TY - JOUR A1 - Faber, Eike T1 - The foedus of 382 or how the Goths did not become integrated into the Roman Empire JF - The Theodosian age Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-1-4073-1107-4 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - Archaeopress CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eich, Susanne A1 - Schmälzlin, Elmar A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Distributed fiber optical sensing of oxygen with optical time domain reflectometry T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In many biological and environmental applications spatially resolved sensing of molecular oxygen is desirable. A powerful tool for distributed measurements is optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) which is often used in the field of telecommunications. We combine this technique with a novel optical oxygen sensor dye, triangular-[4] phenylene (TP), immobilized in a polymer matrix. The TP luminescence decay time is 86 ns. The short decay time of the sensor dye is suitable to achieve a spatial resolution of some meters. In this paper we present the development and characterization of a reflectometer in the UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as optical oxygen sensing with different fiber arrangements. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1085 KW - OTDR KW - optical sensing KW - molecular oxygen KW - triangular-[4] phenylene Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476659 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1085 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play JF - Societies N2 - When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions. KW - media violence KW - aggressive cognitions KW - associative networks KW - learning Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/soc3040445 SN - 2075-4698 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 445 EP - 456 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 678 KW - media violence KW - aggressive cognitions KW - associative networks KW - learning Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476181 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 678 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Matthes, Annika T1 - Photochemical synthesis and properties of 1,6- and 1,8-Naphthalenophanes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Various 1,6- and 1,8-naphthalenophanes were synthesized by using the Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction of bis-ynones. These compounds are easily accessible from omega-(3-iodophenyl)carboxylic acids in three steps. The obtained naphthalenophanes are axially chiral and the activation barrier for the atropisomerization could be determined in some cases by means of dynamic NMR (DNMR) and/or dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) experiments. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1042 KW - photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction KW - naphthalenophanes KW - atropisomerism KW - dynamic NMR KW - dynamic HPLC Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476675 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1042 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baumann, Tobias A1 - Arndt, Katja Maren A1 - Müller, Kristian M. T1 - Directional cloning of DNA fragments using deoxyinosine-containing oligonucleotides and endonuclease V T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: DNA fragments carrying internal recognition sites for the restriction endonucleases intended for cloning into a target plasmid pose a challenge for conventional cloning. Results: A method for directional insertion of DNA fragments into plasmid vectors has been developed. The target sequence is amplified from a template DNA sample by PCR using two oligonucleotides each containing a single deoxyinosine base at the third position from the 5' end. Treatment of such PCR products with endonuclease V generates 3' protruding ends suitable for ligation with vector fragments created by conventional restriction endonuclease reactions. Conclusions: The developed approach generates terminal cohesive ends without the use of Type II restriction endonucleases, and is thus independent from the DNA sequence. Due to PCR amplification, minimal amounts of template DNA are required. Using the robust Taq enzyme or a proofreading Pfu DNA polymerase mutant, the method is applicable to a broad range of insert sequences. Appropriate primer design enables direct incorporation of terminal DNA sequence modifications such as tag addition, insertions, deletions and mutations into the cloning strategy. Further, the restriction sites of the target plasmid can be either retained or removed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 983 KW - cohesive ends KW - DNA cleavage KW - genetic vectors KW - modified primers KW - molecular methods KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - recombinant Escherichia coli KW - restriction enzymes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431085 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 983 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaourar, Naima A1 - Hamoudi, Mohamed A1 - Mandea, Mioara A1 - Balasis, Georgios A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Wavelet-based multiscale analysis of geomagnetic disturbance T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The dynamics of external contributions to the geomagnetic field is investigated by applying time-frequency methods to magnetic observatory data. Fractal models and multiscale analysis enable obtaining maximum quantitative information related to the short-term dynamics of the geomagnetic field activity. The stochastic properties of the horizontal component of the transient external field are determined by searching for scaling laws in the power spectra. The spectrum fits a power law with a scaling exponent β, a typical characteristic of self-affine time-series. Local variations in the power-law exponent are investigated by applying wavelet analysis to the same time-series. These analyses highlight the self-affine properties of geomagnetic perturbations and their persistence. Moreover, they show that the main phases of sudden storm disturbances are uniquely characterized by a scaling exponent varying between 1 and 3, possibly related to the energy contained in the external field. These new findings suggest the existence of a long-range dependence, the scaling exponent being an efficient indicator of geomagnetic activity and singularity detection. These results show that by using magnetogram regularity to reflect the magnetosphere activity, a theoretical analysis of the external geomagnetic field based on local power-law exponents is possible. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 947 KW - geomagnetic field KW - magnetosphere KW - geomagnetic storm KW - multiscale analysis KW - spectral exponent Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436912 SN - 1866-8372 VL - 65 IS - 12 SP - 1525 EP - 1540 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karpuz, Eylem Guzel A1 - Çevik, Ahmet Sinan A1 - Koppitz, Jörg A1 - Cangul, Ismail Naci T1 - Some fixed-point results on (generalized) Bruck-Reilly ∗-extensions of monoids T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In this paper, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for Bruck-Reilly and generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extensions of arbitrary monoids to be regular, coregular and strongly π-inverse. These semigroup classes have applications in various field of mathematics, such as matrix theory, discrete mathematics and p-adic analysis (especially in operator theory). In addition, while regularity and coregularity have so many applications in the meaning of boundaries (again in operator theory), inverse monoids and Bruck-Reilly extensions contain a mixture fixed-point results of algebra, topology and geometry within the purposes of this journal. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 942 KW - Bruck-Reilly extension KW - generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extension KW - π -inverse monoid KW - regular monoid Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432701 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 942 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bentele, Kajetan A1 - Saffert, Paul A1 - Rauscher, Robert A1 - Ignatova, Zoya A1 - Bluethgen, Nils T1 - Efficient translation initiation dictates codon usage at gene start T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The genetic code is degenerate; thus, protein evolution does not uniquely determine the coding sequence. One of the puzzles in evolutionary genetics is therefore to uncover evolutionary driving forces that result in specific codon choice. In many bacteria, the first 5-10 codons of protein-coding genes are often codons that are less frequently used in the rest of the genome, an effect that has been argued to arise from selection for slowed early elongation to reduce ribosome traffic jams. However, genome analysis across many species has demonstrated that the region shows reduced mRNA folding consistent with pressure for efficient translation initiation. This raises the possibility that unusual codon usage is a side effect of selection for reduced mRNA structure. Here we discriminate between these two competing hypotheses, and show that in bacteria selection favours codons that reduce mRNA folding around the translation start, regardless of whether these codons are frequent or rare. Experiments confirm that primarily mRNA structure, and not codon usage, at the beginning of genes determines the translation rate. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 912 KW - codon usage KW - mRNA structure KW - translation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441337 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 912 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Van Bel, Michiel A1 - Proost, Sebastian A1 - Van Neste, Christophe A1 - Deforce, Dieter A1 - Van de Peer, Yves A1 - Vandepoele, Klaas T1 - TRAPID BT - an efficient online tool for the functional and comparative analysis of de novo RNA-Seq transcriptomes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Transcriptome analysis through next-generation sequencing technologies allows the generation of detailed gene catalogs for non-model species, at the cost of new challenges with regards to computational requirements and bioinformatics expertise. Here, we present TRAPID, an online tool for the fast and efficient processing of assembled RNA-Seq transcriptome data, developed to mitigate these challenges. TRAPID offers high-throughput open reading frame detection, frameshift correction and includes a functional, comparative and phylogenetic toolbox, making use of 175 reference proteomes. Benchmarking and comparison against state-of-the-art transcript analysis tools reveals the efficiency and unique features of the TRAPID system. TRAPID is freely available at http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/trapid/. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 900 KW - gene ontology KW - gene family KW - functional annotation KW - reference database KW - reference proteomes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436409 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 900 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herrmann, Benedikt A1 - Kritikos, Alexander T1 - Growing out of the crisis BT - hidden assets to Greece's transition to an innovation economy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Greece’s currently planned institutional reforms will help to get the country going with limited economic growth. With an economy based primarily on tourism, trade, and agriculture, Greece lacks an established competitive industry and an innovation-friendly environment, resulting in a low export ratio given the small size of the country and its long-time EU-membership. Instead, Greece exports only its nation's talent, with low returns. To become prosperous, the country must better capitalize on its Eurozone membership and add innovative sectors to its economic structure. Given Greece's hidden assets, such as the attractiveness of the country, a small number of strong research centers and an impressive diaspora in research, finance and business, we envision a Greek “Silicon Valley” and propose a ten point policy plan to achieve that goal. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 896 KW - innovation KW - Greece KW - growth strategy KW - entrepreneurship KW - innovation systems KW - regulatory environment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434805 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 896 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molahajloo, Shahla A1 - Pirhayati, Mohammad T1 - Traces of pseudo-differential operators on compact and Hausdorff groups T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We give a characterization of and a trace formula for trace class pseudo-differential operators on compact Hausdorff groups. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 893 KW - pseudo-differential operators KW - compact groups Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436371 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 893 SP - 361 EP - 369 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thomas, Philipp A1 - Matuschek, Hannes A1 - Grima, Ramon T1 - How reliable is the linear noise approximation of gene regulatory networks? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The linear noise approximation (LNA) is commonly used to predict how noise is regulated and exploited at the cellular level. These predictions are exact for reaction networks composed exclusively of first order reactions or for networks involving bimolecular reactions and large numbers of molecules. It is however well known that gene regulation involves bimolecular interactions with molecule numbers as small as a single copy of a particular gene. It is therefore questionable how reliable are the LNA predictions for these systems. Results: We implement in the software package intrinsic Noise Analyzer (iNA), a system size expansion based method which calculates the mean concentrations and the variances of the fluctuations to an order of accuracy higher than the LNA. We then use iNA to explore the parametric dependence of the Fano factors and of the coefficients of variation of the mRNA and protein fluctuations in models of genetic networks involving nonlinear protein degradation, post-transcriptional, post-translational and negative feedback regulation. We find that the LNA can significantly underestimate the amplitude and period of noise-induced oscillations in genetic oscillators. We also identify cases where the LNA predicts that noise levels can be optimized by tuning a bimolecular rate constant whereas our method shows that no such regulation is possible. All our results are confirmed by stochastic simulations. Conclusion: The software iNA allows the investigation of parameter regimes where the LNA fares well and where it does not. We have shown that the parametric dependence of the coefficients of variation and Fano factors for common gene regulatory networks is better described by including terms of higher order than LNA in the system size expansion. This analysis is considerably faster than stochastic simulations due to the extensive ensemble averaging needed to obtain statistically meaningful results. Hence iNA is well suited for performing computationally efficient and quantitative studies of intrinsic noise in gene regulatory networks. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 876 KW - Gene Regulatory Network KW - Stochastic Simulation KW - Bimolecular Reaction KW - Fano Factor KW - Reaction Rate Constant Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435028 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 876 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grubmüller, Verena A1 - Götsch, Katharina A1 - Krieger, Bernhard T1 - Social media analytics for future oriented policy making T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Research indicates that evidence-based policy making is most successful when public administrators refer to diversified information portfolios. With the rising prominence of social media in the last decade, this paper argues that governments can benefit from integrating this publically available, user-generated data through the technique of social media analytics (SMA). There are already several initiatives set up to predict future policy issues, e.g. for the policy fields of crisis mitigation or migrant integration insights. The authors analyse these endeavours and their potential for providing more efficient and effective public policies. Furthermore, they scrutinise the challenges to governmental SMA usage in particular with regards to legal and ethical aspects. Reflecting the latter, this paper provides forward-looking recommendations on how these technologies can best be used for future policy making in a legally and ethically sound manner. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 121 KW - social media analytics KW - e-government KW - public policy KW - migrant integration KW - research ethics KW - informed consent Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432007 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 121 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gschwind, Yves J. A1 - Kressig, Reto W. A1 - Lacroix, Andre A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Pfenninger, Barbara A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - A best practice fall prevention exercise program to improve balance, strength/power, and psychosocial health in older adults BT - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: With increasing age neuromuscular deficits (e.g., sarcopenia) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk for falls. Prominent intrinsic fall-risk factors are age-related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline. Additional studies are needed to develop specifically tailored exercise programs for older adults that can easily be implemented into clinical practice. Thus, the objective of the present trial is to assess the effects of a fall prevention program that was developed by an interdisciplinary expert panel on measures of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognition, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy in healthy older adults. Additionally, the time-related effects of detraining are tested. Methods/Design: Healthy old people (n = 54) between the age of 65 to 80 years will participate in this trial. The testing protocol comprises tests for the assessment of static / dynamic steady-state balance (i.e., Sharpened Romberg Test, instrumented gait analysis), proactive balance (i.e., Functional Reach Test; Timed Up and Go Test), reactive balance (i.e., perturbation test during bipedal stance; Push and Release Test), strength (i.e., hand grip strength test; Chair Stand Test), and power (i.e., Stair Climb Power Test; countermovement jump). Further, body composition will be analysed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system. In addition, questionnaires for the assessment of psychosocial (i.e., World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-Bref), cognitive (i.e., Mini Mental State Examination), and fall risk determinants (i.e., Fall Efficacy Scale -International) will be included in the study protocol. Participants will be randomized into two intervention groups or the control / waiting group. After baseline measures, participants in the intervention groups will conduct a 12-week balance and strength / power exercise intervention 3 times per week, with each training session lasting 30 min. (actual training time). One intervention group will complete an extensive supervised training program, while the other intervention group will complete a short version (` 3 times 3') that is home-based and controlled by weekly phone calls. Post-tests will be conducted right after the intervention period. Additionally, detraining effects will be measured 12 weeks after program cessation. The control group / waiting group will not participate in any specific intervention during the experimental period, but will receive the extensive supervised program after the experimental period. Discussion: It is expected that particularly the supervised combination of balance and strength / power training will improve performance in variables of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognitive function, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy of older adults. In addition, information regarding fall risk assessment, dose-response-relations, detraining effects, and supervision of training will be provided. Further, training-induced health-relevant changes, such as improved performance in activities of daily living, cognitive function, and quality of life, as well as a reduced risk for falls may help to lower costs in the health care system. Finally, practitioners, therapists, and instructors will be provided with a scientifically evaluated feasible, safe, and easy-to-administer exercise program for fall prevention. KW - seniors KW - fall risk assessment KW - resistance training KW - postural stability Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427104 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 604 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike A1 - Sütterlin, Sabine A1 - Rost, Sophia A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje T1 - Portal Wissen = Borders BT - The Research Magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - The new edition of the Potsdam Research Magazine “Portal Wissen” approaches the subject “Borders” from different perspectives. As a linguist, this headline makes me think of linguistic borders and the effects that might result from the contact of two languages at a particular border. There is, for instance, ample evidence of code-switching, i.e. the use of material from at least two languages in a single utterance. The reasons for code-switching can be manifold. On the one hand, code-switching may result from a limited language competence, for example if a speaker lacks a particular word in a nonnative language. On the other hand, code-switching may be a matter of prestige if the speaker wants to demonstrate his or her affiliation to a certain social group by switching languages. If code-switching does not only occur sporadically but involves whole language communities over a longer period of time, it can result in significant changes of the involved languages. Which language “gives” and which one “takes” is determined by sociolinguistic factors. It is, hence, quite easy to predict that German varieties spoken in language islands in South and Eastern Europe as well as in North and Latin America will absorb more and more language material from their neighbouring languages until they disappear unless political will strives to preserve these language varieties. Increasing mobility of modern societies has multiplied the extent and the intensity of language contact and certainly comprises a large number of different contact situations besides the one most commonly known, i.e. the contact between German and English. From a historic point of view, German witnesses a strong influence of various Romance languages such as Latin, French and Italian. In Potsdam, one cannot help being reminded of the French influence during the 18th century. Overcoming language borders becomes also apparent in the everyday life of an international research university. In March this year, the Annual Conference of the German Linguistic Society took place in Potsdam, with more than 500 participants. Lingua franca of this conference was English. Compared to previous conferences, this further increased the number of international participants. The articles in this edition illustrate various approaches to the topic “Borders”: On the trail of “Boundary Surveys”, we follow the Australian explorer Ludwig Leichhardt. “Travellers Across Borders” is focussed on articles dealing with the literature of the colonial Caribbean or with the work of an Italian geologist deep beneath the earth’s surface, for example. Looking for the “Boundless”, our authors follow scientists who discuss questions like “Why love hurts?”