.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquakes). We model the surface displacements obtained from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and seismic records. We conduct non-linear probabilistic optimizations based on joint InSAR and seismic data to obtain finite-fault rupture of these earthquakes. The Lurestan arc earthquakes were followed by a sustained aftershock activity, with 133 aftershocks exceeding M-n 4.0 until 30 December 2019. We rely on the permanent seismic networks of Iran and Iraq to relocate similar to 700 M-n 3 + events and estimate moment tensor solutions for 85 aftershocks down to M-w 4.0. The 2017 Ezgeleh earthquake has been considered to activate a low-angle (similar to 17 degrees) dextral-thrust fault at the depth of 10-20 km. However, most of its aftershocks have shallow centroid depths (8-12 km). The joint interpretation of finite source models, moment tensor and hypocentral location indicate that the 2018 Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab earthquakes ruptured different strike-slip structures, providing evidence for the activation of the sinistral and dextral strike-slip faults, respectively. The deformation in the Lurestan arc is seismically accommodated by a complex fault system involving both thrust and strike-slip faults. Knowledge about the deformation characteristics is important for the understanding of crustal shortening, faulting and hazard and risk assessment in this region.
KW  - Joint Inversion
KW  - Waveform inversion
KW  - Earthquake source observations
KW  - Seismicity and tectonics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac057
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 230
IS  - 1
SP  - 114
EP  - 130
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramos-Larios, Gerardo
A1  - Toala, Jesús Alberto
A1  - Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Janis B.
A1  - Guerrero, Martin A.
A1  - Gomez-Gonzalez, Víctor Mauricio Alfonso
T1  - Rings and arcs around evolved stars - III. Physical conditions of the ring-like structures in the planetary nebula IC 4406 revealed by MUSE
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We present the analysis of Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of the planetary nebula (PN) IC 4406. MUSE images in key emission lines are used to unveil the presence of at least five ring-like structures north and south of the main nebula of IC4406. MUSE spectra are extracted from the rings to unambiguously assess for the first time in a PN their physical conditions, electron density (n(e)), and temperature (T-e). The rings are found to have similar T-e as the rim of the main nebula, but smaller n(e). Ratios between different ionic species suggest that the rings of IC4406 have a lower ionization state than the main cavity, in contrast to what was suggested for the rings in NGC 6543, the Cat's Eye Nebula.
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - planetary nebulae: general;
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: IC4406
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 513
IS  - 2
SP  - 2862
EP  - 2868
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dworkin, Emily R.
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Zinzow, Heidi
T1  - The global prevalence of sexual assault
BT  - a systematic review of international research since 2010
JF  - Psychology of violence
N2  - Objective:
We present a review of peer-reviewed English-language studies conducted outside the United States and Canada on the prevalence of sexual assault victimization in adolescence and adulthood published since 2010. 

Method:
A systematic literature search yielded 32 articles reporting on 45 studies from 29 countries. Studies that only provided prevalence estimates for sexual assault in intimate relationships or did not present separate rates for men and women were excluded. All studies were coded by two coders, and a risk of bias score was calculated for each study. Both past-year and prevalence rates covering longer periods were extracted. 

Results:
The largest number of studies came from Europe (n = 21), followed by Africa (n = 11), Asia, and Latin America (n = 6 each). One study came from the Middle East and no studies were found from Oceania. Across the 22 studies that reported past-year prevalence rates, figures ranged from 0% to 59.2% for women, 0.3% to 55.5% for men, and 1.5% to 18.2% for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) samples. The average risk of bias score was 5.7 out of 10. Studies varied widely in methodology. 

Conclusion:
Despite regional variation, most studies indicate that sexual assault is widespread. More sustained, systematic, and coordinated research efforts are needed to gauge the scale of sexual assault in different parts of the world and to develop prevention measures.
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - rape
KW  - international
KW  - review
KW  - sexual minority
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000374
SN  - 2152-0828
SN  - 2152-081X
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 497
EP  - 508
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Melchert, Jan Olaf
A1  - Wischhöfer, Philipp
A1  - Knoblauch, Christian
A1  - Eckhardt, Tim
A1  - Liebner, Susanne
A1  - Rethemeyer, Janet
T1  - Sources of CO2 Produced in Freshly Thawed Pleistocene-Age Yedoma Permafrost
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - The release of greenhouse gases from the large organic carbon stock in permafrost deposits in the circumarctic regions may accelerate global warming upon thaw. The extent of this positive climate feedback is thought to be largely controlled by the microbial degradability of the organic matter preserved in these sediments. In addition, weathering and oxidation processes may release inorganic carbon preserved in permafrost sediments as CO2, which is generally not accounted for. We used C-13 and C-14 analysis and isotopic mass balances to differentiate and quantify organic and inorganic carbon released as CO2 in the field from an active retrogressive thaw slump of Pleistocene-age Yedoma and during a 1.5-years incubation experiment. The results reveal that the dominant source of the CO2 released from freshly thawed Yedoma exposed as thaw mound is Pleistocene-age organic matter (48-80%) and to a lesser extent modern organic substrate (3-34%). A significant portion of the CO2 originated from inorganic carbon in the Yedoma (17-26%). The mixing of young, active layer material with Yedoma at a site on the slump floor led to the preferential mineralization of this young organic carbon source. Admixtures of younger organic substrates in the Yedoma thaw mound were small and thus rapidly consumed as shown by lower contributions to the CO2 produced during few weeks of aerobic incubation at 4 degrees C corresponding to approximately one thaw season. Future CO2 fluxes from the freshly thawed Yedoma will contain higher proportions of ancient inorganic (22%) and organic carbon (61-78%) as suggested by the results at the end, after 1.5 years of incubation. The increasing contribution of inorganic carbon during the incubation is favored by the accumulation of organic acids from microbial organic matter degradation resulting in lower pH values and, in consequence, in inorganic carbon dissolution. Because part of the inorganic carbon pool is assumed to be of pedogenic origin, these emissions would ultimately not alter carbon budgets. The results of this study highlight the preferential degradation of younger organic substrates in freshly thawed Yedoma, if available, and a substantial release of CO2 from inorganic sources.
KW  - yedoma ice complex
KW  - permafost
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climat change
KW  - thermokarst
KW  - radiocarbon
KW  - greenhouse gas
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.737237
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cruces-Zabala, José Alejandro
A1  - Ritter, Oliver
A1  - Weckmann, Ute
A1  - Tietze, Kristina
A1  - Meqbel, Naser M.
A1  - Audemard, Franck
A1  - Schmitz, Michael
T1  - Three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging of the Merida Andes, Venezuela
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The 100 km wide Merida Andes extend from the Colombian/Venezuelan border to the Coastal Cordillera. The mountain chain and its associated major strike-slip fault systems in western Venezuela formed due to oblique convergence of the Caribbean with the South American Plates and the north-eastwards expulsion of the North Andean Block. Due to the limited knowledge of lithospheric structures related to the formation of the Merida Andes research projects have been developed to illuminate this zone with deep geophysical data. In this study, we present three-dimensional inversion of broadband magnetotelluric data, collected along a 240 km long profile crossing the Merida Andes and the Maracaibo and Barinas-Apure foreland basins. The distribution of the stations limits resolution of the model to off-profile features. Combining 3D inversion of synthetic data sets derived from 3D modelling with 3D inversion of measured data, we could derive a 10 to 15 km wide corridor with good lateral resolution to develop hypotheses about the origin of deep-reaching anomalies of high electrical conductivity. The Merida Andes appear generally as electrically resistive structures, separated by anomalies associated with the most important fault systems of the region, the Bocono and Valera faults. Sensitivity tests suggest that the Valera Fault reaches to depths of up to 12 km and the Bocono Fault to more than 35 km depth. Both structures are connected to a sizeable conductor located east of the profile at 12-15 km depth. We propose that the high conductivity associated with this off-profile conductor may be related to the detachment of the Trujillo Block. We also identified a conductive zone that correlates spatially with the location of a gravity low, possibly representing a SE tilt of the Maracaibo Triangular Block under the mountain chain to great depths (>30 km). The relevance of these tectonic blocks in our models at crustal depths seems to be consistent with proposed theories that describe the geodynamics of western Venezuela as dominated by floating blocks or orogens. Our results stress the importance of the Trujillo Block for the current tectonic evolution of western Venezuela and confirm the relevance of the Bocono Fault carrying deformation to the lower crust and upper mantle. The Barinas-Apure and the Maracaibo sedimentary basins are imaged as electrically conductive with depths of 4 to 5 km and 5 to 10 km, respectively. The Barinas-Apure basin is imaged as a simple 1D structure, in contrast to the Maracaibo Basin, where a series of conductive and resistive bodies could be related to active deformation causing the juxtaposition of older geological formations and younger basin sediments.
KW  - Magnetotellurics
KW  - Merida Andes
KW  - Geodynamics
KW  - Trujillo Block
KW  - Chain structure
KW  - Strike-slip faults
KW  - Bocono
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103711
SN  - 0895-9811
SN  - 1873-0647
VL  - 114
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreymann, Nico
A1  - Wuensche, Julia
A1  - Sabrowski, Wiebke
A1  - Moeller, Anja
A1  - Czepluch, Denise
A1  - Vu Van, Dana
A1  - Füssel, Susanne
A1  - Menger, Marcus M.
T1  - Inhibition of Human Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Enzyme Activity and Receptor Binding by DNA Aptamers as Potential Therapeutics through Binding to the Different Forms of uPA
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is widely discussed as a marker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis and as a target for cancer therapies. Together with its receptor, uPA plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. In the present study, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select single-stranded DNA aptamers targeting different forms of human uPA. Selected aptamers allowed the distinction between HMW-uPA and LMW-uPA, and therefore, presumably, have different binding regions. Here, uPAapt-02-FR showed highly affine binding with a K-D of 0.7 nM for HMW-uPA and 21 nM for LMW-uPA and was also able to bind to pro-uPA with a K-D of 14 nM. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity to mouse uPA or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was measured, demonstrating high specificity. Suppression of the catalytic activity of uPA and inhibition of uPAR-binding could be demonstrated through binding with different aptamers and several of their truncated variants. Since RNA aptamers are already known to inhibit uPA-uPAR binding and other pathological functions of the uPA system, these aptamers represent a novel, promising tool not only for detection of uPA but also for interfering with the pathological functions of the uPA system by additionally inhibiting uPA activity.
KW  - biomarker
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer therapy
KW  - DNA aptamer
KW  - microscale thermophoresis (MST)
KW  - SELEX
KW  - surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR)
KW  - uPA
KW  - uPAR
KW  - urokinase
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094890
SN  - 1661-6596
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja
A1  - Aral, Tuğçe
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Kunyu, David Khisoni
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hanna
T1  - Effects of a brief self-affirmation writing intervention among 7(th) graders in Germany
BT  - testing for variations by heritage group, discrimination experiences and classroom diversity climate
JF  - Social psychology of education : an international journal
N2  - We tested whether a brief self-affirmation writing intervention protected against identity-threats (i.e., stereotyping and discrimination) for adolescents' school-related adjustment. The longitudinal study followed 639 adolescents in Germany (65% of immigrant descent, 50% female, M-age = 12.35 years, SDage = .69) from 7(th) grade (pre-intervention at T1, five to six months post-intervention at T2) to the end of 8(th) grade (one-year follow-up at T3). We tested for direct and moderated (by heritage group, discrimination, classroom cultural diversity climate) effects using regression and latent change models. The self-affirmation intervention did not promote grades or math competence. However, in the short-term and for adolescents of immigrant descent, the intervention prevented a downward trajectory in mastery reactions to academic challenges for those experiencing greater discrimination. Further, it protected against a decline in behavioral school engagement for those in positive classroom cultural diversity climates. In the long-term and for all adolescents, the intervention lessened an upward trajectory in disruptive behavior. Overall, the self-affirmation intervention benefited some aspects of school-related adjustment for adolescents of immigrant and non-immigrant descent. The intervention context is important, with classroom cultural diversity climate acting as a psychological affordance enhancing affirmation effects. Our study supports the ongoing call for theorizing and empirically testing student and context heterogeneity to better understand for whom and under which conditions this intervention may work.
KW  - Brief self-affirmation writing intervention
KW  - Adolescents of immigrant
KW  - descent
KW  - School-related adjustment
KW  - Classroom cultural diversity
KW  - climate
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09789-9
SN  - 1381-2890
SN  - 1573-1928
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Valenzuela-Malebran, Carla
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Lopez-Comino, José Ángel
A1  - Zeckra, Martin
A1  - Krüger, F.
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Source mechanisms and rupture processes of the Jujuy seismic nest, Chile-Argentina border
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The Altiplano-Puna plateau, in Central Andes, is the second-largest continental plateau on Earth, extending between 22 degrees and 27 degrees S at an average altitude of 4400 m. The Puna plateau has been formed in consequence of the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American plate, which has an average crustal thickness of 50 km at this location. A large seismicity cluster, the Jujuy cluster, is observed at depth of 150-250 km beneath the central region of the Puna plateau. The cluster is seismically very active, with hundreds of earthquakes reported and a peak magnitude MW 6.6 on 25th August 2006. The cluster is situated in one of three band of intermediate-depth focus seismicity, which extend parallel to the trench roughly North to South. It has been hypothesized that the Jujuy cluster could be a seismic nest, a compact seismogenic region characterized by a high stationary activity relative to its surroundings. In this study, we collected more than 40 years of data from different catalogs and proof that the cluster meets the three conditions of a seismic nest. Compared to other known intermediate depth nests at Hindu Kush (Afganisthan) or Bucaramanga (Colombia), the Jujuy nest presents an outstanding seismicity rate, with more than 100 M4+ earthquakes per year. We additionally performed a detailed analysis of the rupture process of some of the largest earthquakes in the nest, by means of moment tensor inversion and directivity analysis. We focused on the time period 2017-2018, where the seismic monitoring was the most extended. Our results show that earthquakes in the nest take place within the eastward subducting oceanic plate, but rupture along sub-horizontal planes dipping westward. We suggest that seismicity at Jujuy nest is controlled by dehydration processes, which are also responsible for the generation of fluids ascending to the crust beneath the Puna volcanic region. We use the rupture plane and nest geometry to provide a constraint to maximal expected magnitude, which we estimate as MW -6.7.
KW  - Seismic nest
KW  - Intermediate-deep earthquakes
KW  - Cluster analysis moment
KW  - tensor inversion
KW  - directivity analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103887
SN  - 0895-9811
SN  - 1873-0647
VL  - 117
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carvalho, Thayslan
A1  - Brosinsky, Arlena
A1  - Foerster, Saskia
A1  - Teixeira, Adunias
A1  - Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto
T1  - Reservoir sediment characterisation by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a semiarid region to support sediment reuse for soil fertilization
JF  - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation
N2  - Purpose:
Soil erosion by water yields sediment to surface reservoirs, reducing their storage capacities, changing their geometry, and degrading water quality. Sediment reuse, i.e., fertilization of agricultural soils with the nutrient-enriched sediment from reservoirs, has been proposed as a recovery strategy. However, the sediment needs to meet certain criteria. In this study, we characterize sediments from the densely dammed semiarid Northeast Brazil by VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy and assess the effect of spectral resolution and spatial scale on the accuracy of N, P, K, C, electrical conductivity, and clay prediction models. 

