TY  - GEN
A1  - Ebers, Martin
A1  - Hoch, Veronica R. S.
A1  - Rosenkranz, Frank
A1  - Ruschemeier, Hannah
A1  - Steinrötter, Björn
T1  - The European Commission’s proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act
BT  - A critical assessment by members of the Robotics and AI Law Society (RAILS)
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation “laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence”, the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act” (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11).
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 8 
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - machine learning
KW  - European Union
KW  - regulation
KW  - harmonization
KW  - Artificial Intelligence Act
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-596824
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Voss, Martin
A1  - Blenau, Wolfgang
A1  - Walz, Bernd
A1  - Baumann, Otto
T1  - V-ATPase deactivation in blowfly salivary glands is mediated by protein phosphatase 2C
N2  - The activity of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the apical membrane of blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is regulated by the neurohormone serotonin (5-HT). 5-HT induces, via protein kinase A, the phosphorylation of V-ATPase subunit C and the assembly of V-ATPase holoenzymes. The protein phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of subunit C and V-ATPase inactivation is not as yet known. We show here that inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A (tautomycin, ocadaic acid) and PP2B (cyclosporin A, FK-506) do not prevent V-ATPase deactivation and dephosphorylation of subunit C. A decrease in the intracellular Mg2+ level caused by loading secretory cells with EDTA-AM leads to the activation of proton pumping in the absence of 5-HT, prolongs the 5-HT-induced response in proton pumping, and inhibits the dephosphorylation of subunit C. Thus, the deactivation of V-ATPase is most probably mediated by a protein phosphatase that is insensitive to okadaic acid and that requires Mg2+, namely, a member of the PP2C protein family. By molecular biological techniques, we demonstrate the expression of at least two PP2C protein family members in blowfly salivary glands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KW  - vacuolar H+-ATPase
KW  - assembly
KW  - regulation
KW  - protein phosphatise
KW  - dephosphorylation
Y1  - 2009
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44360
ER  -