. The present issue of “Portal Wissen” also takes into account “Drawing Up Borders” in an article that is concerned with the limits of workrelated stress. Instances of successful “Border Crossing” are provided by the “Handkerchief Lab” as well as by new biotechnological applications. I would like to wish you inspiring border experiences, hoping that you will get many impulses for crossing professional borders in your field of expertise. Prof. Ulrike Demske Professor of the History and the Varieties of the German Language Vice President International Affairs, Alumni and Fundraising T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 02/2013 Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441430 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 02/2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Sütterlin, Sabine A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Görlich, Petra T1 - Portal Wissen = Layers BT - The Research Magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - The latest edition of our Potsdam Research Magazine “Portal Wissen” addresses the topic “Layers” in many different ways. Geoscientists often deal with layers: layers of soil, sediment, or rock are the evidence of repeated and long-lasting processes of erosion and sedimentation that took place in the early history of the earth. For instance, mountains are eroded by water, ice and wind. The sand that results from that erosion might eventually form a new layer on the ocean floor known as a sediment horizon. After tens of millions of years, tectonic plate movements can deform the ocean floor, pushing it upwards as mountains are created, bringing the layers of sand from former mountain chains together with fossilized sea dwellers into the realm of climbers and mountaineers – a fundamental cycle within the Earth system that was succinctly described by Ibn Sina nearly 1000 years ago, and later by Charles Darwin when he was crossing the Andes. The landscape around us overlays the products of recent processes with those from the past. Slow processes or extreme events that happen very rarely – like floods, earthquakes or rockslides – wipe out certain characteristics, while others remain on the surface. In this sense, the landscape is like a palimpsest – a piece of parchment that monks in the Middle Ages scraped clean again and again to write something new. Analysing rock layers and soil is similar to the work of a detective. Geophysical deep sounding with sound and radar waves, precise measurements of motions related to earthquakes, and deep boreholes each provide a glimpse of the characteristics of what lies beneath us, giving us a better understanding of spatial distribution of the various layers. Fossils can tell us the age of a layer of sediment, while radiometric isotopes in minerals reveal how quickly a rock moved from deep within the Earth up to the surface, perhaps during the process of mountain building. Thin layers of ash tell us when there was a devastating volcanic eruption that influenced environmental conditions. The shape, gradation, and surface conditions of sand grains reflect whether wind or water was responsible for their transport. We know, for instance, that northern Germany was a desert landscape more than 260 million years ago. At that time, the wind made huge dunes migrate across the region. Over time, climate and vegetation slowly alter the physical and chemical characteristics of sand and rock at the surface, turning them into soil, the epidermis of our planet. Mineralogical analyses of layers of the soil layer tell us whether the climate was dry or wet. These kinds of observations allow us to reconstruct links between our climate system and processes that have taken place on the Earth’s surface, as well as those processes that originate at much deeper levels. The clues we use might be hidden under the surface of the earth or clearly visible on the surface, like in the mountains, or even in freshly cut rock alongside roads. On the following pages, we invite you to accompany scientists from Potsdam into their world of research. They track hidden traces of longgone earthquakes in the Tien Shan Mountains; they discover ancient forms of life in deep-sea sediments. They even examine layers in outer space that can tell us something about the formation of planets. “Portal Wissen” not only presents scientists of the University of Potsdam who deal with the sequence of layers formed by solid rock, but also those scientists who deal with levels of education or social strata. Research scientists explain how to implement the social mission of inclusion in teaching, and how pupils from the Berlin district Kreuzberg examine language in urban neighbourhoods together with students from the University of Potsdam. Although these types of “layers” are very different, they all have something in common. Their structure and profile are evidence of continuously changing conditions. The present will leave traces and layers that future geoscientists will measure and examine. We already speak of the Anthropocene, a geological era dominated by humans, which is characterized by far-reaching changes in erosion and sedimentation rates, and the displacement of natural habitats. I hope that you will discover exciting and inspiring stories in this edition. And remember – it is always worth having a look beneath the surface. Prof. Manfred Strecker, PHD Professor of Geology T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 01/2013 Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441404 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 01/2013 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dörfler, Thomas A1 - Hosli, Madeleine O. T1 - Reforming the United Nations Security Council BT - proposals, strategies and preferences T2 - Routledge Handbook of International Organization Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-415-50143-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203405345.ch28 SP - 377 EP - 390 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boldt, Julia A1 - Leber, Alexander W. A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus A1 - Sohns, Christian A1 - Stula, Martin A1 - Huppertz, Alexander A1 - Haverkamp, Wilhelm A1 - Dorenkamp, Marc T1 - Cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in Germany T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Recent studies have demonstrated a superior diagnostic accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to determine the comparative cost-effectiveness of CMR versus single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Based on Bayes' theorem, a mathematical model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness and utility of CMR with SPECT in patients with suspected CAD. Invasive coronary angiography served as the standard of reference. Effectiveness was defined as the accurate detection of CAD, and utility as the number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Model input parameters were derived from the literature, and the cost analysis was conducted from a German health care payer's perspective. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Reimbursement fees represented only a minor fraction of the total costs incurred by a diagnostic strategy. Increases in the prevalence of CAD were generally associated with improved cost-effectiveness and decreased costs per utility unit (Delta QALY). By comparison, CMR was consistently more cost-effective than SPECT, and showed lower costs per QALY gained. Given a CAD prevalence of 0.50, CMR was associated with total costs of (sic)6,120 for one patient correctly diagnosed as having CAD and with (sic)2,246 per Delta QALY gained versus (sic)7,065 and (sic)2,931 for SPECT, respectively. Above a threshold value of CAD prevalence of 0.60, proceeding directly to invasive angiography was the most cost-effective approach. Conclusions: In patients with low to intermediate CAD probabilities, CMR is more cost-effective than SPECT. Moreover, lower costs per utility unit indicate a superior clinical utility of CMR. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 551 KW - cost-effectiveness KW - cardiovascular magnetic resonance KW - scintigraphy KW - coronary angiography KW - coronary artery disease Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430107 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 551 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Goychuk, Igor A1 - Kharchenko, Vasyl O. T1 - Rocking subdiffusive ratchets BT - origin, optimization and efficiency T2 - Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena N2 - We study origin, parameter optimization, and thermodynamic efficiency of isothermal rocking ratchets based on fractional subdiffusion within a generalized non-Markovian Langevin equation approach. A corresponding multi-dimensional Markovian embedding dynamics is realized using a set of auxiliary Brownian particles elastically coupled to the central Brownian particle (see video on the journal web site). We show that anomalous subdiffusive transport emerges due to an interplay of nonlinear response and viscoelastic effects for fractional Brownian motion in periodic potentials with broken space-inversion symmetry and driven by a time-periodic field. The anomalous transport becomes optimal for a subthreshold driving when the driving period matches a characteristic time scale of interwell transitions. It can also be optimized by varying temperature, amplitude of periodic potential and driving strength. The useful work done against a load shows a parabolic dependence on the load strength. It grows sublinearly with time and the corresponding thermodynamic efficiency decays algebraically in time because the energy supplied by the driving field scales with time linearly. However, it compares well with the efficiency of normal diffusion rocking ratchets on an appreciably long time scale. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 622 KW - anomalous Brownian motion KW - generalized Langevin equation KW - memory effects KW - viscoelasticity KW - ratchet transport KW - stochastic Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416138 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 622 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Driel-Gesztelyi, L. van A1 - Baker, Daniel N. A1 - Török, Tibor A1 - Pariat, Etienne A1 - Green, L. M. A1 - Williams, D. R. A1 - Carlyle, J. A1 - Valori, G. A1 - Démoulin, Pascal A1 - Matthews, S. A. A1 - Kliem, Bernhard A1 - Malherbe, J.-M. T1 - Magnetic reconnection driven by filament eruption in the 7 June 2011 event T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - During an unusually massive filament eruption on 7 June 2011, SDO/AIA imaged for the first time significant EUV emission around a magnetic reconnection region in the solar corona. The reconnection occurred between magnetic fields of the laterally expanding CME and a neighbouring active region. A pre-existing quasi-separatrix layer was activated in the process. This scenario is supported by data-constrained numerical simulations of the eruption. Observations show that dense cool filament plasma was re-directed and heated in situ, producing coronal-temperature emission around the reconnection region. These results provide the first direct observational evidence, supported by MHD simulations and magnetic modelling, that a large-scale re-configuration of the coronal magnetic field takes place during solar eruptions via the process of magnetic reconnection. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 608 KW - MHD KW - instabilities KW - Sun: activity KW - magnetic fields KW - coronal mass ejections (CMEs) KW - filaments KW - methods: numerical KW - data analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415671 IS - 608 SP - 502 EP - 503 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Green, Lucie M. A1 - Kliem, Bernhard T1 - Observations of flux rope formation prior to coronal mass ejections T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Understanding the magnetic configuration of the source regions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is vital in order to determine the trigger and driver of these events. Observations of four CME productive active regions are presented here, which indicate that the pre-eruption magnetic configuration is that of a magnetic flux rope. The flux ropes are formed in the solar atmosphere by the process known as flux cancellation and are stable for several hours before the eruption. The observations also indicate that the magnetic structure that erupts is not the entire flux rope as initially formed, raising the question of whether the flux rope is able to undergo a partial eruption or whether it undergoes a transition in specific flux rope configuration shortly before the CME. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 607 KW - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) KW - Sun: activity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416103 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 607 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schatz, Juliane A1 - Ohlendorf, Bernd A1 - Busse, Peter A1 - Pelz, Gerrit A1 - Dolch, Dietrich A1 - Teubner, Jens A1 - Encarnacao, Jorge A. A1 - Mühle, Ralf-Udo A1 - Fischer, M. A1 - Hoffmann, Bernd A1 - Kwasnitschka, Linda A1 - Balkema-Buschmann, Anne A1 - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Freuling, Conrad M. T1 - Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany BT - a detailed analysis and future perspectives T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0 center dot 15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 533 KW - Bat rabies KW - epidemiology KW - lyssavirus KW - surveillance Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415140 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 533 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Delikostidis, Ioannis A1 - Engel, Juri A1 - Retsios, Bas A1 - Elzakker, Corné P.J.M. van A1 - Kraak, Menno-Jan A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Increasing the usability of pedestrian navigation interfaces by means of landmark visibility analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Communicating location-specific information to pedestrians is a challenging task which can be aided by user-friendly digital technologies. In this paper, landmark visibility analysis, as a means for developing more usable pedestrian navigation systems, is discussed. Using an algorithmic framework for image-based 3D analysis, this method integrates a 3D city model with identified landmarks and produces raster visibility layers for each one. This output enables an Android phone prototype application to indicate the visibility of landmarks from the user's actual position. Tested in the field, the method achieves sufficient accuracy for the context of use and improves navigation efficiency and effectiveness. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 599 KW - pedestrian navigation KW - landmark visibility KW - user-centred design KW - usability testing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415500 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 599 SP - 523 EP - 537 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaminski, Roland A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Siegel, Anne A1 - Videla, Santiago T1 - Minimal intervention strategies in logical signaling networks with ASP T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Proposing relevant perturbations to biological signaling networks is central to many problems in biology and medicine because it allows for enabling or disabling certain biological outcomes. In contrast to quantitative methods that permit fine-grained (kinetic) analysis, qualitative approaches allow for addressing large-scale networks. This is accomplished by more abstract representations such as logical networks. We elaborate upon such a qualitative approach aiming at the computation of minimal interventions in logical signaling networks relying on Kleene's three-valued logic and fixpoint semantics. We address this problem within answer set programming and show that it greatly outperforms previous work using dedicated algorithms. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 596 KW - systems biology KW - transduction KW - circuits KW - models KW - sets Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415704 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 4-5 SP - 675 EP - 690 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Fleischhauer, Elisabeth A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Allomorphy and affixation in morphological processing BT - a cross-modal priming study with late bilinguals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study presents results from a cross-modal priming experiment investigating inflected verb forms of German. A group of late learners of German with Russian as their native language (L1) was compared to a control group of German L1 speakers. The experiment showed different priming patterns for the two participant groups. The L1 German data yielded a stem-priming effect for inflected forms involving regular affixation and a partial priming effect for irregular forms irrespective of stem allomorphy. By contrast, the data from the late bilinguals showed reduced priming effects for both regular and irregular forms. We argue that late learners rely more on lexically stored inflected word forms during word recognition and less on morphological parsing than native speakers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 532 KW - bilingual processing KW - morphological priming KW - second language KW - German morphology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415408 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 532 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ott, Susan A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Verb inflection in German-learning children with typical and atypical language acquisition BT - the impact of subsyllabic frequencies T2 - Journal of Child Language N2 - Previous research has shown that high phonotactic frequencies facilitate the production of regularly inflected verbs in English-learning children with specific language impairment (SLI) but not with typical development (TD). We asked whether this finding can be replicated for German, a language with a much more complex inflectional verb paradigm than English. Using an elicitation task, the production of inflected nonce verb forms (3 rd person singular with -t suffix) with either high- or low-frequency subsyllables was tested in sixteen German-learning children with SLI (ages 4;1–5 ;1), sixteen TD-children matched for chronological age (CA) and fourteen TD- children matched for verbal age (VA) (ages 3;0–3 ;11). The findings revealed that children with SLI, but not CA- or VA-children, showed differential performance between the two types of verbs, producing more inflectional errors when the verb forms resulted in low-frequency subsyllables than when they resulted in high-frequency subsyllables, replicating the results from English-learning children. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 530 KW - english past tense KW - phonotactic probability KW - sentence repetition KW - nonword repetition KW - speaking children KW - impairment KW - morphology KW - infants KW - speech KW - words Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416475 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 530 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Banbara, Mutsunori A1 - Soh, Takehide A1 - Tamura, Naoyuki A1 - Inoue, Katsumi A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - Answer set programming as a modeling language for course timetabling T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The course timetabling problem can be generally defined as the task of assigning a number of lectures to a limited set of timeslots and rooms, subject to a given set of hard and soft constraints. The modeling language for course timetabling is required to be expressive enough to specify a wide variety of soft constraints and objective functions. Furthermore, the resulting encoding is required to be extensible for capturing new constraints and for switching them between hard and soft, and to be flexible enough to deal with different formulations. In this paper, we propose to make effective use of ASP as a modeling language for course timetabling. We show that our ASP-based approach can naturally satisfy the above requirements, through an ASP encoding of the curriculum-based course timetabling problem proposed in the third track of the second international timetabling competition (ITC-2007). Our encoding is compact and human-readable, since each constraint is individually expressed by either one or two rules. Each hard constraint is expressed by using integrity constraints and aggregates of ASP. Each soft constraint S is expressed by rules in which the head is the form of penalty (S, V, C), and a violation V and its penalty cost C are detected and calculated respectively in the body. We carried out experiments on four different benchmark sets with five different formulations. We succeeded either in improving the bounds or producing the same bounds for many combinations of problem instances and formulations, compared with the previous best known bounds. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 594 KW - answer set programming KW - educational timetabling KW - course timetabling Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415469 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 594 SP - 783 EP - 798 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Zaid, Irwin M. A1 - Lomholt, Michael A. A1 - Sokolov, Igor M. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Bulk-mediated surface diffusion on a cylinder in the fast exchange limit T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In various biological systems and small scale technological applications particles transiently bind to a cylindrical surface. Upon unbinding the particles diffuse in the vicinal bulk before rebinding to the surface. Such bulk-mediated excursions give rise to an effective surface translation, for which we here derive and discuss the dynamic equations, including additional surface diffusion. We discuss the time evolution of the number of surface-bound particles, the effective surface mean squared displacement, and the surface propagator. In particular, we observe sub- and superdiffusive regimes. A plateau of the surface mean-squared displacement reflects a stalling of the surface diffusion at longer times. Finally, the corresponding first passage problem for the cylindrical geometry is analysed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 593 KW - Bulk-mediated diffusion; KW - anomalous diffusion KW - Levy flights KW - stochastic processes Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415480 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 593 SP - 114 EP - 126 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hafer, Jörg A1 - Kiy, Alexander ED - Buchem, Ilona ED - Graham, Attwell ED - Tur, Gemma T1 - The university-wide introduction of an ePortfolio system as transdisciplinary task BT - Results of an implementation process and perspectives on an optimized process model T2 - Proceedings of the PLE Conference 2013: Learning and Diversity in the Cities of the Future Y1 - 2013 SP - 363 EP - 373 PB - Logos CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Oliver A1 - van Putten, Bart-Jan A1 - Brecht, Franziska T1 - Challenges in Business Case Development and Requirements for Business Case Frameworks JF - Supporting Reuse in Business Case Development N2 - Business cases (BC) are often used to support information systems (IS) investment evaluation. Unfortunately, business case development (BCD) is a complex task, especially identifying and quantifying the benefits of a proposed investment. Although today’s business case frameworks (BCF) support BCD to some extent, they have several limitations Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-658-01170-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01171-0_2 SP - 8 EP - 22 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Drawing from the bargaining pool BT - determinants of ministerial selection in Germany T2 - Party politics N2 - This article expands our current knowledge about ministerial selection in coalition governments and analyses why ministerial candidates succeed in acquiring a cabinet position after general elections. It argues that political parties bargain over potential office-holders during government-formation processes, selecting future cabinet ministers from an emerging bargaining pool'. The article draws upon a new dataset comprising all ministrable candidates discussed by political parties during eight government-formation processes in Germany between 1983 and 2009. The conditional logit regression analysis reveals that temporal dynamics, such as the day she enters the pool, have a significant effect on her success in achieving a cabinet position. Other determinants of ministerial selection discussed in the existing literature, such as party and parliamentary expertise, are less relevant for achieving ministerial office. The article concludes that scholarship on ministerial selection requires a stronger emphasis for its endogenous nature in government-formation as well as the relevance of temporal dynamics in such processes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 87 KW - candidates KW - Germany KW - government-formation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404479 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kager, René T1 - OCP-PLACE in speech segmentation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - OCP-Place, a cross-linguistically well-attested constraint against pairs of consonants with shared [place], is psychologically real. Studies have shown that the processing of words violating OCP-Place is inhibited. Functionalists assume that OCP arises as a consequence of low-level perception: a consonant following another with the same [place] cannot be faithfully perceived as an independent unit. If functionalist theories were correct, then lexical access would be inhibited if two homorganic consonants conjoin at word boundaries-a problem that can only be solved with lexical feedback. Here, we experimentally challenge the functional account by showing that OCP-Place can be used as a speech segmentation cue during pre-lexical processing without lexical feedback, and that the use relates to distributions in the input. In Experiment 1, native listeners of Dutch located word boundaries between two labials when segmenting an artificial language. This indicates a use of OCP-Labial as a segmentation cue, implying a full perception of both labials. Experiment 2 shows that segmentation performance cannot solely be explained by well-formedness intuitions. Experiment 3 shows that knowledge of OCP-Place depends on language-specific input: in Dutch, co-occurrences of labials are under-represented, but co-occurrences of coronals are not. Accordingly, Dutch listeners fail to use OCP-Coronal for segmentation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 386 KW - artificial language learning KW - OCP-Place KW - phonotactics KW - speech segmentation KW - pre-lexical processing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404141 IS - 386 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prot, Sara A1 - Gentile, Douglas A. A1 - Anderson, Craig A. A1 - Suzuki, Kanae A1 - Swing, Edward A1 - Lim, Kam Ming A1 - Horiuchi, Yukiko A1 - Jelic, Margareta A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Liuqing, Wei A1 - Liau, Albert K. A1 - Khoo, Angeline A1 - Petrescu, Poesis Diana A1 - Sakamoto, Akira A1 - Tajima, Sachi A1 - Toma, Roxana Andreea A1 - Warburton, Wayne A1 - Zhang, Xuemin A1 - Lam, Ben Chun Pan T1 - Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Despite recent growth of research on the effects of prosocial media, processes underlying these effects are not well understood. Two studies explored theoretically relevant mediators and moderators of the effects of prosocial media on helping. Study 1 examined associations among prosocial- and violent-media use, empathy, and helping in samples from seven countries. Prosocial-media use was positively associated with helping. This effect was mediated by empathy and was similar across cultures. Study 2 explored longitudinal relations among prosocial-video-game use, violent-video-game use, empathy, and helping in a large sample of Singaporean children and adolescents measured three times across 2 years. Path analyses showed significant longitudinal effects of prosocial- and violent-video-game use on prosocial behavior through empathy. Latent-growth-curve modeling for the 2-year period revealed that change in video-game use significantly affected change in helping, and that this relationship was mediated by change in empathy. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 389 KW - mass media KW - cross-cultural differences KW - social behavior KW - prosocial media KW - violent media KW - prosocial behavior KW - empathy KW - helping KW - general learning model KW - prediction Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404136 IS - 389 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chmielewski, Anna K. A1 - Dumont, Hanna A1 - Trautwein, Ulrich T1 - Tracking effects depend on tracking type BT - an international comparison of students’ mathematics self-concept T2 - American educational research journal N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine how different types of tracking— between-school streaming, within-school streaming, and course-by-course tracking—shape students’ mathematics self-concept. This was done in an internationally comparative framework using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). After controlling for individual and track mean achievement, results indicated that generally for students in course-by-course tracking, high-track students had higher mathematics self-concepts and low-track students had lower mathematics self-concepts. For students in between-school and within-school streaming, the reverse pattern was found. These findings suggest a solution to the ongoing debate about the effects of tracking on students’ academic self-concept and suggest that the reference groups to which students compare themselves differ according to the type of tracking. KW - academic self-concept KW - international comparison KW - reference groups KW - social comparison KW - tracking Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404052 VL - 50 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chmielewski, Anna K. A1 - Dumont, Hanna A1 - Trautwein, Ulrich T1 - Tracking Effects Depend on Tracking Type BT - An International Comparison of Students’ Mathematics Self-Concept JF - American Educational Research Journal N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine how different types of tracking— between-school streaming, within-school streaming, and course-by-course tracking—shape students’ mathematics self-concept. This was done in an internationally comparative framework using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). After controlling for individual and track mean achievement, results indicated that generally for students in course-by-course tracking, high-track students had higher mathematics self-concepts and low-track students had lower mathematics self-concepts. For students in between-school and within-school streaming, the reverse pat- tern was found. These findings suggest a solution to the ongoing debate about the effects of tracking on students’ academic self-concept and suggest that the reference groups to which students compare themselves differ according to the type of tracking. KW - academic self-concept KW - international comparison KW - reference groups KW - social comparison KW - tracking Y1 - 2013 UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3102/0002831213489843 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831213489843 SN - 0002-8312 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 926 EP - 957 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Balkhair, Loay A1 - Schutter, John-Sebastian A1 - Cunnings, Ian T1 - The time course of morphological processing in a second language T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report findings from psycholinguistic experiments investigating the detailed timing of processing morphologically complex words by proficient adult second (L2) language learners of English in comparison to adult native (L1) speakers of English. The first study employed the masked priming technique to investigate -ed forms with a group of advanced Arabic-speaking learners of English. The results replicate previously found L1/L2 differences in morphological priming, even though in the present experiment an extra temporal delay was offered after the presentation of the prime words. The second study examined the timing of constraints against inflected forms inside derived words in English using the eye-movement monitoring technique and an additional acceptability judgment task with highly advanced Dutch L2 learners of English in comparison to adult L1 English controls. Whilst offline the L2 learners performed native-like, the eye-movement data showed that their online processing was not affected by the morphological constraint against regular plurals inside derived words in the same way as in native speakers. Taken together, these findings indicate that L2 learners are not just slower than native speakers in processing morphologically complex words, but that the L2 comprehension system employs real-time grammatical analysis (in this case, morphological information) less than the L1 system. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 379 KW - compounds KW - derivational morphology KW - English as a seond language KW - inflectional morphology KW - late bilinguals KW - masked priming KW - morphology processing KW - past tense KW - shallow structure hypothesis Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403684 IS - 379 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Baumgarten, Franz A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Reduced self-control leads to disregard of an unfamiliar behavioral option BT - an experimental approach to the study of neuroenhancement N2 - Background: Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of psychoactive substances in order to enhance a healthy individual's cognitive functioning from a proficient to an even higher level, is prevalent in student populations. According to the strength model of self-control, people fail to self-regulate and fall back on their dominant behavioral response when finite self-control resources are depleted. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that ego-depletion will prevent students who are unfamiliar with NE from trying it. Findings: 130 undergraduates, who denied having tried NE before (43% female, mean age = 22.76 +/- 4.15 years old), were randomly assigned to either an ego-depletion or a control condition. The dependent variable was taking an "energy-stick" (a legal nutritional supplement, containing low doses of caffeine, taurine and vitamin B), offered as a potential means of enhancing performance on the bogus concentration task that followed. Logistic regression analysis showed that ego-depleted participants were three times less likely to take the substance, OR = 0.37, p = .01. Conclusion: This experiment found that trying NE for the first time was more likely if an individual's cognitive capacities were not depleted. This means that mental exhaustion is not predictive for NE in students for whom NE is not the dominant response. Trying NE for the first time is therefore more likely to occur as a thoughtful attempt at self-regulation than as an automatic behavioral response in stressful situations. We therefore recommend targeting interventions at this inter-individual difference. Students without previous reinforcing NE experience should be provided with information about the possible negative health outcomes of NE. Reconfiguring structural aspects in the academic environment (e.g. lessening workloads) might help to deter current users. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 358 KW - Neuroenhancement KW - Self-control KW - Ego-depletion KW - Prevention Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401386 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Herde, Antje T1 - Seasonal variation in the behaviour of a short-lived rodent N2 - Background: Short lived, iteroparous animals in seasonal environments experience variable social and environmental conditions over their lifetime. Animals can be divided into those with a "young-of-the-year" life history (YY, reproducing and dying in the summer of birth) and an "overwinter" life history (OW, overwintering in a subadult state before reproducing next spring). We investigated how behavioural patterns across the population were affected by season and sex, and whether variation in behaviour reflects the variation in life history patterns of each season. Applications of pace-of-life (POL) theory would suggest that long-lived OW animals are shyer in order to increase survival, and YY are bolder in order to increase reproduction. Therefore, we expected that in winter and spring samples, when only OW can be sampled, the animals should be shyer than in summer and autumn, when both OW and YY animals can be sampled. We studied common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations, which express typical, intra-annual density fluctuation. We captured a total of 492 voles at different months over 3 years and examined boldness and activity level with two standardised behavioural experiments. Results: Behavioural variables of the two tests were correlated with each other. Boldness, measured as short latencies in both tests, was extremely high in spring compared to other seasons. Activity level was highest in spring and summer, and higher in males than in females. Conclusion: Being bold in laboratory tests may translate into higher risk-taking in nature by being more mobile while seeking out partners or valuable territories. Possible explanations include asset-protection, with OW animals being rather old with low residual reproductive value in spring. Therefore, OW may take higher risks during this season. Offspring born in spring encounter a lower population density and may have higher reproductive value than offspring of later cohorts. A constant connection between life history and animal personality, as suggested by the POL theory, however, was not found. Nevertheless, correlations of traits suggest the existence of animal personalities. In conclusion, complex patterns of population dynamics, seasonal variation in life histories, and variability of behaviour due to asset-protection may cause complex seasonal behavioural dynamics in a population. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 403 KW - animal personalities KW - boldness KW - life history KW - pace-of-life KW - POL KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - common vole Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liesenjohann, Monique A1 - Liesenjohann, Thilo A1 - Palme, Rupert A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Differential behavioural and endocrine responses of common voles (Microtus arvalis) to nest predators and resource competitors N2 - Background: Adaptive behavioural strategies promoting co-occurrence of competing species are known to result from a sympatric evolutionary past. Strategies should be different for indirect resource competition (exploitation, e.g., foraging and avoidance behaviour) than for direct interspecific interference (e.g., aggression, vigilance, and nest guarding). We studied the effects of resource competition and nest predation in sympatric small mammal species using semi-fossorial voles and shrews, which prey on vole offspring during their sensitive nestling phase. Experiments were conducted in caged outdoor enclosures. Focus common vole mothers (Microtus arvalis) were either caged with a greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) as a potential nest predator, with an herbivorous field vole (Microtus agrestis) as a heterospecific resource competitor, or with a conspecific resource competitor. Results: We studied behavioural adaptations of vole mothers during pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation, specifically modifications of the burrow architecture and activity at burrow entrances. Further, we measured pre- and postpartum faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs) of mothers to test for elevated stress hormone levels. Only in the presence of the nest predator were prepartum FCMs elevated, but we found no loss of vole nestlings and no differences in nestling body weight in the presence of the nest predator or the heterospecific resource competitor. Although the presence of both the shrew and the field vole induced prepartum modifications to the burrow architecture, only nest predators caused an increase in vigilance time at burrow entrances during the sensitive nestling phase. Conclusion: Voles displayed an adequate behavioural response for both resource competitors and nest predators. They modified burrow architecture to improve nest guarding and increased their vigilance at burrow entrances to enhance offspring survival chances. Our study revealed differential behavioural adaptations to resource competitors and nest predators. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 402 KW - behavioural adaptations KW - small mammals KW - interspecific interactions KW - nest predation KW - stress response KW - faecal corticosterone metabolites KW - burrow system KW - shrews KW - voles Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401184 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Bonte, Dries A1 - Pe'er, Guy A1 - Reineking, Björn A1 - Leimgruber, Peter A1 - Balkenhol, Niko A1 - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Müller, Thomas A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Wiegand, Thorsten A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Hofer, Heribert A1 - Reeg, Jette A1 - Eggers, Ute A1 - Bauer, Silke T1 - Integrating movement ecology with biodiversity research BT - exploring new avenues to address spatiotemporal biodiversity dynamics N2 - Movement of organisms is one of the key mechanisms shaping biodiversity, e.g. the distribution of genes, individuals and species in space and time. Recent technological and conceptual advances have improved our ability to assess the causes and consequences of individual movement, and led to the emergence of the new field of ‘movement ecology’. Here, we outline how movement ecology can contribute to the broad field of biodiversity research, i.e. the study of processes and patterns of life among and across different scales, from genes to ecosystems, and we propose a conceptual framework linking these hitherto largely separated fields of research. Our framework builds on the concept of movement ecology for individuals, and demonstrates its importance for linking individual organismal movement with biodiversity. First, organismal movements can provide ‘mobile links’ between habitats or ecosystems, thereby connecting resources, genes, and processes among otherwise separate locations. Understanding these mobile links and their impact on biodiversity will be facilitated by movement ecology, because mobile links can be created by different modes of movement (i.e., foraging, dispersal, migration) that relate to different spatiotemporal scales and have differential effects on biodiversity. Second, organismal movements can also mediate coexistence in communities, through ‘equalizing’ and ‘stabilizing’ mechanisms. This novel integrated framework provides a conceptual starting point for a better understanding of biodiversity dynamics in light of individual movement and space-use behavior across spatiotemporal scales. By illustrating this framework with examples, we argue that the integration of movement ecology and biodiversity research will also enhance our ability to conserve diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 401 KW - mobile links KW - species coexistence KW - community dynamics KW - biodiversity conservation KW - long distance movement KW - landscape genetics KW - individual based modeling Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401177 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Helfert, Susanne A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - The face of appearance-related social pressure BT - gender, age and body mass variations in peer and parental pressure during adolescence N2 - Background Appearance-related social pressure plays an important role in the development of a negative body image and self-esteem as well as severe mental disorders during adolescence (e.g. eating disorders, depression). Identifying who is particularly affected by social pressure can improve targeted prevention and intervention, but findings have either been lacking or controversial. Thus the aim of this study is to provide a detailed picture of gender, weight, and age-related variations in the perception of appearance-related social pressure by peers and parents. Methods 1112 German students between grades 7 and 9 (mean age: M = 13.38, SD = .81) filled in the Appearance-Related Social Pressure Questionnaire (German: FASD), which considers different sources (peers, parents) as well as various kinds of social pressure (e.g. teasing, modeling, encouragement). Results Girls were more affected by peer pressure, while gender differences in parental pressure seemed negligible. Main effects of grade-level suggested a particular increase in indirect peer pressure (e.g. appearance-related school and class norms) from early to middle adolescence. Boys and girls with higher BMI were particularly affected by peer teasing and exclusion as well as by parental encouragement to control weight and shape. Conclusion The results suggest that preventive efforts targeting body concerns and disordered eating should bring up the topic of appearance pressure in a school-based context and should strengthen those adolescents who are particularly at risk - in our study, girls and adolescents with higher weight status. Early adolescence and school transition appear to be crucial periods for these efforts. Moreover, the comprehensive assessment of appearance-related social pressure appears to be a fruitful way to further explore social risk-factors in the development of a negative body image. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 357 KW - peer pressure KW - parental pressure KW - adolescence KW - gender KW - age KW - BMI Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401155 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Subjective stressors in school and their relation to neuroenhancement BT - a behavioral perspective on students' everyday life "doping" N2 - Background: The use of psychoactive substances to neuroenhance cognitive performance is prevalent. Neuroenhancement (NE) in everyday life and doping in sport might rest on similar attitudinal representations, and both behaviors can be theoretically modeled by comparable means-to-end relations (substance-performance). A behavioral (not substance-based) definition of NE is proposed, with assumed functionality as its core component. It is empirically tested whether different NE variants (lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance) can be regressed to school stressors. Findings: Participants were 519 students (25.8 +/- 8.4 years old, 73.1% female). Logistic regressions indicate that a modified doping attitude scale can predict all three NE variants. Multiple NE substance abuse was frequent. Overwhelming demands in school were associated with lifestyle and prescription drug NE. Conclusions: Researchers should be sensitive for probable structural similarities between enhancement in everyday life and sport and systematically explore where findings from one domain can be adapted for the other. Policy makers should be aware that students might misperceive NE as an acceptable means of coping with stress in school, and help to form societal sensitivity for the topic of NE among our younger ones in general. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 356 KW - Neuroenhancement KW - stress KW - school KW - doping Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401131 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwarte, Sandra A1 - Brust, Henrike A1 - Steup, Martin A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Intraspecific sequence variation and differential expression in starch synthase genes of Arabidopsis thaliana T2 - BMC Research Notes N2 - Background Natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana are a well-known system to measure levels of intraspecific genetic variation. Leaf starch content correlates negatively with biomass. Starch is synthesized by the coordinated action of many (iso)enzymes. Quantitatively dominant is the repetitive transfer of glucosyl residues to the non-reducing ends of α-glucans as mediated by starch synthases. In the genome of A. thaliana, there are five classes of starch synthases, designated as soluble starch synthases (SSI, SSII, SSIII, and SSIV) and granule-bound synthase (GBSS). Each class is represented by a single gene. The five genes are homologous in functional domains due to their common origin, but have evolved individual features as well. Here, we analyze the extent of genetic variation in these fundamental protein classes as well as possible functional implications on transcript and protein levels. Findings Intraspecific sequence variation of the five starch synthases was determined by sequencing the entire loci including promoter regions from 30 worldwide distributed accessions of A. thaliana. In all genes, a considerable number of nucleotide polymorphisms was observed, both in non-coding and coding regions, and several amino acid substitutions were identified in functional domains. Furthermore, promoters possess numerous polymorphisms in potentially regulatory cis-acting regions. By realtime experiments performed with selected accessions, we demonstrate that DNA sequence divergence correlates with significant differences in transcript levels. Conclusions Except for AtSSII, all starch synthase classes clustered into two or three groups of haplotypes, respectively. Significant difference in transcript levels among haplotype clusters in AtSSIV provides evidence for cis-regulation. By contrast, no such correlation was found for AtSSI, AtSSII, AtSSIII, and AtGBSS, suggesting trans-regulation. The expression data presented here point to a regulation by common trans-regulatory transcription factors which ensures a coordinated action of the products of these four genes during starch granule biosynthesis. The apparent cis-regulation of AtSSIV might be related to its role in the initiation of de novo biosynthesis of granules. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 400 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - starch synthases KW - genetic variation KW - transcript level Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401128 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pavesi, Laura A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - De Matthaeis, Elvira A1 - Ketmaier, Valerio T1 - Genetic connectivity between land and sea BT - the case of the beachflea Orchestia montagui (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) in the Mediterranean Sea N2 - Introduction: We examined patterns of genetic divergence in 26 Mediterranean populations of the semi-terrestrial beachflea Orchestia montagui using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I), microsatellite (eight loci) and allozymic data. The species typically forms large populations within heaps of dead seagrass leaves stranded on beaches at the waterfront. We adopted a hierarchical geographic sampling to unravel population structure in a species living at the sea-land transition and, hence, likely subjected to dramatically contrasting forces. Results: Mitochondrial DNA showed historical phylogeographic breaks among Adriatic, Ionian and the remaining basins (Tyrrhenian, Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea) likely caused by the geological and climatic changes of the Pleistocene. Microsatellites (and to a lesser extent allozymes) detected a further subdivision between and within the Western Mediterranean and the Tyrrhenian Sea due to present-day processes. A pattern of isolation by distance was not detected in any of the analyzed data set. Conclusions: We conclude that the population structure of O. montagui is the result of the interplay of two contrasting forces that act on the species population genetic structure. On one hand, the species semi-terrestrial life style would tend to determine the onset of local differences. On the other hand, these differences are partially counter-balanced by passive movements of migrants via rafting on heaps of dead seagrass leaves across sites by sea surface currents. Approximate Bayesian Computations support dispersal at sea as prevalent over terrestrial regionalism. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - Orchestia montagui KW - Talitrids KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Phylogeography KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Microsatellites KW - Allozymes KW - Approximate Bayesian Computation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane ED - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - Biological age JF - Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-510-65278-5 SP - 44 EP - 47 PB - Schweizerbart Science Publishers CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Paulssen, Marcel T1 - Consciousness for fair consumption : conceptualization, scale development and empirical validation JF - International Journal of Consumer Studies N2 - Sustainable consumption means that consumers act in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. Compared with the vast amount of studies concerning environmentally conscious consumer behaviour, relatively little is known about socially conscious consumption. The present paper focuses on fair consumption as an important aspect of social consumption. In our study, consciousness for fair consumption (CFC) is defined as a latent disposition of consumers to prefer products that are produced and traded in compliance with fair labour and business practices. A scale to measure CFC was conceptualized and tested in three independent empirical studies. Two studies were conducted at European universities (2010 and 2012) and used 352 and 362 undergraduate business students respectively. The third study, conducted in 2011, used 141 employees at a European university. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the new CFC scale across samples. While being moderately related to other aspects of sustainable consumption such as ecological concern and moral reasoning, CFC was significantly distinct from those concepts. Most importantly, it was established that the CFC, as measured by the new CFC scale, is a strong determinant of consumption of fair trade products that has been neglected in existing research. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12030 SN - 1470-6431 SN - 1470-6423 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 546 EP - 555 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Buerke, Anja A1 - Kirchgeorg, Manfred A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter T1 - Consciousness for sustainable consumption : scale development and new insights in the economic dimension of consumers’ sustainability JF - AMS review : official publication of the Academy of Marketing Scienc N2 - The “triple bottom line” concept (planet, people, and profit) represents an important guideline for the sustainable, hence future-oriented, development of societies and for the behaviors of all societal members. For institutions promoting societal change, as well as for companies being confronted with growing expectations regarding compelling contributions to sustainable changes, it is of great importance to know if, and to what extent, consumers have already internalized the idea of sustainability. Against the background of existing research gaps regarding a comprehensive measurement of the consciousness for sustainable consumption (CSC), the authors present the result of a scale development. Consciousness was operationalized by weighting personal beliefs with the importance attached by consumers to sustainability dimensions. Four separate tests of the CSC scale indicated an appropriate psychometric quality of the scale and provided support for this new measurement approach that incorporates the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability. KW - Sustainability KW - Consciousness for sustainable consumption KW - Scale development Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0057-6 SN - 1869-814X SN - 1869-8182 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 181 EP - 192 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP ED - Röder, Kathrin ED - Wischer, Ilse T1 - Proceedings : Anglistentag 2012 Potsdam T2 - Proceedings of the conference of the German Association of University Teachers of English Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-86821-488-8 VL - 34 PB - Wissenschaftlicher Verlag CY - Trier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kneiding, Christoph A1 - Kritikos, Alexander T1 - Funding self-employment - the role of consumer credit JF - Applied economics N2 - This article investigates whether self-employed households use consumer loans - in particular, instalment loans and overdrafts - to finance business activities. Controlling for financial and nonfinancial household variables, we show that self-employed households particularly use personal overdrafts significantly more often than employee households. When analysing the correlation between consumer loan take-ups and consumption of self-employed in comparison to employee households, we find first evidence that overdrafts are used by self-employed to finance their business as well. This indicates that intermingling constitutes a financing strategy when regular business loans might not be accessible. KW - small business finance KW - consumer credit KW - financial intermingling KW - household business interface Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.637895 SN - 0003-6846 VL - 45 IS - 13 SP - 1741 EP - 1749 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eppinger, Elisabeth A1 - Vladova, Gergana T1 - Intellectual property management practices at small and medium-sized enterprises JF - International journal of technology management N2 - Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) contribute to innovation and economic growth, despite their resource shortages and lack of professional intellectual property (IP) management practices. Drawing on social practice theory and combining insights from recent scholarship on IP strategies and its management, this paper examines the cases of three pharmaceutical SME providing insights into how they appropriate returns on research and development (R&D) investments. It discusses their IP strategies and management practices, examining how the IP management practices are embedded in the firm's organisational structure. Moreover, this paper develops recommendations for SME regarding the professionalisation of their IP management practices. KW - IP management KW - intellectual property rights KW - IPR KW - IP strategy KW - patents KW - pharmaceutical industry KW - practice theory KW - small and medium-sized enterprise KW - SME Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2013.050244 SN - 0267-5730 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 81 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd CY - Geneva ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bröker, Nina Kristin A1 - Gohlke, Ulrich A1 - Müller, Jürgen J. A1 - Uetrecht, Charlotte A1 - Heinemann, Udo A1 - Seckler, Robert A1 - Barbirz, Stefanie T1 - Single amino acid exchange in bacteriophage HK620 tailspike protein results in thousand-fold increase of its oligosaccharide affinity JF - Glycobiology N2 - Bacteriophage HK620 recognizes and cleaves the O-antigen polysaccharide of Escherichia coli serogroup O18A1 with its tailspike protein (TSP). HK620TSP binds hexasaccharide fragments with low affinity, but single amino acid exchanges generated a set of high-affinity mutants with submicromolar dissociation constants. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that only small amounts of heat were released upon complex formation via a large number of direct and solvent-mediated hydrogen bonds between carbohydrate and protein. At room temperature, association was both enthalpy- and entropy-driven emphasizing major solvent rearrangements upon complex formation. Crystal structure analysis showed identical protein and sugar conformers in the TSP complexes regardless of their hexasaccharide affinity. Only in one case, a TSP mutant bound a different hexasaccharide conformer. The extended sugar binding site could be dissected in two regions: first, a hydrophobic pocket at the reducing end with minor affinity contributions. Access to this site could be blocked by a single aspartate to asparagine exchange without major loss in hexasaccharide affinity. Second, a region where the specific exchange of glutamate for glutamine created a site for an additional water molecule. Side-chain rearrangements upon sugar binding led to desolvation and additional hydrogen bonding which define this region of the binding site as the high-affinity scaffold. KW - bacterial O-antigen KW - carbohydrate interaction KW - site-directed mutagenesis KW - structural thermodynamics KW - tailspike protein Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cws126 SN - 0959-6658 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 68 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Cary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnison, Paul G. A1 - Bibb, Mervyn J. A1 - Bierbaum, Gabriele A1 - Bowers, Albert A. A1 - Bugni, Tim S. A1 - Bulaj, Grzegorz A1 - Camarero, Julio A. A1 - Campopiano, Dominic J. A1 - Challis, Gregory L. A1 - Clardy, Jon A1 - Cotter, Paul D. A1 - Craik, David J. A1 - Dawson, Michael A1 - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke A1 - Donadio, Stefano A1 - Dorrestein, Pieter C. A1 - Entian, Karl-Dieter A1 - Fischbach, Michael A. A1 - Garavelli, John S. A1 - Goeransson, Ulf A1 - Gruber, Christian W. A1 - Haft, Daniel H. A1 - Hemscheidt, Thomas K. A1 - Hertweck, Christian A1 - Hill, Colin A1 - Horswill, Alexander R. A1 - Jaspars, Marcel A1 - Kelly, Wendy L. A1 - Klinman, Judith P. A1 - Kuipers, Oscar P. A1 - Link, A. James A1 - Liu, Wen A1 - Marahiel, Mohamed A. A1 - Mitchell, Douglas A. A1 - Moll, Gert N. A1 - Moore, Bradley S. A1 - Mueller, Rolf A1 - Nair, Satish K. A1 - Nes, Ingolf F. A1 - Norris, Gillian E. A1 - Olivera, Baldomero M. A1 - Onaka, Hiroyasu A1 - Patchett, Mark L. A1 - Piel, Jörn A1 - Reaney, Martin J. T. A1 - Rebuffat, Sylvie A1 - Ross, R. Paul A1 - Sahl, Hans-Georg A1 - Schmidt, Eric W. A1 - Selsted, Michael E. A1 - Severinov, Konstantin A1 - Shen, Ben A1 - Sivonen, Kaarina A1 - Smith, Leif A1 - Stein, Torsten A1 - Suessmuth, Roderich D. A1 - Tagg, John R. A1 - Tang, Gong-Li A1 - Truman, Andrew W. A1 - Vederas, John C. A1 - Walsh, Christopher T. A1 - Walton, Jonathan D. A1 - Wenzel, Silke C. A1 - Willey, Joanne M. A1 - van der Donk, Wilfred A. T1 - Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature JF - Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry N2 - This review presents recommended nomenclature for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), a rapidly growing class of natural products. The current knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of the >20 distinct compound classes is also reviewed, and commonalities are discussed. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2np20085f SN - 0265-0568 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 108 EP - 160 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buller, Jens A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Wischerhoff, Erik T1 - Photoreactive oligoethylene glycol polymers - versatile compounds for surface modification by thin hydrogel films JF - Soft matter N2 - Solid surfaces are modified using photo-crosslinkable copolymers based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) bearing 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy) ethyl methacrylate (BPEM) as a photosensitive crosslinking unit. Thin films of about 100 nm are formed by spin-coating these a priori highly biocompatible copolymers onto silicon substrates. Subsequent UV-irradiation assures immobilization and crosslinking of the hydrogel films. Their stability is controlled by the number of crosslinker units per chain and the molar mass of the copolymers. The swelling of the hydrogel layers, as investigated by ellipsometry, can be tuned by the crosslinker content in the copolymer. If films are built from the ternary copolymers of OEGMA, BPEM and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO(2)MA), the hydrogel films exhibit a swelling/deswelling transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type. The observed thermally induced hydrogel collapse is fully reversible and the onset temperature of the transition can be tuned at will by the copolymer composition. Different from analogously prepared thermo-responsive hydrogel films of photocrosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), the swelling-deswelling transition occurs more gradually, but shows no hysteresis. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26879e SN - 1744-683X VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 929 EP - 937 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Becker, Dirk A1 - Bischoff, Monika A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Dost, B. A1 - Fritschen, R. A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Klose, C. D. A1 - Kuhn, D. A1 - Lasocki, S. A1 - Meier, Thomas A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Rivalta, Eleonora A1 - Wegler, Ulrich A1 - Husen, Stephan T1 - Recommendation for the discrimination of human-related and natural seismicity T2 - Journal of seismology N2 - Various techniques are utilized by the seismological community, extractive industries, energy and geoengineering companies to identify earthquake nucleation processes in close proximity to engineering operation points. These operations may comprise fluid extraction or injections, artificial water reservoir impoundments, open pit and deep mining, deep geothermal power generations or carbon sequestration. In this letter to the editor, we outline several lines of investigation that we suggest to follow to address the discrimination problem between natural seismicity and seismic events induced or triggered by geoengineering activities. These suggestions have been developed by a group of experts during several meetings and workshops, and we feel that their publication as a summary report is helpful for the geoscientific community. Specific investigation procedures and discrimination approaches, on which our recommendations are based, are also published in this Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Seismology. KW - Triggered seismicity KW - Induced seismicity Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9295-6 SN - 1383-4649 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 197 EP - 202 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - INPR A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Dost, Bernard A1 - Oth, Adrien T1 - Preface to the special issue "Triggered and induced seismicity: probabilities and discrimination" T2 - Journal of seismology Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9338-z SN - 1383-4649 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke A1 - Fewer, David P. A1 - Neilan, Brett A. T1 - Cyanobacterial toxins biosynthetic routes and evolutionary roots JF - FEMS microbiology reviews N2 - Cyanobacteria produce an unparalleled variety of toxins that can cause severe health problems or even death in humans, and wild or domestic animals. In the last decade, biosynthetic pathways have been assigned to the majority of the known toxin families. This review summarizes current knowledge about the enzymatic basis for the production of the hepatotoxins microcystin and nodularin, the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin, the neurotoxins anatoxin and saxitoxin, and the dermatotoxin lyngbyatoxin. Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of the toxins has paved the way for the development of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of the producing cyanobacteria in different environments. Phylogenetic analyses of related clusters from a large number of strains has also allowed for the reconstruction of the evolutionary scenarios that have led to the emergence, diversification, and loss of such gene clusters in different strains and genera of cyanobacteria. Advances in the understanding of toxin biosynthesis and evolution have provided new methods for drinking-water quality control and may inspire the development of techniques for the management of bloom formation in the future. KW - microcystin KW - cylindrospermopsin KW - anatoxin KW - saxitoxin KW - cyanobacteria Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.12000.x SN - 0168-6445 SN - 1574-6976 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 43 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taylan, Mehmet Sait A1 - Di Russo, Claudio A1 - Rampini, Mauro A1 - Ketmaier, Valerio T1 - Molecular systematics of the genus Troglophilus (Rhaphidophoridae, Orthoptera) in Turkey mitochondrial 16S rDNA evidences JF - ZooKeys N2 - This study focuses on the evolutionary relationships among Turkish species of the cave cricket genus Troglophilus. Fifteen populations were studied for sequence variation in a fragment (543 base pairs) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rDNA gene (16S) to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history. Genetic data retrieved three main clades and at least three divergent lineages that could not be attributed to any of the taxa known for the area. Molecular time estimates suggest that the diversification of the group took place between the Messinian and the Plio-Pleistocene. KW - Troglophilus KW - Rhaphidophoridae KW - Orthoptera KW - 16S rDNA KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - molecular systematics KW - cave crickets Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.4133 SN - 1313-2989 IS - 257 SP - 33 EP - 46 PB - Pensoft Publ. CY - Sofia ER - TY - INPR A1 - Thieme, Holm A1 - Mehrholz, Jan A1 - Pohl, Marcus A1 - Behrens, Johann A1 - Dohle, Christian T1 - Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke T2 - Stroke : a journal of cerebral circulation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.673087 SN - 0039-2499 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - E1 EP - E2 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adelsberger, Joseph A1 - Grillo, Isabelle A1 - Kulkarni, Amit A1 - Sharp, Melissa A1 - Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. T1 - Kinetics of aggregation in micellar solutions of thermoresponsive triblock copolymers - influence of concentration, start and target temperatures JF - Soft matter N2 - In aqueous solution, symmetric triblock copolymers with a thermoresponsive middle block and hydrophobic end blocks form flower-like core-shell micelles which collapse and aggregate upon heating through the cloud point (CP). The collapse of the micellar shell and the intermicellar aggregation are followed in situ and in real-time using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), while heating micellar solutions of a poly((styrene-d(8))-b-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-b-(styrene-d(8))) triblock copolymer in D2O rapidly through their CP. The influence of polymer concentration as well as of the start and target temperatures is addressed. In all cases, the micellar collapse is very fast. The collapsed micelles immediately form small clusters which contain voids. They densify which slows down or even stops their growth. For low concentrations and target temperatures just above the CP, i.e. shallow temperature jumps, the subsequent growth of the clusters is described by diffusion-limited aggregation. In contrast, for higher concentrations and/or higher target temperatures, i.e. deep temperature jumps, intermicellar bridges dominate the growth. Eventually, in all cases, the clusters coagulate which results in macroscopic phase separation. For shallow temperature jumps, the cluster surfaces stay rough; whereas for deep temperature jumps, a concentration gradient develops at late stages. These results are important for the development of conditions for thermal switching in applications, e.g. for the use of thermoresponsive micellar systems for transport and delivery purposes. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27152d SN - 1744-683X VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 1685 EP - 1699 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - INPR A1 - Caligiore, Daniele A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Vision, action and language unified through embodiment T2 - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0417-0 SN - 0340-0727 VL - 77 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pedersen, Henrik AE. A1 - Watthana, Santi A1 - Kocyan, Alexander A1 - Srimuang, Kanok-orn T1 - Pollination biology of Luisia curtisii (Orchidaceae) indications of a deceptive system operated by beetles JF - Plant systematics and evolution N2 - A population of Luisia curtisii (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) in northern Thailand was studied with regard to pollination biology. Although a high level of self-compatibility was demonstrated experimentally, the very low natural fruit set (1.4-1.9 %) clearly indicated that the species depends on external agents for pollination. Our observations suggest that L. curtisii is pollinated by beetles, as Lema unicolor (Chrysomelidae) and Clinteria ducalis (Scarabaeidae) were the only flower visitors observed to carry pollinaria of this species. The hypothesis of specialised cantharophily is further supported by 2-methylbutyric acid and caproic acid being striking components of the floral scent. Judging from the lack of nectar and the behaviour of visiting beetles, the pollination system seems to rely on food or brood site deception. Retention of the anther on the pollinarium for some time after pollinarium removal probably reduces the frequency of insect-mediated autogamy and geitonogamy in Luisia curtisii-a possibility that was supported by comparative data on (1) the anther retention time and inflorescence visitation time of Lema unicolor and (2) stigma and anther length in the orchid. Existing reports of specialised beetle pollination in orchids are reviewed, and we conclude that there is accumulating evidence that specialised cantharophily is more common in the Orchidaceae than previously assumed. KW - Allogamy KW - Anther retention KW - Cantharophily KW - Floral scent KW - Fruit set KW - Outcrossing Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0713-6 SN - 0378-2697 VL - 299 IS - 1 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh A1 - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. A1 - Sovio, Ulla A1 - Taal, H. Rob A1 - Hennig, Branwen J. A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P. A1 - St Pourcain, Beate A1 - Evans, David M. A1 - Charoen, Pimphen A1 - Kaakinen, Marika A1 - Cousminer, Diana L. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Kreiner-Moller, Eskil A1 - Warrington, Nicole M. A1 - Bustamante, Mariona A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Berry, Diane J. A1 - Thiering, Elisabeth A1 - Pfab, Thiemo A1 - Barton, Sheila J. A1 - Shields, Beverley M. A1 - Kerkhof, Marjan A1 - van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. A1 - Fulford, Anthony J. A1 - Kutalik, Zoltan A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - den Hoed, Marcel A1 - Mahajan, Anubha A1 - Lindi, Virpi A1 - Goh, Liang-Kee A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Wu, Ying A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Harder, Marie N. A1 - Meirhaeghe, Aline A1 - Ntalla, Ioanna A1 - Salem, Rany M. A1 - Jameson, Karen A. A1 - Zhou, Kaixin A1 - Monies, Dorota M. A1 - Lagou, Vasiliki A1 - Kirin, Mirna A1 - Heikkinen, Jani A1 - Adair, Linda S. A1 - Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A1 - Al-Odaib, Ali A1 - Amouyel, Philippe A1 - Andersson, Ehm Astrid A1 - Bennett, Amanda J. A1 - Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. A1 - Buxton, Jessica L. A1 - Dallongeville, Jean A1 - Das, Shikta A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. A1 - Estivill, Xavier A1 - Flexeder, Claudia A1 - Froguel, Philippe A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Godfrey, Keith M. A1 - Gottrand, Frederic A1 - Groves, Christopher J. A1 - Hansen, Torben A1 - Hirschhorn, Joel N. A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Hollegaard, Mads V. A1 - Hougaard, David M. A1 - Hyppoenen, Elina A1 - Inskip, Hazel M. A1 - Isaacs, Aaron A1 - Jorgensen, Torben A1 - Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina A1 - Kemp, John P. A1 - Kiess, Wieland A1 - Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. A1 - Klopp, Norman A1 - Knight, Bridget A. A1 - Kuzawa, Christopher W. A1 - McMahon, George A1 - Newnham, John P. A1 - Niinikoski, Harri A1 - Oostra, Ben A. A1 - Pedersen, Louise A1 - Postma, Dirkje S. A1 - Ring, Susan M. A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Robertson, Neil R. A1 - Sebert, Sylvain A1 - Simell, Olli A1 - Slowinski, Torsten A1 - Tiesler, Carla M. T. A1 - Toenjes, Anke A1 - Vaag, Allan A1 - Viikari, Jorma S. A1 - Vink, Jacqueline M. A1 - Vissing, Nadja Hawwa A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Witte, Daniel R. A1 - Zhang, Haitao A1 - Zhao, Jianhua A1 - Wilson, James F. A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Prentice, Andrew M. A1 - Meyer, Brian F. A1 - Pearson, Ewan R. A1 - Boreham, Colin A. G. A1 - Cooper, Cyrus A1 - Gillman, Matthew W. A1 - Dedoussis, George V. A1 - Moreno, Luis A. A1 - Pedersen, Oluf A1 - Saarinen, Maiju A1 - Mohlke, Karen L. A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I. A1 - Saw, Seang-Mei A1 - Lakka, Timo A. A1 - Koerner, Antje A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Ong, Ken K. A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M. A1 - Koppelman, Gerard H. A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T. A1 - Holloway, John W. A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Heinrich, Joachim A1 - Power, Chris A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - Guxens, Monica A1 - Pennell, Craig E. A1 - Bonnelykke, Klaus A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Eriksson, Johan G. A1 - Widen, Elisabeth A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon A1 - Uitterlinden, Andre G. A1 - Pouta, Anneli A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A. A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Frayling, Timothy M. A1 - McCarthy, Mark I. A1 - Grant, Struan F. A. A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. A1 - Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J. A1 - Prokopenko, Inga A1 - Freathy, Rachel M. T1 - New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism JF - Nature genetics N2 - Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2477 SN - 1061-4036 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - U115 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiorentino, V. A1 - Manganelli, Giuseppe A1 - Giusti, Folco A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Ketmaier, Valerino T1 - A question of time the land snail Murella muralis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) reveals constraints on past ecological speciation JF - Molecular ecology N2 - The lively debate about speciation currently focuses on the relative importance of factors driving population differentiation. While many studies are increasingly producing results on the importance of selection, little is known about the interaction between drift and selection. Moreover, there is still little knowledge on the spatial-temporal scales at which speciation occurs, that is, arrangement of habitat patches, abruptness of habitat transitions, climate and habitat changes interacting with selective forces. To investigate these questions, we quantified variation on a fine geographical scale analysing morphological (shell) and genetic data sets coupled with environmental data in the land snail Murella muralis, endemic to the Mediterranean island of Sicily. Analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and eight nuclear microsatellite loci showed that genetic variation is highly structured at a very fine spatial scale by local palaeogeographical events and historical population dynamics. Molecular clock estimates, calibrated here specifically for Tyrrhenian land snails, provided a framework of palaeogeographical events responsible for the observed geographical variations and migration routes. Finally, we showed for the first time well-documented lines of evidence of selection in the past, which explains divergence of land snail shell shapes. We suggest that time and palaeogeographical history acted as constraints in the progress along the ecological speciation continuum. Our study shows that testing for correlation among palaeogeography, morphology and genetic data on a fine geographical scale provides information fundamental for a detailed understanding of ecological speciation processes. KW - allopatry KW - cytochrome oxidase I gene KW - ecological speciation KW - land snails KW - microsatellites KW - Murella Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12107 SN - 0962-1083 SN - 1365-294X VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 170 EP - 186 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hechavarria, Julio C. A1 - Macias, Silvio A1 - Vater, Marianne A1 - Mora, Emanuel C. A1 - Kössl, Manfred T1 - Evolution of neuronal mechanisms for echolocation specializations for target-range computation in bats of the genus Pteronotus JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - Delay tuning was studied in the auditory cortex of Pteronotus quadridens. All the 136 delay-tuned units that were studied responded strongly to heteroharmonic pulse-echo pairs presented at specific delays. In the heteroharmonic pairs, the first sonar call harmonic marks the timing of pulse emission while one of the higher harmonics (second or third) indicates the timing of the echo. Delay-tuned units are organized chronotopically along a rostrocaudal axis according to their characteristic delay. There is no obvious indication of multiple cortical axes specialized in the processing of different harmonic combinations of pulse and echo. Results of this study serve for a straight comparison of cortical delay-tuning between P. quadridens and the well-studied mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii. These two species stem from the most recent and most basal nodes in the Pteronotus lineage, respectively. P. quadridens and P. parnellii use comparable heteroharmonic target-range computation strategies even though they do not use biosonar calls of a similar design. P. quadridens uses short constant-frequency (CF)/frequency-modulated (FM) echolocation calls, while P. parnellii uses long CF/FM calls. The ability to perform "heteroharmonic" target-range computations might be an ancestral neuronal specialization of the genus Pteronotus that was subjected to positive Darwinian selection in the evolution. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4768794 SN - 0001-4966 VL - 133 IS - 1 SP - 570 EP - 578 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noiray, Aude A1 - Menard, Lucie A1 - Iskarous, Khalil T1 - The development of motor synergies in children ultrasound and acoustic measurements JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - The present study focuses on differences in lingual coarticulation between French children and adults. The specific question pursued is whether 4-5 year old children have already acquired a synergy observed in adults in which the tongue back helps the tip in the formation of alveolar consonants. Locus equations, estimated from acoustic and ultrasound imaging data were used to compare coarticulation degree between adults and children and further investigate differences in motor synergy between the front and back parts of the tongue. Results show similar slope and intercept patterns for adults and children in both the acoustic and articulatory domains, with an effect of place of articulation in both groups between alveolar and non-alveolar consonants. These results suggest that 4-5 year old children (1) have learned the motor synergy investigated and (2) have developed a pattern of coarticulatory resistance depending on a consonant place of articulation. Also, results show that acoustic locus equations can be used to gauge the presence of motor synergies in children. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4763983 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 133 IS - 1 SP - 444 EP - 452 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsukaya, Hirokazu A1 - Byrne, Mary E. A1 - Horiguchi, Gorou A1 - Sugiyama, Munetaka A1 - Van Lijsebettens, Mieke A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - How do 'housekeeping' genes control organogenesis?-unexpected new findings on the role of housekeeping genes in cell and organ differentiation JF - Journal of plant research N2 - In recent years, an increasing number of mutations in what would appear to be 'housekeeping genes' have been identified as having unexpectedly specific defects in multicellular organogenesis. This is also the case for organogenesis in seed plants. Although it is not surprising that loss-of-function mutations in 'housekeeping' genes result in lethality or growth retardation, it is surprising when (1) the mutant phenotype results from the loss of function of a 'housekeeping' gene and (2) the mutant phenotype is specific. In this review, by defining housekeeping genes as those encoding proteins that work in basic metabolic and cellular functions, we discuss unexpected links between housekeeping genes and specific developmental processes. In a surprising number of cases housekeeping genes coding for enzymes or proteins with functions in basic cellular processes such as transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and translation affect plant development. KW - Development KW - Housekeeping genes KW - Post-transcriptional modification KW - RNAPII KW - Pre-mRNA splicing KW - Ribosome KW - 3 '-end processing KW - Transcription KW - Translation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0518-2 SN - 0918-9440 VL - 126 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - Springer CY - Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartwich, Melanie A1 - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik A1 - Wacker, Alexander T1 - Seasonal changes in the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in zooplankton JF - Journal of plankton research N2 - In aquatic food webs, consumers, such as daphnids and copepods, differ regarding their accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We tested if the accumulation of PUFAs in a seston size fraction containing different consumers and in Daphnia as a separate consumer is subject to seasonal changes in a large deep lake due to changes in the dietary PUFA supply and specific demands of different consumers. We found that the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ARA) in Daphnia increased from early summer to late summer and autumn. However, ARA requirements of Daphnia appeared to be constant throughout the year, because the accumulation of ARA increased when the dietary ARA supply decreased. In the size fraction 140 m, we found an increased accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during late summer and autumn. These seasonal changes in DHA accumulation were linked to changes in the proportion of copepods in this size fraction, which may have increasingly accumulated DHA for active overwintering. We show that consumer-specific PUFA demands can result in seasonal changes in PUFA accumulation, which may influence the trophic transfer of PUFAs within the food web. KW - accumulation KW - Daphnia KW - copepods KW - ARA KW - DHA Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbs078 SN - 0142-7873 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 121 EP - 134 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Sentence comprehension disorders in aphasia the concept of chance performance revisited JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: In behavioural tests of sentence comprehension in aphasia, correct and incorrect responses are often randomly distributed. Such a pattern of chance performance is a typical trait of Broca's aphasia, but can be found in other aphasic syndromes as well. Many researchers have argued that chance behaviour is the result of a guessing strategy, which is adopted in the face of a syntactic breakdown in sentence processing. Aims: Capitalising on new evidence from recent studies investigating online sentence comprehension in aphasia using the visual world paradigm, the aim of this paper is to review the concept of chance performance as a reflection of a syntactic impairment in sentence processing and to re-examine the conventional interpretation of chance performance as a guessing behaviour. Main Contribution: Based on a review of recent evidence from visual world paradigm studies, we argue that the assumption of chance performance equalling guessing is not necessarily compatible with actual real-time parsing procedures in people with aphasia. We propose a reinterpretation of the concept of chance performance by assuming that there are two distinct processing mechanisms underlying sentence comprehension in aphasia. Correct responses are always the result of normal-like parsing mechanisms, even in those cases where the overall performance pattern is at chance. Incorrect responses, on the other hand, are the result of intermittent deficiencies of the parser. Hence the random guessing behaviour that persons with aphasia often display does not necessarily reflect a syntactic breakdown in sentence comprehension and a random selection between alternatives. Instead it should be regarded as a result of temporal deficient parsing procedures in otherwise normal-like comprehension routines. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the consideration of behavioural offline data alone may not be sufficient to interpret a performance in language tests and subsequently draw theoretical conclusions about language impairments. Rather it is important to call on additional data from online studies that look at language processing in real time in order to gain a comprehensive picture about syntactic comprehension abilities of people with aphasia and possible underlying deficits. KW - Sentence comprehension in aphasia KW - Chance performance KW - Visual world paradigm KW - Eye tracking KW - Online sentence processing Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2012.730603 SN - 0268-7038 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 112 EP - 125 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Besemer, Carmen A1 - Wehrle, Anja A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Relationship between strength; balance and mobility in children aged 7-10 years JF - Gait & posture N2 - The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between variables of lower extremity muscle strength, balance, and mobility assessed under various task conditions. Twenty-one healthy children (mean age: 9 +/- 1 years) were tested for their isometric and dynamic strength as well as for their steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance and mobility. Balance and mobility tests were conducted under single and dual task conditions. Significant positive correlations were detected between measures of isometric and dynamic leg muscle strength. Hardly any significant associations were observed between variables of strength and balance/mobility and between measures of steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance. Additionally, no significant correlations were detected between balance/mobility tests performed under single and dual task conditions. The predominately non-significant correlations between different balance components and mobility imply that balance and mobility performance is task specific. Further, strength and balance/mobility as well as balance under single and dual task conditions seem to be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily. KW - Steady-state balance KW - Proactive/reactive balance KW - Maximal isometric force KW - Jumping height KW - Single/dual tasking KW - Cognitive/motor interference Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.022 SN - 0966-6362 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 108 EP - 112 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wissel, Jörg A1 - Manack, Aubrey A1 - Brainin, Michael T1 - Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity JF - Neurology : official journal of the American Academy of Neurology N2 - Poststroke spasticity (PSS)-related disability is emerging as a significant health issue for stroke survivors. There is a need for predictors and early identification of PSS in order to minimize complications and maladaptation from spasticity. Reviewing the literature on stroke and upper motor neuron syndrome, spasticity, contracture, and increased muscle tone measured with the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Tone Assessment Scale provided data on the dynamic time course of PSS. Prevalence estimates of PSS were highly variable, ranging from 4% to 42.6%, with the prevalence of disabling spasticity ranging from 2% to 13%. Data on phases of the PSS continuum revealed evidence of PSS in 4% to 27% of those in the early time course (1-4 weeks poststroke), 19% to 26.7% of those in the postacute phase (1-3 months poststroke), and 17% to 42.6% of those in the chronic phase (>3 months poststroke). Data also identified key risk factors associated with the development of spasticity, including lower Barthel Index scores, severe degree of paresis, stroke-related pain, and sensory deficits. Although such indices could be regarded as predictors of PSS and thus enable early identification and treatment, the different measures of PSS used in those studies limit the strength of the findings. To optimize evaluation in the different phases of care, the best possible assessment of PSS would make use of a combination of indicators for clinical impairment, motor performance, activity level, quality of life, and patient-reported outcome measures. Applying these recommended measures, as well as increasing our knowledge of the physiologic predictors of PSS, will enable us to perform clinical and epidemiologic studies that will facilitate identification and early, multimodal treatment. Y1 - 2013 SN - 0028-3878 VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - S13 EP - S19 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Michael A1 - van Hout, Roeland T1 - Interpreting resultative sentences in German BT - stages in L1 acquisition JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - This article presents the results of a study on the interpretation and acceptance of adjectival resultatives of German children between 6 and 9 years of age and adults. These results brought to light significant differences, due to age, in the interpretation and acceptance of these resultatives, that is to say, sentences with an adjective in the final position. The youngest participants were prone to accept ungrammatical sentences by assigning a resultative meaning. The ungrammaticality of the sentences in question was not due to semantic inconsistencies but to violations of the selectional properties of verbs, as for instance in *die Kinder erschrecken die Katze angstlich 'the children frighten the cat scared'. In contrast, the adults rejected or amended those sentences. The conclusion is (a) that the children seemed to rely on the sentence structure as a primary cue to compute the meaning of an utterance and (b) that, in contrast with adults, the youngest children in particular had not yet learned the relevant semantic properties of verbs that determine the selectional restrictions and thus the syntactic options of verbs. This means that differences in interpretation and acceptance of sentences are due to differences in knowledge of semantic verb properties between adults and children. The relevant semantic knowledge increases in gradual stages during language acquisition. KW - first language acquisition KW - frame compliance KW - grammatical judgments KW - verb classes KW - resultative sentences Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2013-0004 SN - 0024-3949 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 117 EP - 144 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranich, Svenja T1 - Functional layering and the English progressive JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - In this article, it will be argued that the concept of functional layering - an extension of Hopper's (1991) concept of layering - can be fruitfully applied to understand the mechanisms behind the sometimes large and messy looking synchronic picture of diverse meanings which one and the same construction can fulfill at a particular point in time. The concept will be used to account for the meaning spectrum of the present-day English progressive, which, it will be argued, no monosemic approach to date can account for. Taking a look at the diachrony of the construction will help to reveal that the various "exceptions" found in the use of the progressive can be understood as reflections of different stages in its development. Older, less grammaticalized or less well-defined usage patterns thus often survive in certain restricted niches next to the newer, more grammaticalized or more clear-cut functions, representing different diachronic layers. In addition to this diachronic motivation for synchronic meaning variety, the article will also address the crucial question of how a present-day hearer of a progressive form is able to decode the specific meaning intended by the speaker based on contextual clues. The article ends with some suggestions for further applications of the concept of functional layering. KW - grammaticalization KW - subjectification KW - semantic change KW - the English progressive construction KW - polysemy Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2013-0001 SN - 0024-3949 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 32 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammer, Conny A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Faeh, Donat T1 - Classifying seismic waveforms from scratch: a case study in the alpine environment JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - Nowadays, an increasing amount of seismic data is collected by daily observatory routines. The basic step for successfully analyzing those data is the correct detection of various event types. However, the visually scanning process is a time-consuming task. Applying standard techniques for detection like the STA/LTAtrigger still requires the manual control for classification. Here, we present a useful alternative. The incoming data stream is scanned automatically for events of interest. A stochastic classifier, called hidden Markov model, is learned for each class of interest enabling the recognition of highly variable waveforms. In contrast to other automatic techniques as neural networks or support vector machines the algorithm allows to start the classification from scratch as soon as interesting events are identified. Neither the tedious process of collecting training samples nor a time-consuming configuration of the classifier is required. An approach originally introduced for the volcanic task force action allows to learn classifier properties from a single waveform example and some hours of background recording. Besides a reduction of required workload this also enables to detect very rare events. Especially the latter feature provides a milestone point for the use of seismic devices in alpine warning systems. Furthermore, the system offers the opportunity to flag new signal classes that have not been defined before. We demonstrate the application of the classification system using a data set from the Swiss Seismological Survey achieving very high recognition rates. In detail we document all refinements of the classifier providing a step-by-step guide for the fast set up of a well-working classification system. KW - Time series analysis KW - Neural networks, fuzzy logic KW - Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification KW - Early warning KW - Probability distributions Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs036 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 192 IS - 1 SP - 425 EP - 439 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hobiger, M. A1 - Cornou, C. A1 - Wathelet, M. A1 - Di Giulio, G. A1 - Knapmeyer-Endrun, B. A1 - Renalier, F. A1 - Bard, Pierre-Yves A1 - Savvaidis, Alexandros A1 - Hailemikael, S. A1 - Le Bihan, N. A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Theodoulidis, N. T1 - Ground structure imaging by inversions of Rayleigh wave ellipticity sensitivity analysis and application to European strong-motion sites JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The knowledge of the local soil structure is important for the assessment of seismic hazards. A widespread, but time-consuming technique to retrieve the parameters of the local underground is the drilling of boreholes. Another way to obtain the shear wave velocity profile at a given location is the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves. To ensure a good resolution for both superficial and deeper layers, the used dispersion curves need to cover a wide frequency range. This wide frequency range can be obtained using several arrays of seismic sensors or a single array comprising a large number of sensors. Consequently, these measurements are time-consuming. A simpler alternative is provided by the use of the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. The frequency dependence of the ellipticity is tightly linked to the shear wave velocity profile. Furthermore, it can be measured using a single seismic sensor. As soil structures obtained by scaling of a given model exhibit the same ellipticity curve, any inversion of the ellipticity curve alone will be ambiguous. Therefore, additional measurements which fix the absolute value of the shear wave velocity profile at some points have to be included in the inversion process. Small-scale spatial autocorrelation measurements or MASW measurements can provide the needed data. Using a theoretical soil structure, we show which parts of the ellipticity curve have to be included in the inversion process to get a reliable result and which parts can be omitted. Furthermore, the use of autocorrelation or high-frequency dispersion curves will be highlighted. The resulting guidelines for inversions including ellipticity data are then applied to real data measurements collected at 14 different sites during the European NERIES project. It is found that the results are in good agreement with dispersion curve measurements. Furthermore, the method can help in identifying the mode of Rayleigh waves in dispersion curve measurements. KW - Inverse theory KW - Surface waves and free oscillations KW - Site effects KW - Computational seismology KW - Wave propagation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs005 SN - 0956-540X VL - 192 IS - 1 SP - 207 EP - 229 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sachse, Rita A1 - Wüstenhagen, Doreen Anja A1 - Samalikova, Maria A1 - Gerrits, Michael A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Kubick, Stefan T1 - Synthesis of membrane proteins in eukaryotic cell-free systems JF - Engineering in life sciences : Industry, Environment, Plant, Food N2 - Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a valuable method for the fast expression of difficult-to-express proteins as well as posttranslationally modified proteins. Since cell-free systems circumvent possible cytotoxic effects caused by protein overexpression in living cells, they significantly enlarge the scale and variety of proteins that can be characterized. We demonstrate the high potential of eukaryotic CFPS to express various types of membrane proteins covering a broad range of structurally and functionally diverse proteins. Our eukaryotic cell-free translation systems are capable to provide high molecular weight membrane proteins, fluorescent-labeled membrane proteins, as well as posttranslationally modified proteins for further downstream analysis. KW - Cell-free protein expression KW - In vitro protein synthesis KW - Labeled membrane proteins KW - Synthetic glycoprotein Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201100235 SN - 1618-0240 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Häring, Tim A1 - Reger, Birgit A1 - Ewald, Jörg A1 - Hothorn, Torsten A1 - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris T1 - Predicting Ellenberg's soil moisture indicator value in the Bavarian Alps using additive georegression JF - Applied vegetation science : official organ of the International Association for Vegetation Science N2 - Questions Can forest site characteristics be used to predict Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture? Which is the best averaged mean value for modelling? Does the distribution of soil moisture depend on spatial information? Location Bavarian Alps, Germany. Methods We used topographic, climatic and edaphic variables to model the mean soil moisture value as found on 1505 forest plots from the database WINALPecobase. All predictor variables were taken from area-wide geodata layers so that the model can be applied to some 250 000 ha of forest in the target region. We adopted methods developed in species distribution modelling to regionalize Ellenberg indicator values. Therefore, we use the additive georegression framework for spatial prediction of Ellenberg values with the R-library mboost, which is a feasible way to consider environmental effects, spatial autocorrelation, predictor interactions and non-stationarity simultaneously in our data. The framework is much more flexible than established statistical and machine-learning models in species distribution modelling. We estimated five different mboost models reflecting different model structures on 50 bootstrap samples in each case. Results Median R2 values calculated on independent test samples ranged from 0.28 to 0.45. Our results show a significant influence of interactions and non-stationarity in addition to environmental covariates. Unweighted mean indicator values can be modelled better than abundance-weighted values, and the consideration of bryophytes did not improve model performance. Partial response curves indicate meaningful dependencies between moisture indicator values and environmental covariates. However, mean indicator values <4.5 and >6.0 could not be modelled correctly, since they were poorly represented in our calibration sample. The final map represents high-resolution information of site hydrological conditions. Conclusions Indicator values offer an effect-oriented alternative to physically-based hydrological models to predict water-related site conditions, even at landscape scale. The presented approach is applicable to all kinds of Ellenberg indicator values. Therefore, it is a significant step towards a new generation of models of forest site types and potential natural vegetation. KW - Boosting KW - Mboost KW - Non-stationarity KW - Predictive vegetation mapping KW - Site ecology KW - Species distribution modelling Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01210.x SN - 1402-2001 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Matthes, Annika T1 - Photochemical synthesis and properties of 1,6- and 1,8-Naphthalenophanes JF - Molecules N2 - Various 1,6- and 1,8-naphthalenophanes were synthesized by using the Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction of bis-ynones. These compounds are easily accessible from omega-(3-iodophenyl)carboxylic acids in three steps. The obtained naphthalenophanes are axially chiral and the activation barrier for the atropisomerization could be determined in some cases by means of dynamic NMR (DNMR) and/or dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) experiments. KW - photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction KW - naphthalenophanes KW - atropisomerism KW - dynamic NMR KW - dynamic HPLC Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18011314 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 1314 EP - 1324 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Javanainen, Matti A1 - Hammaren, Henrik A1 - Monticelli, Luca A1 - Jeon, Jae-Hyung A1 - Miettinen, Markus S. A1 - Martinez-Seara, Hector A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Vattulainen, Ilpo T1 - Anomalous and normal diffusion of proteins and lipids in crowded lipid membranes JF - Faraday discussions N2 - Lateral diffusion plays a crucial role in numerous processes that take place in cell membranes, yet it is quite poorly understood in native membranes characterized by, e.g., domain formation and large concentration of proteins. In this article, we use atomistic and coarse-grained simulations to consider how packing of membranes and crowding with proteins affect the lateral dynamics of lipids and membrane proteins. We find that both packing and protein crowding have a profound effect on lateral diffusion, slowing it down. Anomalous diffusion is observed to be an inherent property in both protein-free and protein-rich membranes, and the time scales of anomalous diffusion and the exponent associated with anomalous diffusion are found to strongly depend on packing and crowding. Crowding with proteins also has a striking effect on the decay rate of dynamical correlations associated with lateral single-particle motion, as the transition from anomalous to normal diffusion is found to take place at macroscopic time scales: while in protein-poor conditions normal diffusion is typically observed in hundreds of nanoseconds, in protein-rich conditions the onset of normal diffusion is tens of microseconds, and in the most crowded systems as large as milliseconds. The computational challenge which results from these time scales is not easy to deal with, not even in coarse-grained simulations. We also briefly discuss the physical limits of protein motion. Our results suggest that protein concentration is anything but constant in the plane of cell membranes. Instead, it is strongly dependent on proteins' preference for aggregation. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fd20085f SN - 1359-6640 VL - 161 IS - 1 SP - 397 EP - 417 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schnabel, Konrad A1 - Asendorpf, Jens B. T1 - Free associations as a measure of stable implicit attitudes JF - European journal of personality N2 - Two studies explored the psychometric properties of free association methods for the assessment of attitudes. Even though the stability of the actual associations was rather low, psychometric properties of the valence estimates of the free associations were highly satisfactory. Valence estimates of associations were provided by independent judges who rated the valence of the associations that were generated by participants. Valence estimates of the associations showed satisfactory internal consistencies and retest reliabilities over three weeks. Additionally, valence estimates of the associations were significantly and independently related to both explicit self-reported attitudes and implicit attitudes that were assessed with an OssiWessi Implicit Association Test. Free association methods represent a useful complement to the family of implicit measures and are especially suitable for the assessment of non-relative attitudes towards single attitude objects. KW - free associations KW - automatic associations KW - automatic attitudes KW - social cognition KW - implicit measures Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1890 SN - 0890-2070 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 50 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Badalyan, Artavazd A1 - Neumann-Schaal, Meina A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula T1 - A Biosensor for aromatic aldehydes comprising the mediator dependent PaoABC-Aldehyde oxidoreductase JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - A novel aldehyde oxidoreductase (PaoABC) from Escherichia coli was utilized for the development of an oxygen insensitive biosensor for benzaldehyde. The enzyme was immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol and currents were measured for aldehyde oxidation with different one and two electron mediators with the highest sensitivity for benzaldehyde in the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III). The benzaldehyde biosensor was optimized with respect to mediator concentration, enzyme loading and pH using potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). The linear measuring range is between 0.5200 mu M benzaldehyde. In correspondence with the substrate selectivity of the enzyme in solution the biosensor revealed a preference for aromatic aldehydes and less effective conversion of aliphatic aldehydes. The biosensor is oxygen independent, which is a particularly attractive feature for application. The biosensor can be applied to detect contaminations with benzaldehyde in solvents such as benzyl alcohol, where traces of benzaldehyde in benzyl alcohol down to 0.0042?% can be detected. KW - Aldehyde oxidoreductase KW - Benzaldehyde KW - Biosensor KW - Aromatic aldehydes KW - Molybdenum cofactor Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201200362 SN - 1040-0397 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sliusarenko, O. Yu. A1 - Surkov, D. A. A1 - Gonchar, V. Yu. A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. T1 - Stationary states in bistable system driven by Levy noise JF - European physical journal special topics N2 - We study the properties of the probability density function (PDF) of a bistable system driven by heavy tailed white symmetric L,vy noise. The shape of the stationary PDF is found analytically for the particular case of the L,vy index alpha = 1 (Cauchy noise). For an arbitrary L,vy index we employ numerical methods based on the solution of the stochastic Langevin equation and space fractional kinetic equation. In contrast to the bistable system driven by Gaussian noise, in the L,vy case, the positions of maxima of the stationary PDF do not coincide with the positions of minima of the bistable potential. We provide a detailed study of the distance between the maxima and the minima as a function of the depth of the potential and the L,vy noise parameters. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01736-0 SN - 1951-6355 VL - 216 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 138 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Czapiewski, Marc A1 - Kreye, Oliver A1 - Mutlu, Hatice A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. T1 - Cross-metathesis versus palladium-catalyzed C-H activation acetoxy ester functionalization of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters JF - European journal of lipid science and technology N2 - Two synthetic approaches to functionalize plant oil derived platform chemicals were investigated. For this purpose, methyl 10-undecenoate, which can be obtained by pyrolysis of castor oil, was used in olefin cross-metathesis under neat conditions forming an unsaturated a,?-acetoxy ester. A catalyst screening with 11 different ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts was performed, revealing that well-suited catalysts allow for full conversion and very good cross-metathesis selectivity at a loading of only 0.5?mol%. An alternative possibility to the aforementioned synthetic method is a palladium-catalyzed reaction of methyl 10-undecenoate with acetic acid in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Here, the formation of linear and branched unsaturated acetoxy esters as well as a ketone was observed. The conversion as well as the selectivity of this procedure was studied under different reaction conditions and compared to the cross-metathesis results. Based on the successful functionalization of methyl 10-undecenoate, methyl oleate was investigated in this palladium-catalyzed C?H activation reaction. Due to the lower reactivity of the internal double bond the desired acetoxy ester was only obtained in moderate conversion in this case. In summary, this study clearly shows that palladium-catalyzed functionalization of unsaturated fatty compounds via C?H activation is an attractive alternative to the well-established olefin cross-metathesis procedure. KW - a KW - -Acetoxy esters KW - C?H oxidation KW - Cross-metathesis KW - Fatty acids KW - Pd catalysis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200196 SN - 1438-7697 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - 85 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herder, Martin A1 - Utecht, Manuel Martin A1 - Manicke, Nicole A1 - Grubert, Lutz A1 - Pätzel, Michael A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Hecht, Stefan T1 - Switching with orthogonal stimuli electrochemical ring-closure and photochemical ring-opening of bis(thiazolyl) maleimides JF - Chemical science N2 - The photochemistry as well as electrochemistry of novel donor-acceptor bis(morpholinothiazolyl)maleimides has been investigated. Proper substitution of these diarylethene-type molecular switches leads to the unique situation in which their ring-closure can only be accomplished electrochemically, while ring-opening can only be achieved photochemically. Hence, these switches operate with orthogonal stimuli, i.e. redox potential and light, respectively. The switch system could be optimized by introducing trifluoromethyl groups at the reactive carbon atoms in order to avoid by-product formation during oxidative ring closure. Both photochemical and electrochemical pathways were investigated for methylated, trifluoromethylated, and nonsymmetrical bis(morpholinothiazolyl) maleimides as well as the bis(morpholinothiazolyl) cyclopentene reference compound. With the aid of the nonsymmetrical "mixed" derivative, the mechanism of electrochemically driven ring closure could be elucidated and seems to proceed via a dicationic intermediate generated by two-fold oxidation. All experimental work has been complemented by density functional theory that provides detailed insights into the thermodynamics of the ring-open and closed forms, the nature of their excited states, and the reactivity of their neutral as well as ionized species in different electronic configurations. The particular diarylethene systems described herein could serve in multifunctional (logic) devices operated by different stimuli (inputs) and may pave the way to converting light into electrical energy via photoinduced "pumping" of redox-active meta-stable states. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sc21681g SN - 2041-6520 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 1028 EP - 1040 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Hongguang A1 - Babu, Sukumaran Santhosh A1 - Turner, Sarah T. A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Hollamby, Martin J. A1 - Seki, Tomohiro A1 - Yagai, Shiki A1 - Deguchi, Yonekazu A1 - Möhwald, Helmuth A1 - Nakanishi, Takashi T1 - Alkylated-C-60 based soft materials regulation of self-assembly and optoelectronic properties by chain branching JF - Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices N2 - Derivatization of fullerene (C-60) with branched aliphatic chains softens C-60-based materials and enables the formation of thermotropic liquid crystals and room temperature nonvolatile liquids. This work demonstrates that by carefully tuning parameters such as type, number and substituent position of the branched chains, liquid crystalline C-60 materials with mesophase temperatures suited for photovoltaic cell fabrication and room temperature nonvolatile liquid fullerenes with tunable viscosity can be obtained. In particular, compound 1, with branched chains, exhibits a smectic liquid crystalline phase extending from 84 degrees C to room temperature. Analysis of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells with a ca. 100 nm active layer of compound 1 and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an electron acceptor and an electron donor, respectively, reveals an improved performance (power conversion efficiency, PCE: 1.6 + 0.1%) in comparison with another compound, 10 (PCE: 0.5 + 0.1%). The latter, in contrast to 1, carries linear aliphatic chains and thus forms a highly ordered solid lamellar phase at room temperature. The solar cell performance of 1 blended with P3HT approaches that of PCBM/P3HT for the same active layer thickness. This indicates that C-60 derivatives bearing branched tails are a promising class of electron acceptors in soft (flexible) photovoltaic devices. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc00066d SN - 2050-7526 VL - 1 IS - 10 SP - 1943 EP - 1951 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomczyk, Jaroslaw A1 - Sobolewska, Anna A1 - Nagy, Zsuzsanna T. A1 - Guillon, Daniel A1 - Donnio, Bertrand A1 - Stumpe, Joachim T1 - Photo- and thermal-processing of azobenzene-containing star-shaped liquid crystals JF - Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices N2 - A new class of star-shaped, liquid crystalline, low-molecular weight compounds functionalized with photochromic azobenzene and mesogenic groups was investigated in terms of light-induced anisotropy. The behaviour of the materials under the action of light with simultaneous or subsequent thermal treatment was examined with respect to the induction of anisotropy. The unconventional UV light treatment prior to the irradiation with linearly polarized light allowed induction of very high values of anisotropy (D = 0.77) at room temperature. Moreover, the simultaneous action of light and temperature led to the induction of higher values of dichroism in comparison with anisotropy generated by the standard procedure. Subsequent thermal treatment led to dewetting and the formation of 3D macroscopic stripe- and dome-like structures for one of the investigated compounds. Despite photoinduction of anisotropy by a single beam, the formation of polarization and surface relief gratings by two-beam interference pattern was also investigated. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2tc00627h SN - 2050-7526 VL - 1 IS - 5 SP - 924 EP - 932 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Variable and invariable proportions in the ontogenesis of the human face JF - The journal of craniofacial surgery : an international journal dedicated to the practice of the art and science of craniofacial surgery ; official publication of the American Association of Pediatric Plastic Surgeons N2 - The human face shows individual features and features that are characteristic for sex and age (the loss of childlike characteristics during maturation). The analysis of facial dimensions is essential for identifying individual features also for forensic issues. The analysis of facial proportions was performed on photogrammetric data from front views of 125 children. The data were pooled from 2 different studies. The children's data were obtained from a longitudinal study and reduced by random generator to ensure the data of adults from a separate cross-sectional study. We applied principal component analysis on photogrammetric facial proportions of 169 individuals: 125 children (63 boys and 62 girls) aged 2-7 years and 44 adults (18 men and 26 women) aged 18-65 years. Facial proportions depend on age and sex. Three components described age: (1) proportions of facial height to head height, (2) proportions that involve endocanthal breadth, and (3) bigonial to bizygonial proportions. Proportions that associate with sex are connected with nasal distances and nasal to bizygonial distances. Twenty-three percent of the variance, particularly variance that are connected with proportions of lower and middle face heights to head height, do neither depend on sex nor on age and thus appear useful for screening purposes, eg, for dysmorphic genetic syndromes. KW - Human face KW - face proportions KW - ontogenesis KW - principal component analysis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e31826d07a3 SN - 1049-2275 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 237 EP - 241 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barthold, Frauke Katrin A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Breuer, L. A1 - Frede, Hans-Georg A1 - Wu, J. A1 - Blank, F. Benjamin T1 - Land use and climate control the spatial distribution of soil types in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia JF - Journal of arid environments N2 - The spatial distribution of soil types is controlled by a set of environmental factors such as climate, organisms, parent material and topography as well as time and space. A change of these factors will lead to a change in the spatial distribution of soil types. In this study, we use a digital soil mapping approach to improve our knowledge about major soil type distributing factors in the steppe regions of Inner Mongolia (China) which currently undergo tremendous environmental change, e.g. climate and land use change. We use Random Forests in an effort to map Reference Soil Groups according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) in the Xilin River catchment. We benefit from the superior prediction capabilities of RF and additional interpretive results in order to identify the major environmental factors that control spatial patterns of soil types. The nine WRB soil groups that were identified and spatially predicted for the study area are Arenosol, Calcisol, Cambisol, Chernozem, Cryosol, Gleysol, Kastanozem, Phaeozem and Regosol. Model and prediction performances of the RF model are high with an Out-of-Bag error of 51.6% for the model and a misclassification error for the predicted map of 28.9%. The main controlling factors of soil type distribution are land use, a set of topographic variables, geology and climate. However, land use and climate are of major importance and topography and geology are of minor importance. The visualizations of the predictions, the variable importance measures as result of RF and the comparisons of these with the spatial distribution of the environmental factors delivered additional, quantitative information of these controlling factors and revealed that intensively grazed areas are subjected to soil degradation. However, most of the area is still governed by natural soil forming processes which are driven by climate, topography and geology. Most importantly though, our study revealed that a shift towards warmer temperatures and lower precipitation regimes will lead to a change of the spatial distribution of RSGs towards steppe soils that store less carbon, i.e. a decrease of spatial extent of Phaeozems and an increase of spatial extent of Chernozems and Kastanozems. KW - Random Forests KW - Soil-environmental relationships KW - Steppe KW - Inner Mongolia KW - Land use change KW - Climate change Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.004 SN - 0140-1963 VL - 88 IS - 1 SP - 194 EP - 205 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carregari, Victor Corasolla A1 - Floriano, Rafael Stuani A1 - Rodrigues-Simioni, Lea A1 - Winck, Flavia V. A1 - Baldasso, Paulo Aparecido A1 - Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto A1 - Marangoni, Sergio T1 - Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Structural Characterization of New Basic PLA(2) Bbil-TX from Bothriopsis bilineata Snake Venom JF - BioMed research international N2 - Bbil-TX, a PLA(2), was purified from Bothriopsis bilineata snake venom after only one chromatographic step using RP-HPLC on mu-Bondapak C-18 column. A molecular mass of 14243.8 Da was confirmed by -Tof ltima API ESI/ MS (TOF MS mode) mass spectrometry. The partial protein sequence obtained was then submitted to BLASTp, with the search restricted to PLA(2) from snakes and shows high identity values when compared to other PLA(2)s. PLA(2) activity was presented in the presence of a synthetic substrate and showed a minimum sigmoidal behavior, reaching its maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 25-37 degrees C. Maximum PLA(2) activity required Ca2+ and in the presence of Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ it was reduced in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Crotapotin from Crotalus durissus cascavella rattlesnake venom and antihemorrhagic factor DA2-II from Didelphis albiventris opossum sera under optimal conditions significantly inhibit the enzymatic activity. Bbil-TX induces myonecrosis in mice. The fraction does not show a significant cytotoxic activity in myotubes and myoblasts (C2C12). The infiammatory events induced in the serum of mice by Bbil-TX isolated from Bothriopsis bilineata snake venom were investigated. An increase in vascular permeability and in the levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1 was was induced. Since Bbil-TX exerts a stronger proinfiammatory effect, the phospholipid hydrolysis may be relevant for these phenomena. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/612649 SN - 2314-6133 SN - 2314-6141 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corp. CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaramillo-Vogel, David A1 - Strasser, Andre A1 - Frijia, Gianluca A1 - Spezzaferri, Silvia T1 - Neritic isotope and sedimentary records of the Eocene-Oligocene greenhouse-icehouse transition the Calcare di Nago Formation (northern Italy) in a global context JF - Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences N2 - From the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene, the Earth experienced the most significant climatic cooling of the Cenozoic era. The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) represents the culmination of this climatic cooling, leading to the onset of the Antarctic glaciation and, consequently, to the beginning of the present-day icehouse world. Whereas the response of deep-sea systems to this climate transition has been widely studied, its impact on the shallow-water carbonate realm is poorly constrained. Here, the sedimentary expression of the EOT in two shallow-marine carbonate successions (Nago and San Valentino, northern Italy) belonging to the Calcare di Nago Formation is presented. The chronostratigraphic framework was constructed by integrating litho-, bio-, and isotope-stratigraphic data (C and Sr isotopes), allowing to correlate these shallow-marine successions with pelagic sections in central Italy (Massignano), Tanzania (TOP Sites 12 and 17), and the Indian Ocean (ODP Site 744). Within several sections in northern Italy, including Nago and San Valentino, a Priabonian (Late Eocene) transgression is recorded. Oxygen isotopes of ODP Site 744 show a coeval negative shift of 0.4 parts per thousand., suggesting a glacio-eustatic origin for this transgression. In the Nago and San Valentino sections, no prominent sequence boundary has been detected that would indicate a rapid sea-level drop occurring together with the positive shift in delta O-18 defining the EOT-1 cooling event. Instead, a gradual shallowing of the depositional environment is observed. At TDP Sites 12 and 17, the EOT-1 is followed by a negative shift in delta O-18 of around 0.4 parts per thousand, which correlates with a relative deepening of the environment in the studied sections and suggests a melting pulse between EOT-1 and the Oligocene isotope event 1 (Oi-1). The positive delta O-18 shift related to the Oi-1 translates in San Valentino into a change in carbonate factory from a photozoan association dominated by larger benthic foraminifera, corals, and red algae to a heterozoan association dominated by bryozoans. The same bryozoan fades occurs in several Italian localities near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. This fades is interpreted to represent an analogue of modern cool-water carbonates and results from a cooling pulse of at least regional scale, associated to the Oi-1 event. KW - Eocene-Oligocene transition KW - Shallow-water carbonates KW - Carbon-isotope stratigraphy KW - Strontium-isotope stratigraphy KW - Sea-level changes Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.11.003 SN - 0031-0182 VL - 369 SP - 361 EP - 376 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaudhary, Tanja A1 - Walch, Elisabeth A1 - Herold, Birgit A1 - Metze, B. A1 - Lejeune, A. A1 - Burkhardt, F. A1 - Buehrer, C. T1 - Predictive and concurrent validity of standardized neurodevelopmental examinations by the griffiths scales and bayley scales of infant development II JF - Klinische Pädiatrie : clinical research and practice in pediatrics N2 - Background: Standardized examinations of preterm infants are used to identify candidates for early intervention. We aimed to assess the predictive power and concurrent validity of the mental development index of the Bayley scales of infant development II (Bayley MDI) and the Griffiths scales developmental quotient (Griffiths DQ) in healthy term and preterm infants < 1 500 g birth weight without major perinatal complications. Methods: 137 Infants (89 term, 48 preterm) were examined by both tests at a corrected age of 6, 12, and 22 months, and 114 went on to undergo Bayley assessments at 39 months. Results: There were significant correlations between Bayley and Griffiths results at 6, 12, and 22 months (r = 0.530, 0.714, and 0.833, respectively, p < 0.001) but Bland Altman plots revealed major systematic bias at 6 months (Griffiths > Bayley, mean differences 14.3 +/- 9.8) and 22 months (Bayley > Griffiths, mean difference 5.2 +/- 13.9) and wide 95% limits of agreement at 6, 12 and 22 months (35.9%, 40.0%, and 52.4%, respectively). The agreement for a presumptive diagnosis of developmental impairment in the group of preterm infants between Bayley examinations obtained at 39 months corrected age (reference) and previous examinations was poor at 6, 12, and 22 months for both Bayley and Griffiths (Cohen's kappa for Griffiths: 0.225, 0.192, 0.369; for Bayley: 0.121, 0.316, 0.369, respectively). Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when interpreting results from standardized neurodevelopmental examinations obtained during the first 2 years of life in comparatively well preterm infants. KW - very low birth weight infant KW - outcome KW - neurodevelopmental impairment Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1331169 SN - 0300-8630 VL - 225 IS - 1 SP - 8 EP - 12 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vicedo, Vicent A1 - Caus, Esmeralda A1 - Frijia, Gianluca T1 - Late Cretaceous alveolinaceans (larger foraminifera) of the Caribbean palaeobioprovince and their stratigraphic distribution JF - Journal of systematic palaeontology N2 - Architectural analysis of the Late Cretaceous alveolinaceans of the Caribbean palaeobioprovince has made it possible to separate four genera: Praechubbina, Chubbinella gen. nov., Chubbina and Caribalveolina. The first three genera belong to the family Rhapydioninidae, while the fourth is placed in the family Alveolinidae. Two species, Praechubbina breviclaustra and P. oxchucensis sp. nov., represent the primitive genus Praechubbina, while the species cardenasensis and obesa, previously ascribed to this genus, must be reassigned respectively to Chubbinella gen. nov. and Caribalveolina. The species Chubbina jamaicensis, C. macgillavryi and C. fourcadei sp. nov. complete the inventory of Chubbina. The alveolinid genus Caribalveolina comprises two species, C. obesa and C. michaudi. Caribbean alveolinaceans include two successive assemblages. The lower assemblage is characterized by Praechubbina oxchucensis, P. brevisclaustra, Chubbinella cardenasensis and Caribalveolina obesa. The upper assemblage is represented by the genus Chubbina, with C. fourcadei, C. jamaicensis and C. macgillavryi, and Caribalveolina michaudi. The age of the lower assemblage is uncertain (probably Late CampanianEarly Maastrichtian), while the upper assemblage has been dated by strontium isotope stratigraphy as Late Maastrichtian. KW - alveolinaceans KW - larger foraminifera KW - shell-architecture KW - Caribbean KW - biostratigraphy KW - Sr-isotope stratigraphy Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2011.637517 SN - 1477-2019 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czerwon, Beate A1 - Hohlfeld, Annette A1 - Wiese, Heike A1 - Werheid, Katja T1 - Syntactic structural parallelisms influence processing of positive stimuli evidence from cross-modal ERP priming JF - International journal of psychophysiology N2 - Language can strongly influence the emotional state of the recipient. In contrast to the broad body of experimental and neuroscientific research on semantic information and prosodic speech, the emotional impact of grammatical structure has rarely been investigated. One reason for this might be, that measuring effects of syntactic structure involves the use of complex stimuli, for which the emotional impact of grammar is difficult to isolate. In the present experiment we examined the emotional impact of structural parallelisms, that is, repetitions of syntactic features, on the emotion-sensitive "late positive potential" (LPP) with a cross-modal priming paradigm. Primes were auditory presented nonsense sentences which included grammatical-syntactic parallelisms. Visual targets were positive, neutral, and negative faces, to be classified as emotional or non-emotional by the participants. Electrophysiology revealed diminished LPP amplitudes for positive faces following parallel primes. Thus, our findings suggest that grammatical structure creates an emotional context that facilitates processing of positive emotional information. KW - Language KW - Emotion KW - Priming KW - ERP KW - Late positive potential KW - Structural parallelisms Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.014 SN - 0167-8760 SN - 1872-7697 VL - 87 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - Schinkel, Stefan A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Recurrence plots 25 years later -Gaining confidence in dynamical transitions JF - epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics N2 - Recurrence-plot-based time series analysis is widely used to study changes and transitions in the dynamics of a system or temporal deviations from its overall dynamical regime. However, most studies do not discuss the significance of the detected variations in the recurrence quantification measures. In this letter we propose a novel method to add a confidence measure to the recurrence quantification analysis. We show how this approach can be used to study significant changes in dynamical systems due to a change in control parameters, chaos-order as well as chaos-chaos transitions. Finally we study and discuss climate transitions by analysing a marine proxy record for past sea surface temperature. This paper is dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the introduction of recurrence plots. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/101/20007 SN - 0295-5075 VL - 101 IS - 2 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Mulhouse ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zerbian, Sabine T1 - Prosodic marking of narrow focus across varieties of South African English JF - English world-wide : a journal of varieties of English N2 - This paper reports on an elicited production study which investigates prosodic marking of narrow focus in modified noun phrases in varieties of South African English. The acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration in narrow focus is presented and discussed. The results suggest that these three acoustic parameters are manipulated differently in narrow focus in the varieties of English as a Second Language as compared to General South African English. The article compares the results to what is known about prosodic marking of information structure in other varieties of English as a Second Language and underlines the necessity of carefully controlled data in the investigation of phonological and phonetic variation in varieties of English. KW - South African English KW - Black South African English KW - English as a Second Language (ESL) KW - prosody KW - focus KW - fundamental frequency KW - intensity KW - duration KW - contact variety Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.1.02zer SN - 0172-8865 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 47 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Jeschonek, Susanna A1 - Pauen, Sabina T1 - Event-related potentials for 7-month-olds' processing of animals and furniture items JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - Event-related potentials (ERPs) to single visual stimuli were recorded in 7-month-old infants. In a three-stimulus oddball paradigm, infants watched one frequently occurring standard stimulus (either an animal or a furniture item) and two infrequently occurring oddball stimuli, presenting one exemplar from the same and one from the different super-ordinate category as compared to the standard stimulus. Additionally, visual attributes of the stimuli were controlled to investigate whether infants focus on category membership or on perceptual similarity when processing the stimuli. Infant ERPs indicated encoding of the standard stimulus and discriminating it from the two oddball stimuli by larger Nc peak amplitude and late-slow-wave activity for the infrequent stimuli. Moreover, larger Nc latency and positive-slow-wave activity indicated increased processing for the different-category as compared to the same-category oddball. Thus, 7-month-olds seem to encode single stimuli not only by surface perceptual features, but they also regard information of category membership, leading to facilitated processing of the oddball that belongs to the same domain as the standard stimulus. KW - Category identification KW - Infants (age: 7 months) KW - Event-related potentials KW - Visual stimulus processing KW - Recognition memory Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.002 SN - 1878-9293 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiel, Kerstin A1 - Zehbe, Rolf A1 - Röser, Jerome A1 - Strauch, Peter A1 - Enthaler, Stephan A1 - Thomas, Arne T1 - A polymer analogous reaction for the formation of imidazolium and NHC based porous polymer networks JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - A polymer analogous reaction was carried out to generate a porous polymeric network with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) in the polymer backbone. Using a stepwise approach, first a polyimine network is formed by polymerization of the tetrafunctional amine tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane. This polyimine network is converted in the second step into polyimidazolium chloride and finally to a polyNHC network. Furthermore a porous Cu(II)-coordinated polyNHC network can be generated. Supercritical drying generates polymer networks with high permanent surface areas and porosities which can be applied for different catalytic reactions. The catalytic properties were demonstrated for example in the activation of CO2 or in the deoxygenation of sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfides. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2py20947k SN - 1759-9954 VL - 4 IS - 6 SP - 1848 EP - 1856 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palm, Juliane A1 - van Schaik, N. Loes M. B. A1 - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris T1 - Modelling distribution patterns of anecic, epigeic and endogeic earthworms at catchment-scale in agro-ecosystems JF - Pedobiologia : international journal of soil biology N2 - Species distribution models are useful for identifying driving environmental factors that determine earthworm distributions as well as for predicting earthworm distribution patterns and abundances at different scales. However, due to large efforts in data acquisition, studies on larger scales are rare and often focus on single species or earthworms in general. In this study, we use boosted regression tree models (BRTs) for predicting the distribution of the three functional earthworm types, i.e. anecics, endogeics and epigeics, in an agricultural area in Baden-Wurttemberg (Southwest Germany). First, we predicted presence and absence and later earthworm abundances, considering predictors depicting land management, topography, and soil conditions as well as biotic interaction by using the abundance of the other functional earthworm types. The final presence-absence models performed reasonably well, with explained deviances between 24 and 51% after crossvalidation. Models for abundances of anecics and endogeics were less successful, since the high small-scale variability and patchiness in earthworm abundance influenced the representativeness of the field measurements. This resulted in a significant model uncertainty, which is practically very difficult to overcome with earthworm sampling campaigns at the catchment scale. Results showed that management practices (i.e. disturbances), topography, soil conditions, and biotic interactions with other earthworm groups are the most relevant predictors for spatial distribution (incidence) patterns of all three functional groups. The response curves and contributions of predictors differ for the three functional earthworm types. Epigeics are also controlled by topographic features, endogeics by soil parameters. KW - Species distribution models KW - Earthworms KW - Soil hydrology KW - Boosted regression trees (BRT) KW - Distribution patterns KW - Biotic interactions Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.08.007 SN - 0031-4056 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Lacroix, Andre A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Röttger, Katrin A1 - Gollhofer, Albert T1 - Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults JF - Gerontology N2 - Background: Age-related postural misalignment, balance deficits and strength/power losses are associated with impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of falling in seniors. Core instability strength training (CIT) involves exercises that are challenging for both trunk muscles and postural control and may thus have the potential to induce benefits in trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility and balance performance. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of CIT on measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in seniors. Methods: Thirty-two older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT; n = 16, aged 70.8 +/- 4.1 years) that conducted a 9-week progressive CIT or to a control group (n = 16, aged 70.2 +/- 4.5 years). Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors/extensors/lateral flexors (right, left)/rotators (right, left) as well as of spinal mobility in the sagittal and the coronal plane was measured before and after the intervention program. Dynamic balance (i.e. walking 10 m on an optoelectric walkway, the Functional Reach test) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test) were additionally tested. Results: Program compliance was excellent with participants of the INT group completing 92% of the training sessions. Significant group x test interactions were found for the maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors (34%, p < 0.001), extensors (21%, p < 0.001), lateral flexors (right: 48%, p < 0.001; left: 53%, p < 0.001) and left rotators (42%, p < 0.001) in favor of the INT group. Further, training-related improvements were found for spinal mobility in the sagittal (11%, p < 0.001) and coronal plane (11%, p = 0.06) directions, for stride velocity (9%, p < 0.05), the coefficient of variation in stride velocity (31%, p < 0.05), the Functional Reach test (20%, p < 0.05) and the Timed Up and Go test (4%, p < 0.05) in favor of the INT group. Conclusion: CIT proved to be a feasible exercise program for seniors with a high adherence rate. Age-related deficits in measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility can be mitigated by CIT. This training regimen could be used as an adjunct or even alternative to traditional balance and/or resistance training. KW - Elderly KW - Gait KW - Muscle strength KW - Physical performance KW - Postural balance Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000343152 SN - 0304-324X VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menzel, Ralf A1 - Heuer, Axel A1 - Puhlmann, Dirk A1 - Dechoum, K. A1 - Hillery, M. A1 - Spaehn, M. J. A. A1 - Schleich, W. P. T1 - A two-photon double-slit experiment JF - Journal of modern optics N2 - We employ a photon pair created by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) where the pump laser is in the TEM01 mode to perform a Young's double-slit experiment. The signal photon illuminates the two slits and displays interference fringes in the far-field while the idler photon measured in the near-field in coincidence with the signal photon provides us with which-slit' information. We explain the results of these experiments with the help of an analytical expression for the second-order correlation function derived from an elementary model of SPDC. Our experiment emphasizes the crucial role of the mode function in the quantum theory of radiation. KW - complementarity KW - wave-particle dualism KW - Young's double-slit experiment KW - spontaneous parametric down conversion KW - TEM01 mode Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2012.746400 SN - 0950-0340 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 86 EP - 94 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -