TY - JOUR A1 - Rockström, Johan A1 - Kotzé, Louis A1 - Milutinović, Svetlana A1 - Biermann, Frank A1 - Brovkin, Victor A1 - Donges, Jonathan A1 - Ebbesson, Jonas A1 - French, Duncan A1 - Gupta, Joyeeta A1 - Kim, Rakhyun A1 - Lenton, Timothy A1 - Lenzi, Dominic A1 - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa A1 - Neumann, Barbara A1 - Schuppert, Fabian A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Bosselmann, Klaus A1 - Folke, Carl A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Schlosberg, David A1 - Richardson, Katherine A1 - Steffen, Will T1 - The planetary commons BT - a new paradigm for safeguarding earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no- analogue tra­jectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons frame­work by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice. KW - anthropocene KW - earth system governance KW - global commons KW - international law KW - planetary boundaries Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301531121 SN - 1091-6490 SN - 1877-2014 VL - 121 IS - 5 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp A1 - Cockshott, William Paul T1 - Input-output planning and information JF - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization N2 - In this paper, we show how socialist planning can be based on input-output data. We argue that the information required for this can be obtained by a central planning agency and thus dismiss Hayek’s information argument against socialism. We further show how economic planning can be made responsive to consumer demand through a feedback control mechanism. Output targets of products would be adjusted in response to observed consumer demand or based on predictions about future demand. Planners can use machine learning to make more accurate forecasts. The valuation of goods plays an important role in the feedback control mechanism. The values of goods can either be measured by the labour time necessary for their production (labour values) or through shadow prices based on linear programming. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.10.043 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 205 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambert, Karras A1 - Fegley, Tate A1 - Candela, Rosolino A1 - Boettke, Peter A1 - Phelan, Steven A1 - Wenzel, Nikolai G. A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp T1 - Reply and Counter-Reply BT - on cybersocialism JF - Journal of economic behavior & organization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.026 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 212 SP - 300 EP - 310 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Justifying types of representative democracy BT - a response JF - Critical review of international social and political philosophy N2 - This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform. KW - political equality KW - semi-parliamentarism KW - presidentialism KW - institutional design KW - executive personalism Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2022.2159665 SN - 1369-8230 SN - 1743-8772 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsebelis, George A1 - Thies, Michael A1 - Cheibub, José Antonio A1 - Dixon, Rosalind A1 - Bogéa, Daniel A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Review symposium BT - beyond presidentialism and parliamentarism JF - European political science N2 - Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium. KW - semi-parliamentary government KW - presidentialism KW - parliamentary government KW - separation of powers KW - legislatures KW - executives KW - parliamentary democracy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00426-9 SN - 1680-4333 SN - 1682-0983 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Pruin, Andree T1 - Organizational reputation in executive politics BT - citizen-oriented units in the German federal bureaucracy JF - International review of administrative sciences N2 - In recent years, governments have increased their efforts to strengthen the citizen-orientation in policy design. They have established temporary arenas as well as permanent units inside the machinery of government to integrate citizens into policy formulation, leading to a “laboratorization” of central government organizations. We argue that the evolution and role of these units herald new dynamics in the importance of organizational reputation for executive politics. These actors deviate from the classic palette of organizational units inside the machinery of government and thus require their own reputation vis-à-vis various audiences within and outside their parent organization. Based on a comparative case study of two of these units inside the German federal bureaucracy, we show how ambiguous expectations of their audiences challenge their organizational reputation. Both units resolve these tensions by balancing their weaker professional and procedural reputation with a stronger performative and moral reputation. We conclude that government units aiming to improve citizen orientation in policy design may benefit from engaging with citizens as their external audience to compensate for a weaker reputation in the eyes of their audiences inside the government organization. Points for practitioners: many governments have introduced novel means to strengthen citizen-centered policy design, which has led to an emergence of novel units inside central government that differ from traditional bureaucratic structures and procedures ; this study analyzes how these new units may build their organizational reputation vis-à-vis internal and external actors in government policymaking. ; we show that such units assert themselves primarily based on their performative and moral reputation. KW - citizen participation KW - government policymaking KW - organizational reputation Y1 - 0023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523221132228 SN - 0020-8523 SN - 1461-7226 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Job satisfaction and the digital transformation of the public sector BT - the mediating role of job autonomy JF - Review of Public Personnel Administration N2 - Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector. KW - digital transformation KW - digital overload KW - job autonomy KW - job satisfaction KW - civil service survey Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221148403 SN - 0734-371X SN - 1552-759X PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Creativity in policy capacity BT - organizational and individual determinants JF - Public administration review N2 - Creativity is a crucial part of policy capacity in governments. Existing studies on creative behavior in the public sector assess employees' openness to new ideas and creative solutions, and they confirm the relevance of organizational and individual determinants for pro-creativity attitudes. Yet we lack systemic evidence on the explicit level of work-related creativity among policy officials in government organizations. At the same time, novel technologies and particularly social networking services change the working environment of policy officials radically, alter organizational features, and may also yield crucial individual effects. Our study analyses “policy creativity” of policy officials in three European governments. We demonstrate the importance of organizational and individual features, including the stress triggered by using social networking services. Our study captures officials' creativity explicitly and adds to debates on creativity and innovation in the public sector as well as the micro-level foundations of the digital transformation in the public sector. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13676 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal T1 - Political time in public bureaucracies BT - explaining variation of structural duration in European governments JF - Public administration review N2 - Structural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerialunits in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets’ ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for futureresearch that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13740 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 VL - 83 IS - 6 SP - 1813 EP - 1832 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Squatrito, Theresa A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Tallberg, Jonas T1 - Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD) JF - The review of international organizations N2 - There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs. KW - international organizations KW - policy KW - policy agendas KW - decision-making Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6 SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 19 SP - 117 EP - 146 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Squatrito, Theresa T1 - When are international organizations responsive to policy problems? JF - International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association N2 - When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the responsiveness of IOs from a large-n, comparative approach. Theoretically, we develop three alternative models of IO responsiveness, emphasizing severeness, dependence, and power differentials. Empirically, we focus on the domain of security, examining the responsiveness of eight multi-issue IOs to armed conflict between 1980 and 2015, using a novel and expansive dataset on IO policy decisions. Our findings suggest, first, that IOs are responsive to security problems and, second, that responsiveness is not primarily driven by dependence or power differentials but by problem severity. An in-depth study of the responsiveness of the UN Security Council using more granular data confirms these findings. As the first comparative study of whether and when IO policy adapts to problem severity, the article has implications for debates about IO responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad045 SN - 0020-8833 SN - 1468-2478 VL - 67 IS - 3 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duit, Andreas A1 - Lim, Sijeong A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - The state and the environment BT - environmental policy and performance in 37 countries 1970–2010 JF - Politics & policy N2 - The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making. KW - comparative environmental politics KW - ecological modernization KW - environmental degradation KW - environmental policy effects KW - environmental policy performance KW - national ecological footprint KW - policy output KW - regulation KW - state KW - treadmill of production KW - política ambiental comparada KW - modernización ecológica KW - huella ecológica KW - regulación estatal Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12561 SN - 1555-5623 SN - 1747-1346 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 1046 EP - 1068 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreke, Claudia A1 - Hungerland, Beatrice A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - Einleitung BT - Kindheitsmuster und die Erfahrung gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche JF - Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-5831-4 SN - 978-3-7799-6508-4 SP - 9 EP - 40 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreke, Claudia A1 - Hungerland, Beatrice A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - Ausblick BT - Anregungen für die kindheitsbezogene Forschung zur Corona-Krise unter Umbruchsperspektiven JF - Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6508-4 SN - 978-3-7799-5831-4 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kazepov, Yuri A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Is Vienna still a just city? BT - the challenges of transitions JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Ahn, Byeongsun T1 - Professionalisation, polarisation or both? BT - economic restructuring and new divisions of labour JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-10 SP - 99 EP - 114 PB - Routledge CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paasch, Jana T1 - Revisiting policy preferences and capacities in the EU BT - Multi-level policy implementation in the subnational authorities JF - Journal of common market studies : JCMS N2 - Research on multi-level implementation of EU legislation has almost exclusively focused on the national level, while little is known about the role of subnational authorities. Nevertheless, it is a prerequisite for the functioning of the European Union that all member states and their subnational authorities apply and enforce EU legislation in due time. I address this research gap and take a closer look at the legal transposition process in the German regional states. Using a novel data set comprising detailed information on about 700 subnational measures, I show that state-level variables, such as political preferences and ministerial resources, account for variation in the timing of legal transposition and repeatedly lead to subnational delay. To conclude, the paper addresses the role of subnational authorities in the EU multi-level system and points to their interest in shaping legal transposition in order to counterbalance their loss of competences to the national level. KW - European Union KW - transposition KW - EU directives KW - implementation measures KW - subnational authorities Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13286 SN - 0021-9886 SN - 1468-5965 VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 783 EP - 800 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Danielsen, Ole Andreas A1 - Fleischer, Julia T1 - The effects of political design and organizational dynamics on structural disaggregation and integration in Norway 1947-2019 JF - Governance : an international journal of policy and administration N2 - In countries with long-standing agency traditions, the creation of new agencies rarely comes as a large-scale reform but rather as one structural choice of many possible, most notably a ministerial division. In order to make sense of these choices, the article discusses the role of political design-focusing on the role of political motivations, such as ideological turnover, replacement risks and ideological stands toward administrative efficiency-and organizational dynamics-focusing on the role of administrative legacies and existing organizational palettes. The article utilizes data on organizational creations in the Norwegian central state between 1947 and 2019, in order to explore how political design and organizational dynamics help us understand the creation of agencies relative to ministry divisions over time. We find that political motives matter a great deal for the structural choices made by consecutive Norwegian governments, but that structural path dependencies may also be at play. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12669 SN - 1468-0491 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 299 EP - 320 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Harsch, Corinna A1 - Knobloch, Marcel A1 - Vogel, Johannes S. A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Schilling, Erik T1 - Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts. KW - sentiment analysis KW - German literature KW - dictionary KW - word embeddings KW - automated text analysis KW - computer-assisted text analysis KW - scaling method Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.886362 SN - 2624-909X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Patt, Anthony A1 - Bersalli, Germán T1 - On the quality of emission reductions BT - observed effects of carbon pricing on investments, innovation, and operational shifts. A response to van den Bergh and Savin (2021) JF - Environmental and Resource Economics N2 - To meet the Paris Agreement targets, carbon emissions from the energy system must be eliminated by mid-century, implying vast investment and systemic change challenges ahead. In an article in WIREs Climate Change, we reviewed the empirical evidence for effects of carbon pricing systems on technological change towards full decarbonisation, finding weak or no effects. In response, van den Bergh and Savin (2021) criticised our review in an article in this journal, claiming that it is "unfair", incomplete and flawed in various ways. Here, we respond to this critique by elaborating on the conceptual roots of our argumentation based on the importance of short-term emission reductions and longer-term technological change, and by expanding the review. This verifies our original findings: existing carbon pricing schemes have sometimes reduced emissions, mainly through switching to lower-carbon fossil fuels and efficiency increases, and have triggered weak innovation increases. There is no evidence that carbon pricing systems have triggered zero-carbon investments, and scarce but consistent evidence that they have not. Our findings highlight the importance of adapting and improving climate policy assessment metrics beyond short-term emissions by also assessing the quality of emission reductions and the progress of underlying technological change. KW - Carbon pricing KW - Climate policy KW - Decarbonisation KW - Technological change KW - Energy transition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-022-00708-8 SN - 0924-6460 SN - 1573-1502 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 733 EP - 758 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuttnauer, Or A1 - Wegmann, Simone T1 - Voting for Votes BT - opposition parties' legislative activity and electoral outcomes JF - American political science review N2 - Scholars frequently expect parties to act strategically in parliament, hoping to affect their electoral fortunes. Voters assumingly assess parties by their activity and vote accordingly. However, the retrospective voting literature looks mostly at the government's outcomes, leaving the opposition understudied. We argue that, for opposition parties, legislative voting constitutes an effective vote-seeking activity as a signaling tool of their attitude toward the government. We suggest that conflictual voting behavior affects voters through two mechanisms: as a signal of opposition valence and as means of ideological differentiation from the government. We present both aggregate- and individual-level analyses, leveraging a dataset of 169 party observations from 10 democracies and linking it to the CSES survey data of 27,371 respondents. The findings provide support for the existence of both mechanisms. Parliamentary conflict on legislative votes has a general positive effect on opposition parties' electoral performance, conditional on systemic and party-specific factors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000338 SN - 0003-0554 SN - 1537-5943 VL - 116 IS - 4 SP - 1357 EP - 1374 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fruhstorfer, Anna A1 - Hudson, Alexander T1 - Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits BT - should I stay or should I go? JF - Democratization N2 - As presidents approach the end of their constitutionally defined term in office, they face a number of difficulties, most importantly the deprivation of sources of power, personal enrichment, and protection from prosecution. This leads many of them to attempt to circumvent their term limits. Recent studies explain both the reasons for the extension or full abolition of term limits, and failed attempts to do so. Key explanations include electoral competition and the post-term fate of previous post holders. What we do not know yet is how compliance with term limits may be tied to the current president's expectations for their post-term fate. In particular, we do not know whether leaders who attempt to remove term limits and fail to do so jeopardize their post-term career as a result, and conversely, whether leaders who comply will have better outcomes in terms of security, prestige, and economic gain. Hence, we ask how the decision of a leader to comply or not comply with term limits is conditioned by the expectation of their post-term fate. To address this question, this article introduces new data on the career trajectories of term-limited presidents and its systematic effect on term limit compliance. KW - Presidents KW - head of state KW - term limits KW - executives KW - corruption KW - prestige KW - institutional change KW - constitutions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1960314 SN - 1351-0347 SN - 1743-890X VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 112 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - James, Oliver A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal T1 - The politics of government reorganization in Western Europe JF - Governance : an international journal of policy and administration and institutions N2 - The reorganization of governments is crucial for parties to express their policy preferences once they reach office. Yet these activities are not confined to the direct aftermath of general elections or to wide-ranging structural reforms. Instead, governments reorganize and adjust their machinery of government all the time. This paper aims to assess these structural choices with a particular focus at the core of the state, comparing four Western European democracies (Germany, France, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom) from 1980 to 2013. Our empirical analysis shows that stronger shifts in cabinets' ideological profiles in the short- and long-term as well as the units' proximity to political executives yield significant effects. In contrast, Conservative governments, commonly regarded as key promoters of reorganizing governments, are not significant for the likelihood of structural change. We discuss the effects of this politics of government reorganization for different research debates assessing the inner workings of governments. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12670 SN - 0952-1895 SN - 1468-0491 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 255 EP - 274 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Fleischer, Julia T1 - What's in a name? The politics of name changes inside bureaucracy JF - Public administration N2 - In this article, we examine the effects of political change on name changes of units within central government ministries. We expect that changes regarding the policy position of a government will cause changes in the names of ministerial units. To this end we formulate hypotheses combining the politics of structural choice and theories of portfolio allocation to examine the effects of political changes at the cabinet level on the names of intra-ministerial units. We constructed a dataset containing more than 17,000 observations on name changes of ministerial units between 1980 and 2013 from the central governments of Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We regress a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with population averaging models for binary outcomes. Finding variations across the three political-bureaucratic systems, we overall report positive effects of governmental change and ideological positions on name changes within ministries. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12827 SN - 0033-3298 SN - 1467-9299 VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 1091 EP - 1106 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Mit narrativen Medien lernen BT - Biografie, Belletristik, Musik, Spielfilm JF - Handbuch politische Bildung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7344-1362-9 SN - 978-3-7344-1363-6 SN - 978-3-7344-1380-3 SN - 1435-7526 SN - 2749-6473 SP - 476 EP - 483 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ET - 5., vollständig überarbeitete ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Einleitung zu Serene Khaders "Decolonizing universalism: transnational feminist ethic" BT - eine kritische Auseinandersetzung JF - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie N2 - Serene Khader ist eine der wenigen feministischen Philosoph:innen in der anglosächsischen Philosophie, die sich gezielt mit globaler Ungerechtigkeit und Imperialismus aus Sicht jener Frauen beschäftigen, die von kolonialer und kultureller Herrschaft betroffen sind. Hierbei entlarvt sie eindrucksvoll die oftmals westliche Prägung von Feminismus, Gleichstellungspolitik und Philosophie und verfolgt so das Ziel, die Autonomie und Entscheidungskraft aller Frauen anzuerkennen. So zielt Khader in Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die folgende Buchdiskussion begibt sich in eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Khaders interessanter wie wichtiger Theorie. Einleitend werden wir einen Überblick über Khaders Grundgedanken geben. Es schließen sich kritische Kommentare von Tamara Jugov, Mirjam Müller, Kerstin Reibold sowie Hilkje C. Hänel und Fabian Schuppert an, auf die Serene Khader abschließend antwortet. KW - Universalismus KW - Decoloniale Theorie KW - Feministische Philosophie KW - Anti-Imperialismus KW - Nicht-ideale Theorie KW - Serene Khader Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.12 SN - 2409-9961 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 305 EP - 314 PB - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung CY - Salzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - How can we become more equal? BT - public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany JF - Journal of European social policy N2 - This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality. KW - work-family policies KW - parental leave KW - childcare KW - working time KW - regulations KW - parenthood KW - working hours KW - gender equality KW - preferences KW - capabilities framework Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035701 SN - 0958-9287 SN - 1461-7269 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.908636 SN - 2624-909X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Connecting international relations and public administration BT - toward a joint research agenda for the study of international bureaucracy JF - International studies review N2 - The recent debate on administrative bodies in international organizations has brought forward multiple theoretical perspectives, analytical frameworks, and methodological approaches. Despite these efforts to advance knowledge on these actors, the research program on international public administrations (IPAs) has missed out on two important opportunities: reflection on scholarship in international relations (IR) and public administration and synergies between these disciplinary perspectives. Against this backdrop, the essay is a discussion of the literature on IPAs in IR and public administration. We found influence, authority, and autonomy of international bureaucracies have been widely addressed and helped to better understand the agency of such non-state actors in global policy-making. Less attention has been given to the crucial macro-level context of politics for administrative bodies, despite the importance in IR and public administration scholarship. We propose a focus on agency and politics as future avenues for a comprehensive, joint research agenda for international bureaucracies. N2 - El reciente debate sobre los organismos administrativos en las organizaciones internacionales ha generado diversas perspectivas teóricas, marcos analíticos y enfoques metodológicos. A pesar de estos esfuerzos por mejorar el conocimiento sobre estos actores, el programa de investigación sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales (International Public Administration, IPA) ha perdido dos oportunidades importantes: la reflexión sobre la erudición en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública y las sinergias entre estas perspectivas disciplinarias. Con este trasfondo, en el ensayo se analiza la literatura sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública. Descubrimos que la influencia, la autoridad y la autonomía de las burocracias internacionales se han abordado ampliamente y ayudaron a comprender mejor la función de dichos agentes no estatales en la formulación de políticas a nivel mundial. Se ha prestado menos atención al contexto clave a nivel macro de la política de los organismos administrativos, a pesar de su importancia en las relaciones internacionales y la erudición en la administración pública. Proponemos enfocarnos en la agencia y la política como futuras vías para implementar un programa de investigación conjunta y exhaustiva para las burocracias internacionales. N2 - Le récent débat sur les organes administratifs des organisations internationales a mis en avant plusieurs perspectives théoriques, cadres analytiques et approches méthodologiques. Malgré ces efforts pour faire progresser la connaissance de ces acteurs, le Programme de recherche sur les administrations publiques internationales a manqué deux opportunités majeures : une réflexion sur les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique ainsi que sur les synergies entre ces perspectives des disciplines. Cet essai s'appuie sur cette toile de fond pour établir une discussion au sujet de la littérature abordant les administrations publiques internationales dans les domaines des relations internationales et de l'administration publique. Nous avons constaté que l'influence, l'autorité et l'autonomie des bureaucraties internationales avaient été largement abordées, ce qui permettait de mieux comprendre le pouvoir de tels acteurs non-étatiques dans l’établissement des politiques internationales. Toutefois, malgré son importance dans les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique, une moins grande attention a été accordée au contexte macro des politiques des organes administratifs alors qu'il est crucial. Nous proposons de mettre l'accent sur le pouvoir et les politiques comme pistes futures pour un programme de recherche conjoint complet sur les bureaucraties internationales. KW - international bureaucracies KW - international organizations KW - public KW - administration KW - nonstate actors KW - palabras clave KW - burocracias internacionales KW - organizaciones internacionales KW - administración pública KW - agentes no estatales KW - mots clés KW - bureaucraties internationales KW - organisations internationales KW - administration publique KW - acteurs non-étatiques Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa097 SN - 1521-9488 SN - 1468-2486 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 1230 EP - 1247 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Measuring migration 2.0 BT - a review of digital data sources JF - Comparative migration studies : CMS N2 - The interest in human migration is at its all-time high, yet data to measure migration is notoriously limited. “Big data” or “digital trace data” have emerged as new sources of migration measurement complementing ‘traditional’ census, administrative and survey data. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of eight novel, digital data sources along five domains: reliability, validity, scope, access and ethics. The review highlights the opportunities for migration scholars but also stresses the ethical and empirical challenges. This review intends to be of service to researchers and policy analysts alike and help them navigate this new and increasingly complex field. KW - Migration KW - Big data KW - Digital trace KW - Measurement KW - Survey KW - Review Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00273-x SN - 2214-594X VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heintz, Bettina A1 - Wobbe, Theresa T1 - Vorwort JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : KZfSS T2 - Foreword Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-021-00740-4 SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 73 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Bernd A1 - Muster, Judith T1 - Postbürokratie und die agile Unsicherheitsabsorption in Interaktionen JF - Gruppe, Interaktion, Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie : GIO N2 - This article for the GIO-Journal proposes a perspective rooted in functional equivalence for the analysis of post-bureaucratic reforms that partly shift the organizational absorption of uncertainty to formal interactions of their members. Postbureaucracy tries to conceptualize organizational and societal changes throughout the second half of the 20th century. Agile management frameworks that multiply interactions between members of an organization can be treated as a phenomenon of postbureaucratic organizing. Drawing on systems theory this paper examines how postbureaucratic reforms trigger new uncertainties and how they are tackled by agile concepts of management. We will illustrate this by analyzing the agile concepts Scrum and Holacracy and show how relocation triggers new needs for formalization. Doing this we will focus on how interdependencies of communication in systems of interaction are centered in different dimensions. This paper advocates for a perspective on postbureaucracy in terms of functional equivalence to grasp the connection between the renouncement of formalization and the emergence of new needs for formalization. N2 - Dieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift GIO schlägt eine äquivalenzfunktionalistische Perspektive auf postbürokratische Reformen vor, die Teile der Unsicherheitsabsorption von Organisationen in Interaktionssysteme verlagern. Postbürokratie versucht, organisationale und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts auf den Begriff zu bringen. Auch aktuelle agile Managementkonzepte lassen sich der Postbürokratie zuordnen und zeichnen sich unter anderem durch eine Multiplikation von Interaktionen aus. Mithilfe der Theorie sozialer Systeme untersuchen wir wie neue Unsicherheiten in Organisationen durch postbürokratische Reformen entstehen und von agilen Managementkonzepten bearbeitet werden. An den agilen Konzepten Scrum und Holacracy wird gezeigt, dass diese Verlagerung neuen Formalisierungsbedarf produziert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Zentrierungen kommunikativer Interdependenzen in Interaktionen in der Sach‑, Zeit- und Sozialdimension. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine äquivalenzfunktionalistische Perspektive auf Postbürokratie, die den Zusammenhang von Formalisierungsverzicht in Organisationen und neuen Formalisierungsbedarfen als funktionalen Leistungszusammenhang begreift. T2 - Post-bureaucracy and the agile absorption of uncertainty through interaction KW - Post-bureaucracy KW - Hybridity KW - Interaction KW - Agile KW - Systems theory KW - Postbürokratie KW - Hybridität KW - Interaktion KW - Agilität KW - Systemtheorie Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-021-00599-1 SN - 2366-6145 SN - 2366-6218 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 649 EP - 657 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hecke, Steven van A1 - Fuhr, Harald A1 - Wolfs, Wouter T1 - The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic BT - the member states at a crossroads JF - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration N2 - Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management.
Points for practitioners
As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints. KW - autonomy KW - COVID-19 KW - crisis management KW - European Union KW - International KW - Monetary Fund KW - international organizations KW - multilateralism KW - World Bank KW - World Health Organization Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320984516 SN - 0020-8523 SN - 1461-7226 VL - 87 IS - 3 SP - 672 EP - 690 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wobbe, Theresa T1 - Die Differenz Haushalt vs. Markt als latentes Beobachtungsschema BT - Vergleichsverfahren der inter/nationalen Statistik (1882–1990) BT - Comparative operations of inter/national statistics (1882–1990) JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : KZfSS N2 - Ausgehend von der Teilung in nichtaktive (Haushalt) und aktive Bevölkerung (Markt) fragt der Beitrag nach der Rolle, die statistische Vergleichsverfahren bei dieser Grenzziehung in der Welt der Arbeit spielen. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund der Verzweigung von zwei strukturellen Entwicklungen, nämlich dem Wandel der (Arbeits‑)Welten und der statistischen Vergleichsverfahren. Der Beitrag gehört zu den ersten, der diese Nahtstelle systematisch und empirisch an der nationalen und internationalen (Beschäftigungs‑)Statistik untersucht. In diesem Beitrag schlage ich vor, die beiden Beobachtungsebenen als ein Feld der inter/nationalen Statistik zu verstehen. Ihre Ähnlichkeiten, Unterschiede und Verzweigungen werden soziologisch bislang noch nicht wahrgenommen. Im Unterschied dazu behandele ich sie aus einer wissensgeschichtlichen und wissenssoziologischen Perspektive gemeinsam hinsichtlich ihrer Selektionsleistungen, Beobachtungsinstrumente und Beschreibungsebenen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die zunehmende Spezifizierung und Ausdehnung der ökonomischen Dimension von Arbeitstätigkeiten, die durch die Ordnungstechniken der inter/nationalen Statistik, verstärkt nach 1945, forciert werden. Diese Verschiebungen, so das Argument, sind eng mit dem Aufstieg des technischen Wissens im „technical internationalism“ verbunden, die nach 1945 das statistische und das Alltagsverständnis von der wirtschaftlich nichtaktiven Haushaltsarbeit bekräftigen. N2 - Based on the division of "nonactive" (household) versus "active" (market) populations, this article discusses the role that statistical obversational schemata play in creating gendered boundaries in the world of work. I explore this riddle against the background of the interlacing of two structural developments, i.e., the changing worlds of work and the comparative procedures of employment statistics. The article is one of the first contributions to investigate this interface systematically and empirically using national and international statistics. Although predominantly considered in sociology without relation to each other, I propose to capture their similarities, differences, and entanglements between the two levels of description as common inter/national statistics. The contribution sheds light on them from a historical and sociological perspective with respect to their selection capacity, their level of observation, and their instruments. The results suggest that during the twentieth century-with intensification after 1945-there was increasing specification and extension of the economic meaning of "gainful employment." I argue that this shift is closely linked to the rise of "technical knowledge" and "technical internationalism" in confirming the everyday understanding of household work as economically "nonactive." T2 - The distinction of household vs. market as a latent obversational schema KW - Boundary-making of work KW - Statistical technologies of ordering KW - Gendered KW - categorization KW - Objectivation KW - Normalization KW - Grenzziehungen von Arbeit KW - Statistische Ordnungstechniken KW - Geschlechtliche Kategorisierung KW - Objektivierung KW - Normalisierung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-021-00746-y SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 73 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 195 EP - 222 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag A1 - Dunsch, Felipe Alexander T1 - The effect of peer-to-peer risk information on potential migrants BT - evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Senegal JF - World development : the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development N2 - In response to mounting evidence on the dangers of irregular migration from Africa to Europe, the number of information campaigns which aim to raise awareness about the potential risks has rapidly increased. Governments, international organizations and civil society organizations implement a variety of campaigns to counter the spread of misinformation accelerated by smuggling and trafficking networks. The evidence on the effects of such information interventions on potential migrants remains limited and largely anecdotal. More generally, the role of risk perceptions in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants is rarely explicitly tested, despite the fact that the concept of risk pervades conventional migration models, particularly in the field of economics. We address this gap by assessing the effects of a peer-to-peer information intervention on the perceptions, knowledge and intentions of potential migrants in Dakar, Senegal, using a randomized controlled trial design. The results show that - three months after the intervention - peer-to-peer information events increase potential migrants' subjective information levels, raise risk awareness, and reduce intentions to migrate irregularly. We find no substantial effects on factual migration knowledge. We discuss how the effects may be driven by the trust and identification-enhancing nature of peer-to-peer communication.
(c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Randomized controlled trial KW - Migration KW - Information KW - Decision-making KW - Communication for development KW - Peer-to-peer Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105488 SN - 0305-750X VL - 145 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Aporien des Rechts BT - Ferdinand von Schirachs Theaterstücke in der politischen Bildung JF - Zeitschrift für Menschenrechte KW - Menschenrechte KW - Religionsfreiheit KW - Verschwindenlassen KW - Folter KW - Lieferkettengesetz KW - Ferdinand von Schirach Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-7344-1405-3 SN - 1864-6492 SN - 2749-4845 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 196 EP - 206 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonomi Savignon, Andrea A1 - Meneguzzo, Marco A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Cepiku, Denita T1 - Guest editorial: Interinstitutional performance management BT - theory and practice of performance indicators at organizational boundaries JF - International journal of public sector management : IJPSM Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-03-2021-0057 SN - 0951-3558 SN - 1758-6666 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 241 EP - 246 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Büchner, Stefanie A1 - Dosdall, Henrik T1 - Organisation und Algorithmus BT - Wie algorithmische Kategorien, Vergleiche und Bewertungen durch Organisationen relevant gemacht werden BT - how organizations make algorithmic categories, comparisons, and evaluations relevant JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : KZfSS N2 - This article analyzes how organizations endow algorithms, which we understand as digital formats of observation, with agency, thus rendering them actionable. Our main argument is that the relevance of digital observation formats results from how organizations embed them in their decision architectures. We demonstrate this using the example of the Austrian Public Employment Service (AMS), which introduced an algorithm in 2018 to evaluate the chances of unemployed persons being reintegrated in the labor market. In this regard, the AMS algorithm serves as an exemplary case for the current trend among public organizations to harness algorithms for distributing limited resources in a purportedly more efficient way. To reconstruct how this is achieved, we delineate how the AMS algorithm categorizes, compares, and evaluates persons. Building on this, we demonstrate how the algorithmic model is integrated into the organizational decision architecture and thereby made actionable. In conclusion, algorithmic models like the AMS algorithm also pose a challenge for organizations because they mute chances for realizing organizational learning. We substantiate this argument with regard to the role of coproduction and the absence of clear causality in the field of (re)integrating unemployed persons in the labor market. N2 - Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert, wie Organisationen Algorithmen, die wir als digitale Beobachtungsformate verstehen, mit Handlungsfähigkeit ausstatten und damit actionable machen. Das zentrale Argument lautet, dass die soziale Relevanz digitaler Beobachtungsformate sich daraus ergibt, dass und wie sie in organisationale Entscheidungsarchitekturen eingebettet sind. Diesen Zusammenhang illustrieren wir am Beispiel des österreichischen Arbeitsmarktservice (AMS), der 2018 einen Algorithmus einführte, um die Integrationschancen arbeitsuchender Personen zu bewerten. Der AMS steht dabei stellvertretend für aktuelle Bestrebungen vieler Organisationen, algorithmische Systeme einzusetzen, um knappe öffentliche Ressourcen vermeintlich effizienter zu distribuieren. Um zu rekonstruieren, wie dies geschieht, zeigen wir, welche Operationen des Kategorisierens, Vergleichens und Bewertens das algorithmische Modell vollzieht. Darauf aufbauend demonstrieren wir, wie das algorithmische Modell in die organisationale Entscheidungsarchitektur eingebunden ist. Erst durch diese Einbindung – die Möglichkeit, Unterschiede für andere, relativ stabil erzeugte Entscheidungen zu machen – entfaltet das digitale Beobachtungsformat soziale Relevanz. Abschließend argumentieren wir, dass algorithmische Modelle, wie sie am Fall des AMS beobachtet werden können, dazu tendieren, sich in Organisationen zu stabilisieren. Dies begründen wir damit, dass die organisationalen Lernchancen im Umgang mit dem Algorithmus dadurch reduziert sind, dass dieser in einem Bereich zum Einsatz kommt, der durch Technologiedefizit und koproduktive Leistungserstellung geprägt ist. T2 - Organization and algorithm KW - Digitization KW - Public organizations KW - Algorithms KW - Organizational learning KW - Digital observation formats KW - Digitalisierung KW - Öffentliche Organisationen KW - Algorithmen KW - Organisationales Lernen KW - Digitale Beobachtungsformate Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-021-00752-0 SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 73 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 333 EP - 357 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Despite or because of contestation? BT - how water became a human right JF - Human rights quarterly : a comparative and international journal of the social sciences, humanities, and law N2 - Almost twenty years after its recognition in international human rights law, the human right to water continues to spark discussions about its scope and meaning. This article revisits the evolution and contestation of the right's first international legal framework, General Comment No. 15 from the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The analysis highlights the contestation of economic and social rights as a universal phenomenon at multiple levels, but argues that these meaning-making practices can support their validation and recognition. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2021.0021 SN - 0275-0392 SN - 1085-794X VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 329 EP - 343 PB - Johns Hopkins Univ. Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stecker, Christian A1 - Kachel, Jannis A1 - Paasch, Jana T1 - Muster der Landesgesetzgebung BT - eine Analyse aller Landesgesetze zwischen 1990–2020 BT - an analysis of all bills between 1990 and 2020 JF - Politische Vierteljahresschrift : PVS : German political science quarterly / hrsg. vom Vorstand der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politikwissenschaft N2 - This research note presents the first systematic documentation of the legislative process in the German state parliaments. The data set comprises 16,610 bills between 1990 and 2020. After a description of the data, we provide illustrative insights into the patterns of law-making. It is shown that these patterns are dominated by the new dualism between government and opposition. Furthermore, the incentives of issue competition are clearly present in the legislative initiatives. There is no evidence, however, for the expectation that intracoalitional policy distance prolongs the duration of legislative procedures. The published data provides scholars with the opportunity to investigate various additional research questions. N2 - Die vorliegende Research Note stellt die erste systematische Dokumentation der Gesetzgebung in den deutschen Landtagen vor. Der Datensatz umfasst insgesamt 16.610 dokumentierte Gesetzgebungsvorgänge zwischen den Jahren 1990 und 2020. Nach einer Beschreibung des Datensatzes werden einige Gesetzgebungsmuster in den deutschen Ländern exemplarisch dargestellt. Die Landesgesetzgebung erweist sich dabei als stark durch den neuen Dualismus zwischen Regierung und Opposition geprägt. Im Initiativverhalten lassen sich zudem die Anreize des thematischen Parteienwettbewerbs ablesen. Wenig Evidenz findet sich für die These, dass innerkoalitionäre Gegensätze die Dauer der Gesetzgebungsverfahren in die Länge ziehen. Der mit dieser Research Note veröffentlichte Datensatz steht der Forschung für die Untersuchung zahlreicher weiterer Fragestellungen zur Verfügung. T2 - Patterns of law-making in the German States KW - Legislative process KW - Regional states KW - Multilevel system KW - Federalism KW - Germany KW - Gesetzgebung KW - Bundesländer KW - Landtage KW - Föderalismus KW - Mehrebenensystem Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-021-00307-0 SN - 0032-3470 SN - 1862-2860 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 307 EP - 324 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Zur Auferlegung systemischer Finanzrisiken BT - moralische Unzulässigkeit und staatliche Sorgfaltspflicht JF - Zeitschrift für politische Theorie N2 - Obwohl seit der Finanzkrise 2008 systemische Finanzrisiken das Objekt zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Studien waren, hat die Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen und Umständen die Auferlegung eines systemischen Finanzrisikos moralisch unzulässig ist, bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, eine Reihe von normativen Kriterien für die Einschätzung der moralischen Unzulässigkeit von systemischen Risiken zu entwickeln. Darüber hinaus wird argumentiert, dass staatliche und andere relevante Institutionen zwei zentrale Pflichten hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit systemischen Finanzrisiken haben: eine Schutzpflicht gegenüber allen Bürger*innen und eine Sorgfaltspflicht, um die diesen Institutionen obliegenden Kontroll- und Aufsichtsfunktionen verantwortungsvoll auszuüben. KW - Systemisches Risiko KW - Nicht-Beherrschung KW - Republikanismus KW - Risikoauferlegung KW - Finanzrisiken Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v12i1.05 SN - 1869-3016 SN - 2196-2103 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 83 PB - Barbara Budrich CY - Leverkusen-Opladen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Squatrito, Theresa A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Lundgren, Magnus T1 - Decision-making in international organizations BT - institutional design and performance JF - The review of international organizations N2 - International organizations (IOs) experience significant variation in their decision-making performance, or the extent to which they produce policy output. While some IOs are efficient decision-making machineries, others are plagued by deadlock. How can such variation be explained? Examining this question, the article makes three central contributions. First, we approach performance by looking at IO decision-making in terms of policy output and introduce an original measure of decision-making performance that captures annual growth rates in IO output. Second, we offer a novel theoretical explanation for decision-making performance. This account highlights the role of institutional design, pointing to how majoritarian decision rules, delegation of authority to supranational institutions, and access for transnational actors (TNAs) interact to affect decision-making. Third, we offer the first comparative assessment of the decision-making performance of IOs. While previous literature addresses single IOs, we explore decision-making across a broad spectrum of 30 IOs from 1980 to 2011. Our analysis indicates that IO decision-making performance varies across and within IOs. We find broad support for our theoretical account, showing the combined effect of institutional design features in shaping decision-making performance. Notably, TNA access has a positive effect on decision-making performance when pooling is greater, and delegation has a positive effect when TNA access is higher. We also find that pooling has an independent, positive effect on decision-making performance. All-in-all, these findings suggest that the institutional design of IOs matters for their decision-making performance, primarily in more complex ways than expected in earlier research. KW - international organizations KW - institutional design KW - decision-making KW - global governance KW - performance Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09445-x SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 815 EP - 845 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöniger, Franziska A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Resch, Gustav A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Making the sun shine at night BT - comparing the cost of dispatchable concentrating solar power and photovoltaics with storage JF - Energy sources. B, Economics, planning and policy N2 - Sustainable electricity systems need renewable and dispatchable energy sources. Solar energy is an abundant source of renewable energy globally which is, though, by nature only available during the day, and especially in clear weather conditions. We compare three technology configurations able to provide dispatchable solar power at times without sunshine: Photovoltaics (PV) combined with battery (BESS) or thermal energy storage (TES) and concentrating solar power (CSP) with TES. Modeling different periods without sunshine, we find that PV+BESS is competitive for shorter storage durations while CSP+TES gains economic advantages for longer storage periods (also over PV+TES). The corresponding tipping points lie at 2-3 hours (current cost), and 4-10 hours if expectations on future cost developments are taken into consideration. PV+TES becomes only more competitive than CSP+TES with immense additional cost reductions of PV. Hence, there remain distinct niches for two technologies: PV+BESS for short storage durations and CSP+TES for longer ones. KW - Concentrating solar power (CSP) KW - dispatchable renewable electricity KW - thermal energy storage KW - photovoltaics KW - utility-scale batteries KW - flexibility KW - energy system modeling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2020.1843565 SN - 1556-7249 SN - 1556-7257 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 74 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Effects of coordinating support policy changes on renewable power investor choices in Europe JF - Energy policy : the international journal of the political, economic, planning, environmental and social aspects of energy N2 - The economic context for renewable power in Europe is shifting: feed-in tariffs are replaced by auctioned premiums as the main support schemes. As renewables approach competitiveness, political pressure mounts to phase out support, whereas some other actors perceive a need for continued fixed-price support. We investigate how the phase-out of support or the reintroduction of feed-in tariffs would affect investors' choices for renewables through a conjoint analysis. In particular, we analyse the impact of coordination - the simultaneousness - of policy changes across countries and technologies. We find that investment choices are not strongly affected if policy changes are coordinated and returns unaffected. However, if policy changes are uncoordinated, investments shift to still supported - less mature and costlier - technologies or countries where support remains or is reintroduced. This shift is particularly strong for large investors and could potentially skew the European power mix towards an over-reliance on a single, less mature technology or specific generation region, resulting in a more expensive power system. If European countries want to change their renewable power support policies, and especially if they phase out support and expose renewables to market competition, it is important that they coordinate their actions. KW - Policy change KW - Policy coordination KW - Renewable energy KW - Investment KW - decision KW - Choice experiment KW - Adaptive conjoint analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111993 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 148 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha T1 - Clubs of autocrats BT - regional organizations and authoritarian survival JF - The review of international organizations N2 - While scholars have argued that membership in Regional Organizations (ROs) can increase the likelihood of democratization, we see many autocratic regimes surviving in power albeit being members of several ROs. This article argues that this is the case because these regimes are often members in "Clubs of Autocrats" that supply material and ideational resources to strengthen domestic survival politics and shield members from external interference during moments of political turmoil. The argument is supported by survival analysis testing the effect of membership in autocratic ROs on regime survival between 1946 to 2010. It finds that membership in ROs composed of more autocratic member states does in fact raise the likelihood of regime survival by protecting incumbents against democratic challenges such as civil unrest or political dissent. However, autocratic RO membership does not help to prevent regime breakdown due to autocratic challenges like military coups, potentially because these types of threats are less likely to diffuse to other member states. The article thereby adds to our understanding of the limits of democratization and potential reverse effects of international cooperation, and contributes to the literature addressing interdependences of international and domestic politics in autocratic regimes. KW - regional organizations KW - authoritarian resilience KW - democratization KW - survival analysis KW - domestic politics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09428-y SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 485 EP - 511 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stones, Rob A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Successful societies BT - Decision-making and the quality of attentiveness JF - The British journal of sociology : BJS online N2 - Combining moral philosophy with sociological theory to build on themes introduced in Hall and Lamont’s Successful Societies (2009), the paper outlines a distinctive perspective. It holds that a necessary condition of successful societies is that decision-makers base their decisions on a high level of attentiveness (concern and comprehension) towards subjectively valued and morally legitimate forms of life. Late modern societies consist of a plurality of forms of life, each providing grounds for what Alasdair MacIntyre has called internal goods—valued and morally valuable practices. The status of such goods is examined, and distinctions are drawn between their manifest and latent, and transposable and situationally specific, characteristics. We integrate this refined idea of internal goods into a developed conception of habitus that is both morally informed and situationally embedded. The sociological approach of strong structuration theory (SST) is employed to demonstrate how this conception of habitus can guide the critique of decision-making that damages internal goods. We identify the most pervasive and invidious forms of damaging decision-making in contemporary societies as those involving excessive forms of instrumental reasoning. We argue that our developed conception of habitus, anchored in the collectively valued practices of specific worlds, can be a powerful focus for resistance. Accounts of scholarship in higher education and of the white working class in America illustrate the specificities of singular, particular, social worlds and illuminate critical challenges raised by the perspective we advocate. KW - excessive instrumental reasoning KW - internal goods KW - moral philosophy KW - situationally-specific habitus KW - strong structuration theory (SST) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12724 SN - 0007-1315 SN - 1468-4446 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 183 EP - 199 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin T1 - Global-local dynamics in anti-feminist discourses BT - an analysis of Indian, Russian and US online communities JF - International affairs N2 - Women's rights are a core part of a global consensus on human rights. However, we are currently experiencing an increasing popularity of anti-feminist and misogynist politics threatening to override feminist gains. In order to help explain this current revival and appeal, in this article I analyse how anti-feminist communities construct their collective identities at the intersection of local and global trends and affiliations. Through an in-depth analysis of representations in the collective identities of six popular online anti-feminist communities based in India, Russia and the United States, I shed light on how anti-feminists discursively construct their anti-feminist 'self' and the feminist 'other' between narratives of localized resistance to change and backlash against the results of broader societal developments associated with globalization. The results expose a complex set of global-local dynamics, which provide a nuanced understanding of the differences and commonalities of anti-feminist collective identity-building and mobilization processes across contexts. By explicitly focusing on the role of discursively produced locations for anti-feminist identity-building and providing new evidence on anti-feminist communities across three different continents, the article contributes to current discussions on transnational anti-feminist mobilizations in both social movement studies and feminist International Relations. KW - International Relations Theory KW - Americas KW - South Asia KW - Russia and Eurasia Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa130 SN - 0020-5850 SN - 1468-2346 VL - 96 IS - 5 SP - 1367 EP - 1385 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobzien, Licia A1 - Kalleitner, Fabian T1 - Attitudes towards European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic BT - evidence from a net-contributor country JF - European societies N2 - Whilst the Covid-19 pandemic affects all European countries, the ways in which these countries are prepared for the health and subsequent economic crisis varies considerably. Financial solidarity within the European Union (EU) could mitigate some of these inequalities but depends upon the support of the citizens of individual member states for such policies. This paper studies attitudes of the Austrian population - a net-contributor to the European budget - towards financial solidarity using two waves of the Austrian Corona Panel Project collected in May and June 2020. We find that individuals (i) who are less likely to consider the Covid-19 pandemic as a national economic threat, (ii) who believe that Austria benefits from supporting other countries, and (iii) who prefer the crisis to be organized more centrally at EU-level show higher support for European financial solidarity. Using fixed effects models, we further show that perceiving economic threats and preferring central crisis management also explain attitude dynamics within individuals over time. We conclude that cost-benefit perceptions are important determinants for individual support of European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic. KW - Covid-19 KW - financial solidarity KW - European Union KW - Austria Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1836669 SN - 1461-6696 SN - 1469-8307 VL - 23 IS - Sup. 1 SP - S791 EP - S804 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Labordena Mir, Mercè A1 - Pfenninger, Stefan A1 - Thonig, Richard T1 - The near- to mid-term outlook for concentrating solar power BT - mostly cloudy, chance of sun JF - Energy sources. B, Economics, planning and policy N2 - The history of concentrating solar power (CSP) is characterized by a boom-bust pattern caused by policy support changes. Following the 2014-2016 bust phase, the combination of Chinese support and several low-cost projects triggered a new boom phase. We investigate the near- to mid-term cost, industry, market and policy outlook for the global CSP sector and show that CSP costs have decreased strongly and approach cost-competitiveness with new conventional generation. Industry has been strengthened through the entry of numerous new companies. However, the project pipeline is thin: no project broke ground in 2019 and only four projects are under construction in 2020. The only remaining large support scheme, in China, has been canceled. Without additional support soon creating a new market, the value chain may collapse and recent cost and technological advances may be undone. If policy support is renewed, however, the global CSP sector is prepared for a bright future. KW - concentrating solar power KW - technological learning KW - value chain analysis KW - energy policy KW - industry development Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2020.1773580 SN - 1556-7249 SN - 1556-7257 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 41 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallraf, Wolfram T1 - Strategische Autonomie Europas BT - (Wie) Kann das gehen? JF - WeltTrends das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2020 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 28 IS - 159 SP - 50 EP - 53 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramakrishnan, Anjali A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Ahmad, Sohail A1 - Creutzig, Felix T1 - Keeping up with the Patels BT - conspicuous consumption drives the adoption of cars and appliances in India JF - Energy research & social science N2 - End-users base their consumption decisions not only on available budget and direct use value, but also on their social environment. The underlying social dynamics are particularly important in the case of consumer goods that implicate high future energy demand and are, hence, also key for climate mitigation. This paper investigates the impact of social factors, with a focus on 'status perceptions', on car and appliance ownerships by urban India households. Using two rounds of the household-level data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS, 2005 and 2012), we test for the impact of social factors in addition to economic, demographic, locational, and housing on ownership levels. Starting with factor analysis to categorise appliances by their latent characteristics, we then apply the bivariate ordered probit model to identify drivers of consumption among the urban households. We find that while income and household demographics are predominant drivers of car and appliance uptake, the household's perception of status, instrumented by a variable measuring expenditure on conspicuous consumption, emerges as a key social dimension influencing the uptake. The results indicate how households identify themselves in society influences their corresponding car and appliance consumption. A deeper understanding of status-based consumption is, therefore, essential to designing better demand-side solutions to low carbon consumption. KW - Residential energy demand KW - Perceived socioeconomic status KW - Social KW - drivers KW - Energy policy KW - Car ownership KW - Appliance diffusion Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101742 SN - 2214-6296 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 70 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tröndle, Tim A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Marelli, Stefano A1 - Pfenninger, Stefan T1 - Trade-offs between geographic scale, cost, and infrastructure requirements for fully renewable electricity in Europe JF - Joule N2 - The European potential for renewable electricity is sufficient to enable fully renewable supply on different scales, from self-sufficient, subnational regions to an interconnected continent. We not only show that a continental-scale system is the cheapest, but also that systems on the national scale and below are possible at cost penalties of 20% or less. Transmission is key to low cost, but it is not necessary to vastly expand the transmission system. When electricity is transmitted only to balance fluctuations, the transmission grid size is comparable to today's, albeit with expanded cross-border capacities. The largest differences across scales concern land use and thus social acceptance: in the continental system, generation capacity is concentrated on the European periphery, where the best resources are. Regional systems, in contrast, have more dispersed generation. The key trade-off is therefore not between geographic scale and cost, but between scale and the spatial distribution of required generation and transmission infrastructure. KW - energy decarbonization KW - self-sufficiency KW - cooperation KW - trade KW - transmission KW - regional equity KW - land use KW - acceptance KW - flexibility Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.018 SN - 2542-4351 VL - 4 IS - 9 SP - 1929 EP - 1948 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge , Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis JF - Survey research methods KW - COVID-19 KW - Survey Research Methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 94 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Konstanz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sælen, Håkon A1 - Hovi, Jon A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. A1 - Underdal, Arild T1 - How US withdrawal might influence cooperation under the Paris climate agreement JF - Environmental science & policy N2 - Using a novel agent-based model, we study how US withdrawal might influence the political process established by the Paris Agreement, and hence the prospects for reaching the collective goal to limit warming below 2 degrees C. Our model enables us to analyze to what extent reaching this goal despite US withdrawal would place more stringent requirements on other core elements of the Paris cooperation process. We find, first, that the effect of a US withdrawal depends critically on the extent to which member countries reciprocate others' promises and contributions. Second, while the 2 degrees C goal will likely be reached only under a very small set of conditions in any event, even temporary US withdrawal will further narrow this set significantly. Reaching this goal will then require other countries to step up their ambition at the first opportunity and to comply nearly 100% with their pledges, while maintaining high confidence in the Paris Agreements institutions. Third, although a US withdrawal will first primarily affect the United States' own emissions, it will eventually prove even more detrimental to other countries' emissions. KW - climate change KW - Paris agreement KW - President Trump KW - 2 degrees C target KW - agent-based modeling KW - reciprocity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.011 SN - 1462-9011 SN - 1873-6416 VL - 108 SP - 121 EP - 132 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - „Aber gehn Sie ins Theater, ich rat es Ihnen!