Methods
Sediment was collected in 10 empty reservoirs, and physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as spectral measurements were performed. The spectra, initially measured at 1 nm spectral resolution, were resampled to 5 and 10 nm, and samples were analysed for both high and low spectral resolution at three spatial scales, namely (1) reservoir, (2) catchment, and (3) regional scale. 

Results
Partial least square regressions performed from good to very good in the prediction of clay and electrical conductivity from reservoir (<40 km(2)) to regional (82,500 km(2)) scales. Models for C and N performed satisfactorily at the reservoir scale, but degraded to unsatisfactory at the other scales. Models for P and K were more unstable and performed from unsatisfactorily to satisfactorily at all scales. Coarsening spectral resolution by up to 10 nm only slightly degrades the models' performance, indicating the potential of characterizing sediment from spectral data captured at lower resolutions, such as by hyperspectral satellite sensors. 

Conclusion:
By reducing the costly and time-consuming laboratory analyses, the method helps to promote the sediment reuse as a practice of soil and water conservation.
KW  - Sediment characterization
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Sediment reuse
KW  - Surface
KW  - reservoirs
KW  - Semiarid
KW  - Brazil
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03281-1
SN  - 1439-0108
SN  - 1614-7480
VL  - 22
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2577
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puri, Manish
A1  - Varde, Aparna S.
A1  - Melo, Gerard de
T1  - Commonsense based text mining on urban policy
JF  - Language resources and evaluation
N2  - Local laws on urban policy, i.e., ordinances directly affect our daily life in various ways (health, business etc.), yet in practice, for many citizens they remain impervious and complex. This article focuses on an approach to make urban policy more accessible and comprehensible to the general public and to government officials, while also addressing pertinent social media postings. Due to the intricacies of the natural language, ranging from complex legalese in ordinances to informal lingo in tweets, it is practical to harness human judgment here. To this end, we mine ordinances and tweets via reasoning based on commonsense knowledge so as to better account for pragmatics and semantics in the text. Ours is pioneering work in ordinance mining, and thus there is no prior labeled training data available for learning. This gap is filled by commonsense knowledge, a prudent choice in situations involving a lack of adequate training data. The ordinance mining can be beneficial to the public in fathoming policies and to officials in assessing policy effectiveness based on public reactions. This work contributes to smart governance, leveraging transparency in governing processes via public involvement. We focus significantly on ordinances contributing to smart cities, hence an important goal is to assess how well an urban region heads towards a smart city as per its policies mapping with smart city characteristics, and the corresponding public satisfaction.
KW  - Commonsense reasoning
KW  - Opinion mining
KW  - Ordinances
KW  - Smart cities
KW  - Social
KW  - media
KW  - Text mining
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-022-09584-6
SN  - 1574-020X
SN  - 1574-0218
VL  - 57
SP  - 733
EP  - 763
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2366
EP  - 2369
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bryant, Seth
A1  - Davies, Evan
A1  - Sol, David
A1  - Davis, Sandy
T1  - The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood
JF  - Journal of flood risk management
N2  - After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the $4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations.
KW  - Calgary
KW  - depth-damage functions
KW  - expected annual damages
KW  - flood risk
KW  - model
KW  - property level protection measures
KW  - risk analysis
KW  - risk dynamics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12811
SN  - 1753-318X
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Delpero, Manuel
A1  - Arends, Danny
A1  - Sprechert, Maximilian
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Kluth, Oliver
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
A1  - Brockmann, Gudrun A.
A1  - Hesse, Deike
T1  - Identification of four novel QTL linked to the metabolic syndrome in the Berlin Fat Mouse
JF  - International journal of obesity / North American Association for the Study of Obesity
N2  - Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive. Methods In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 x BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used. Results Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8-100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5-26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9-74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9-21.4 Mb). Conclusions QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00991-3
SN  - 0307-0565
SN  - 1476-5497
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 307
EP  - 315
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - Avenel, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Kai
A1  - Hu, Jiege
A1  - Yang, Shuai
A1  - Xu, Wei
A1  - Wang, Zhichao
A1  - Zhuang, Peiwen
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Luo, Zhuhua
T1  - Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by the marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans 6UPA1
JF  - Journal of hazardous materials
N2  - Lack of degradability and the accumulation of polymeric wastes increase the risk for the health of the environment. Recently, recycling of polymeric waste materials becomes increasingly important as raw materials for polymer synthesis are in short supply due to the rise in price and supply chain disruptions. As an important polymer, polyurethane (PU) is widely used in modern life, therefore, PU biodegradation is desirable to avoid its accumulation in the environment. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain Cladosporium halotolerans from the deep sea which can grow in mineral medium with a polyester PU (Impranil DLN) as a sole carbon source. Further, we demonstrate that it can degrade up to 80% of Impranil PU after 3 days of incubation at 28 celcius by breaking the carbonyl groups (1732 cm(-1)) and C-N-H bonds (1532 cm(-1) and 1247 cm(-1)) as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed polyols and alkanes as PU degradation intermediates, indicating the hydrolysis of ester and urethane bonds. Esterase and urease activities were detected in 7 days-old cultures with PU as a carbon source. Transcriptome analysis showed a number of extracellular protein genes coding for enzymes such as cutinase, lipase, peroxidase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins A (HsbA) were expressed when cultivated on Impranil PU. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the hydrophobic surface binding protein ChHsbA1 directly interacts with inducible esterases, ChLip1 (lipase) and ChCut1 (cutinase). Further, the KEGG pathway for "fatty acid degradation " was significantly enriched in Impranil PU inducible genes, indicating that the fungus may use the degradation intermediates to generate energy via this pathway. Taken together, our data indicates secretion of both esterase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins by C. halotolerans plays an important role in Impranil PU absorption and subsequent degradation. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into Impranil PU biodegradation by deep sea fungi and provides the basis for future development of biotechnological PU recycling.
KW  - Impranil PU degradation
KW  - Lipase
KW  - Cutinase
KW  - HsbA
KW  - Fatty acid degradation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129406
SN  - 0304-3894
SN  - 1873-3336
VL  - 437
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonnet, Philippe
A1  - Dong, Xin Luna
A1  - Naumann, Felix
A1  - Tözün, Pınar
T1  - VLDB 2021
BT  - Designing a hybrid conference
JF  - SIGMOD record
N2  - The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0163-5808
SN  - 1943-5835
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marot, Medhi
A1  - Chevalère, Johann
A1  - Spatola, Nicolas
T1  - Depressed mood, a better predictor of social-distancing compliance and candidate for intervention compared to working memory capacity
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024017118
SN  - 0027-8424
SN  - 1091-6490
VL  - 118
IS  - 8
PB  - National Academy of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-Alexe
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Matieta, Valaire Yemene
A1  - Kuete, Jenifer Reine Ngnouzouba
A1  - Kuete, Victor
A1  - Omer, Ejlal A. A.
A1  - Efferth, Thomas
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Synthesis and bioactivity of isoflavones from ficus carica and some non-natural analogues
JF  - Journal of natural products : Lloydia
N2  - FicucariconeD (1) and its 4 '-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both naturalproducts were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesisin six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key stepsare a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangementsto install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids,non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compoundswere tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistanthuman leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compoundswere also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eightGram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition ofthe efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide(PA beta N) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in mostcases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 mu M and activity improvementfactors as high as 128-fold.
KW  - Antimicrobial activity
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Ethers
KW  - Flavonoids
KW  - Mixtures
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00219
SN  - 0163-3864
SN  - 1520-6025
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
SP  - 1520
EP  - 1528
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Geiger, Christina
A1  - Reitenbach, Julija
A1  - Henschel, Cristiane
A1  - Kreuzer, Lucas
A1  - Widmann, Tobias
A1  - Wang, Peixi
A1  - Mangiapia, Gaetano
A1  - Moulin, Jean-François
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
T1  - Ternary nanoswitches realized with multiresponsive PMMA-b-PNIPMAM films in mixed water/acetone vapor atmospheres
JF  - Advanced engineering materials
N2  - To systematically add functionality to nanoscale polymer switches, an understanding of their responsive behavior is crucial. Herein, solvent vapor stimuli are applied to thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block for realizing ternary nanoswitches. Three significantly distinct film states are successfully implemented by the combination of amphiphilicity and co-nonsolvency effect. The exposure of the thin films to nitrogen, pure water vapor, and mixed water/acetone (90 vol%/10 vol%) vapor switches the films from a dried to a hydrated (solvated and swollen) and a water/acetone-exchanged (solvated and contracted) equilibrium state. These three states have distinctly different film thicknesses and solvent contents, which act as switch positions "off," "on," and "standby." For understanding the switching process, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR) and spectral reflectance (SR) studies of the swelling and dehydration process are complemented by information on the local solvation of functional groups probed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An accelerated responsive behavior beyond a minimum hydration/solvation level is attributed to the fast build-up and depletion of the hydration shell of PNIPMAM, caused by its hydrophobic moieties promoting a cooperative hydration character.
KW  - co-nonsolvency
KW  - diblock copolymers
KW  - nanoswitches
KW  - neutron reflectometry
KW  - thin films
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100191
SN  - 1438-1656
SN  - 1527-2648
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Mönkemöller, Karla
A1  - Groppe, Karoline
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Introduction: 
Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). 

Methods:
In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. 

Results:
The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. 

Discussion:
Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age.
KW  - cardiac perception
KW  - interoception
KW  - emotion
KW  - decision making
KW  - Iowa gambling task
KW  - somatic-marker hypothesis
KW  - childhood development
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haile, Sarah R.
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Stocker, Julien
A1  - Radtke, Thomas
A1  - Kriemler, Susi
T1  - Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - BMJ open
N2  - Objectives:
It is essential to have simple, reliable and valid tests to measure children's functional capacity in schools or medical practice. The 1-minute sit-to-stand (STS) test is a quick fitness test requiring little equipment or space that is increasingly used in both healthy populations and those with chronic disease. We aimed to provide age-specific and sex-specific reference values of STS test in healthy children and adolescents and to evaluate its short-term reliability and construct validity. 

Design setting and participants:
Cross-sectional convenience sample from six public schools and one science fair in central Europe. Overall, 587 healthy participants aged 5-16 years were recruited and divided into age groups of 3 years each.

Outcomes:
1-minute STS. To evaluate short-term reliability, some children performed the STS test twice. To evaluate construct validity, some children also performed a standing long jump (SLJ) and a maximal incremental exercise test. 

Results:
Data from 547 youth aged 5-16 years were finally included in the analyses. The median number of repetitions in 1 min in males (females) ranged from 55 [95% CI: 38 to 72] (53 [95% CI: 35 to 76]) in 14-16-year olds to 59 [95% CI: 41 to 77] (60 [95% CI: 38 to 77]) in 8-10-year olds. Children who repeated STS showed a learning effect of on average 4.8 repetitions more than the first test (95% limits of agreement: -6.7 to 16.4). Moderate correlations were observed between the STS and the SLJ (r=0.48) tests and the maximal exercise test (r=0.43). 

Conclusions:
The reported STS reference values can be used to interpret STS test performance in children and adolescents. The STS appears to have good test- retest reliability, but a learning effect of about 10%. The association of STS with other measures of physical fitness should be further explored in a larger study and technical standards for its conduct are needed.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049143
SN  - 2044-6055
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kumar, Satish
A1  - Guntu, Ravi Kumar
A1  - Agarwal, Ankit
A1  - Villuri, Vasant Govind Kumar
A1  - Pasupuleti, Srinivas
A1  - Kaushal, Deo Raj
A1  - Gosian, Ashwin Kumar
A1  - Bronstert, Axel
T1  - Multi-objective optimization for stormwater management by green-roofs and infiltration trenches to reduce urban flooding in central Delhi
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - Urban surface runoff management via best management practices (BMP) and low impact development (LID) has earned significant recognition owing to positive environmental and ecological impacts. However, due to the complexity of the parameters involved, the estimation of LID efficiency in attenuating the urban surface runoff at the watershed scale is challenging. A planning analysis of employing Green Roofs and Infiltration Trenches as BMPs/LIDs practices for urban surface runoff control is presented in this study. A multi-objective optimization decision-making framework is established by coupling SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) with NSGA-II models to check the performance of BMPs/LIDs concerning the cost-benefit analysis of LID at the watershed scale. Two urbanized areas belonging to Central Delhi in India were used as case studies. The results showed that the SWMM model is useful in simulating optimization problems for managing urban surface runoff. The optimum scenarios efficiently minimized the urban runoff volume while maintaining the BMPs/LIDs implementation costs and size. With BMPs/LIDs implementation, the reduction in runoff volume increases as expenses increase initially; however, there is no noticeable reduction in flood volume after a certain threshold. Contrasted with the haphazard arrangement of BMPs/LIDs, the proposed approach demonstrates 22%-24% runoff reductions for the same expenditures in watershed 1 and 23%-26% in watershed 2. The result of the study provides insights into planning and management of the urban surface runoff control with LID practices. The proposed framework assists the hydrologists in optimum selection and placements of BMPs/LIDs practices to acquire the most extreme ecological advantages with the least expenses.
KW  - Storm water management model
KW  - Genetic algorithm
KW  - NSGA-II
KW  - Best management practice
KW  - Low impact development
KW  - Cost-benefit
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127455
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 606
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Marle, Allard Jan
A1  - Bohdan, Artem
A1  - Morris, Paul J.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
T1  - Diffusive shock acceleration at oblique high mach number shocks
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - The current paradigm of cosmic-ray (CR) origin states that the greater part of galactic CRs is produced by supernova remnants. The interaction of supernova ejecta with the interstellar medium after a supernova's explosions results in shocks responsible for CR acceleration via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We use particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a combined PIC-magnetohydrodynamic (PIC-MHD) technique to investigate whether DSA can occur in oblique high Mach number shocks. Using the PIC method, we follow the formation of the shock and determine the fraction of the particles that gets involved in DSA. With this result, we use PIC-MHD simulations to model the large-scale structure of the plasma and the magnetic field surrounding the shock and find out whether or not the reflected particles can generate upstream turbulence and trigger DSA. We find that the feasibility of this process in oblique shocks depends strongly on the Alfvenic Mach number, and the DSA process is more likely to be triggered at high Mach number shocks.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5962
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 929
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Allison, Hayley J.
A1  - Wang, Dedong
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Szabo-Roberts, Matyas
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Vasile, Ruggero
T1  - A new population of ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer radiation zone
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics
N2  - Van Allen Probes measurements revealed the presence of the most unusual structures in the ultra-relativistic radiation belts. Detailed modeling, analysis of pitch angle distributions, analysis of the difference between relativistic and ultra-realistic electron evolution, along with theoretical studies of the scattering and wave growth, all indicate that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can produce a very efficient loss of the ultra-relativistic electrons in the heart of the radiation belts. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the profiles of phase space densities provides direct evidence for localized loss by EMIC waves. The evolution of multi-MeV fluxes shows dramatic and very sudden enhancements of electrons for selected storms. Analysis of phase space density profiles reveals that growing peaks at different values of the first invariant are formed at approximately the same radial distance from the Earth and show the sequential formation of the peaks from lower to higher energies, indicating that local energy diffusion is the dominant source of the acceleration from MeV to multi-MeV energies. Further simultaneous analysis of the background density and ultra-relativistic electron fluxes shows that the acceleration to multi-MeV energies only occurs when plasma density is significantly depleted outside of the plasmasphere, which is consistent with the modeling of acceleration due to chorus waves.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - ultra-relativistic electrons
KW  - EMIC waves
KW  - modeling;
KW  - plasma density
KW  - chorus waves
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030214
SN  - 2169-9380
SN  - 2169-9402
VL  - 127
IS  - 5
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raffeiner, Margot
A1  - Üstün, Suayib
A1  - Guerra, Tiziana
A1  - Spinti, Daniela
A1  - Fitzner, Maria
A1  - Sonnewald, Sophia
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Börnke, Frederik
T1  - The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum)
JF  - The plant cell
N2  - As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac032
SN  - 1040-4651
SN  - 1532-298X
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
SP  - 1684
EP  - 1708
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Cary
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Landis, D. A.
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Pfitzer, Maximilian F.
A1  - Smirnov, Artem G.
T1  - NARX Neural Network Derivations of the Outer Boundary Radiation Belt Electron Flux
JF  - Space Weather: the international journal of research and applications
N2  - We present two new empirical models of radiation belt electron flux at geostationary orbit. GOES-15 measurements of 0.8 MeV electrons were used to train a Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous input (NARX) neural network for both modeling GOES-15 flux values and an upper boundary condition scaling factor (BF). The GOES-15 flux model utilizes an input and feedback delay of 2 and 2 time steps (i.e., 5 min time steps) with the most efficient number of hidden layers set to 10. Magnetic local time, Dst, Kp, solar wind dynamic pressure, AE, and solar wind velocity were found to perform as predicative indicators of GOES-15 flux and therefore were used as the exogenous inputs. The NARX-derived upper boundary condition scaling factor was used in conjunction with the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code to produce reconstructions of the radiation belts during the period of July-November 1990, independent of in-situ observations. Here, Kp was chosen as the sole exogenous input to be more compatible with the VERB code. This Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite-era reconstruction showcases the potential to use these neural network-derived boundary conditions as a method of hindcasting the historical radiation belts. This study serves as a companion paper to another recently published study on reconstructing the radiation belts during Solar Cycles 17-24 (Saikin et al., 2021, ), for which the results featured in this paper were used.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - forecasting (1922, 4315, 7924, 7964)
KW  - machine learning (0555)
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002774
SN  - 1542-7390
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lescesen, Igor
A1  - Sraj, Mojca
A1  - Basarin, Biljana
A1  - Pavic, Dragoslav
A1  - Mesaros, Minucer
A1  - Mudelsee, Manfred
T1  - Regional flood frequency analysis of the sava river in south-eastern Europe
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is a powerful method for interrogating hydrological series since it combines observational time series from several sites within a region to estimate risk-relevant statistical parameters with higher accuracy than from single-site series. Since RFFA extreme value estimates depend on the shape of the selected distribution of the data-generating stochastic process, there is need for a suitable goodness-of-distributional-fit measure in order to optimally utilize given data. Here we present a novel, least-squares-based measure to select the optimal fit from a set of five distributions, namely Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic, Gumbel, Log-Normal Type III and Log-Pearson Type III. The fit metric is applied to annual maximum discharge series from six hydrological stations along the Sava River in South-eastern Europe, spanning the years 1961 to 2020. Results reveal that (1) the Sava River basin can be assessed as hydrologically homogeneous and (2) the GEV distribution provides typically the best fit. We offer hydrological-meteorological insights into the differences among the six stations. For the period studied, almost all stations exhibit statistically insignificant trends, which renders the conclusions about flood risk as relevant for hydrological sciences and the design of regional flood protection infrastructure.
KW  - discharge time series
KW  - flood risk analysis
KW  - Generalized Extreme Value distribution
KW  - L-moments estimation
KW  - regional flood frequency analysis
KW  - Sava River
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159282
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 14
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramachandran, Srikanthan
A1  - Rupakheti, Maheswar
A1  - Cherian, R.
A1  - Lawrence, Mark
T1  - Climate Benefits of Cleaner Energy Transitions in East and South Asia Through Black Carbon Reduction
JF  - Frontiers in environmental science
N2  - The state of air pollution has historically been tightly linked to how we produce and use energy. Air pollutant emissions over Asia are now changing rapidly due to cleaner energy transitions; however, magnitudes of benefits for climate and air quality remain poorly quantified. The associated risks involve adverse health impacts, reduced agricultural yields, reduced freshwater availability, contributions to climate change, and economic costs. We focus particularly on climate benefits of energy transitions by making first-time use of two decades of high quality observations of atmospheric loading of light-absorbing black carbon (BC) over Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia) and relating these observations to changing energy, emissions, and economic trends in India and China. Our analysis reveals that absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) due to BC has decreased substantially, by 40% over Kanpur and 60% over Beijing between 2001 and 2017, and thus became decoupled from regional economic growth. Furthermore, the resultant decrease in BC emissions and BC AAOD over Asia is regionally coherent and occurs primarily due to transitions into cleaner energies (both renewables and fossil fuels) and not due to the decrease in primary energy supply or decrease in use of fossil use and biofuels and waste. Model simulations show that BC aerosols alone contribute about half of the surface temperature change (warming) of the total forcing due to greenhouse gases, natural and internal variability, and aerosols, thus clearly revealing the climate benefits due to a reduction in BC emissions, which would significantly reduce global warming. However, this modeling study excludes responses from natural variability, circulation, and sea ice responses, which cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may mask signals from BC aerosols. Our findings show additional benefits for climate (beyond benefits of CO2 reduction) and for several other issues of sustainability over South and East Asia, provide motivation for ongoing cleaner energy production, and consumption transitions, especially when they are associated with reduced emissions of air pollutants. Such an analysis connecting the trends in energy transitions and aerosol absorption loading, unavailable so far, is crucial for simulating the aerosol climate impacts over Asia which is quite uncertain.
KW  - cleaner energy transitions
KW  - Asia
KW  - air pollution
KW  - black carbon
KW  - climate benefits
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842319
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Weyland, Michael
T1  - Enhancing higher entrepreneurship education: insights from practitioners for curriculum improvement
JF  - The International journal of Management Education
N2  - Curricula for higher entrepreneurship education should meet the requirements of both a solid theoretical foundation and a practical orientation. When these curricula are designed by education specialists, entrepreneurs are usually not consulted. To explore practitioners’ curricular recommendations, we conducted 73 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs with at least five years of professional experience. We collected 49 items for teaching and learning objectives, 37 for contents, 28 for teaching methods, and 17 for assessment methods. The respondents are convinced that students should acquire solid knowledge in business and management, legal issues, and entrepreneurship. For the latter, only some core aspects are provided. The entrepreneurs put greater emphasis on entrepreneurial skills and attitudes and consider experiential learning designs as most suitable, both in the secure setting of the classroom and in real life. The findings can help reflect on current entrepreneurship curriculum designs.
KW  - curriculum design
KW  - curriculum development
KW  - entrepreneurship education
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100981
SN  - 1472-8117
SN  - 2352-3565
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
T1  - Challenges and perspectives in recurrence analyses of event time series
JF  - Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics
N2  - The analysis of event time series is in general challenging. Most time series analysis tools are limited for the analysis of this kind of data. Recurrence analysis, a powerful concept from nonlinear time series analysis, provides several opportunities to work with event data and even for the most challenging task of comparing event time series with continuous time series. Here, the basic concept is introduced, the challenges are discussed, and the future perspectives are summarized.
KW  - event time series
KW  - extreme events
KW  - recurrence analysis
KW  - edit distance
KW  - synchronization
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1129105
SN  - 2297-4687
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiebeler, Christian
A1  - Vollbrecht, Joachim
A1  - Neuba, Adam
A1  - Kitzerow, Heinz
A1  - Schumacher, Stefan
T1  - Unraveling the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of neutral and negatively charged perylene tetraethylesters
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - A detailed investigation of the energy levels of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraethylester as a representative compound for the whole family of perylene esters was performed. It was revealed via electrochemical measurements that one oxidation and two reductions take place. The bandgaps determined via the electrochemical approach are in good agreement with the optical bandgap obtained from the absorption spectra via a Tauc plot. In addition, absorption spectra in dependence of the electrochemical potential were the basis for extensive quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic molecules. For this purpose, calculations based on density functional theory were compared with post-Hartree-Fock methods and the CAM-B3LYP functional proved to be the most reliable choice for the calculation of absorption spectra. Furthermore, spectral features found experimentally could be reproduced with vibronic calculations and allowed to understand their origins. In particular, the two lowest energy absorption bands of the anion are not caused by absorption of two distinct electronic states, which might have been expected from vertical excitation calculations, but both states exhibit a strong vibronic progression resulting in contributions to both bands.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95551-0
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brennecke, Julia
A1  - Coutinho, James A.
A1  - Gilding, Michael
A1  - Lusher, Dean
A1  - Schaffer, Graham
T1  - Invisible iterations: how formal and informal organization shape knowledge networks for coordination
JF  - Journal of management studies
N2  - This study takes a network approach to investigate coordination among knowledge workers as grounded in both formal and informal organization. We first derive hypotheses regarding patterns of knowledge-sharing relationships by which workers pass on and exchange tacit and codified knowledge within and across organizational hierarchies to address the challenges that underpin contemporary knowledge work. We use survey data and apply exponential random graph models to test our hypotheses. We then extend the quantitative network analysis with insights from qualitative interviews and demonstrate that the identified knowledge-sharing patterns are the micro-foundational traces of collective coordination resulting from two underlying coordination mechanisms which we label ‘invisible iterations’ and ‘bringing in the big guns’. These mechanisms and, by extension, the associated knowledge-sharing patterns enable knowledge workers to perform in a setting that is characterized by complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Our research contributes to theory on the interplay between formal and informal organization for coordination by showing how self-directed, informal action is supported by the formal organizational hierarchy. In doing so, it also extends understanding of the role that hierarchy plays for knowledge-intensive work. Finally, it establishes the collective need to coordinate work as a previously overlooked driver of knowledge network relationships and network patterns. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies published by Society for the Advancement of Management Studies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
KW  - coordination
KW  - hierarchy
KW  - informal organization
KW  - knowledge sharing
KW  - multiplexity
KW  - social network
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13076
SN  - 0022-2380
SN  - 1467-6486
SP  - 1
EP  - 42
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sidoli, Lara
A1  - Sguera, Vito
A1  - Esposito, Paolo
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
A1  - Polletta, Maria del Carmen
T1  - XMM-Newton discovery of very high obscuration in the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient AX J1714.1-3912
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We have analysed an archival XMM-Newton EPIC observation that serendipitously covered the sky position of a variable X-ray source AX J1714.1-3912, previously suggested to be a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT). During the XMM-Newton observation the source is variable on a timescale of hundred seconds and shows two luminosity states, with a flaring activity followed by unflared emission, with a variability amplitude of a factor of about 50. We have discovered an intense iron emission line with a centroid energy of 6.4 keV in the power law-like spectrum, modified by a large absorption (N-H similar to 10(24) cm(-2)), never observed before from this source. This X-ray spectrum is unusual for an SFXT, but resembles the so-called 'highly obscured sources', high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) hosting an evolved B[e] supergiant companion (sgB[e]). This might suggest that AX J1714.1-3912 is a new member of this rare type of HMXBs, which includes IGR J16318-4848 and CI Camelopardalis. Increasing this small population of sources would be remarkable, as they represent an interesting short transition evolutionary stage in the evolution of massive binaries. Nevertheless, AX J1714.1-3912 appears to share X-ray properties of both kinds of HMXBs (SFXT versus sgB[e] HMXB). Therefore, further investigations of the companion star are needed to disentangle the two hypothesis.
KW  - X-rays: binaries
KW  - X-rays: individual: AX J1714.1-3912
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac691
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 512
IS  - 2
SP  - 2929
EP  - 2935
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hannigan, Sara
A1  - Nendel, Claas
A1  - Krull, Marcos
T1  - Effects of temperature on the movement and feeding behaviour of the large lupine beetle, Sitona gressorius
JF  - Journal of pest science
N2  - Even though the effects of insect pests on global agricultural productivity are well recognised, little is known about movement and dispersal of many species, especially in the context of global warming. This work evaluates how temperature and light conditions affect different movement metrics and the feeding rate of the large lupine beetle, an agricultural pest responsible for widespread damage in leguminous crops. By using video recordings, the movement of 384 beetles was digitally analysed under six different temperatures and light conditions in the laboratory. Bayesian linear mixed-effect models were used to analyse the data. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on the daily diffusion coefficient of beetles were estimated by using hidden Markov models and random walk simulations. Results of this work show that temperature, light conditions, and beetles' weight were the main factors affecting the flight probability, displacement, time being active and the speed of beetles. Significant variations were also observed in all evaluated metrics. On average, beetles exposed to light conditions and higher temperatures had higher mean speed and flight probability. However, beetles tended to stay more active at higher temperatures and less active at intermediate temperatures, around 20 degrees C. Therefore, both the diffusion coefficient and displacement of beetles were lower at intermediate temperatures. These results show that the movement behaviour and feeding rates of beetles can present different relationships in the function of temperature. It also shows that using a single diffusion coefficient for insects in spatially explicit models may lead to over- or underestimation of pest spread.
KW  - Agricultural pests
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Hidden Markov models
KW  - Movement ecology
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01510-7
SN  - 1612-4758
SN  - 1612-4766
SP  - 389
EP  - 402
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Melani, Giacomo
A1  - Nagata, Yuki
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Vibrational energy relaxation of interfacial OH on a water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface
BT  - a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics study
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies
N2  - Vibrational relaxation of adsorbates is a sensitive tool to probe energy transfer at gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. The most direct way to study relaxation dynamics uses time-resolved spectroscopy. Here we report on a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) methodology to model vibrational relaxation of OH vibrations on a hydroxylated, water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface. In our NE-AIMD approach, after exciting selected O-H bonds their coupling to surface phonons and to the water adlayer is analyzed in detail, by following both the energy flow in time, as well as the time-evolution of Vibrational Density of States (VDOS) curves. The latter are obtained from Time-dependent Correlation Functions (TCFs) and serve as prototypical, generic representatives of time-resolved vibrational spectra. As most important results, (i) we find a few-picosecond lifetime of the excited modes and (ii) identify both hydrogen-bonded aluminols and water molecules in the adsorbed water layer as main dissipative channels, while the direct coupling to Al2O3 surface phonons is of minor importance on the timescales of interest. Our NE-AIMD/TCF methodology is powerful for complex adsorbate systems, in principle even reacting ones, and opens a way towards time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03777j
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 23
IS  - 13
SP  - 7714
EP  - 7723
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolff, Nora
A1  - Klimm, Detlef
A1  - Habicht, Klaus
A1  - Fritsch, Katharina
T1  - Crystal growth and thermodynamic investigation of Bi2M2+O4 (M = Pd, Cu)
JF  - CrystEngComm / The Royal Society of Chemistry
N2  - Phase equilibria that are relevant for the growth of Bi2MO4 have been studied experimentally, and the ternary phase diagrams of Bi2O3-PdO2-Pd and Bi2O3-Cu2O-CuO and its isopleth section Bi2O3-CuO were redetermined. It is shown that every melting and crystallization process is always accompanied by a redox process at the phase boundary and that for both title compounds, the valence of the transition metal is lowered during melting. Vice versa, during crystal growth, O-2 must be transported through the melt to the phase boundary. Based on these new insights provided by our thermodynamic studies, Bi2CuO4 single crystals with a length of up to 7 cm and a diameter of 6 mm were grown by the OFZ technique to be used for investigations of magnetic, electronic and thermal transport properties. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Laue, magnetization and specific heat measurements.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ce00220a
SN  - 1466-8033
VL  - 23
IS  - 17
SP  - 3230
EP  - 3238
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Zhenyu
A1  - Fritsch, Daniel
A1  - Berendts, Stefan
A1  - Lerch, Martin
A1  - Breternitz, Joachim
A1  - Schorr, Susan
T1  - Elucidation of the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ZnGeN2 through Zn2GeO4 ammonolysis
JF  - Chemical science / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry
N2  - Ternary II-IV-N-2 materials have been considered as a promising class of materials that combine photovoltaic performance with earth-abundance and low toxicity. When switching from binary III-V materials to ternary II-IV-N-2 materials, further structural complexity is added to the system that may influence its optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present a systematic study of the reaction of Zn2GeO4 with NH3 that produces zinc germanium oxide nitrides, and ultimately approach stoichiometric ZnGeN2, using a combination of chemical analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and DFT calculations. Elucidating the reaction mechanism as being dominated by Zn and O extrusion at the later reaction stages, we give an insight into studying structure-property relationships in this emerging class of materials.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00328c
SN  - 2041-6539
VL  - 12
IS  - 24
SP  - 8493
EP  - 8500
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saeedi Garakani, Sadaf
A1  - Xie, Dongjiu
A1  - Khorsand Kheirabad, Atefeh
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Yuan, Jiayin
T1  - Template-synthesis of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived Fe1-xS/nitrogen-doped porous carbon membrane and its electrode application in lithium-sulfur batteries
JF  - Materials advances
N2  - This study deals with the facile synthesis of Fe1-xS nanoparticle-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes (denoted as Fe1-xS/N-PCMs) via vacuum carbonization of hybrid porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes, and their successful use as a sulfur host material to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The hybrid porous PIL membranes as the sacrificial template were prepared via ionic crosslinking of a cationic PIL with base-neutralized 1,1 '-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, so that the iron source was molecularly incorporated into the template. The carbonization process was investigated in detail at different temperatures, and the chemical and porous structures of the carbon products were comprehensively analyzed. The Fe1-xS/N-PCMs prepared at 900 degrees C have a multimodal pore size distribution with a satisfactorily high surface area and well-dispersed iron sulfide nanoparticles to physically and chemically confine the LiPSs. The sulfur/Fe1-xS/N-PCM composites were then tested as electrodes in Li-S batteries, showing much improved capacity, rate performance and cycle stability, in comparison to iron sulfide-free, nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00441g
SN  - 2633-5409
VL  - 2
IS  - 15
SP  - 5203
EP  - 5212
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giesen, Michael
T1  - Framing gender-based violence in multi-level contexts
BT  - a networked approach to studying adoption of the Istanbul Convention
JF  - European journal of politics and gender
N2  - International institutions are an essential driving force of contemporary policies to combat gender-based violence but remain toothless if political actors do not implement them in domestic policies. How can scholars conceptualise the transposition of international gender-based violence norms into domestic policies? I argue that discourse network analysis provides a powerful conceptual and methodological extension of critical frame analysis to understand how frames shape the meaning of gender-based violence norms in multi-level institutional contexts. Frames’ normative and cognitive network structure invites combining discourse network and frame analysis techniques that locate frames’ power in their ability to connect different institutional spheres temporally and spatially. I outline a multi-level research agenda that traces the framing processes of international norms and their domestic implementation through gender-based violence policies in the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention. This agenda includes avenues to study how complex transnational policy frameworks like the Istanbul Convention play out in domestic policy implementation.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821X16693059192022
SN  - 2515-1088
SN  - 2515-1096
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 76
EP  - 91
PB  - Bristol University Press
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hilgers, Leon
A1  - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1  - Pfaender, Jobst
A1  - Lentge-Maass, Nora
A1  - Marwoto, Ristiyanti M.
A1  - von Rintelen, Thomas
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - Evolutionary divergence and radula diversification in two ecomorphs from an adaptive radiation of freshwater snails
JF  - Genes
N2  - (1) Background: 
Adaptive diversification of complex traits plays a pivotal role in the evolution of organismal diversity. In the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania, adaptive radiations were likely promoted by trophic specialization via diversification of their key foraging organ, the radula.

(2) Methods: 
To investigate the molecular basis of radula diversification and its contribution to lineage divergence, we used tissue-specific transcriptomes of two sympatric Tylomelania sarasinorum ecomorphs.

(3) Results: 
We show that ecomorphs are genetically divergent lineages with habitat-correlated abundances. Sequence divergence and the proportion of highly differentially expressed genes are significantly higher between radula transcriptomes compared to the mantle and foot. However, the same is not true when all differentially expressed genes or only non-synonymous SNPs are considered. Finally, putative homologs of some candidate genes for radula diversification (hh, arx, gbb) were also found to contribute to trophic specialization in cichlids and Darwin's finches.

(4) Conclusions: 
Our results are in line with diversifying selection on the radula driving Tylomelania ecomorph divergence and indicate that some molecular pathways may be especially prone to adaptive diversification, even across phylogenetically distant animal groups.
KW  - speciation
KW  - adaptive radiation
KW  - molluscs
KW  - RNAseq
KW  - regulatory evolution
KW  - trophic specialization
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13061029
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bernardi, Rafael L.
A1  - Berdja, Amokrane
A1  - Dani Guzman, Christian
A1  - Torres-Torriti, Miguel
A1  - Roth, Martin M.
T1  - Restoration of images with a spatially varying PSF of the T80-S telescope optical model using neural networks
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Most image restoration methods in astronomy rely upon probabilistic tools that infer the best solution for a deconvolution problem. They achieve good performances when the point spread function (PSF) is spatially invariant in the image plane. 

However, this condition is not always satisfied in real optical systems. We propose a new method for the restoration of images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using Deep Neural Networks that can be directly applied to sky images. 
The network is trained using simulated sky images corresponding to the T80-S Telescope optical model, a 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile), which are synthesized using a Zernike polynomial representation of the optical system. 

Once trained, the network can be used directly on sky images, outputting a corrected version of the image that has a constant and known PSF across its field of view. The method is to be tested on the T80-S Telescope. 
We present the method and results on synthetic data.
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - techniques: image processing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3400
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 510
IS  - 3
SP  - 4284
EP  - 4294
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cuperus, Pauline
A1  - de Kok, Dörte
A1  - de Aguiar, Vania
A1  - Nickels, Lyndsey
T1  - Understanding user needs for digital aphasia therapy
BT  - experiences and preferences of speech and language therapists
JF  - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Background: 
Aphasia therapy software applications (apps) can help achieve recommendations regarding aphasia treatment intensity and duration. 
However, we currently know very little about speech and language therapists' (SLTs) preferences with regards to these apps. 
This may be problematic, as clinician acceptance of novel treatments and technology are a key factor for successful translation from research evidence to practice. 

Aim: 
This research aimed to increase our understanding of clinicians' experiences with aphasia therapy apps and their perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of aphasia apps. Furthermore, we wanted to explore the influence of some demographic factors (age, country, and SLT availability in the client's hometown) on SLTs' attitudes towards these apps.
 
Method & Procedures:  
35 Dutch and 29 Australian SLTs completed an online survey. The survey contained 9 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Responses to the closed-ended questions were summarised through the use of descriptive statistics. The responses to the open questions were analysed and coded into recurring themes that were derived from the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the demographic variables and the responses to the closed-ended questions. 

Outcomes & results: 
Participants were overwhelmingly positive about aphasia therapy apps and saw the potential for their clients to use apps independently. As facilitators of app use, participants reported accessibility and inclusion of different language modalities, while high costs, absence of a compatible device, and clients' potential computer illiteracy were listed as barriers. None of the analysed demographic factors consistently influenced differences in participants' attitudes towards aphasia therapy apps. 

Conclusions: 
The positive, extensive and insightful feedback from speech and language therapists is both useful and encouraging for app developers and aphasia researchers, and should facilitate the development of appropriate, high-quality therapy apps.
KW  - telemedicine
KW  - mobile applications
KW  - user research
KW  - speech and language therapy
KW  - clinician feedback
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2022.2066622
SN  - 0268-7038
SN  - 1464-5041
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
SP  - 1016
EP  - 1038
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Xun
A1  - Nie, Yan
A1  - Wang, Weiwei
A1  - Ma, Nan
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Periodic thermomechanical modulation of toll-like receptor expression and distribution in mesenchymal stromal cells
JF  - MRS communications / a publication of the Materials Research Society
N2  - Toll-like receptor (TLR) can trigger an immune response against virus including SARS-CoV-2. TLR expression/distribution is varying in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) depending on their culture environments. Here, to explore the effect of periodic thermomechanical cues on TLRs, thermally controlled shape-memory polymer sheets with programmable actuation capacity were created. The proportion of MSCs expressing SARS-CoV-2-associated TLRs was increased upon stimulation. The TLR4/7 colocalization was promoted and retained in the endoplasmic reticula. The TLR redistribution was driven by myosin-mediated F-actin assembly. These results highlight the potential of boosting the immunity for combating COVID-19 via thermomechanical preconditioning of MSCs.
KW  - Actuation
KW  - Antiviral
KW  - Biomaterial
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Shape memory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-021-00049-5
SN  - 2159-6859
SN  - 2159-6867
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 425
EP  - 431
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bozzo, Enrico
A1  - Ferrigno, Carlo
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
A1  - Ducci, Lorenzo
T1  - Accretion of a clumped wind from a red supergiant donor on to a magnetar is suggested by the analysis of the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the X-ray binary 3A 1954+319
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - 3A 1954+319 has been classified for a long time as a symbiotic X-ray binary, hosting a slowly rotating neutron star and an aged M red giant. Recently, this classification has been revised thanks to the discovery that the donor star is an M supergiant. This makes 3A 1954+319 a rare type of high-mass X-ray binary consisting of a neutron star and a red supergiant donor. In this paper, we analyse two archival and still unpublished XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the source. We perform a detailed hardness ratio-resolved spectral analysis to search for spectral variability that could help investigating the structures of the inhomogeneous M supergiant wind from which the neutron star is accreting. We discuss our results in the context of wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries and show that the newest findings on 3A 1954+319 reinforce the hypothesis that the neutron star in this system is endowed with a magnetar-like magnetic field strength (greater than or similar to 10(14) G).
KW  - accretion
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - stars: neutron
KW  - X-rays: binaries
KW  - X-rays: individual: 3A 1954+319
KW  - X-rays: stars
KW  - accretion discs
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3688
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 510
IS  - 3
SP  - 4645
EP  - 4653
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlenbruch, Kristin
A1  - Zhuo, Xiaohui
A1  - Bardenheier, Barbara
A1  - Shao, Hui
A1  - Laxy, Michael
A1  - Icks, Andrea
A1  - Zhang, Ping
A1  - Gregg, Edward W.
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Selecting the optimal risk threshold of diabetes risk scores to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes prevention
BT  - a cost-effectiveness analysis
JF  - Acta Diabetologica
N2  - Aims:
Although risk scores to predict type 2 diabetes exist, cost-effectiveness of risk thresholds to target prevention interventions are unknown. We applied cost-effectiveness analysis to identify optimal thresholds of predicted risk to target a low-cost community-based intervention in the USA. 

Methods:
We used a validated Markov-based type 2 diabetes simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alternative thresholds of diabetes risk. Population characteristics for the model were obtained from NHANES 2001-2004 and incidence rates and performance of two noninvasive diabetes risk scores (German diabetes risk score, GDRS, and ARIC 2009 score) were determined in the ARIC and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for increasing risk score thresholds. Two scenarios were assumed: 1-stage (risk score only) and 2-stage (risk score plus fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test (threshold 100 mg/dl) in the high-risk group). 

Results:
In ARIC and CHS combined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the GDRS and the ARIC 2009 score were 0.691 (0.677-0.704) and 0.720 (0.707-0.732), respectively. The optimal threshold of predicted diabetes risk (ICER < $50,000/QALY gained in case of intervention in those above the threshold) was 7% for the GDRS and 9% for the ARIC 2009 score. In the 2-stage scenario, ICERs for all cutoffs >= 5% were below $50,000/QALY gained.

Conclusions:
Intervening in those with >= 7% diabetes risk based on the GDRS or >= 9% on the ARIC 2009 score would be cost-effective. A risk score threshold >= 5% together with elevated FPG would also allow targeting interventions cost-effectively.
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - type 2
KW  - cost-effectiveness analysis
KW  - lifestyle risk reduction
KW  - clinical prediction rule
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01451-1
SN  - 0001-5563
SN  - 0940-5429
SN  - 1432-5233
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
SP  - 447
EP  - 454
PB  - Springer
CY  - Mailand
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Nicole
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
T1  - Kinetically controlled growth of gold nanotriangles in a vesicular template phase by adding a strongly alternating polyampholyte
JF  - Journal of dispersion science and technology
N2  - This paper is focused on the temperature-dependent synthesis of gold nanotriangles in a vesicular template phase, containing phosphatidylcholine and AOT, by adding the strongly alternating polyampholyte PalPhBisCarb.
UV-vis absorption spectra in combination with TEM micrographs show that flat gold nanoplatelets are formed predominantly in the presence of the polyampholyte at 45°C. The formation of triangular and hexagonal nanoplatelets can be directly influenced by the kinetic approach, i.e., by varying the polyampholyte dosage rate at 45°C. Corresponding zeta potential measurements indicate that a temperature-dependent adsorption of the polyampholyte on the {111} faces will induce the symmetry breaking effect, which is responsible for the kinetically controlled hindered vertical and preferred lateral growth of the nanoplatelets.
KW  - Kinetically controlled nanocrystal growth
KW  - nanotriangles
KW  - polyampholytes
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2016.1220318
SN  - 0193-2691
SN  - 1532-2351
VL  - 38
IS  - 8
SP  - 1073
EP  - 1078
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jozi Najafabadi, Azam
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Le Breton, Eline
A1  - Handy, Mark R.
A1  - Verwater, Vincent F.
A1  - Heit, Benjamin
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Constraints on crustal structure in the vicinity of the adriatic indenter (European Alps) from Vp and Vp/Vs local earthquake tomography
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth
N2  - In this study, 3-D models of P-wave velocity (Vp) and P-wave and S-wave ratio (Vp/Vs) of the crust and upper mantle in the Eastern and eastern Southern Alps (northern Italy and southern Austria) were calculated using local earthquake tomography (LET). The data set includes high-quality arrival times from well-constrained hypocenters observed by the dense, temporary seismic networks of the AlpArray AASN and SWATH-D. The resolution of the LET was checked by synthetic tests and analysis of the model resolution matrix. The small inter-station spacing (average of similar to 15 km within the SWATH-D network) allowed us to image crustal structure at unprecedented resolution across a key part of the Alps. The derived P velocity model revealed a highly heterogeneous crustal structure in the target area. One of the main findings is that the lower crust is thickened, forming a bulge at 30-50 km depth just south of and beneath the Periadriatic Fault and the Tauern Window. This indicates that the lower crust decoupled both from its mantle substratum as well as from its upper crust. The Moho, taken to be the iso-velocity contour of Vp = 7.25 km/s, agrees with the Moho depth from previous studies in the European and Adriatic forelands. It is shallower on the Adriatic side than on the European side. This is interpreted to indicate that the European Plate is subducted beneath the Adriatic Plate in the Eastern and eastern Southern Alps.
KW  - European Alps
KW  - crustal structure
KW  - subduction
KW  - seismic tomography
KW  - body waves
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023160
SN  - 2169-9313
SN  - 2169-9356
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perkins, Anita K.
A1  - Santos, Isaac R.
A1  - Rose, Andrew L.
A1  - Schulz, Kai G.
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Eyre, Bradley D.
A1  - Kelaher, Brendan P.
A1  - Oakes, Joanne M.
T1  - Production of dissolved carbon and alkalinity during macroalgal wrack degradation on beaches
BT  - a mesocosm experiment with implications for blue carbon
JF  - Biogeochemistry
N2  - Marine macroalgae are a key primary producer in coastal ecosystems, but are often overlooked in blue carbon inventories. Large quantities of macroalgal detritus deposit on beaches, but the fate of wrack carbon (C) is little understood. If most of the wrack carbon is respired back to CO2, there would be no net carbon sequestration. However, if most of the wrack carbon is converted to bicarbonate (alkalinity) or refractory DOC, wrack deposition would represent net carbon sequestration if at least part of the metabolic products (e.g., reduced Fe and S) are permanently removed (i.e., long-term burial) and the DOC is not remineralised. To investigate the release of macroalgal C via porewater and its potential to contribute to C sequestration (blue carbon), we monitored the degradation of Ecklonia radiata in flow-through mesocosms simulating tidal flushing on sandy beaches. Over 60 days, 81% of added E. radiata organic matter (OM) decomposed. Per 1 mol of detritus C, the degradation produced 0.48 +/- 0.34 mol C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (59%) and 0.25 +/- 0.07 mol C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (31%) in porewater, and a small amount of CO2 (0.3 +/- 0.0 mol C; ca. 3%) which was emitted to the atmosphere. A significant amount of carbonate alkalinity was found in porewater, equating to 33% (0.27 +/- 0.05 mol C) of the total degraded C. The degradation occurred in two phases. In the first phase (days 0-3), 27% of the OM degraded, releasing highly reactive DOC. In the second phase (days 4-60), the labile DOC was converted to DIC. The mechanisms underlying E. radiata degradation were sulphate reduction and ammonification. It is likely that the carbonate alkalinity was primarily produced through sulphate reduction. The formation of carbonate alkalinity and semi-labile or refractory DOC from beach wrack has the potential to play an overlooked role in coastal carbon cycling and contribute to marine carbon sequestration.
KW  - Tidal pumping
KW  - Organic matter degradation
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Mineralisation
KW  - Porewater exchange
KW  - Submarine groundwater discharge
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00946-4
SN  - 0168-2563
SN  - 1573-515X
VL  - 160
IS  - 2
SP  - 159
EP  - 175
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagedorn, Christiane
A1  - Serth, Sebastian
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - The mysterious adventures of Detective Duke
BT  - how storified programming MOOCs support learners in achieving their learning goals
JF  - Frontiers in education
N2  - About 15 years ago, the first Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) appeared and revolutionized online education with more interactive and engaging course designs. Yet, keeping learners motivated and ensuring high satisfaction is one of the challenges today's course designers face. Therefore, many MOOC providers employed gamification elements that only boost extrinsic motivation briefly and are limited to platform support. In this article, we introduce and evaluate a gameful learning design we used in several iterations on computer science education courses. For each of the courses on the fundamentals of the Java programming language, we developed a self-contained, continuous story that accompanies learners through their learning journey and helps visualize key concepts. Furthermore, we share our approach to creating the surrounding story in our MOOCs and provide a guideline for educators to develop their own stories. Our data and the long-term evaluation spanning over four Java courses between 2017 and 2021 indicates the openness of learners toward storified programming courses in general and highlights those elements that had the highest impact. While only a few learners did not like the story at all, most learners consumed the additional story elements we provided. However, learners' interest in influencing the story through majority voting was negligible and did not show a considerable positive impact, so we continued with a fixed story instead. We did not find evidence that learners just participated in the narrative because they worked on all materials. Instead, for 10-16% of learners, the story was their main course motivation. We also investigated differences in the presentation format and concluded that several longer audio-book style videos were most preferred by learners in comparison to animated videos or different textual formats. Surprisingly, the availability of a coherent story embedding examples and providing a context for the practical programming exercises also led to a slightly higher ranking in the perceived quality of the learning material (by 4%). With our research in the context of storified MOOCs, we advance gameful learning designs, foster learner engagement and satisfaction in online courses, and help educators ease knowledge transfer for their learners.
KW  - gameful learning
KW  - storytelling
KW  - programming
KW  - learner engagement
KW  - course design
KW  - MOOCs
KW  - content gamification
KW  - narrative
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1016401
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heldt, Eugenia C.
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Orchestrating private investors for development
BT  - how the World Bank revitalizes
JF  - Regulation & governance
N2  - Confronted with a new wave of criticism on the in effectiveness of its development programs, the World Bank embarked on a revitalization process, turning to private investors to finance International Development Association projects and widening its mandate. To explain these adaptation strategies of the World Bank to regain relevance, this piece draws on organizational ecology and orchestration scholarship. We contend that international organizations rely on two adaptation mechanisms, orchestration and scope expansion, when they lose their role as focal actors in an issue area. We find that the World Bank has indeed lost market share and has relied on these two mechanisms to revitalize itself. We show that the World Bank responded to changes in the environment by orchestrating a private sector-oriented capital increase, prioritizing private funding for development through a “cascade approach,” and expanding the scope of its mandate into adjacent domains of transnational governance, including climate change and global health.
KW  - development
KW  - orchestration
KW  - organizational ecology
KW  - private investors
KW  - World Bank
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12432
SN  - 1748-5983
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 1382
EP  - 1398
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Räling, Romy
A1  - Hanne, Sandra
A1  - Schröder, Astrid
A1  - Keßler, Carla
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
T1  - Judging the animacy of words
BT  - The influence of typicality and age of acquisition in a semantic decision task
JF  - Quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - The age at which members of a semantic category are learned (age of acquisition), the typicality they demonstrate within their corresponding category, and the semantic domain to which they belong (living, non-living) are known to influence the speed and accuracy of lexical/semantic processing. So far, only a few studies have looked at the origin of age of acquisition and its interdependence with typicality and semantic domain within the same experimental design. Twenty adult participants performed an animacy decision task in which nouns were classified according to their semantic domain as being living or non-living. Response times were influenced by the independent main effects of each parameter: typicality, age of acquisition, semantic domain, and frequency. However, there were no interactions. The results are discussed with respect to recent models concerning the origin of age of acquisition effects.
KW  - Age of acquisition
KW  - Animacy decision
KW  - Semantic classification task
KW  - Typicality
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1223704
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 70
IS  - 10
SP  - 2094
EP  - 2104
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
T1  - Greening global governance
BT  - INGO secretariats and environmental mainstreaming of IOs, 1950 to 2017
JF  - The review of international organizations
N2  - The last decades have seen a remarkable expansion in the number of International Organizations (IOs) that have mainstreamed environmental issues into their policy scope—in many cases due to the pressure of civil society. We hypothesize that International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), whose headquarters are in proximity to the headquarters of IOs, are more likely to affect IOs' expansion into the environmental domain. We test this explanation by utilizing a novel dataset on the strength of environmental global civil society in proximity to the headquarters of 76 IOs between 1950 and 2017. Three findings stand out. First, the more environmental INGOs have their secretariat in proximity to the headquarter of an IO, the more likely the IO mainstreams environmental policy. Second, proximate INGOs’ contribution increases when they can rely on domestically focused NGOs in member states. Third, a pathway case reveals that proximate INGOs played an essential role in inside lobbying, outside lobbying and information provision during the campaign to mainstream environmental issues at the World Bank. However, their efforts relied to a substantial extent on the work of local NGOs on the ground.
KW  - international organizations
KW  - environmental mainstreaming
KW  - international non-governmental organizations
KW  - policy scope
KW  - geographical proximity
KW  - world bank
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-022-09462-4
SN  - 1559-7431
SN  - 1559-744X
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 117
EP  - 143
PB  - Springer
CY  - Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gévay, Gábor E.
A1  - Rabl, Tilmann
A1  - Breß, Sebastian
A1  - Madai-Tahy, Loránd
A1  - Quiané-Ruiz, Jorge-Arnulfo
A1  - Markl, Volker
T1  - Imperative or functional control flow handling
BT  - why not the best of both worlds?
JF  - SIGMOD record / Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Management of Data
N2  - Modern data analysis tasks often involve control flow statements, such as the iterations in PageRank and K-means. To achieve scalability, developers usually implement these tasks in distributed dataflow systems, such as Spark and Flink. Designers of such systems have to choose between providing imperative or functional control flow constructs to users. Imperative constructs are easier to use, but functional constructs are easier to compile to an efficient dataflow job. We propose Mitos, a system where control flow is both easy to use and efficient. Mitos relies on an intermediate representation based on the static single assignment form. This allows us to abstract away from specific control flow constructs and treat any imperative control flow uniformly both when building the dataflow job and when coordinating the distributed execution.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3542700.3542715
SN  - 0163-5808
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 60
EP  - 67
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raoufi, Meysam
A1  - Hörmann, Ulrich
A1  - Ligorio, Giovanni
A1  - Hildebrandt, Jana
A1  - Pätzel, Michael
A1  - Schultz, Thorsten
A1  - Perdigon, Lorena
A1  - Koch, Norbert
A1  - List-Kratochvil, Emil
A1  - Hecht, Stefan
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Simultaneous effect of ultraviolet radiation and surface modification on the work function and hole injection properties of ZnO thin films
JF  - Physica Status Solidi.  A , Applications and materials science
N2  - The combined effect of ultraviolet (UV) light soaking and self-assembled monolayer deposition on the work function (WF) of thin ZnO layers and on the efficiency of hole injection into the prototypical conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is systematically investigated. It is shown that the WF and injection efficiency depend strongly on the history of UV light exposure. Proper treatment of the ZnO layer enables ohmic hole injection into P3HT, demonstrating ZnO as a potential anode material for organic optoelectronic devices. The results also suggest that valid conclusions on the energy-level alignment at the ZnO/organic interfaces may only be drawn if the illumination history is precisely known and controlled. This is inherently problematic when comparing electronic data from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements carried out under different or ill-defined illumination conditions.
KW  - charge injection across hybrid interfaces
KW  - energy-level alignments
KW  - hybrid metal oxides
KW  - organic interfaces
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900876
SN  - 1862-6300
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 217
IS  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funk, Roger
A1  - Busse, Jaqueline
A1  - Siegmund, Nicole
A1  - Sommer, Michael
A1  - Iturri, Laura Antonela
A1  - Panebianco, Juan E.
A1  - Avecilla, Fernando
A1  - Buschiazzo, Daniel
T1  - Phytoliths in particulate matter released by wind erosion on arable land in La Pampa, Argentina
JF  - Frontiers in environmental science
N2  - Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element in plant nutrition, but its importance on ecosystems goes far beyond that. Various forms of silicon are found in soils, of which the phytogenic pool plays a decisive role due to its good availability. This Si returns to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues, where they then participate in the further cycle as biogenic amorphous silica (bASi) or so-called phytoliths. These have a high affinity for water, so that the water holding capacity and water availability of soils can be increased even by small amounts of ASi. Agricultural land is a considerable global dust source, and dust samples from arable land have shown in cloud formation experiments a several times higher ice nucleation activity than pure mineral dust. Here, particle sizes in the particulate matter fractions (PM) are important, which can travel long distances and reach high altitudes in the atmosphere. Based on this, the research question was whether phytoliths could be detected in PM samples from wind erosion events, what are the main particle sizes of phytoliths and whether an initial quantification was possible.Measurements of PM concentrations were carried out at a wind erosion measuring field in the province La Pampa, Argentina. PM were sampled during five erosion events with Environmental Dust Monitors (EDM). After counting and classifying all particles with diameters between 0.3 and 32 mu m in the EDMs, they are collected on filters. The filters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to investigate single or ensembles of particles regarding composition and possible origins.The analyses showed up to 8.3 per cent being phytoliths in the emitted dust and up to 25 per cent of organic origin. Particles of organic origin are mostly in the coarse dust fraction, whereas phytoliths are predominately transported in the finer dust fractions. Since phytoliths are both an important source of Si as a plant nutrient and are also involved in soil C fixation, their losses from arable land via dust emissions should be considered and its specific influence on atmospheric processes should be studied in detail in the future.
KW  - dust
KW  - dust composition
KW  - particulate matter
KW  - scanning electron microscope
KW  - (SEM) analysis
KW  - phytolith
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.969898
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Why rules matter: shaping security council sanctions policy in counterterrorism and beyond
JF  - Journal of global security studies
N2  - Sanctions are critical to the Security Council's efforts to fight terrorism. What is striking is that the Council's sanctions regimes are subject to detailed sets of rules and decision criteria. The scholarship on human rights in counterterrorism assumes that rights advocacy and court litigation have prompted this development. The article complements this literature by highlighting an unexplored internal driver of legal-regulatory decision-making and explores how mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members have affected the extent of committee regulations and the content of decisions taken by sanctions committees. Based on internal documents and diplomatic cables, a comparative analysis of the Iraq sanctions regime and the counterterrorism sanctions regime demonstrates that mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members provide incentives to elaborate rules to guide decision-making resulting in legal-regulatory sanctions governance, even if the human rights of targeted individuals are not at stake. For comparative leverage and to assess the limits of the proposed mechanism, the analysis is briefly extended to other sanctions regimes targeting individuals (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan). The findings have implications for this essential tool of the Security Council to react to threats to peace as diverse as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and internal armed conflict.
N2  - Les sanctions jouent un rôle essentiel dans la lutte du Conseil de sécurité contre le terrorisme. Ce qui est frappant, c'est que les régimes de sanctions du Conseil sont soumis à un ensemble détaillé de règles et de critères de décision. La recherche sur les droits de l'homme dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme suppose que la défense des droits et les litiges devant les tribunaux sont à l'origine de cet état de fait. L'article vient compléter cette littérature en soulignant un facteur interne inexploré dans la prise de décisions légales/réglementaires. Il analyse les répercussions des constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité sur l’étendue des réglementations de comité et le contenu des décisions prises par les comités de sanctions. En s'appuyant sur des documents internes et des câbles diplomatiques, une analyse comparative du régime de sanctions de l'Irak et du régime de sanctions de lutte contre le terrorisme démontre que ces constellations de divers intérêts chez les membres du Conseil de sécurité motivent l’élaboration de règles pour guider la prise de décisions débouchant sur une gouvernance de sanctions légales/réglementaires, même quand les droits de l'homme des personnes ciblées ne sont pas en jeu. À des fins de comparaison, et pour évaluer les limites du mécanisme proposé, l'analyse fait l'objet d'un bref élargissement à d'autres régimes de sanctions ciblant des personnes (RDC et Soudan). Les conclusions s'accompagnent d'implications pour cet outil essentiel du Conseil de sécurité dans la réaction aux menaces pour la paix : lutte contre le terrorisme, non-prolifération et conflit armé interne.
N2  - Las sanciones son fundamentales para los esfuerzos del Consejo de Seguridad en la lucha contra el terrorismo. Lo sorprendente es que los regímenes de sanciones del Consejo están sujetos a detallados conjuntos de normas y criterios de decisión. Los académicos especializados en cuestión de derechos humanos en la lucha antiterrorista parten de la base de que la defensa de los derechos y los litigios ante los tribunales han impulsado esta tendencia. Este artículo complementa esta bibliografía poniendo de relieve un impulsor interno inexplorado de la toma de decisiones jurídico-normativas y analiza cómo las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad han afectado al alcance de las normativas de los comités y al contenido de las decisiones adoptadas por los comités de sanciones. Basándose en documentos internos y telegramas diplomáticos, un análisis comparativo del régimen de sanciones contra Irak con el régimen de sanciones antiterroristas demuestra que las constelaciones de intereses de motivación mixta entre los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad proporcionan incentivos para la elaboración de normas que guíen la toma de decisiones dando lugar a una gobernanza jurídica-normativa de las sanciones, aun cuando no estén en juego los derechos humanos de las personas sancionadas. A efectos comparativos y con el fin de evaluar los límites del mecanismo propuesto, el análisis se amplía someramente a otros regímenes de sanciones dirigidos a individuos (RDC y Sudán). Las conclusiones tienen implicaciones para esta herramienta esencial del Consejo de Seguridad a fin de reaccionar ante amenazas a la paz tan diversas como la lucha antiterrorista, la no proliferación y los conflictos armados internos.
KW  - Security Council
KW  - committee governance
KW  - UN sanctions
KW  - due process
KW  - counterterrorism
KW  - Iraq
KW  - Conseil de sécurité
KW  - gouvernance de comité
KW  - sanctions de l’ONU
KW  - procédure officielle
KW  - lutte contre le terrorisme
KW  - Irak
KW  - Consejo de Seguridad
KW  - Gobernanza de los Comités
KW  - Sanciones de la ONU
KW  - Proceso debido
KW  - Lucha antiterrorista
KW  - Irak
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac041
SN  - 2057-3170
SN  - 2057-3189
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - The effect of expert recommendations on intergovernmental decision-making
BT  - North Korea, Iran, and non-proliferation sanctions in the Security Council
JF  - International relations : the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
N2  - The article explores whether and to what extent expert recommendations affect decision-making within the Security Council and its North Korea and Iran sanctions regimes. The article first develops a rationalist theoretical argument to show why making many second-stage decisions, such as determining lists of items under export restrictions, subjects Security Council members to repeating coordination situations. Expert recommendations may provide focal point solutions to coordination problems, even when interests diverge and preferences remain stable. Empirically, the article first explores whether expert recommendations affected decision-making on commodity sanctions imposed on North Korea. Council members heavily relied on recommended export trigger lists as focal points, solving a divisive conflict among great powers. Second, the article explores whether expert recommendations affected the designation of sanctions violators in the Iran sanctions regime. Council members designated individuals and entities following expert recommendations as focal points, despite conflicting interests among great powers. The article concludes that expert recommendations are an additional means of influence in Security Council decision-making and seem relevant for second-stage decision-making among great powers in other international organisations.
KW  - decision-making
KW  - expert recommendations
KW  - international organisation
KW  - rationalism
KW  - sanctions
KW  - Security Council
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178211033941
SN  - 0047-1178
SN  - 1741-2862
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 237
EP  - 261
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dey, Somnath
A1  - Schönleber, Andreas
A1  - Smaalen, Sander van
A1  - Morgenroth, Wolfgang
A1  - Larsen, Finn Krebs
T1  - Incommensurate phase in Λ-cobalt (III) sepulchrate trinitrate governed by highly competitive N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bond networks
JF  - Chemistry - a European journal
N2  - Phase transitions in molecular crystals are often determined by intermolecular interactions. The cage complex of [Co(C12H30N8)](3+) . 3 NO3- is reported to undergo a disorder-order phase transition at T-c1 approximate to 133 K upon cooling. Temperature-dependent neutron and synchrotron diffraction experiments revealed satellite reflections in addition to main reflections in the diffraction patterns below T-c1. The modulation wave vector varies as function of temperature and locks in at T-c3 approximate to 98 K. Here, we demonstrate that the crystal symmetry lowers from hexagonal to monoclinic in the incommensurately modulated phases in T-c1<T<T-c3. Distinctive levels of competitions: trade-off between longer N-H...O and shorter C-H...O hydrogen bonds; steric constraints to dense C-H...O bonds give rise to pronounced modulation of the basic structure. Severely frustrated crystal packing in the incommensurate phase is precursor to optimal balance of intermolecular interactions in the lock-in phase.
KW  - hydrogen bond
KW  - incommensurate modulation
KW  - phase transition
KW  - steric factors
KW  - twin domains
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202104151
SN  - 0947-6539
SN  - 1521-3765
VL  - 28
IS  - 13
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jarecki, Jana B.
A1  - Tan, Jolene H.
A1  - Jenny, Mirjam
T1  - A framework for building cognitive process models
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models.
KW  - cognitive process model
KW  - cognitive model
KW  - computational model
KW  - definitions
KW  - Marr's levels
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2
SN  - 1069-9384
SN  - 1531-5320
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1229
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ben Dor, Yoav
A1  - Neugebauer, Ina
A1  - Enzel, Yehouda
A1  - Schwab, Markus J.
A1  - Tjallingii, Rik
A1  - Erel, Yigal
A1  - Brauer, Achim
T1  - Reply to comment on: Ben Dor, Yoav et al. : Varves of the Dead Sea sedimentary record. - In: Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal. - 215 (2019), S. 173 - 184. - (ISSN: 0277-3791). - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.011
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - In the comment on "Varves of the Dead Sea sedimentary record." Quaternary Science Reviews 215 (Ben Dor et al., 2019): 173-184. by R. Bookman, two recently published papers are suggested to prove that the interpretation of the laminated sedimentary sequence of the Dead Sea, deposited mostly during MIS2 and Holocene pluvials, as annual deposits (i.e., varves) is wrong. In the following response, we delineate several lines of evidence which coalesce to demonstrate that based on the vast majority of evidence, including some of the evidence provided in the comment itself, the interpretation of these sediments as varves is the more likely scientific conclusion. We further discuss the evidence brought up in the comment and its irrelevance and lack of robustness for addressing the question under discussion.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106063
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 231
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Terao, Mineko
A1  - Garattini, Enrico
A1  - Romão, Maria João
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - Evolution, expression, and substrate specificities of aldehyde oxidase enzymes in eukaryotes
JF  - The journal of biological chemistry
N2  - Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small group of enzymes belonging to the larger family of molybdo-flavoenzymes, along with the well-characterized xanthine oxidoreductase. The two major types of reactions that are catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Different animal species have different complements of AOX genes. The two extremes are represented in humans and rodents; whereas the human genome contains a single active gene (AOX1), those of rodents, such as mice, are endowed with four genes (Aox1-4), clustering on the same chromosome, each encoding a functionally distinct AOX enzyme. It still remains enigmatic why some species have numerous AOX enzymes, whereas others harbor only one functional enzyme. At present, little is known about the physiological relevance of AOX enzymes in humans and their additional forms in other mammals. These enzymes are expressed in the liver and play an important role in the metabolisms of drugs and other xenobiotics. In this review, we discuss the expression, tissue-specific roles, and substrate specificities of the different mammalian AOX enzymes and highlight insights into their physiological roles.
KW  - metalloenzyme
KW  - molybdenum
KW  - mouse
KW  - drug metabolism
KW  - flavoprotein
KW  - xenobiotic
KW  - oxidase
KW  - oxygen radicals
KW  - iron-sulfur protein
KW  - aldehyde oxidase (AOX)
KW  - enzyme evolution
KW  - metal-containing enzyme
KW  - molybdenum cofactor (Moco)
KW  - molybdo-flavoenzyme
KW  - 2Fe-2S cluster
KW  - flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV119.007741
SN  - 0021-9258
SN  - 1083-351X
VL  - 295
IS  - 16
SP  - 5377
EP  - 5389
PB  - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunstmann, Ruth Sonja
A1  - Engström, Olof
A1  - Wehle, Marko
A1  - Widmalm, Göran
A1  - Santer, Mark
A1  - Barbirz, Stefanie
T1  - Increasing the affinity of an O-Antigen polysaccharide binding site in Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Broad and unspecific use of antibiotics accelerates spread of resistances. Sensitive and robust pathogen detection is thus important for a more targeted application. Bacteriophages contain a large repertoire of pathogen-binding proteins. These tailspike proteins (TSP) often bind surface glycans and represent a promising design platform for specific pathogen sensors. We analysed bacteriophage Sf6 TSP that recognizes the O-polysaccharide of dysentery-causing Shigella flexneri to develop variants with increased sensitivity for sensor applications. Ligand polyrhamnose backbone conformations were obtained from 2D H-1,H-1-trNOESY NMR utilizing methine-methine and methine-methyl correlations. They agreed well with conformations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD), validating the method for further predictions. In a set of mutants, MD predicted ligand flexibilities that were in good correlation with binding strength as confirmed on immobilized S. flexneri O-polysaccharide (PS) with surface plasmon resonance. In silico approaches combined with rapid screening on PS surfaces hence provide valuable strategies for TSP-based pathogen sensor design.
KW  - carbohydrates
KW  - molecular dynamics simulations
KW  - NMR spectroscopy
KW  - protein-carbohydrate interactions
KW  - surface plasmon resonance
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202000495
SN  - 0947-6539
SN  - 1521-3765
VL  - 26
IS  - 32
SP  - 7263
EP  - 7273
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Döll, Stefanie
A1  - Djalali Farahani-Kofoet, Roxana
A1  - Zrenner, Rita
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Witzel, Katja
T1  - Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates
JF  - Horticulture research
N2  - Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5
SN  - 2052-7276
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Nanjing Agricultural Univ.
CY  - Nanjing
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mösenlechner, Gerald
A1  - Paunzen, Ernst
A1  - Pelisoli, Ingrid D.
A1  - Seelig, Joseph
A1  - Stidl, Sarah
A1  - Maitzen, Hans Michael
T1  - A Kepler K2 view of subdwarf A-type stars
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context.  The spectroscopic class of subdwarf A-type (sdA) stars has come into focus in recent years because of their possible link to extremely low-mass white dwarfs, a rare class of objects resulting from binary evolution. Although most sdA stars are consistent with metal-poor halo main-sequence stars, the formation and evolution of a fraction of these stars are still matters of debate. Aims. The identification of photometric variability can help to put further constraints on the evolutionary status of sdA stars, in particular through the analysis of pulsations. Moreover, the binary ratio, which can be deduced from eclipsing binaries and ellipsoidal variables, is important as input for stellar models. In order to search for variability due to either binarity or pulsations in objects of the spectroscopic sdA class, we have extracted all available high precision light curves from the Kepler K2 mission. 
Methods.  We have performed a thorough time series analysis on all available light curves, employing three different methods. Frequencies with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than four have been used for further analysis. 
Results.  From the 25 targets, 13 turned out to be variables of different kinds (i.e., classical pulsating stars, ellipsoidal and cataclysmic variables, eclipsing binaries, and rotationally induced variables). For the remaining 12 objects, a variability threshold was determined.
KW  - subdwarfs
KW  - white dwarfs
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: variables: general
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037789
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 657
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Köster, Antonia
A1  - Matt, Christian
A1  - Hess, Thomas
T1  - Do all roads lead to Rome?
BT  - exploring the relationship between social referrals, referral propensity and stickiness to video-on-demand websites
JF  - Business and Information Systems Engineering
N2  - Content website providers have two main goals: They seek to attract consumers and to keep them on their websites as long as possible. To reach potential consumers, they can utilize several online channels, such as paid search results or advertisements on social media, all of which usually require a substantial marketing budget. However, with rising user numbers of online communication tools, website providers increasingly integrate social sharing buttons on their websites to encourage existing consumers to facilitate referrals to their social networks. While little is known about this social form of guiding consumers to a content website, the study proposes that the way in which consumers reach a website is related to their stickiness to the website and their propensity to refer content to others. By using a unique clickstream data set of a video-on-demand website, the study compares consumers referred by their social network to those consumers arriving at the website via organic search or social media advertisements in terms of stickiness to the website (e.g., visit length, number of page views, video starts) and referral likelihood. The results show that consumers referred through social referrals spend more time on the website, view more pages, and start more videos than consumers who respond to social media advertisements, but less than those coming through organic search. Concerning referral propensity, the results indicate that consumers attracted to a website through social referrals are more likely to refer content to others than those who came through organic search or social media advertisements. The study offers direct insights to managers and recommends an increase in their efforts to promote social referrals on their websites.
KW  - social referrals
KW  - organic search
KW  - social media advertising
KW  - website stickiness
KW  - referral propensity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00660-1
SN  - 1867-0202
VL  - 63
SP  - 349
EP  - 366
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Johansson, Fredrik O. L.
A1  - Leitner, Torsten
A1  - Bidermane, Ieva
A1  - Born, Artur
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
A1  - Svensson, Svante
A1  - Mårtensson, Nils
A1  - Lindblad, Andreas
T1  - Auger- and photoelectron coincidences of molecular O2 adsorbed on Ag(111)
JF  - Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy
N2  - The oxygen on Ag(111) system has been investigated with Auger electron-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS). 
The coincidence spectra between O 1s core level photoelectrons and O KLL Auger electrons have been studied together with Ag(3)d/AgM4,5NN coincidences. 
We also describe the electron-electron coincidence spectrometer setup, CoESCA, consisting of two angle resolved time-of-flight spectrometers at a synchrotron light source. 
Contributions from molecular oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen are assigned using the coincidence data, conclusions are drawn primarily from the O 1s/O KLL data. 
The data acquisition and treatment procedure are also outlined. 
The chemisorbed oxygen species observed are relevant for the catalytic ethylene oxidation.
KW  - oxygen/Ag(111)
KW  - Auger electron
KW  - photoelectron
KW  - coincidence
KW  - APECS
KW  - spectroscopy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2022.147174
SN  - 0368-2048
SN  - 1873-2526
VL  - 256
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eibl, Eva P. S.
A1  - Rosskopf, Martina
A1  - Sciotto, Mariangela
A1  - Currenti, Gilda
A1  - Di Grazia, Giuseppe
A1  - Jousset, Philippe
A1  - Krüger, Frank
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Performance of a rotational sensor to decipher volcano seismic signals on Etna, Italy
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth
N2  - Volcano-seismic signals such as long-period events and tremor are important indicators for volcanic activity and unrest. However, their wavefield is complex and characterization and location using traditional seismological instrumentation is often difficult. 
In 2019 we recorded the full seismic wavefield using a newly developed 3C rotational sensor co-located with a 3C traditional seismometer on Etna, Italy. We compare the performance of the rotational sensor, the seismometer and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE) seismic network with respect to the analysis of complex volcano-seismic signals. We create event catalogs for volcano-tectonic (VT) and long-period (LP) events combining a STA/LTA algorithm and cross-correlations. 
The event detection based on the rotational sensor is as reliable as the seismometer-based detection. The LP events are dominated by SH-type waves. Derived SH phase velocities range from 500 to 1,000 m/s for LP events and 300-400 m/s for volcanic tremor. SH-waves compose the tremor during weak volcanic activity and SH- and SV-waves during sustained strombolian activity. 
We derive back azimuths using (a) horizontal rotational components and (b) vertical rotation rate and transverse acceleration. The estimated back azimuths are consistent with the INGV-OE event location for (a) VT events with an epicentral distance larger than 3 km and some closer events, (b) LP events and tremor in the main crater area. Measuring the full wavefield we can reliably analyze the back azimuths, phase velocities and wavefield composition for VT, LP events and tremor in regions that are difficult to access such as volcanoes.
KW  - Etna
KW  - LP
KW  - monitoring
KW  - rotational sensor
KW  - VLP
KW  - volcanoseismology
KW  - VT events and tremor
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023617
SN  - 0148-0227
SN  - 2169-9356
VL  - 127
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menze, Inga
A1  - Müller, Patrick
A1  - Müller, Notger G.
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
T1  - Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doerries, Timo J.
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Schumer, Rina
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Rate equations, spatial moments, and concentration profiles for mobile-immobile models with power-law and mixed waiting time distributions
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - We present a framework for systems in which diffusion-advection transport of a tracer substance in a mobile zone is interrupted by trapping in an immobile zone. 
Our model unifies different model approaches based on distributed-order diffusion equations, exciton diffusion rate models, and random-walk models for multirate mobile-immobile mass transport. 
We study various forms for the trapping time dynamics and their effects on the tracer mass in the mobile zone. 
Moreover, we find the associated breakthrough curves, the tracer density at a fixed point in space as a function of time, and the mobile and immobile concentration profiles and the respective moments of the transport. 
Specifically, we derive explicit forms for the anomalous transport dynamics and an asymptotic power-law decay of the mobile mass for a Mittag-Leffler trapping time distribution. 
In our analysis we point out that even for exponential trapping time densities, transient anomalous transport is observed. 
Our results have direct applications in geophysical contexts, but also in biological, soft matter, and solid state systems.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.105.014105
SN  - 2470-0045
SN  - 2470-0053
SN  - 2470-0061
VL  - 105
IS  - 1
PB  - The American Institute of Physics
CY  - Woodbury, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramova, Olga
T1  - No matter what the name, we're all the same?
BT  - examining ethnic online discrimination in ridesharing marketplaces
JF  - Electronic markets
N2  - Sharing marketplaces emerged as the new Holy Grail of value creation by enabling exchanges between strangers. Identity reveal, encouraged by platforms, cuts both ways: While inducing pre-transaction confidence, it is suspected of backfiring on the information senders with its discriminative potential. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to explore the role of names as signifiers of discriminative peculiarities and the importance of accompanying cues in peer choices of a ridesharing offer. We quantify users' preferences for quality signals in monetary terms and evidence comparative disadvantage of Middle Eastern descent male names for drivers and co-travelers. It translates into a lower willingness to accept and pay for an offer. Market simulations confirm the robustness of the findings. Further, we discover that females are choosier and include more signifiers of involuntary personal attributes in their decision-making. Price discounts and positive information only partly compensate for the initial disadvantage, and identity concealment is perceived negatively.
KW  - sharing economy
KW  - discrimination
KW  - racism
KW  - discrete choice experiment
KW  - stated preferences
KW  - social inclusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00505-z
SN  - 1019-6781
SN  - 1422-8890
VL  - 32
SP  - 1419
EP  - 1446
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Panzer, Marcel
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Neural agent-based production planning and control
BT  - an architectural review
JF  - Journal of Manufacturing Systems
N2  - Nowadays, production planning and control must cope with mass customization, increased fluctuations in demand, and high competition pressures. Despite prevailing market risks, planning accuracy and increased adaptability in the event of disruptions or failures must be ensured, while simultaneously optimizing key process indicators. To manage that complex task, neural networks that can process large quantities of high-dimensional data in real time have been widely adopted in recent years. Although these are already extensively deployed in production systems, a systematic review of applications and implemented agent embeddings and architectures has not yet been conducted. The main contribution of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with an overview of applications and applied embeddings and to motivate further research in neural agent-based production. Findings indicate that neural agents are not only deployed in diverse applications, but are also increasingly implemented in multi-agent environments or in combination with conventional methods — leveraging performances compared to benchmarks and reducing dependence on human experience. This not only implies a more sophisticated focus on distributed production resources, but also broadening the perspective from a local to a global scale. Nevertheless, future research must further increase scalability and reproducibility to guarantee a simplified transfer of results to reality.
KW  - production planning and control
KW  - machine learning
KW  - neural networks
KW  - systematic literature review
KW  - taxonomy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.10.019
SN  - 0278-6125
VL  - 65
SP  - 743
EP  - 766
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Panzer, Marcel
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - A deep reinforcement learning based hyper-heuristic for modular production control
JF  - International journal of production research
N2  - In nowadays production, fluctuations in demand, shortening product life-cycles, and highly configurable products require an adaptive and robust control approach to maintain competitiveness. This approach must not only optimise desired production objectives but also cope with unforeseen machine failures, rush orders, and changes in short-term demand. Previous control approaches were often implemented using a single operations layer and a standalone deep learning approach, which may not adequately address the complex organisational demands of modern manufacturing systems. To address this challenge, we propose a hyper-heuristics control model within a semi-heterarchical production system, in which multiple manufacturing and distribution agents are spread across pre-defined modules. The agents employ a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to learn a policy for selecting low-level heuristics in a situation-specific manner, thereby leveraging system performance and adaptability. We tested our approach in simulation and transferred it to a hybrid production environment. By that, we were able to demonstrate its multi-objective optimisation capabilities compared to conventional approaches in terms of mean throughput time, tardiness, and processing of prioritised orders in a multi-layered production system. The modular design is promising in reducing the overall system complexity and facilitates a quick and seamless integration into other scenarios.
KW  - production control
KW  - modular production
KW  - multi-agent system
KW  - deep reinforcement learning
KW  - deep learning
KW  - multi-objective optimisation
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2023.2233641
SN  - 0020-7543
SN  - 1366-588X
SN  - 0278-6125
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benlian, Alexander
A1  - Wiener, Martin
A1  - Cram, W. Alec
A1  - Krasnova, Hanna
A1  - Maedche, Alexander
A1  - Mohlmann, Mareike
A1  - Recker, Jan
A1  - Remus, Ulrich
T1  - Algorithmic management
BT  - bright and dark sides, practical implications, and research opportunities
JF  - Business and information systems engineering
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-022-00764-w
SN  - 2363-7005
SN  - 1867-0202
VL  - 64
IS  - 6
SP  - 825
EP  - 839
PB  - Springer Gabler
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Debre, Maria Josepha
T1  - Clubs of autocrats
BT  - regional organizations and authoritarian survival
JF  - The review of international organizations
N2  - While scholars have argued that membership in Regional Organizations (ROs) can increase the likelihood of democratization, we see many autocratic regimes surviving in power albeit being members of several ROs. This article argues that this is the case because these regimes are often members in "Clubs of Autocrats" that supply material and ideational resources to strengthen domestic survival politics and shield members from external interference during moments of political turmoil. The argument is supported by survival analysis testing the effect of membership in autocratic ROs on regime survival between 1946 to 2010. It finds that membership in ROs composed of more autocratic member states does in fact raise the likelihood of regime survival by protecting incumbents against democratic challenges such as civil unrest or political dissent. However, autocratic RO membership does not help to prevent regime breakdown due to autocratic challenges like military coups, potentially because these types of threats are less likely to diffuse to other member states. The article thereby adds to our understanding of the limits of democratization and potential reverse effects of international cooperation, and contributes to the literature addressing interdependences of international and domestic politics in autocratic regimes.
KW  - regional organizations
KW  - authoritarian resilience
KW  - democratization
KW  - survival analysis
KW  - domestic politics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09428-y
SN  - 1559-7431
SN  - 1559-744X
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 485
EP  - 511
PB  - Springer
CY  - Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dijkstra, Hylke
A1  - Debre, Maria Josepha
T1  - The death of major international organizations
BT  - when institutional stickiness is not enough
JF  - Global studies quarterly
N2  - Major international organizations (IOs) are heavily contested, but they are rarely dissolved. Scholars have focused on their longevity, making institutional arguments about replacement costs and institutional assets as well as IO agency to adapt and resist challenges. This article analyzes the limits of institutional stickiness by focusing on outlier cases. While major IOs are dissolved at considerably lower rates than minor IOs, the article nevertheless identifies twenty-one cases where major IOs have died since 1815. These are tough cases as they do not conform to our institutionalist expectations. To better understand these rare but important events, the article provides case illustrations from the League of Nations and International Refugee Organization, which were dissolved due to their perceived underperformance and a disappearing demand for cooperation. These cases show the limits of the institutional theories of IO stickiness: sometimes member states find high replacement costs justified or consider assets as sunk costs, and IOs may lack agency to strategically respond. This article refines theories of institutional stickiness and contributes to the institutional theory of the life and death of IOs.

Les principales organisations internationales (OI) sont fortement contestées, mais rarement dissoutes. Pour expliquer leur longévité, les chercheurs ont avancé des arguments institutionnels concernant les coûts de remplacement et les actifs de l'institution, mais aussi la capacité des OI à s'adapter et à résister aux défis. Cet article analyse les limites de la persistance des institutions en se concentrant sur des cas particuliers. Tandis que les principales OI sont dissoutes bien moins fréquemment que des OI moins importantes, cet article identifie néanmoins 21 cas de disparition d'OI principales depuis 1815. Ces derniers sont particulièrement difficiles, car ils ne correspondent pas à nos attentes en termes d'institutions. Afin de mieux comprendre ces événements rares, mais non moins importants, l'article propose comme illustrations de cas la Société des Nations et l'Organisation internationale pour les réfugiés, qui ont été dissoutes à cause de leur manque apparent de résultats et de la disparition de la demande de coopération. Ces cas mettent en évidence les limites des théories institutionnelles de persistance des OI : parfois, les États membres considèrent les coûts de remplacement élevés justifiés ou les actifs comme des coûts irrécupérables, et les OI n'ont peut-être pas la capacité de leur répondre de manière stratégique. Le présent article affine les théories de persistance institutionnelle et contribue à la théorie institutionnelle de vie et de mort des OI.

Las organizaciones internacionales (OI) más importantes son muy cuestionadas, pero rara vez se disuelven. Los investigadores se han centrado en la longevidad de las IO, formulando argumentos institucionales sobre los costes de sustitución y los activos institucionales, así como sobre la capacidad de adaptación y resistencia de las organizaciones internacionales. Este artículo analiza los límites de la rigidez institucional centrándose en casos atípicos. Aunque las OI más importantes se disuelven en proporciones considerablemente menores que las OI de menor importancia, el artículo identifica 21 casos en los que OI más importantes desaparecieron desde 1815. Se trata de casos difíciles, ya que no se ajustan a nuestras expectativas institucionalistas. Para comprender mejor estos raros pero importantes acontecimientos, el artículo ofrece ejemplos de casos de la Sociedad de Naciones y de la, Organización Internacional para los Refugiados que se disolvieron debido a su bajo desempeño percibido y a la desaparición de la demanda de cooperación. Estos casos muestran los límites de las teorías institucionales sobre la rigidez de las OI: En ocasiones, los Estados miembros consideran justificados los elevados costes de sustitución o consideran que los activos son costes irrecuperables, y las OI pueden no disponer de capacidad de respuesta estratégica. Este artículo profundiza en las teorías de la rigidez institucional y contribuye a la teoría institucional de la vida y la muerte de las organizaciones internacionales.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq/ksac048
SN  - 2634-3797
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Davies, Michael J.
A1  - Drury, Benjamin
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Moran, Jason
T1  - Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association
N2  - Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport.
KW  - girls
KW  - exercise
KW  - sport
KW  - athlete
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216
SN  - 1064-8011
SN  - 1533-4287
VL  - 35
IS  - 10
SP  - 2690
EP  - 2697
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhn, Eugênia Carla
A1  - Tavares Jacques, Maurício
A1  - Teixeira, Daniela
A1  - Meyer, Sören
A1  - Gralha, Thiago
A1  - Roehrs, Rafael
A1  - Camargo, Sandro
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
A1  - Ávila, Daiana Silva
T1  - Ecotoxicological assessment of Uruguay River and affluents pre- and biomonitoring
JF  - Environmental science and pollution research : ESPR
N2  - Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety.
KW  - Heavy metals
KW  - Pesticides
KW  - Contamination
KW  - Arsenic
KW  - Environmental
KW  - pollution
KW  - Uruguay River
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11986-4
SN  - 0944-1344
SN  - 1614-7499
VL  - 28
IS  - 17
SP  - 21730
EP  - 21741
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer-Preßler, Diana
A1  - Marx, Julian
A1  - Bunker, Deborah
A1  - Stieglitz, Stefan
A1  - Fischbach, Kai
T1  - Social media information governance in multi-level organizations
BT  - how humanitarian organizations accrue social capital
JF  - Information and management
N2  - Strategic social media use positively influences organizational goals such as the long-term accrual of social capital, and thus social media information governance has become an increasingly important organizational objective. It is particularly important for humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (HNGOs), whose work relies on accurate and timely information regarding socially altruistic behavior (donations, volunteerism, etc.). Despite the potential of social media for increasing social capital, tensions in governing social media information across an organization's different operational levels (regional, intermediate, and national) pose a difficult challenge. Prominent governance frameworks offer little guidance, as their focus on control and incremental policymaking is largely incompatible with the processes, roles, standards, and metrics needed for managing self-governing social media. This study offers a notion of dynamic and co-evolutionary process management of multi-level organizations as a means of conceptualizing social media information governance for the accrual of organizational social capital. Based on interviews with members of HNGOs, this study reveals tensions that emerge within eight focus areas of accruing social capital in multi-level organizations, explains how dynamic process management can ease those tensions, and proposes corresponding strategy recommendations.
KW  - social media
KW  - social capital
KW  - information governance
KW  - dynamic and co-evolutionary process management
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103838
SN  - 0378-7206
SN  - 1872-7530
VL  - 60
IS  - 7
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -