TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobagyi, Tibor
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel
A1  - Howatson, Glyn
A1  - Manca, Andrea
A1  - Deriu, Franca
A1  - Taube, Wolfgang
A1  - Gruber, Markus
A1  - Marquez, Gonzalo
A1  - Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper
A1  - Colomer-Poveda, David
T1  - Functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in health and disease
JF  - Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society
N2  - Repetitive, monotonic, and effortful voluntary muscle contractions performed for just a few weeks, i.e., resistance training, can substantially increase maximal voluntary force in the practiced task and can also increase gross motor performance. The increase in motor performance is often accompanied by neuroplastic adaptations in the central nervous system. While historical data assigned functional relevance to such adaptations induced by resistance training, this claim has not yet been systematically and critically examined in the context of motor performance across the lifespan in health and disease. A review of muscle activation, brain and peripheral nerve stimulation, and imaging data revealed that increases in motor performance and neuroplasticity tend to be uncoupled, making a mechanistic link between neuroplasticity and motor performance inconclusive. We recommend new approaches, including causal mediation analytical and hypothesis-driven models to substantiate the functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in the improvements of gross motor function across the lifespan in health and disease.
KW  - Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)
KW  - strength training
KW  - Electromyography (EMG)
KW  - Transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS)
KW  - Electroencephalography (EEG)
KW  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
KW  - athletic performance
KW  - aging
KW  - Parkinson's disease
KW  - Multiple sclerosis
KW  - stroke
KW  - directed acyclic graphs
KW  - causal mediation analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.019
SN  - 0149-7634
SN  - 1873-7528
VL  - 122
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Lorenz, Robert C.
A1  - Quynh-Lam Duong, 
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Deserno, Lorenz
T1  - Prefrontal-parietal effective connectivity during working memory in older adults
JF  - Neurobiology of Aging
N2  - Theoretical models and preceding studies have described age-related alterations in neuronal activation of frontoparietal regions in a working memory (WM)load-dependent manner. However, to date, underlying neuronal mechanisms of these WM load-dependent activation changes in aging remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms in terms of effective connectivity by application of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian Model Selection. Eighteen healthy younger (age: 20-32 years) and 32 older (60-75 years) participants performed an n-back task with 3 WM load levels during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral and conventional fMRI results replicated age group by WM load interactions. Importantly, the analysis of effective connectivity derived from dynamic causal modeling, indicated an age-and performance-related reduction in WM load-dependent modulation of connectivity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to inferior parietal lobule. This finding provides evidence for the proposal that age-related WM decline manifests as deficient WM load-dependent modulation of neuronal top-down control and can integrate implications from theoretical models and previous studies of functional changes in the aging brain.
KW  - Aging
KW  - Dynamic causal modeling (DCM)
KW  - Effective connectivity
KW  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
KW  - Working memory
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.005
SN  - 0197-4580
SN  - 1558-1497
VL  - 57
SP  - 18
EP  - 27
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  -