“ BT - das Theater als außerschulischer politischer Lernort JF - Politisches Lernen N2 - In der Ausgabe Politisches Lernen 1-2|2019 setzte sich Kurt P. Tudyka mit dem Verhältnis von Theater und Politik auseinander. Er gelangte zu dem ernüchternden Resümee: „Der Anspruch, Theater sei die Schule der Nation, – soweit er überhaupt noch besteht –, müsste aufgegeben werden.“ (S. 32) In Tudykas Einführung hieß es bereits: „Eine politisierende Wirkung auf das Publikum wird bestritten.“ (S. 30) Vor diesem Hintergrund könnte bei Lehrerinnen und Lehrern der Politischen Bildung der Eindruck entstehen, ein Besuch im Theater mit Schülerinnen und Schülern sei didaktisch nicht sinnvoll. Dagegen wird im folgenden Beitrag die Auffassung vertreten, dass ein Theaterbesuch mit den Lernenden durchaus mit Erkenntnisgewinnen, seien sie politisch oder über das Politische hinausweisend, verbunden sein kann. Der Beitrag stellt eine gekürzte Fassung des Textes „Theater und politische Bildung“ dar, der in Markus Gloe / Tonio Oeftering (Hrsg.): Politische Bildung meets Kulturelle Bildung, Baden-Baden (Nomos) 2020, erscheinen wird. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.budrich-journals.de/index.php/pl/article/view/38713/32951 SN - 0937-2946 SN - 2750-1965 VL - 38 IS - 1+2 SP - 32 EP - 35 PB - Barbara Budrich CY - Leverkusen-Opladen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - 1960er: Aufwind für die Politische Bildung BT - zwischen Affirmation und Kritik JF - Geschichte der politischen Bildung N2 - Zur Jahreswende 1959/60 sorgten Hakenkreuzschmierereien an jüdischen Einrichtungen in Köln und anderswo für Entsetzen und Empörung. Diese Vorkommnisse machten bewusst, was im Verlauf der 1960er Jahre zu einem Politikum für die jüngere Generation werden sollte: Die mangelnde Aufarbeitung der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit. Diese Thematik sowie der von den USA in Vietnam geführte Krieg stellten mobilisierende Faktoren für die Herausbildung einer außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO) in der Bundesrepublik dar, die sich in der zweiten Hälfte der 1960er Jahre verbreitert. Prof. Ingo Juchler beschreibt den Weg der Politischen Bildung durch die 60er Jahre und die Entwicklung hin zur sog. „didaktischen Wende“. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://profession-politischebildung.de/grundlagen/geschichte/affirmation-kritik/ PB - Bundesausschuss Politische Bildung (bap) e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Zur Mensch-Tier-Beziehung in der politischen Bildung JF - Wie geht gute politische Bildung? N2 - Eigentlich leben wir heute im Holozän, dem Erdzeitalter, das mit dem Ende der letzten großen Eiszeit vor etwa 12.000 Jahren seinen Ausgang nahm. Doch seit geraumer Zeit ist in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit die Rede vom Anthropozän als der vom Menschen bestimmten gegenwärtigen Epoche. Mit der Begriffsschöpfung soll der gravierende Einfluss des Menschen auf die Umwelt zum Ausdruck gebracht werden, der sich nicht zuletzt in der Versauerung der Meere, im Artensterben und Klimawandel äußert. Doch wie spiegelt sich diese Erkenntnis in der Politischen Bildung wider? Y1 - 2020 UR - https://profession-politischebildung.de/grundlagen/bildungsbereiche/mensch-tier/ PB - Bundesausschuss Politische Bildung (bap) e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Patt, Anthony A1 - Bersalli, German T1 - The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization BT - a review of empirical ex-post evidence JF - Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change N2 - In order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net-zero carbon emissions around mid-century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex-post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high-price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short-term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero-carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero-carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation KW - carbon pricing KW - climate policy KW - decarbonization KW - technological change Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.681 SN - 1757-7780 SN - 1757-7799 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinwächter, Lutz T1 - Militante Verantwortungslosigkeit JF - WeltTrends das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-947802-32-6 VL - 28 IS - 159 SP - 68 EP - 69 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies JF - Survey research methods N2 - This paper examines and discusses the biases and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions that are currently being used in many medical, epidemiological, and sociological studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the consistency of answers to retrospective questions provided by respondents who participated in the first two waves of a survey on the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, we illustrate the insights generated by a large body of survey research on the use of retrospective questions and recall accuracy. KW - COVID-19 KW - retrospective questions KW - recall accuracy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7741 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 113 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Konstanz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Commentary zu: Schaurer, Ines; Weiß, Bernd: Investigating selection bias of online surveys on coronavirus-related behavioral outcomes JF - Survey research methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7751 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 108 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Schmidt, Tobias S. A1 - Steffen, Bjarne T1 - Understanding and accounting for the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on global learning rates JF - Nature energy N2 - Learning rates are a central concept in energy system models and integrated assessment models, as they allow researchers to project the future costs of new technologies and to optimize energy system costs. Here we argue that exchange rate fluctuations are an important, but thus far overlooked, determinant of the learning-rate variance observed in the literature. We explore how empirically observed global learning rates depend on where technologies are installed and which currency is used to calculate the learning rate. Using global data of large-scale photovoltaic (>= 5 MW) plants, we show that the currency choice can result in learning-rate differences of up to 16 percentage points. We then introduce an adjustment factor to correct for the effect of exchange rate and market focus fluctuations and discuss the implications of our findings for innovation scholars, energy modellers and decision makers.
Learning rates are a measure of reduction in costs of energy from technologies such as solar photovoltaics. These are often estimated internationally with all monetary figures converted to a single currency, often US dollars. Lilliestam et al. show that such conversions can significantly affect the learning rate estimates. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0531-y SN - 2058-7546 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 78 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Friends or foes? BT - Political synergy or competition between renewable energy and energy efficiency policy JF - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management N2 - Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin-as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them. KW - energy efficiency KW - renewable energy KW - climate policy KW - policy cycle KW - EU KW - policy competition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236339 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Reith, Florian T1 - Mixed methods for research into higher education BT - Solving the problem of institutionalized introspection? JF - Theory and method in higher education research N2 - Mixed methods approaches have become increasingly relevant in social sciences research over the last few decades. Nevertheless, we show that these approaches have rarely been explicitly applied in higher education research. This is somewhat surprising because mixed methods and empirical research into higher education seem to be a perfect match for several reasons: (1) the role of the researcher, which is associated with strong intersections between the research subject and the research object; (2) the research process, which relies on concepts and theories that are borrowed from other research fields; and (3) the research object, which exhibits unclear techniques in teaching and learning, making it difficult to grasp causalities between input and results. Mixed methods approaches provide a suitable methodology to research such topics. Beyond this, potential future developments underlining the particular relevance of mixed methods approaches in higher education are discussed. KW - Mixed methods KW - methodology KW - empirical research KW - higher education KW - qualitative research KW - quantitative research Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-83867-841-8 SN - 978-1-83867-842-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-375220190000005008 SN - 2056-3752 VL - 5 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heucher, Angela T1 - Evolving Order? Inter-Organizational Relations in the Organizational JF - Forum for Development Studies N2 - Global food security governance is fraught with fragmentation, overlap and complexity. While calls for coordination and coherence abound, establishing an inter-organizational order at this level seems to remain difficult. While the emphasis in the literature has so far been on the global level, we know less about dynamics of inter-organizational relations in food security governance at the country level, and empirical studies are lacking. It is this research gap the article seeks to address by posing the following research question: In how far does inter-organizational order develop in the organizational field of food security governance at the country level? Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on sociological institutionalism, and on work on inter-organizational relations. Empirically, the article conducts an exploratory case study of the organizational field of food security governance in Côte d’Ivoire, building on a qualitative content analysis of organizational documents covering a period from 2003 to 2016 and semi-structured interviews with staff of international organizations from 2016. The article demonstrates that not all of the developments attributed to food security governance at the global level play out in the same way at the country level. Rather, in the case of Côte d’Ivoire there are signs for a certain degree of coherence between IOs in the field of food security governance and even for an – albeit limited – division of labour. However, this only holds for specific dimensions of the inter-organizational order and appears to be subject to continuous contestation and reinterpretation under the surface. KW - inter-organizational relations KW - international organizations KW - organizational fields KW - inter-organizational order KW - food security governance Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2018.1562962 SN - 0803-9410 SN - 1891-1765 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 501 EP - 526 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fitzi, Gregor T1 - Max Weber’s concept of ‘modern politics JF - Journal of Classical Sociology N2 - In a critical approach to Mommsen’s classical thesis, which states the dependence of Weber’s sociology on his political position, the article reconstructs the foundation of Weber’s ‘The Profession and Vocation of Politics’ on his sociological analyses of the political domain in the manuscripts for the posthumous publication of Economy and Society. The first two pages of his 1919 lecture particularly show that Weber can fall back on the definitions of State and politics that he had already developed for his political sociology. Yet, to appreciate the full extent of this theoretical contribution, it is necessary to present Weber’s entire ideal-typical analysis of the political. The article then shows that Weber provides an unlabelled definition of ‘modern politics’ that negates ante litteram Carl Schmitt’s foundation of politics on the idea of enmity. In this context, Weber’s sound plea for parliamentarism and against the fascination of civil war comes to the fore that he wanted to deliver to his audience of young revolutionaries in January 1919. KW - Carl Schmitt KW - civil war KW - concept of the political KW - Max Weber KW - monopoly of legitimate use of force KW - parliamentarism KW - political sociology KW - revolution KW - violence Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X19851368 SN - 1468-795X SN - 1741-2897 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 376 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland JF - Comparative Sociology N2 - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular. KW - low-wage employment KW - gender inequality KW - labor market KW - Germany KW - Austria KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507 SN - 1569-1322 SN - 1569-1330 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 488 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Ansmann, Moritz A1 - Pohlenz, Philipp T1 - Institutional isomorphism, entrepreneurship and effectiveness BT - the adoption and implementation of quality management in teaching and learning in Germany JF - Tertiary Education and Management N2 - This paper presents empirical evidence on the adoption, implementation and the perceived effectiveness of quality management in teaching and learning in German higher education institutions. Theoretically, the article combines two new institutionalist approaches: institutional isomorphism and institutional entrepreneurship. Empirically, the study refers to qualitative interview data and quantitative survey data. The analysis reveals that isomorphism is a leading driver behind the adoption of quality management in German higher education institutions, whereas institutional entrepreneurship plays an important role in quality management implementation. While isomorphism can be regarded as a conclusive reason behind the absence of a perception of quality management’s effectiveness, institutional entrepreneurship may function as a corrective towards the overall negative impact of isomorphic conformity by institutionalizing quality management in a sustainable manner. KW - Higher education KW - Quality management KW - Quality assurance KW - New institutionalism KW - Isomorphism KW - Institutional entrepreneurship Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09022-3 SN - 1358-3883 SN - 1573-1936 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 129 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Werte und Wertebildung - einleitende Bemerkungen und empirischer Kontext JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - A predisposition to brutality? BT - german practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 and their JF - Small wars and insurgencies N2 - The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-a-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war. KW - Francs-tireurs KW - levee en masse KW - myth of Franktireurkrieg KW - Franco-Prussian War KW - Geneva convention of 1864 KW - Landwehr KW - siege of Paris 1870 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551 SN - 0959-2318 SN - 1743-9558 VL - 30 IS - 4-5 SP - 968 EP - 993 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yılmaz, Zafer A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Turkey’s deepening authoritarianism and the fall of electoral democracy JF - British journal of Middle Eastern studies Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1642662 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 691 EP - 698 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Generalists and specialists in executive politics: Why ambitious meta-policies so often fail JF - Public administration N2 - This article contributes to the politics of policy‐making in executive government. It introduces the analytical distinction between generalists and specialists as antagonistic players in executive politics and develops the claim that policy specialists are in a structurally advantaged position to succeed in executive politics and to fend off attempts by generalists to influence policy choices through cross‐cutting reform measures. Contrary to traditional textbook public administration, we explain the views of generalists and specialists not through their training but their positions within an organization. We combine established approaches from public policy and organization theory to substantiate this claim and to define the dilemma that generalists face when developing government‐wide reform policies (‘meta‐policies’) as well as strategies to address this problem. The article suggests that the conceptual distinction between generalists and specialists allows for a more precise analysis of the challenges for policy‐making across government organizations than established approaches. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12614 SN - 0033-3298 SN - 1467-9299 VL - 97 IS - 4 SP - 845 EP - 860 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yilmaz, Zafer T1 - The genesis of the ‘Exceptional’ Republic BT - the permanency of the political crisis and the constitution of legal emergency power in Turkey JF - British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies N2 - Almost half of the political life has been experienced under the state of emergency and state of siege policies in the Turkish Republic. In spite of such a striking number and continuity in the deployment of legal emergency powers, there are just a few legal and political studies examining the reasons for such permanency in governing practices. To fill this gap, this paper aims to discuss one of the most important sources of the ‘permanent’ political crisis in the country: the historical evolution of legal emergency power. In order to highlight how these policies have intensified the highly fragile citizenship regime by weakening the separation of power, repressing the use of political rights and increasing the discretionary power of both the executive and judiciary authorities, the paper sheds light on the emergence and production of a specific form of legality based on the idea of emergency and the principle of executive prerogative. In that context, it aims to provide a genealogical explanation of the evolution of the exceptional form of the nation-state, which is based on the way political society, representation, and legitimacy have been instituted and accompanying failure of the ruling classes in building hegemony in the country. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1634393 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 714 EP - 734 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaya, Muzaffer T1 - The potentials and challenges of left populism in Turkey BT - the case of the peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) JF - British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies N2 - In spring 2015, Turkey witnessed the unexpected rise of the HDP, founded by the Kurdish Liberation Movement together with the Turkish radical left, against President Erdoğan’s authoritarian rule. In this article, I will employ contemporary literature on left populism to explain the HDP’s rise as an alternative left hegemonic project against the neoliberal authoritarianism that Erdoğan represents. After discussing the historical context from which the HDP emerged and grew, I will evaluate its discourse and strategies based on a conceptualization of left-wing populism. Lastly, I will discuss the challenges that the HDP confronted after the June 2015 elections and the differences between the Turkish and Western European contexts for a left-wing populist strategy. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1634398 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 797 EP - 812 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Anne-Kathrin A1 - Krause, Tobias A. A1 - Vogel, Dominik T1 - Making performance Pay Work BT - The Impact of Transparency, Participation, and Fairness on Controlling Perception and Intrinsic Motivation JF - Review of Public Personnel Administration N2 - Performance pay has been one of the main trends in public sector reform over the last decade and aims to increase employees’ motivation. However, positive results are sparse. In a majority of cases, pay scheme designers neglect that intrinsic motivation may be distorted by the introduction of extrinsic rewards (crowding out). Nevertheless, under certain conditions, performance pay schemes may also enhance intrinsic motivation (crowding-in). The perception of rewards has proven to be an especially crucial factor for the outcome of performance pay. Based on psychological contract theory, this paper analyzes the relationships between intrinsic motivation, public service motivation (PSM), personality characteristics, and the design of the performance- appraisal scheme. The empirical analysis relies on a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Model findings reveal that a fair, participatory, and transparent design reduces the controlling perception while fostering the intrinsic motivation of employees. In addition, participants who score high on neuroticism perceive performance pay schemes to be more controlling and have lower values of intrinsic motivation. KW - performance pay KW - motivation crowding KW - performance-related pay KW - rewards KW - performance rating KW - performance appraisals Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17715502 SN - 0734-371X SN - 1552-759X VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 232 EP - 255 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - A Nineteenth-Century Turning Point BT - Nietzsche, Weber, Freud and Mill JF - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - Happiness as the ultimate goal of human endeavour is a thread running through theology and philosophy from the ancient Greeks to modern times. Such a claim raises immediately a host of critical objections and problems relating to the idea of cultural relativism. Can the theme of happiness be continuous and how would we know that? One way to overcome this dilemma is to identify ‘regimes of happiness’ – that is, clusters of ideas, practices and institutions that in one way or another connect to broad ideas of human wellbeing, flourishing and satisfaction or Eudaimonia to use the word that dominates Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Contreras- Vejar and Turner, 2018). Contemporary discussions of happiness almost invariably start with Aristotle (Nagel, 1972). However, the methodology here is to some extent borrowed from Michel Foucault to understand the ‘genealogy’ of happiness across different social and cultural formations. In the Western world one could identify an Aristotelian regime of happiness based on the idea of a sound polity and flourishing citizens. There is also a Christian regime of happiness around such figures as St. Augustine and within which there have been radical shifts most notably brought about by Luther and the Protestant Reformation. Regimes of happiness can overlap with each other and their borders are obviously fuzzy. Some regimes may last a long time in various forms. For example, Aristotle's treatment of happiness is one of the most cited versions of happiness across the West. The idea of happiness is, however, not confined to the West. For example, the Vietnamese Constitution that was devised by Ho Chi Minh, an admirer of America society, crafted the 1945 Constitution with three key words as its primary values – Independence–freedom–happiness (or niem hanh phuc). The 2013 version of the Constitution in Article 3 says, ‘The state guarantees […] that people enjoy what is abundant and free for a happy life with conditions for all- round development.’ One further notion behind our discussion of ‘regimes of happiness’ is that in principle we can detect important shifts in regimes that are associated both with specific networks of individual thinkers, and with institutional changes in the location of intellectuals in these networks. In this chapter I am especially interested in the transitions in thinking about happiness from the late eighteenth century and through the nineteenth century. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 235 EP - 248 PB - Anthem Press. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bansard, Jennifer S. A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Kern, Kristine T1 - Pathways to urban sustainability BT - How science can contribute to sustainable development in cities JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Recent years have seen a considerable broadening of the ambitions in urban sustainability policy-making. With its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, the 2030 Agenda stresses the critical role of cities in achieving sustainable development. In the context of SDG17 on partnerships, emphasis is also placed on the role of researchers and other scientific actors as change agents in the sustainability transformation. Against this backdrop, this article sheds light on different pathways through which science can contribute to urban sustainability. In particular, we discern four forms of science-policy-society interactions as key vectors: 1. sharing knowledge and providing scientific input to urban sustainability policy-making; 2. implementing transformative research projects; 3. contributing to local capacity building; and 4. self-governing towards sustainability. The pathways of influence are illustrated with empirical examples, and their interlinkages and limitations are discussed. We contend that there are numerous opportunities for actors from the field of sustainability science to engage with political and societal actors to enhance sustainable development at the local level. KW - cities KW - science-policy interactions KW - SDG 11 KW - sustainable development KW - urban sustainability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.28.2.9 SN - 0940-5550 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 112 EP - 118 PB - Oekom Verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagemann, Claudius A1 - Grote, Jürgen R. T1 - Countermovement formation in times of radical change JF - Social Movements and Organized Labour. Passions and Interests Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-315-60955-3 SN - 978-1-4724-7204-5 SP - 211 EP - 222 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yaka, Özge T1 - Gender and framing BT - gender as a main determinant of frame variation in Turkey's anti-hydropower movement JF - Women's Studies International Forum N2 - Framing literature has so far failed to construct gender as an analytical category that shapes the ways in which we perceive, identify and act upon grievances. This article builds on the insights of feminist theory and employs the conceptual vocabulary of the social movement framing perspective in maintaining gender as a main parameter of framing processes. Drawing on ethnographic research on local community struggles against hydropower plants in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, this article maintains the centrality of gender to framing processes. It analyzes the gendered difference between men’s macro-framings and women’s cultural and socio-ecological framings, which is rooted in their differing relationships with their immediate environment, as well as with the state and its institutions. The article maintains that the framings of women, which represent the immediacy of the environment, are more effective in gaining public support and shaping movement outcomes. In this sense, constructing gender as an important determinant of “frame variation” is essential not only to reveal women’s frames that are largely silenced through and within the mechanisms of social movement organization, but also to stress their centrality in shaping repertoires of contention, public reception and movement outcomes. KW - Gender KW - Social movements KW - Framing KW - Turkey KW - Hydropower Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.03.002 SN - 0277-5395 VL - 74 SP - 154 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Wolf, Margarita A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Werte, Wertebildung und ihre interdisziplinäre Deutung JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 285 EP - 307 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Werte und Wertebildung in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 239 EP - 264 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Girnus, Luisa T1 - Anforderungen an politische Legitimation im gesellschaftlichen Wandel und dessen Verhältnis zum politischen Lernen JF - Gesellschaft im Wandel : neue Aufgaben für die politische Bildung und ihre Didaktik Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7344-0827-4 SP - 77 EP - 85 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen A1 - Sawert, Tim A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Des Kaisers alte Kleider: Fiktion und Wirklichkeit des Nutzens von Lateinkenntnissen T1 - The Emperor’s Old Clothes: Fiction and Reality of the Benefits of Knowledge of Latin JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Obwohl Latein eine nicht mehr gesprochene Sprache ist und ihr deswegen kein kommunikativer Nutzen zukommt, ist die Anzahl der Latein als Schulfach wählenden Schüler im Zeitverlauf angestiegen. Mehrere Studien haben zudem gezeigt, dass Lateinkenntnisse weder das logische Denken, noch den Erwerb anderer Sprachen, noch das Gespür für die grammatikalische Struktur der Muttersprache verbessern. Auch wenn sich empirisch keine Vorteile des Erwerbs alter Sprachen nachweisen lassen, können Menschen subjektiv an solche Vorteile glauben und ihr Verhalten an ihrer Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit ausrichten. Auf der Basis einer unter Eltern von Gymnasialschülern durchgeführten Befragung zeigen wir, dass Latein umfassende Transfereffekte zugeschrieben und Personen mit Lateinkenntnissen positiver bewertet werden als Personen mit Kenntnissen moderner Sprachen. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass die „Illusio“ der Vorteile von Latein zwar in allen Bildungsgruppen wirksam ist, doch besonders von den Hochgebildeten vertreten wird. Sie arbeiten damit an der Konstruktion einer Realität, von der sie selbst die größten Nutznießer sind, indem sie Latein als symbolisches Kapital verwenden. N2 - Although Latin is a non-spoken language and therefore has no communicative value, the number of students choosing Latin as a foreign language at school has increased over time. Several studies have shown that learning Latin does neither improve logical thinking, nor the acquisition of other foreign languages, nor linguistic abilities in the mother tongue. Despite the empirical lack of benefits associated with the acquisition of ancient languages, people might believe in such benefits and behave in accordance with their construction of reality. Based on a survey conducted among parents of students at German high schools ("Gymnasium"), we show that parents extensively attribute transfer effects to learning Latin. Furthermore, people with knowledge of Latin are rated more positively than those with knowledge of modern languages with respect to their general and cultural education, as well as their social status. We also demonstrate that although the illusory of the benefits of Latin is prevalent in all educational groups, it is particularly pronounced among the higher educated. They construct a social reality of which they are the greatest beneficiaries by using Latin as a symbolic capital. KW - Education KW - Latin KW - Thomas theorem KW - Symbolic capital KW - Bildung KW - Latein KW - Thomas-Theorem KW - Symbolisches Kapital Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-019-00624-8 SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 309 EP - 326 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenninger, Helena Eva A1 - Krasnova, Hanna A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - Understanding the role of social networking sites in the subjective well-being of users BT - a diary study JF - European Journal of Information Systems N2 - Given the rising popularity of social networking sites (SNSs), the influence of these platforms on the subjective well-being (SWB) of their users is an emerging topic in information systems research. Building on the norm of reciprocity and the social functional approach to positive emotions, we posit that targeted reciprocity-evoking forms of SNS activities are best suited to promote users’ positive emotions. The favourable potential of these activities is likely to be particularly pronounced among adolescents who pay special attention to social acceptance, which can be channelled with the help of reciprocal communication. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative 7-day diary study of 162 adolescent Facebook users attending German schools, looking at the impact of their daily SNS activities on their SWB. Based on a linear mixed model analysis, our results confirm a positive link between targeted reciprocity-evoking activities – such as chatting, giving and receiving feedback – and adolescents’ positive emotions. Our findings provide a reassuring perspective on the implications of the sociotechnical design of SNS communication channels. Specifically, by encouraging targeted activities, providers, users, and other stakeholders can ensure the beneficial impact of this technology on users’ SWB. KW - non-targeted SNS activities KW - norm of reciprocity KW - social functional approach to positive emotions KW - adolescents KW - subjective well-being Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2018.1496883 SN - 0960-085X SN - 1476-9344 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 126 EP - 148 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christians, Heiko T1 - Kultur und Gefahr BT - einleitende Bemerkungen über ein Thema Jose Ortega y Gassets JF - Gefahr oder Risiko : zur Geschichte von Kalkül und Einbildungskraft Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7705-6425-5 SP - 9 EP - 26 PB - Fink CY - Paderborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dusin, Raik A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Die Zeitreihenstudie "Jugend in Brandenburg" BT - Methodische Rahmen und Untersuchungsanlage der Erhebungswelle 2017 JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bredow, Bianca A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Werte, Zukunftserwartungen und Migration JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 15 EP - 59 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidpeter, Eva A1 - Koch, Gabriele T1 - Familie und famililiäre Belastungen JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 61 EP - 86 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dusin, Raik A1 - Süßmilch, Michel A1 - Bredow, Bianca T1 - Politische Partizip und die EU als Lebenswelt JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 113 EP - 147 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Julia A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Risikoverhalten und Delinquenz JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 149 EP - 182 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pommerening, Markus A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Jugendgewalt und Reaktionen des sozialen Umfelds T2 - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 183 EP - 222 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Jana A1 - Büttner, Mareike A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Rechtsextremismus und Ausländerfeindlichkeit JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 223 EP - 258 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichert, Conrad A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Schulqualität und Schulschwänzen JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 259 EP - 295 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - Wertebilung in der Schule JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 79 EP - 96 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Designing Democratic Constitutions BT - The Search for Optimality JF - Politics and Governance N2 - This article analyses salient trade-offs in the design of democracy. It grounds this analysis in a distinction between two basic models of democracy: simple and complex majoritarianism. These models differ not only in their electoral and party systems, but also in the style of coalition-building. Simple majoritarianism concentrates executive power in a single majority party; complex majoritarianism envisions the formation of shifting, issue-specific coalitions among multiple parties whose programs differ across multiple conflict dimensions. The latter pattern of coalition formation is very difficult to create and sustain under pure parliamentary government. A separation of powers between executive and legislature can facilitate such a pattern, while also achieving central goals of simple majoritarianism: identifiable cabinet alternatives before the election and stable cabinets afterward. The separation of powers can thus balance simple and complex majoritarianism in ways that are unavailable under parliamentarism. The article also compares the presidential and semi-parliamentary versions of the separation of powers. It argues that the latter has important advantages, e.g., when it comes to resolving inter-branch deadlock, as it avoids the concentration of executive power in a single human being. KW - electoral systems KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - semi-parliamentary government Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i4.2239 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 253 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thielicke, Hubert T1 - Washington will Nuklearabkommen zu Fall bringen JF - WeltTrends das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-945802-07-4 VL - 27 IS - 153 SP - 36 EP - 40 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dorband, Ira Irina A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph T1 - Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle-income countries - A global comparative analysis JF - World development N2 - Even though concerns about adverse distributional implications for the poor are one of the most important political challenges for carbon pricing, the existing literature reveals ambiguous results. For this reason, we assess the expected incidence of moderate carbon price increases for different income groups in 87 mostly low- and middle-income countries. Building on a consistent dataset and method, we find that for countries with per capita incomes of below USD 15,000 per year (at PPP-adjusted 2011 USD) carbon pricing has, on average, progressive distributional effects. We also develop a novel decomposition technique to show that distributional outcomes are primarily determined by differences among income groups in consumption patterns of energy, rather than of food, goods or services. We argue that an inverse U-shape relationship between energy expenditure shares and income explains why carbon pricing tends to be regressive in countries with relatively higher income. Since these countries are likely to have more financial resources and institutional capacities to deal with distributional issues, our findings suggest that mitigating climate change, raising domestic revenue and reducing economic inequality are not mutually exclusive, even in low- and middle-income countries. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - Carbon pricing KW - Distributional effect KW - Decomposition analysis KW - Global comparison KW - Household data KW - Low- and middle-income countries Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.015 SN - 0305-750X VL - 115 SP - 246 EP - 257 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rasche, Christoph A1 - Herrmann, Konstantin T1 - Freizeit, Medien und Sport JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 87 EP - 112 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter A1 - Weber, Anja T1 - The many faces of sustainability-conscious consumers BT - a category-independent typology JF - Journal of Business Research N2 - Responding to the global call for a "sustainable economy" requires meaningful insights into sustainability-conscious consumers and their actual buying behaviors. Sustainable consumption is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon because it encompasses several distinct behavioral patterns and consumption types. Therefore, companies are well advised to recognize multiple types of sustainability-conscious consumers with different expectations, attitudes, and values and to implement targeting strategies that do not rest on the assumption of homogeneity. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide a more fine-grained picture of (un)sustainable consumer segments and their differentiated effects in different product markets. Based on three large datasets, we create a robust six-segment typology of consumer consciousness regarding sustainable consumption. By using panel data on actual purchases, the results show not only that sustainability concerns significantly positively influence actual sustainable purchases, as expected, but also that sustainable buying can occur independently of sustainability concerns. KW - Sustainability KW - Consumer typology KW - Consciousness regarding sustainable KW - consumption KW - Purchasing panel data KW - Human values Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.022 SN - 0148-2963 SN - 1873-7978 VL - 91 SP - 83 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER -