TY - JOUR
A1 - Xu, Ying
T1 - Study on transport mechanism of m5C-edited mRNAs
Y1 - 2022
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adair, Gigi
A1 - McLaughlin, Carly
T1 - Beyond humanitarianism
BT - reading counternarratives of forced migration from the global south
JF - Narrating Flight and Asylum
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-86821-965-4
SP - 165
EP - 182
PB - Trier
CY - WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vilk, Ohad
A1 - Aghion, Erez
A1 - Avgar, Tal
A1 - Beta, Carsten
A1 - Nagel, Oliver
A1 - Sabri, Adal
A1 - Sarfati, Raphael
A1 - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1 - Weiß, Matthias
A1 - Krapf, Diego
A1 - Nathan, Ran
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Assaf, Michael
T1 - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT - from molecules to migrating storks
JF - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2 - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park, MD
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Waller, Nicole
T1 - Marronage or underground?
BT - the black geographies of Colson Whitehead's The Underground Railroad and Ta-Nehisi Coates's The Water Dancer
JF - MELUS : multi-ethnic literature of the U.S. / Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
N2 - I combine a reading of contemporary scholarship on US maroon histories and the Underground Railroad—and the concomitant notions of marronage and the underground—with a reading of two recent works of African American literature: Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) and Ta-Nehisi Coates’s The Water Dancer (2019). Foregrounding the idea of Black geographies as a form of placemaking and “thinking otherwise” about land and water, I suggest that despite the differing, and at times contrasting, trajectories of maroon histories and the histories of Black flight to the North, African American maroon experiences and the Underground Railroad are conceptually connected in contemporary African American literature. I read the two novels as recent literary expressions of this conceptual link, which is played out via representations of relating to the land. By reimagining and intertwining marronage and the underground, both novels articulate a critique of settler-colonial and plantation modes of spatial practice, modes they identify as formative for US-American nationhood. They also, tentatively but forcefully, gesture toward alternative ways of being “above” and “below” the land while affirming African American connectedness to place.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlac021
SN - 0163-755X
SN - 1946-3170
VL - 47
IS - 1
SP - 45
EP - 70
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Penschke, Christopher
A1 - Edler von Zander, Robert
A1 - Beqiraj, Alkit
A1 - Zehle, Anna
A1 - Jahn, Nicolas
A1 - Neumann, Rainer
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
T1 - Water on porous, nitrogen-containing layered carbon materials
BT - the performance of computational model chemistries
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry
N2 - Porous, layered materials containing sp(2)-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms, offer through their tunable properties, a versatile route towards tailormade catalysts for electrochemistry and photochemistry. A key molecule interacting with these quasi two-dimensional materials (2DM) is water, and a photo(electro)chemical key reaction catalyzed by them, is water splitting into H-2 and O-2, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as half reactions. The complexity of some C/N-based 2DM in contact with water raises special needs for their theoretical modelling, which in turn is needed for rational design of C/N-based catalysts. In this work, three classes of C/N-containing porous 2DM with varying pore sizes and C/N ratios, namely graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), C2N, and poly(heptazine imides) (PHI), are studied with various computational methods. We elucidate the performance of different models and model chemistries (the combination of electronic structure method and basis set) for water and water fragment adsorption in the low-coverage regime. Further, properties related to the photo(electro)chemical activity like electrochemical overpotentials, band gaps, and optical excitation energies are in our focus. Specifically, periodic models will be tested vs. cluster models, and density functional theory (DFT) vs. wavefunction theory (WFT). This work serves as a basis for a systematic study of trends for the photo(electro)chemical activity of C/N-containing layered materials as a function of water content, pore size and density.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00657j
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 24
SP - 14709
EP - 14726
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Can rolling composite wildflower blocks increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes better than wildflowers strips?
JF - Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
N2 - Biodiversity and abundance of wildlife has dramatically declined in agricultural landscapes. Sown, short-lived wildflower (WF) strips along the margins of crop fields are a widespread and often subsidised in agri-environmental schemes, intended to enhance biodiversity, provide refuges for wild plant and arthropod populations and to provide ecosystem services to crops. Meanwhile, WF elements are also criticised, since their functionality decreases with plant succession, the removal of aged WF strip poses an ecological trap for the attracted arthropod populations and only common and mobile species benefit. Further, insects in WF strips are impacted by pesticides from agricultural fields due to shared boundaries with crop fields and by edge effects. The performance of the measure could be improved by combining several WF strips of different successional stages, each harbouring a unique community of plants and arthropods, into persistent, composite WF block, where successional stages exist in parallel. Monitoring data on many taxa in the literature shows, that a third of species are temporarily present in an ageing WF stip, thus offering composite WF blocks should increase cumulative species richness by 28%-39% compared to annual richness in WF strips. Persistence of composite WF blocks would offer reliable refuge for animal and plant populations, also supporting their predators and herbivores. Further, WF blocks have less boundaries to crops compared to WF strips of the same area, and are less impacted by edge effects and pesticides. Policy implications. Here I suggest a change of conservation practice changing from successional WF strips to composite WF blocks. By regular removal and replacement of aged WF strips either within the block (rotational) or at its margins (rolling), the habitat heterogeneity in composite WF block could be perpetuated. Rolling composite WF blocks change locations over years, and the original location can be reconverted to arable land while a nearby WF block is still available to wildlife. A change in agricultural schemes would be necessary, since in some European countries clustered WF strips are explicitly not subsidised.
KW - AES
KW - agriculture
KW - biodiversity
KW - CAP
KW - conservation scheme
KW - field margins
KW - insects
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14147
SN - 0021-8901
SN - 1365-2664
VL - 59
IS - 5
SP - 1172
EP - 1177
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lood, Kajsa
A1 - Tikk, Triin
A1 - Krüger, Mandy
A1 - Schmidt, Bernd
T1 - Methylene capping facilitates cross-metathesis reactions of enals
BT - a short synthesis of 7-methoxywutaifuranal from the xylochemical isoeugenol
JF - The journal of organic chemistry
N2 - Four combinations of type-I olefins isoeugenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene with type-II olefins acrolein and crotonaldehyde were investigated in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions. While both type-I olefins are suitable CM partners for this transformation, we observed synthetically useful conversions only with type-II olefin crotonaldehyde. For economic reasons, isoeugenol, a cheap xylochemical available from renewable lignocellulose or from clove oil, is the preferred type-I CM partner. Nearly quantitative conversions to coniferyl aldehyde by the CM reaction of isoeugenol and crotonaldehyde can be obtained at ambient temperature without a solvent or at high substrate concentrations of 2 mol.L-1 with the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Under these conditions, the ratio of reactants can be reduced to 1:1.5 and catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol % are possible. The high reactivity of the isoeugenol/crotonaldehyde combination in olefin metathesis reactions was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the natural product 7-methoxywutaifuranal, which was obtained from isoeugenol in a 44% yield over five steps. We suggest that the superior performance of crotonaldehyde in the CM reactions investigated can be rationalized by "methylene capping", i.e., the steric stabilization of the propagating Ru-alkylidene species.
KW - Aldehydes
KW - Catalysts
KW - Hydrocarbons
KW - Metathesis
KW - Mixtures
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02851
SN - 0022-3263
SN - 1520-6904
VL - 87
IS - 5
SP - 3079
EP - 3088
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mattis, Toni
A1 - Beckmann, Tom
A1 - Rein, Patrick
A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert
T1 - First-class concepts
BT - Reified architectural knowledge beyond dominant decompositions
JF - Journal of object technology : JOT / ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
N2 - Ideally, programs are partitioned into independently maintainable and understandable modules. As a system grows, its architecture gradually loses the capability to accommodate new concepts in a modular way. While refactoring is expensive and not always possible, and the programming language might lack dedicated primary language constructs to express certain cross-cutting concerns, programmers are still able to explain and delineate convoluted concepts through secondary means: code comments, use of whitespace and arrangement of code, documentation, or communicating tacit knowledge.
Secondary constructs are easy to change and provide high flexibility in communicating cross-cutting concerns and other concepts among programmers. However, such secondary constructs usually have no reified representation that can be explored and manipulated as first-class entities through the programming environment.
In this exploratory work, we discuss novel ways to express a wide range of concepts, including cross-cutting concerns, patterns, and lifecycle artifacts independently of the dominant decomposition imposed by an existing architecture. We propose the representation of concepts as first-class objects inside the programming environment that retain the capability to change as easily as code comments. We explore new tools that allow programmers to view, navigate, and change programs based on conceptual perspectives. In a small case study, we demonstrate how such views can be created and how the programming experience changes from draining programmers' attention by stretching it across multiple modules toward focusing it on cohesively presented concepts. Our designs are geared toward facilitating multiple secondary perspectives on a system to co-exist in symbiosis with the original architecture, hence making it easier to explore, understand, and explain complex contexts and narratives that are hard or impossible to express using primary modularity constructs.
KW - software engineering
KW - modularity
KW - exploratory programming
KW - program
KW - comprehension
KW - remodularization
KW - architecture recovery
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2022.21.2.a6
SN - 1660-1769
VL - 21
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
CY - Zürich
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaya, Adem
A1 - Freitag, Melina A.
T1 - Conditioning analysis for discrete Helmholtz problems
JF - Computers and mathematics with applications : an international journal
N2 - In this paper, we examine conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem. Although the discrete Helmholtz problem has been studied from different perspectives, to the best of our knowledge, there is no conditioning analysis for it. We aim to fill this gap in the literature. We propose a novel method in 1D to observe the near-zero eigenvalues of a symmetric indefinite matrix. Standard classification of ill-conditioning based on the matrix condition number is not true for the discrete Helmholtz problem. We relate the ill-conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem with the condition number of the matrix. We carry out analytical conditioning analysis in 1D and extend our observations to 2D with numerical observations. We examine several discretizations. We find different regions in which the condition number of the problem shows different characteristics. We also explain the general behavior of the solutions in these regions.
KW - Helmholtz problem
KW - Condition number
KW - Ill-conditioning
KW - Indefinite
KW - matrices
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2022.05.016
SN - 0898-1221
SN - 1873-7668
VL - 118
SP - 171
EP - 182
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Giraudier, Manon
A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1 - Burger, Andreas M.
A1 - Claes, Nathalie
A1 - D'Agostini, Martina
A1 - Fischer, Rico
A1 - Franssen, Mathijs
A1 - Kaess, Michael
A1 - Koenig, Julian
A1 - Liepelt, Roman
A1 - Nieuwenhuis, Sander
A1 - Sommer, Aldo
A1 - Usichenko, Taras
A1 - Van Diest, Ilse
A1 - von Leupoldt, Andreas
A1 - Warren, Christopher Michael
A1 - Weymar, Mathias
T1 - Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis
JF - Brain Stimulation
N2 - Background
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet.
Methods
The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release.
Results
While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity.
Conclusion(s)
Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
KW - Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation
KW - tVNS
KW - sAA
KW - Noradrenaline
KW - Biomarker
KW - Data pooling
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009
SN - 1876-4754
VL - 15
SP - 1378
EP - 1388
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY, USA
ET - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wutzler, Bianca
A1 - Hudson, Paul
A1 - Thieken, Annegret
T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF - Frontiers in Water
N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW - risk management
KW - climate change adaptation
KW - floods
KW - disaster risk reduction
KW - Germany
KW - precaution
KW - emergency management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN - 2624-9375
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Parry, Victor
A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
T1 - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator
BT - A Case Study of Rotifera
JF - Biology
N2 - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW - animal behaviour
KW - transgenerational response
KW - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW - video analysis
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN - 2079-7737
VL - 11
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes
T1 - Kiss me (not!), Cressida - or: the social touch of lips and tongue
JF - Arcadia : international journal of literary culture
N2 - The article is dedicated to the problem of social bonds that is negotiated in Troilus and Cressida. Troilus and Ulysses embody an old, traditional order of the world that is out of joint, while Cressida's behaviour and her way of interacting indicate a different and new regime of social regulation that is about to take over. With its complex superposition of (touches of) love and war, Troilus and Cressida brings together rituals of touch, anarchic speech acts, and a gendered perspective on the world that associates touch and temporality with 'frail' femininity and temptation. With unrivalled intensity, the play puts to the spectator that the basic condition of touch, i.e. exposing oneself to another, entails an incalculable risk. Hector tragically falls for the vulnerability inherent in touch and the audience suffers with him because they share this existential precondition on which modern society is 'founded.' The gloomy, inescapable atmosphere of societal crisis that Troilus and Cressida creates emphasises the fact that the fragility of touch is not to be overcome. The fractions - no matter whether Greek, Trojan, or those of loving couples - cannot simply be reunited to form a new, authentic entity. Generating at least some form of social cohesion therefore remains a challenge.
KW - Friedrich Nietzsche
KW - Carl Schmitt
KW - social cohesion
KW - Troilus and
KW - Cressida
KW - touch
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2022-9051
SN - 0003-7982
SN - 1613-0642
VL - 57
IS - 1
SP - 25
EP - 46
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bekir, Marek
A1 - Sharma, Anjali
A1 - Umlandt, Maren
A1 - Lomadze, Nino
A1 - Santer, Svetlana
T1 - How to make a surface act as a micropump
JF - Advanced materials interfaces
N2 - In this paper, the phenomenon of light-driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long-range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro-sized objects trapped near a solid wall is investigated. The range of the DO flow extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The "fuel" of the light-driven DO flow is a photosensitive surfactant which can be photo-isomerized between trans and cis-states. The trans-isomer tends to accumulate at the interface, while the cis-isomer prefers to stay in solution. In combination with a dissimilar photo-isomerization rate at the interface and in bulk, this yields a concentration gradient of the isomers around single particles resulting in local light-driven diffusioosmotic (l-LDDO) flow. Here, the extended analysis of the l-LDDO flow as a function of irradiation parameters by introducing time-dependent development of the concentration excess of isomers near the particle surface is presented. It is also demonstrated that the l-LDDO can be generated at any solid/liquid interface being more pronounced in the case of strongly absorbing material. This phenomenon has plenty of potential applications since it makes any type of surface act as a micropump.
KW - azobenzene containing surfactant
KW - light-driven diffusioosmosis
KW - rate of
KW - photo-isomerization
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202102395
SN - 2196-7350
VL - 9
IS - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prasse, Paul
A1 - Iversen, Pascal
A1 - Lienhard, Matthias
A1 - Thedinga, Kristina
A1 - Herwig, Ralf
A1 - Scheffer, Tobias
T1 - Pre-Training on In Vitro and Fine-Tuning on Patient-Derived Data Improves Deep Neural Networks for Anti-Cancer Drug-Sensitivity Prediction
JF - MDPI
N2 - Large-scale databases that report the inhibitory capacities of many combinations of candidate drug compounds and cultivated cancer cell lines have driven the development of preclinical drug-sensitivity models based on machine learning. However, cultivated cell lines have devolved from human cancer cells over years or even decades under selective pressure in culture conditions. Moreover, models that have been trained on in vitro data cannot account for interactions with other types of cells. Drug-response data that are based on patient-derived cell cultures, xenografts, and organoids, on the other hand, are not available in the quantities that are needed to train high-capacity machine-learning models. We found that pre-training deep neural network models of drug sensitivity on in vitro drug-sensitivity databases before fine-tuning the model parameters on patient-derived data improves the models’ accuracy and improves the biological plausibility of the features, compared to training only on patient-derived data. From our experiments, we can conclude that pre-trained models outperform models that have been trained on the target domains in the vast majority of cases.
KW - deep neural networks
KW - drug-sensitivity prediction
KW - anti-cancer drugs
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163950
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 16
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stiegler, Jonas
A1 - Lins, Alisa
A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1 - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1 - Blaum, Niels
T1 - Personality drives activity and space use in a mammalian herbivore
JF - Movement Ecology
N2 - Background
Animal personality has emerged as a key concept in behavioral ecology. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of personality traits on behavioral patterns, its quantification, especially in wild animal populations, remains a challenge. Only a few studies have established a link between personality and recurring movements within home ranges, although these small-scale movements are of key importance for identifying ecological interactions and forming individual niches. In this regard, differences in space use among individuals might reflect different exploration styles between behavioral types along the shy-bold continuum.
Methods
We assessed among-individual differences in behavior in the European hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic mammalian herbivore in agricultural landscapes using a standardized box emergence test for captive and wild hares. We determined an individuals’ degree of boldness by measuring the latencies of behavioral responses in repeated emergence tests in captivity. During capture events of wild hares, we conducted a single emergence test and recorded behavioral responses proven to be stable over time in captive hares. Applying repeated novel environment tests in a near-natural enclosure, we further quantified aspects of exploration and activity in captive hares. Finally, we investigated whether and how this among-individual behavioral variation is related to general activity and space use in a wild hare population. Wild and captive hares were treated similarly and GPS-collared with internal accelerometers prior to release to the wild or the outdoor enclosure, respectively. General activity was quantified as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) obtained from accelerometers. Finally, we tested whether boldness explained variation in (i) ODBA in both settings and (ii) variation in home ranges and core areas across different time scales of GPS-collared hares in a wild population.
Results
We found three behavioral responses to be consistent over time in captive hares. ODBA was positively related to boldness (i.e., short latencies to make first contact with the new environment) in both captive and wild hares. Space use in wild hares also varied with boldness, with shy individuals having smaller core areas and larger home ranges than bold conspecifics (yet in some of the parameter space, this association was just marginally significant).
Conclusions
Against our prediction, shy individuals occupied relatively large home ranges but with small core areas. We suggest that this space use pattern is due to them avoiding risky, and energy-demanding competition for valuable resources. Carefully validated, activity measurements (ODBA) from accelerometers provide a valuable tool to quantify aspects of animal personality along the shy-bold continuum remotely. Without directly observing—and possibly disturbing—focal individuals, this approach allows measuring variability in animal personality, especially in species that are difficult to assess with experiments. Considering that accelerometers are often already built into GPS units, we recommend activating them at least during the initial days of tracking to estimate individual variation in general activity and, if possible, match them with a simple novelty experiment. Furthermore, information on individual behavioral types will help to facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive spatial and ecological dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.
KW - Animal personality
KW - Movement ecology
KW - Inter-individual differences
KW - ODBA
KW - Energy expenditure
KW - European hare
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00333-6
SN - 2051-3933
VL - 10
PB - BioMed Central (BMC), Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Lena Katharina
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Rottler, Erwin
A1 - Blume, Theresa
A1 - Schöber, Johannes
A1 - Bronstert, Axel
T1 - Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment
BT - identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Ötztal, Austria
JF - Earth surface dynamics
N2 - Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done.
We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper Ötztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006–2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, Sölden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 % to 30 % glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data.
Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 % of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area.
Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022
SN - 2196-632X
SN - 2196-6311
VL - 10
IS - 3
SP - 653
EP - 669
PB - Copernicus Publications
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio
A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien
A1 - Tronicke, Jens
T1 - A comprehensive workflow to analyze ensembles of globally inverted 2D electrical resistivity models
JF - Journal of applied geophysics
N2 - Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) aims at imaging the subsurface resistivity distribution and provides valuable information for different geological, engineering, and hydrological applications. To obtain a subsurface resistivity model from measured apparent resistivities, stochastic or deterministic inversion procedures may be employed. Typically, the inversion of ERT data results in non-unique solutions; i.e., an ensemble of different models explains the measured data equally well. In this study, we perform inference analysis of model ensembles generated using a well-established global inversion approach to assess uncertainties related to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. Our interpretation strategy starts by establishing model selection criteria based on different statistical descriptors calculated from the data residuals. Then, we perform cluster analysis considering the inverted resistivity models and the corresponding data residuals. Finally, we evaluate model uncertainties and residual distributions for each cluster. To illustrate the potential of our approach, we use a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain an ensemble of 2D layer-based resistivity models from a synthetic data example and a field data set collected in Loon-Plage, France. Our strategy performs well for both synthetic and field data and allows us to extract different plausible model scenarios with their associated uncertainties and data residual distributions. Although we demonstrate our workflow using 2D ERT data and a PSObased inversion approach, the proposed strategy is general and can be adapted to analyze model ensembles generated from other kinds of geophysical data and using different global inversion approaches.
KW - Near-surface geophysics
KW - Electrical resistivity tomography
KW - Non-uniqueness
KW - Global inversion
KW - Particle swarm optimization
KW - Ensemble
KW - analysis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2021.104512
SN - 0926-9851
SN - 1879-1859
VL - 196
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kager, Klara
A1 - Jurczok, Anne
A1 - Bolli, Swantje
A1 - Vock, Miriam
T1 - We were thinking too much like adults
BT - Examining the development of teachers' critical and collaborative reflection in lesson study discussions
JF - Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies
N2 - This mixed-method study addresses the need for a clear conceptualization of the professional reflection element of Lesson Study (LS), a popular collaborative approach to the professional development of teachers. Grounding and re-framing LS's post-lesson discussion in a theoretical framework of critical and collaborative reflection, we analyze the transcripts of four LS groups at German primary schools, focusing on depth of reflection and teachers' trajectories through their reflective practice. The findings show that LS groups differed significantly in the depth and the trajectories of their reflection processes. We consider implications for post-lesson discussions and critical reflection as a LS core skill.
KW - Teacher learning
KW - Professional development
KW - Critical and collaborative
KW - reflection
KW - Lesson study
KW - Critical inquiry
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103683
SN - 0742-051X
SN - 1879-2480
VL - 113
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lewandowski, Max
T1 - Hadamard states for bosonic quantum field theory on globally hyperbolic spacetimes
JF - Journal of mathematical physics
N2 - According to Radzikowski’s celebrated results, bisolutions of a wave operator on a globally hyperbolic spacetime are of the Hadamard form iff they are given by a linear combination of distinguished parametrices i2(G˜aF−G˜F+G˜A−G˜R) in the sense of Duistermaat and Hörmander [Acta Math. 128, 183–269 (1972)] and Radzikowski [Commun. Math. Phys. 179, 529 (1996)]. Inspired by the construction of the corresponding advanced and retarded Green operator GA, GR as done by Bär, Ginoux, and Pfäffle {Wave Equations on Lorentzian Manifolds and Quantization [European Mathematical Society (EMS), Zürich, 2007]}, we construct the remaining two Green operators GF, GaF locally in terms of Hadamard series. Afterward, we provide the global construction of i2(G˜aF−G˜F), which relies on new techniques such as a well-posed Cauchy problem for bisolutions and a patching argument using Čech cohomology. This leads to global bisolutions of the Hadamard form, each of which can be chosen to be a Hadamard two-point-function, i.e., the smooth part can be adapted such that, additionally, the symmetry and the positivity condition are exactly satisfied.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0055753
SN - 0022-2488
SN - 1089-7658
VL - 63
IS - 1
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chromik, Jonas
A1 - Kirsten, Kristina
A1 - Herdick, Arne
A1 - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - SensorHub
BT - Multimodal sensing in real-life enables home-based studies
JF - Sensors
N2 - Observational studies are an important tool for determining whether the findings from controlled experiments can be transferred into scenarios that are closer to subjects' real-life circumstances. A rigorous approach to observational studies involves collecting data from different sensors to comprehensively capture the situation of the subject. However, this leads to technical difficulties especially if the sensors are from different manufacturers, as multiple data collection tools have to run simultaneously. We present SensorHub, a system that can collect data from various wearable devices from different manufacturers, such as inertial measurement units, portable electrocardiographs, portable electroencephalographs, portable photoplethysmographs, and sensors for electrodermal activity. Additionally, our tool offers the possibility to include ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies. Hence, SensorHub enables multimodal sensor data collection under real-world conditions and allows direct user feedback to be collected through questionnaires, enabling studies at home. In a first study with 11 participants, we successfully used SensorHub to record multiple signals with different devices and collected additional information with the help of EMAs. In addition, we evaluated SensorHub's technical capabilities in several trials with up to 21 participants recording simultaneously using multiple sensors with sampling frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. We could show that although there is a theoretical limitation to the transmissible data rate, in practice this limitation is not an issue and data loss is rare. We conclude that with modern communication protocols and with the increasingly powerful smartphones and wearables, a system like our SensorHub establishes an interoperability framework to adequately combine consumer-grade sensing hardware which enables observational studies in real life.
KW - multimodal sensing
KW - home-based studies
KW - activity recognition
KW - sensor
KW - systems
KW - ecological momentary assessment
KW - digital health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010408
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 22
IS - 1
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Engel, Robert
A1 - Micheel, Burkhard
A1 - Hanack, Katja
T1 - Three-dimensional cell culture approach for in vitro immunization and the production of monoclonal antibodies
JF - Biomedical materials : materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
N2 - The generation of monoclonal antibodies using an in vitro immunization approach is a promising alternative to conventional hybridoma technology. As recently published, the in vitro approach enables an antigen-specific activation of B lymphocytes within 10-12 d followed by immortalization and subsequent selection of hybridomas. This in vitro process can be further improved by using a three-dimensional surrounding to stabilize the complex microenvironment required for a successful immune reaction. In this study, the suitability of Geltrex as a material for the generation of monoclonal antigen-specific antibodies by in vitro immunization was analyzed. We could show that dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells were able to travel through and interact inside of the matrix, leading to the antigen-specific activation of T and B cells. For cell recovery and subsequent hybridoma technique the suitability of dispase and Corning cell recovery solution (CRS) was compared. In our experiments, the use of dispase resulted in a severe alteration of cell surface receptor expression patterns and significantly higher cell death, while we could not detect an adverse effect of Corning CRS. Finally, an easy approach for high-density cell culture was established by printing an alginate ring inside a cell culture vessel. The ring was filled with Geltrex, cells, and medium to ensure a sufficient supply during cultivation. Using this approach, we were able to generate monoclonal hybridomas that produce antigen-specific antibodies against ovalbumin and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
KW - monoclonal antibody
KW - hybridoma technology
KW - in vitro immunization
KW - 3D
KW - cell culture
KW - Geltrex
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ac7b00
SN - 1748-6041
SN - 1748-605X
VL - 17
IS - 5
PB - Inst. of Physics
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schäfer, Marjänn Helena
A1 - Kakularam, Kumar Reddy
A1 - Reisch, Florian
A1 - Rothe, Michael
A1 - Stehling, Sabine
A1 - Heydeck, Dagmar
A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1 - Kuhn, Hartmut
T1 - Male Knock-in Mice Expressing an Arachidonic Acid Lipoxygenase 15B (Alox15B) with Humanized Reaction Specificity Are Prematurely Growth Arrested When Aging
JF - Biomedicines
N2 - Mammalian arachidonic acid lipoxygenases (ALOXs) have been implicated in cell differentiation and in the pathogenesis of inflammation. The mouse genome involves seven functional Alox genes and the encoded enzymes share a high degree of amino acid conservation with their human orthologs. There are, however, functional differences between mouse and human ALOX orthologs. Human ALOX15B oxygenates arachidonic acid exclusively to its 15-hydroperoxy derivative (15S-HpETE), whereas 8S-HpETE is dominantly formed by mouse Alox15b. The structural basis for this functional difference has been explored and in vitro mutagenesis humanized the reaction specificity of the mouse enzyme. To explore whether this mutagenesis strategy may also humanize the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b in vivo, we created Alox15b knock-in mice expressing the arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenating Tyr603Asp+His604Val double mutant instead of the 8-lipoxygenating wildtype enzyme. These mice are fertile, display slightly modified plasma oxylipidomes and develop normally up to an age of 24 weeks. At later developmental stages, male Alox15b-KI mice gain significantly less body weight than outbred wildtype controls, but this effect was not observed for female individuals. To explore the possible reasons for the observed gender-specific growth arrest, we determined the basic hematological parameters and found that aged male Alox15b-KI mice exhibited significantly attenuated red blood cell parameters (erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin). Here again, these differences were not observed in female individuals. These data suggest that humanization of the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b impairs the functionality of the hematopoietic system in males, which is paralleled by a premature growth arrest.
KW - eicosanoids
KW - lipid peroxidation
KW - oxidative stress
KW - polyenoic fatty acids
KW - erythropoiesis
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061379
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wessig, Pablo
A1 - Badetko, Dominik
A1 - Czarnecki, Maciej
A1 - Wichterich, Lukas
A1 - Schmidt, Peter
A1 - Brudy, Cosima
A1 - Sperlich, Eric
A1 - Kelling, Alexandra
T1 - Studies toward the total synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignans via a Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction
JF - The journal of organic chemistry
N2 - An efficient method for the preparation of arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) was developed, which is based on thePhoto-Dehydro-DIELS-ALDER(PDDA) reaction. While intermolecular PDDA reactions turned out to be inefficient, theintramolecular variant using suberic acid as tether linking two aryl propiolic esters smoothly provided naphthalenophanes. Theirradiations were performed with a previously developed annular continuous-flow reactor and UVB lamps. In this way, the naturalproducts Alashinol D, Taiwanin C, and an unnamed ANL could be prepared.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c00195
SN - 0022-3263
SN - 1520-6904
VL - 87
IS - 9
SP - 5904
EP - 5915
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rudolph, Pascal
T1 - Rezension zu: Auslander, Philip: In concert: performing musical persona. - Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021. - ISBN: 978-0-472-05471-8
JF - Popular Music
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261143022000228
SN - 0261-1430
SN - 1474-0095
VL - 41
IS - 1
SP - 122
EP - 124
PB - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mayer, Dennis
A1 - Lever, Fabiano
A1 - Gühr, Markus
T1 - Data analysis procedures for time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a SASE free-electron-laser
JF - Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics
N2 - The random nature of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is a well-known challenge for x-ray core level spectroscopy at SASE free-electron lasers (FELs). Especially in time-resolved experiments that require a combination of good temporal and spectral resolution the jitter and drifts in the spectral characteristics, relative arrival time as well as power fluctuations can smear out spectral-temporal features. We present a combination of methods for the analysis of time-resolved photoelectron spectra based on power and time corrections as well as self-referencing of a strong photoelectron line. Based on sulfur 2p photoelectron spectra of 2-thiouracil taken at the SASE FEL FLASH2, we show that it is possible to correct for some of the photon energy drift and jitter even when reliable shot-to-shot photon energy data is not available. The quality of pump-probe difference spectra improves as random jumps in energy between delay points reduce significantly. The data analysis allows to identify coherent oscillations of 1 eV shift on the mean photoelectron line of 4 eV width with an error of less than 0.1 eV.
KW - free-electron laser
KW - photoelectron spectroscopy
KW - FLASH
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac3c91
SN - 0953-4075
SN - 1361-6455
VL - 55
IS - 5
PB - IOP Publ.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schenck, Marcia C.
ED - Schenck, Marcia C.
ED - Njung, George N.
T1 - Rethinking Refuge: Processes of Refuge Seeking in Africa
BT - An Introduction
JF - Africa Today
Y1 - 2022
SN - 1527-1978
SN - 0001-9887
VL - 69
IS - 1-2
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Indiana University Press
CY - Bloomington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Simply too much
BT - The extent to which weight bias internalization results in a higher risk of eating disorders and psychosocial problems
JF - Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity
N2 - Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.
KW - Weight bias internalization
KW - Self-stigmatization
KW - Children
KW - ROC
KW - Mental
KW - health
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z
SN - 1590-1262
VL - 27
IS - 1
SP - 317
EP - 324
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zöller, Gert
T1 - A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field
JF - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA
N2 - Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210307
SN - 0037-1106
SN - 1943-3573
VL - 112
IS - 4
SP - 1825
EP - 1831
PB - Seismological Society of America
CY - El Cerito, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Raju, Rajarshi Roy
A1 - Koetz, Joachim
T1 - Pickering Janus emulsions stabilized with gold nanoparticles
JF - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society
N2 - We report a modified approach to the batch scale preparation of completely engulfed core-shell emulsions or partially engulfed Janus emulsions with colorful optical properties, containing water, olive oil, and silicone oil. The in situ reduction of gold chloride, forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the olive oil interface in the absence or presence of chitosan, leads to the formation of compartmentalized olive-silicone oil emulsion droplets in water. In the absence of additional reducing components, time-dependent morphological transformations from partial engulfment to complete engulfment were observed. Similar experiments in the presence of chitosan or presynthesized AuNPs show an opposite time-dependent trend of transformation of core-shell structures into partially engulfed ones. This behavior can be understood by a time-dependent rearrangement of the AuNPs at the interface and changes of the interfacial tension. The Pickering effect of AuNPs at oil-water and oil-oil interfaces brings not only color effects to individual microdroplets, which are of special relevance for the preparation of new optical elements, but also a surprising self-assembly of droplets.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02256
SN - 0743-7463
SN - 1520-5827
VL - 38
IS - 1
SP - 147
EP - 155
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hermanns, Jolanda
A1 - Keller, David
T1 - The development, use, and evaluation of digital games and quizzes in an introductory course on organic chemistry for preservice chemistry teachers
JF - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society
N2 - Due to the COVID pandemic, the introductory course on organic chemistry was developed and conducted as anonline course. To ensure methodical variety in this course,educational games and quizzes have been developed, used, and evaluated. The attendance of the course, and therefore also the use of the quizzes and games, was voluntary. The quizzes'main goalwas to give the students the opportunity to check whether they had memorized the knowledge needed in the course. Another goal was to make transparent which knowledge the students shouldmemorize by rote. The evaluation shows that the students hadnot internalized all knowledge which they should apply in severaltasks on organic chemistry. They answered multiselect questions in general less well than single-select questions. The games shouldcombine fun with learning. The evaluation of the games shows that the students rated them very well. The students used thosegames again for their exam preparation, as the monitoring of accessing the games showed. Students'experiences with usingelectronic devices in general or for quizzes and games have also been evaluated, because their experience could influence thestudents'assessment of the quizzes and games used in our study. However, the students used electronic devices regularly and shouldtherefore be technically competent to use our quizzes and games. The evaluation showed that the use of digital games for learningpurposes is not very common, neither at school nor at university, although the students had worked with such tools before. Thestudents are also very interested in using and developing such digital games not only for their own study, but also for their future work at school
KW - Organic Chemistry
KW - Second-Year Undergraduate
KW - Humor
KW - Puzzles
KW - Games;
KW - Internet
KW - Web-Based Learning
KW - Distance Learning
KW - Self Instruction
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00058
SN - 0021-9584
SN - 1938-1328
VL - 99
IS - 4
SP - 1715
EP - 1724
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prüfert, Christian
A1 - Villatoro Leal, José Andrés
A1 - Zühlke, Martin
A1 - Beitz, Toralf
A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
T1 - Liquid phase IR-MALDI and differential mobility analysis of nano- and sub-micron particles
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2 - Infrared matrix-assisted desorption and ionization (IR-MALDI) enables the transfer of sub-micron particles (sMP) directly from suspensions into the gas phase and their characterization with differential mobility (DM) analysis. A nanosecond laser pulse at 2940 nm induces a phase explosion of the aqueous phase, dispersing the sample into nano- and microdroplets. The particles are ejected from the aqueous phase and become charged. Using IR-MALDI on sMP of up to 500 nm in diameter made it possible to surpass the 100 nm size barrier often encountered when using nano-electrospray for ionizing supramolecular structures. Thus, the charge distribution produced by IR-MALDI could be characterized systematically in the 50-500 nm size range. Well-resolved signals for up to octuply charged particles were obtained in both polarities for different particle sizes, materials, and surface modifications spanning over four orders of magnitude in concentrations. The physicochemical characterization of the IR-MALDI process was done via a detailed analysis of the charge distribution of the emerging particles, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The Wiedensohler charge distribution, which describes the evolution of particle charging events in the gas phase, and a Poisson-derived charge distribution, which describes the evolution of charging events in the liquid phase, were compared with one another with respect to how well they describe the experimental data. Although deviations were found in both models, the IR-MALDI charging process seems to resemble a Poisson-like charge distribution mechanism, rather than a bipolar gas phase charging one.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04196g
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 4
SP - 2275
EP - 2286
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Agne, Stefanie
A1 - Preick, Michaela
A1 - Straube, Nicolas
A1 - Hofreiter, Michael
T1 - Simultaneous Barcode Sequencing of Diverse Museum Collection Specimens Using a Mixed RNA Bait Set
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - A growing number of publications presenting results from sequencing natural history collection specimens reflect the importance of DNA sequence information from such samples. Ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods in combination with target gene capture are a way of unlocking archival DNA, including from formalin-fixed wet-collection material. Here we report on an experiment, in which we used an RNA bait set containing baits from a wide taxonomic range of species for DNA hybridisation capture of nuclear and mitochondrial targets for analysing natural history collection specimens. The bait set used consists of 2,492 mitochondrial and 530 nuclear RNA baits and comprises specific barcode loci of diverse animal groups including both invertebrates and vertebrates. The baits allowed to capture DNA sequence information of target barcode loci from 84% of the 37 samples tested, with nuclear markers being captured more frequently and consensus sequences of these being more complete compared to mitochondrial markers. Samples from dry material had a higher rate of success than wet-collection specimens, although target sequence information could be captured from 50% of formalin-fixed samples. Our study illustrates how efforts to obtain barcode sequence information from natural history collection specimens may be combined and are a way of implementing barcoding inventories of scientific collection material.
KW - target capture
KW - type specimens
KW - molecular species identification
KW - museum specimens
KW - cross-species capture
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.909846
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sarabadani, Jalal
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Ala-Nissila, Tapio
T1 - Driven polymer translocation into a channel: Isoflux tension propagation theory and Langevin dynamics simulations
JF - Physical Review Research
N2 - Isoflux tension propagation (IFTP) theory and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations are employed to study the dynamics of channel-driven polymer translocation in which a polymer translocates into a narrow channel and the monomers in the channel experience a driving force fc. In the high driving force limit, regardless of the channel width, IFTP theory predicts τ ∝ f βc for the translocation time, where β = −1 is the force scaling exponent. Moreover, LD data show that for a very narrow channel fitting only a single file of monomers, the entropic force due to the subchain inside the channel does not play a significant role in the translocation dynamics and the force exponent β = −1 regardless of the force magnitude. As the channel width increases the number of possible spatial configurations of the subchain inside the channel becomes significant and the resulting entropic force causes the force exponent to drop below unity.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033003
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 4
SP - 033003-1
EP - 033003-14
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park, Maryland, USA
ET - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Smirnov, Lev A.
A1 - Bolotov, Maxim
A1 - Bolotov, Dmitri
A1 - Osipov, Grigory V.
A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady
T1 - Finite-density-induced motility and turbulence of chimera solitons
JF - New Journal of Physics
N2 - We consider a one-dimensional oscillatory medium with a coupling through a diffusive linear field. In the limit of fast diffusion this setup reduces to the classical Kuramoto–Battogtokh model. We demonstrate that for a finite diffusion stable chimera solitons, namely localized synchronous domain in an infinite asynchronous environment, are possible. The solitons are stable also for finite density of oscillators, but in this case they sway with a nearly constant speed. This finite-density-induced motility disappears in the continuum limit, as the velocity of the solitons is inverse proportional to the density. A long-wave instability of the homogeneous asynchronous state causes soliton turbulence, which appears as a sequence of soliton mergings and creations. As the instability of the asynchronous state becomes stronger, this turbulence develops into a spatio-temporal intermittency.
KW - chimera
KW - soliton
KW - finite-size effects
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac63d9
SN - 1367-2630
VL - 24
PB - IOP
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brennecke, Julia
A1 - Ertug, Gokhan
A1 - Kovács, Balázs
A1 - Zou, Tengjian
T1 - What does homophily do?
BT - a review of the consequences of homophily
JF - Academy of Management Annals
N2 - Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As these consequences have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues and opportunities for future research at each level, and conclude with a discussion of broader future research directions, both empirical and conceptual, that apply across levels. We hope that our review will open new vistas in research on this important topic.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0230
SN - 1941-6520
SN - 1941-6067
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 38
EP - 69
PB - Erlbaum
CY - Mahwah
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Poltz, Nadine
A1 - Lorenz, Anna
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Live supervision in psychotherapy training
BT - a systematic review
JF - Training and education in professional psychology
N2 - There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59%), were categorized as nonempirical (55%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35%), and displayed positive views on LS (87%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78% of all comparisons, but only in 13% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed.
Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed.
KW - psychotherapy
KW - feedback
KW - bug-in-the-eye
KW - training
KW - therapist competence
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000390
SN - 1931-3918
SN - 1931-3926
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 130
EP - 142
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adamik, Verena
T1 - Alien Horrors
BT - lovecraft and the racialized underclass in the age of trump
JF - The Aliens Within : danger, disease, and displacement in representations of the racialized poor
N2 - H. P. Lovecraft’s oeuvre abounds with stereotypes of the racialized poor. As scholars have noted, Lovecraft’s work turns those he viewed as ‘Others’ into ‘aliens.’ Poor people of color (as opposed to the orderly White rural population and White working class) in Lovecraft’s stories are foreign, diseased, and criminal, and they threaten social and cosmic orders as they are in league with a nebulous entity that waits to wreak indescribable havoc. This chapter analyzes three ‘Lovecraftian’ novels published in 2016 - Cassandra Khaw’s Hammers on Bone,Victor LaValle’s The Ballad of Black Tom, and Matt Ruff’s Lovecraft Country. These works elucidate the connection of Trump’s 2016 rhetoric in campaign and presidential speeches and the White supremacist imagery used by Lovecraft. In these novels, the racialized poor have a special connection to an astronomical, evil entity à la Lovecraft. As carriers of numinous genes or parasitic entities (literally having ‘an alien within’) they become empowered. They thus occupy a pivotal position in forestalling or bringing about the destruction of societal order; that is, of White supremacy. Exploring the alleged risk posed by this ‘underclass,’ these works seem to foretell current representations of protesters as ‘riotous mobs’ that threaten the body politic Trump sought to make great (and White) again.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-11-078974-4
SN - 978-3-11-078984-3
SN - 978-3-11-078979-9
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110789799-006
SN - 0340-5435
SP - 113
EP - 131
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Behrend, Nicole
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)
JF - Body image : an international journal of research
N2 - The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
KW - BAS-2
KW - Body appreciation
KW - Positive body image
KW - Validation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020
SN - 1740-1445
SN - 1873-6807
VL - 41
SP - 216
EP - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Muraveva, Valeriia
A1 - Bekir, Marek
A1 - Lomadze, Nino
A1 - Großmann, Robert
A1 - Beta, Carsten
A1 - Santer, Svetlana
T1 - Interplay of diffusio- and thermo-osmotic flows generated by single light stimulus
JF - Applied physics letters
N2 - Flow control is a highly relevant topic for micromanipulation of colloidal particles in microfluidic applications. Here, we report on a system that combines two-surface bound flows emanating from thermo-osmotic and diffusio-osmotic mechanisms. These opposing flows are generated at a gold surface immersed into an aqueous solution containing a photo-sensitive surfactant, which is irradiated by a focused UV laser beam. At low power of incoming light, diffusio-osmotic flow due to local photo-isomerization of the surfactant dominates, resulting in a flow pattern oriented away from the irradiated area. In contrast, thermo-osmotic flow takes over due to local heating of the gold surface at larger power, consequently inducing a flow pointing toward the hotspot. In this way, this system allows one to reversibly switch from outward to inward liquid flow with an intermittent range of zero flow at which tracer particles undergo thermal motion by just tuning the laser intensity only. Our work, thus, demonstrates an optofluidic system for flow generation with a high degree of controllability that is necessary to transport particles precisely to desired locations, thereby opening innovative possibilities to generate advanced microfluidic applications.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0090229
SN - 0003-6951
SN - 1077-3118
VL - 120
IS - 23
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
A1 - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1 - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1 - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1 - Reich, Sebastian
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - Data assimilation in dynamical cognitive science
JF - Trends in cognitive sciences
N2 - Dynamical models make specific assumptions about cognitive processes that generate human behavior. In data assimilation, these models are tested against timeordered data. Recent progress on Bayesian data assimilation demonstrates that this approach combines the strengths of statistical modeling of individual differences with the those of dynamical cognitive models.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.006
SN - 1364-6613
SN - 1879-307X
VL - 26
IS - 2
SP - 99
EP - 102
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Juang, Linda P.
A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1 - Aral, Tuğçe
A1 - Pevec-Zimmer, Sharleen
T1 - Youth experiences of racism and family ethnic-racial socialization in Germany
BT - What we (don't) know
JF - Infant and child development : an international journal of research
N2 - In 1988 the youth-led movement "Schools without racism, schools with courage" was established in Belgium and quickly spread throughout Europe. German schools adopted this movement in 1995. Decades later, racism is not yet a strong developmental science research topic for studies of youth in Germany and Europe. In this commentary we argue that it should be. With increasing hate crimes and harassment, there is also a need to understand how families are socializing young people to be prepared for, cope with, resist, and disrupt racism. This type of ethnic-racial socialization affects important developmental processes-adolescent ethnic-racial identity development and intergroup and institutional understanding and relations-and requires a more prominent place of study in a migration-diverse Germany. Studying these issues in this particular sociohistorical context will also contribute to a more context-specific understanding of youth experiences of racism.
KW - adolescence
KW - family ethnic-racial socialization
KW - Germany
KW - racism
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2301
SN - 1522-7219
VL - 31
IS - 1
PB - Wiley
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ilicic, Doris
A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1 - Karsten, Ulf
A1 - Zimmermann, Jonas
A1 - Wichard, Thomas
A1 - Quartino, Maria Liliana
A1 - Campana, Gabriela Laura
A1 - Livenets, Alexandra
A1 - Van den Wyngaert, Silke
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.
KW - Antarctica
KW - aquatic fungi
KW - Chytridiomycota
KW - phytoplankton host
KW - salinity gradient
KW - Illumina amplicon sequencing
KW - Carlini Station
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie
A1 - Bufe, Aaron
A1 - Turowski, Jens M.
T1 - Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width
JF - AGU Advances
N2 - River-valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley-wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross-sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river-terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley-width-height relationship, we reformulate existing valley-width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope-channel coupling is not captured in current valley-evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000641
SN - 2576-604X
PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU); Wiley
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Singh, Aakanksha
A1 - Compart, Julia
A1 - AL-Rawi, Shadha Abduljaleel
A1 - Mahto, Harendra
A1 - Ahmad, Abubakar Musa
A1 - Fettke, Jörg
T1 - LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 alters the glucan structures at the starch granule surface and thereby influences the action of both starch-synthesizing and starch-degrading enzymes
JF - The plant journal
N2 - For starch metabolism to take place correctly, various enzymes and proteins acting on the starch granule surface are crucial. Recently, two non-catalytic starch-binding proteins, pivotal for normal starch turnover in Arabidopsis leaves, namely, EARLY STARVATION 1 (ESV1) and its homolog LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 (LESV), have been identified. Both share nearly 38% sequence homology. As ESV1 has been found to influence glucan phosphorylation via two starch-related dikinases, alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD), through modulating the surface glucan structures of the starch granules and thus affecting starch degradation, we assess the impact of its homolog LESV on starch metabolism. Thus, the 65-kDa recombinant protein LESV and the 50-kDa ESV1 were analyzed regarding their influence on the action of GWD and PWD on the surface of the starch granules. We included starches from various sources and additionally assessed the effect of these non-enzymatic proteins on other starch-related enzymes, such as starch synthases (SSI and SSIII), starch phosphorylases (PHS1), isoamylase and beta-amylase. The data obtained indicate that starch phosphorylation, hydrolyses and synthesis were affected by LESV and ESV1. Furthermore, incubation with LESV and ESV1 together exerted an additive effect on starch phosphorylation. In addition, a stable alteration of the glucan structures at the starch granule surface following treatment with LESV and ESV1 was observed. Here, we discuss all the observed changes that point to modifications in the glucan structures at the surface of the native starch granules and present a model to explain the existing processes.
KW - starch
KW - starch metabolism
KW - starch surface structure
KW - Arabidopsis
KW - thaliana
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15855
SN - 0960-7412
SN - 1365-313X
VL - 111
IS - 3
SP - 819
EP - 835
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oberkofler, Vicky
A1 - Bäurle, Isabel
T1 - Inducible epigenome editing probes for the role of histone H3K4 methylation in Arabidopsis heat stress memory
JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants
N2 - A temperature-inducible epigenome editing system to knock down histone methylation can be used to study the role of histone H3K4 methylation during heat stress memory in Arabidopsis.
Histone modifications play a crucial role in the integration of environmental signals to mediate gene expression outcomes. However, genetic and pharmacological interference often causes pleiotropic effects, creating the urgent need for methods that allow locus-specific manipulation of histone modifications, preferably in an inducible manner. Here, we report an inducible system for epigenome editing in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a heat-inducible dCas9 to target a JUMONJI (JMJ) histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase domain to a locus of interest. As a model locus, we target the ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) gene that shows transcriptional memory after heat stress (HS), correlating with H3K4 hyper-methylation. We show that dCas9-JMJ is targeted in a HS-dependent manner to APX2 and that the HS-induced overaccumulation of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) decreases when dCas9-JMJ binds to the locus. This results in reduced HS-mediated transcriptional memory at the APX2 locus. Targeting an enzymatically inactive JMJ protein in an analogous manner affected transcriptional memory less than the active JMJ protein; however, we still observed a decrease in H3K4 methylation levels. Thus, the inducible targeting of dCas9-JMJ to APX2 was effective in reducing H3K4 methylation levels. As the effect was not fully dependent on enzyme activity of the eraser domain, the dCas9-JMJ fusion protein may act in part independently of its demethylase activity. This underlines the need for caution in the design and interpretation of epigenome editing studies. We expect our versatile inducible epigenome editing system to be especially useful for studying temporal dynamics of chromatin modifications.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac113
SN - 0032-0889
SN - 1532-2548
VL - 189
IS - 2
SP - 703
EP - 714
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kabeshkin, Anton
T1 - Logical and natural life in Hegel
JF - European journal of philosophy
N2 - In this article, I discuss the specific ways in which Hegel's account of life and organisms advances upon Kant's account of natural purposes in the third Critique. First of all, I argue that it is essential for Hegel's account that it contains two levels. The first level is that of logical life, the discussion of which does not depend on any empirical knowledge of natural organisms. I provide my reconstruction of this logical account of life that answers to the objection made by a number of Hegel scholars to the effect that Hegel does in fact rely on empirical knowledge at this place in the logic. The second level is that of natural organisms themselves. I argue that it is with the help of this separation of the logical and natural levels, as well as his doctrine of the impotence of nature, that Hegel, unlike Kant, (a) is able to claim that not everything in natural organisms is purposive, and (b) provide a philosophical, and not merely empirical, account of the distinction between plants and animals. In both of these respects, Hegel's position can be seen as a welcome advance over Kant.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12647
SN - 0966-8373
SN - 1468-0378
VL - 30
IS - 1
SP - 129
EP - 147
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlosser, Rainer
T1 - Heuristic mean-variance optimization in Markov decision processes using state-dependent risk aversion
JF - IMA journal of management mathematics / Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications
N2 - In dynamic decision problems, it is challenging to find the right balance between maximizing expected rewards and minimizing risks. In this paper, we consider NP-hard mean-variance (MV) optimization problems in Markov decision processes with a finite time horizon. We present a heuristic approach to solve MV problems, which is based on state-dependent risk aversion and efficient dynamic programming techniques. Our approach can also be applied to mean-semivariance (MSV) problems, which particularly focus on the downside risk. We demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of our heuristic for dynamic pricing applications. Using reproducible examples, we show that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art benchmark models for MV and MSV problems while also providing competitive runtimes. Further, compared to models based on constant risk levels, we find that state-dependent risk aversion allows to more effectively intervene in case sales processes deviate from their planned paths. Our concepts are domain independent, easy to implement and of low computational complexity.
KW - risk aversion
KW - mean-variance optimization
KW - Markov decision process;
KW - dynamic programming
KW - dynamic pricing
KW - heuristics
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpab009
SN - 1471-678X
SN - 1471-6798
VL - 33
IS - 2
SP - 181
EP - 199
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wilke, Liza
A1 - Boeker, Sonja
A1 - Mumm, Rebecca
A1 - Groth, Detlef
T1 - The Social status influences human growth
BT - A summary and analysis of historical data from German school girls in 1914 with comparison to modern references
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: In the animal kingdom body size is often linked to dominance and subsequently the standing in social hierarchy. Similarly, human growth has been associated and linked to socioeconomic factors, including one’s social status. This has already been proposed in the early 1900s where data on young German school girls from different social strata have been compared.
Objectives: This paper aims to summarize and analyze these results and make them accessible for non-German speakers. The full English translation of the historic work of Dikanski (Dikanski, 1914) is available as a supplement. Further, this work aims to compare the historical data with modern references, to test three hypotheses: (1) higher social class is positively associated with body height and weight, (2) affluent people from the used historical data match modern references in weight and height and (3) weight distributions are skewed in both modern and historical populations.
Methods: Comparison of historical data from 1914 with WHO and 1980s German data. The data sets, for both body weight and height for 6.0- and 7.0-year-old girls, were fitted onto centile curves and quantile correlation coefficients were calculated.
Results: In historical data social status is positively associated with body height and weight while both are also normally distributed, which marks a significant difference to modern references.
Conclusion: Social status is positively associated with height, signaling social dominance, making children of affluent classes taller. Children from the historical data do not reach the average height of modern children, even under the best environmental conditions. The children of the upper social class were not skewed in weight distribution, although they had the means to become as obese as modern children.
KW - Just so stories
KW - Summer Schools
KW - questioning solutions
KW - repetition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2021.3.22
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 3, Summer School Supplement
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Novine, Masiar
A1 - Mattsson, Cecilie Cordua
A1 - Groth, Detlef
T1 - Network reconstruction based on synthetic data generated by a Monte Carlo approach
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: Network models are useful tools for researchers to simplify and understand investigated systems. Yet, the assessment of methods for network construction is often uncertain. Random resampling simulations can aid to assess methods, provided synthetic data exists for reliable network construction.
Objectives: We implemented a new Monte Carlo algorithm to create simulated data for network reconstruction, tested the influence of adjusted parameters and used simulations to select a method for network model estimation based on real-world data. We hypothesized, that reconstructs based on Monte Carlo data are scored at least as good compared to a benchmark.
Methods: Simulated data was generated in R using the Monte Carlo algorithm of the mcgraph package. Benchmark data was created by the huge package. Networks were reconstructed using six estimator functions and scored by four classification metrics. For compatibility tests of mean score differences, Welch’s t-test was used. Network model estimation based on real-world data was done by stepwise selection.
Samples: Simulated data was generated based on 640 input graphs of various types and sizes. The real-world dataset consisted of 67 medieval skeletons of females and males from the region of Refshale (Lolland) and Nordby (Jutland) in Denmark.
Results: Results after t-tests and determining confidence intervals (CI95%) show, that evaluation scores for network reconstructs based on the mcgraph package were at least as good compared to the benchmark huge. The results even indicate slightly better scores on average for the mcgraph package.
Conclusion: The results confirmed our objective and suggested that Monte Carlo data can keep up with the benchmark in the applied test framework. The algorithm offers the feature to use (weighted) un- and directed graphs and might be useful for assessing methods for network construction.
KW - Monte Carlo method
KW - network reconstruction
KW - mcgraph
KW - random sampling
KW - linear enamel hypoplasia
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2021.3.26
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 3, Summer School Supplement
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mumm, Rebekka
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
T1 - The dilemma of misclassifying weight in short and in historic population
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: Clinicians often refer anthropometric measures of a child to so-called “growth standards” and “growth references. Over 140 countries have meanwhile adopted WHO growth standards.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to thoroughly examine the idea of growth standards as a common yardstick for all populations. Weight depends on height. We became interested in whether also weight-for-height depends on height. First, we studied the age-group effect on weight-for-height. Thereafter, we tested the applicability of weight-for-height references in short and in historic populations.
Sample and Methods: We analyzed body height and body weight and weight-for-height of 3795 healthy boys and 3726 healthy girls aged 2 to 5 years measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990.
We chose contemporary height and weight charts from Germany, the UK, and the WHO growth chart and compared these with three geographically commensurable growth charts from the end of the 19th century.
Results: We analyzed body height and body weight and weight-for-height of 3795 healthy boys and 3726 healthy girls aged 2 to 5 years measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990.
We chose contemporary height and weight charts from Germany, the UK, and the WHO growth chart and compared these with three geographically commensurable growth charts of the end of the 19th century.
Conclusion: Weight-for-height depends on age and sex and apart from the nutritional state, reflects body proportion and body built particularly during infancy and early childhood. Populations with a relatively short average height are prone to high values of weight-for-height for arithmetic reasons independent of the nutritional state.
KW - growth standards
KW - growth references
KW - body mass index
KW - nutritional status
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2021.3.28
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 3, Summer School Supplement
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Boeker, Sonja
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
T1 - Dental age is an independent marker of biological age
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: Biological age markers are a crucial indicator whether children are decelerated in growth tempo. Skeletal maturation is the standard measure. Yet, it relies on exposing children to x-radiation. Dental eruption is a potential, but highly debated, radiation free alternative.
Objectives: We assess the interrelationship between dental eruption and other maturational markers. We hypothesize that dental age correlates with body height and skeletal age. We further evaluate how the three different variables behave in cohorts from differing social backgrounds.
Sample and Method: Dental, skeletal and height data from the 1970s to 1990s from Guatemalan boys were converted into standard deviation scores, using external references for each measurement. The boys, aged between 7 and 12, derived from different social backgrounds (middle SES (N = 6529), low-middle SES (N = 736), low SES Ladino (N = 3653) and low SES Maya (N = 4587).
Results: Dental age shows only a weak correlation with skeletal age (0.18) and height (0.2). The distinction between cohorts differs according to each of the three measurements. All cohorts differ significantly in height. In skeletal maturation, the middle SES cohort is significantly advanced compared to all other cohorts. The periodically malnourished cohorts of low SES Mayas and Ladinos are significantly delayed in dental maturation compared to the well-nourished low-middle and middle class Ladino children.
Conclusion: Dental development is an independent system, that is regulated by different mechanisms than skeletal development and growth. Tooth eruption is sensitive to nutritional status, whereas skeletal age is more sensitive to socioeconomic background.
KW - dental eruption
KW - biological age
KW - skeletal age
KW - growth tempo
KW - maturation
KW - malnutrition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2021.3.24
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 3, Summer School Supplement
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Groth, Detlef
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
T1 - Human growth data analyses and statistics
BT - The 4th Gülpe International Student Summer School
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Students learn by repetition. Repetition is essential, but repetition needs questioning, and questioning the repertoire belongs to the essential tasks of student education. Guiding students to questioning was and is our prime motive to offer our International Student Summer Schools. The data were critically discussed among the students, in the twilight of Just So Stories, common knowledge, and prompted questioning of contemporary solutions. For these schools, the students bring their own data, carry their preliminary concepts, and in group discussions, they may have to challenge these concepts. Catch-up growth is known to affect long bone growth, but different opinions exist to what extent it also affects body proportions. Skeletal age and dental development are considered appropriate measures of maturation, but it appears that both system develop independently and are regulated by different mechanisms. Body weight distributions are assumed to be skewed, yet, historic data disproved this assumption. Many discussions focused on current ideas of global growth standards as a common yardstick for all populations world-wide, with new statistical tools being developed including network reconstruction and evaluation of the reconstructs to determine the confidence of graph prediction methods.
KW - Just so stories
KW - Summer Schools
KW - questioning solutions
KW - repetition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2021.3.29
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 3, Summer School Supplement
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
T1 - Evidence of chronic undernutrition in late 19th century German infants of all social classes
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - 125 years ago, European infants grew differently from modern infants. We show weight gains of 20 healthy children weighed longitudinally from birth to age 1 year, published by Camerer in 1882. The data illustrate the historically prevalent concepts of infant nutrition practiced by German civil servants, lawyers, merchants, university professors, physicians, foresters and farmers. Breastfeeding by the mother was not truly appreciated in those days; children were often breastfed by wet nurses or received bottled milk. Bottle feeding mainly used diluted cow’s milk with some added carbohydrates, without evidence that appropriate amounts of oil, butter or other fatty components were added. French children from 1914 showed similar weight gain patterns suggesting similar feeding practices. The historical data suggest that energy deficient infant formula was fed regularly in the late 19th and early 20th century Europe, regardless of wealth and social class. The data question current concerns that temporarily feeding energy deficient infant formula may warrant serious anxieties regarding long-term cognitive, social and emotional behavioral development.
KW - chronic undernutrition
KW - breastfeeding
KW - historical growth
KW - social class
KW - translation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2022.2.42
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2022
IS - 2
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rösler, Antonia
A1 - Gasparatos, Nikolaos
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
T1 - Practicability and user-friendliness of height measurements by proof of concept APP using Augmented Reality, in 22 healthy children
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: Child growth is a dynamic process. When measured at short intervals, children’s growth shows characteristic patterns that can be of great importance for clinical purposes.
Objective: To study whether measuring height on a daily basis using an APP is practicable and user-friendly.
Methods: Recruitment took place via Snowball Sampling. Thirteen out of 14 contacted families signed up for a study period of 12 weeks with altogether 22 healthy children aged 3 to 13 years (response rate 93%). The study started with a visit to the family home for the setup of the measurement site, conventional height measuring and initial training of the new measurement process. Follow-up appointments were made at four, eight and 12 weeks. The children’s height was measured at daily intervals at their family homes over a period of three months.
Results: The parents altogether recorded 1704 height measurements and meticulously documented practicability and problems when using the device.
A 93% response rate in recruitment was achieved by maintaining a high motivation within the families. Contact with the principal investigator was permanently available, including open communication, personal training and attendance during the appointments at the family homes.
Conclusion: Measuring height by photographic display is interesting for children and parents and can be used for height measurements at home. A positive response rate of 13 out of 14 families with altogether 22 children highlights feasible recruitment and the high convenience and user-friendliness of daily APP-supported height measurements. Daily APP measurements appear to be a promising new tool for longitudinal growth studies.
KW - body height
KW - guideline
KW - augmented reality
KW - daily home-made measurements
KW - iPhone
KW - APP
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2022.2.48
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2022
IS - 2
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali
A1 - Noroozi, Raha
A1 - Fakhri Mirzanag, Ehsan
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - de Souza Castelo Oliveira, Anderson
T1 - The Impact of COVID-19 and Muscle Fatigue on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Running Kinetics in Female Recreational Runners
JF - Frontiers in Physiology
N2 - Background: There is evidence that fully recovered COVID-19 patients usually resume physical exercise, but do not perform at the same intensity level performed prior to infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and recovery as well as muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running biomechanics in female recreational runners.
Methods: Twenty-eight females were divided into a group of hospitalized and recovered COVID-19 patients (COV, n = 14, at least 14 days following recovery) and a group of healthy age-matched controls (CTR, n = 14). Ground reaction forces from stepping on a force plate while barefoot overground running at 3.3 m/s was measured before and after a fatiguing protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of incrementally increasing running speed until reaching a score of 13 on the 6–20 Borg scale, followed by steady-state running until exhaustion. The effects of group and fatigue were assessed for steady-state running duration, steady-state running speed, ground contact time, vertical instantaneous loading rate and peak propulsion force.
Results: COV runners completed only 56% of the running time achieved by the CTR (p < 0.0001), and at a 26% slower steady-state running speed (p < 0.0001). There were fatigue-related reductions in loading rate (p = 0.004) without group differences. Increased ground contact time (p = 0.002) and reduced peak propulsion force (p = 0.005) were found for COV when compared to CTR.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that female runners who recovered from COVID-19 showed compromised running endurance and altered running kinetics in the form of longer stance periods and weaker propulsion forces. More research is needed in this area using larger sample sizes to confirm our study findings.
KW - hospitalization
KW - running mechanics
KW - ground reaction forces
KW - virus infection
KW - COVID-19
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.942589
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kath, Nadja Jeanette
A1 - Gaedke, Ursula
A1 - van Velzen, Ellen
T1 - The double-edged sword of inducible defences: costs and benefits of maladaptive switching from the individual to the community level
JF - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Phenotypic plasticity can increase individual fitness when environmental conditions change over time. Inducible defences are a striking example, allowing species to react to fluctuating predation pressure by only expressing their costly defended phenotype under high predation risk. Previous theoretical investigations have focused on how this affects predator–prey dynamics, but the impact on competitive outcomes and broader community dynamics has received less attention. Here we use a small food web model, consisting of two competing plastic autotrophic species exploited by a shared consumer, to study how the speed of inducible defences across three trade-off constellations affects autotroph coexistence, biomasses across trophic levels, and temporal variability. Contrary to the intuitive idea that faster adaptation increases autotroph fitness, we found that higher switching rates reduced individual fitness as it consistently provoked more maladaptive switching towards undefended phenotypes under high predation pressure. This had an unexpected positive impact on the consumer, increasing consumer biomass and lowering total autotroph biomass. Additionally, maladaptive switching strongly reduced autotroph coexistence through an emerging source-sink dynamic between defended and undefended phenotypes. The striking impact of maladaptive switching on species and food web dynamics indicates that this mechanism may be of more critical importance than previously recognized.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1288
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572006
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 1288
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kath, Nadja Jeanette
A1 - Gaedke, Ursula
A1 - van Velzen, Ellen
T1 - The double-edged sword of inducible defences: costs and benefits of maladaptive switching from the individual to the community level
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - Phenotypic plasticity can increase individual fitness when environmental conditions change over time. Inducible defences are a striking example, allowing species to react to fluctuating predation pressure by only expressing their costly defended phenotype under high predation risk. Previous theoretical investigations have focused on how this affects predator–prey dynamics, but the impact on competitive outcomes and broader community dynamics has received less attention. Here we use a small food web model, consisting of two competing plastic autotrophic species exploited by a shared consumer, to study how the speed of inducible defences across three trade-off constellations affects autotroph coexistence, biomasses across trophic levels, and temporal variability. Contrary to the intuitive idea that faster adaptation increases autotroph fitness, we found that higher switching rates reduced individual fitness as it consistently provoked more maladaptive switching towards undefended phenotypes under high predation pressure. This had an unexpected positive impact on the consumer, increasing consumer biomass and lowering total autotroph biomass. Additionally, maladaptive switching strongly reduced autotroph coexistence through an emerging source-sink dynamic between defended and undefended phenotypes. The striking impact of maladaptive switching on species and food web dynamics indicates that this mechanism may be of more critical importance than previously recognized.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13895-7
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Deeken, Friederike
A1 - Reichert, Markus
A1 - Zech, Hilmar
A1 - Wenzel, Julia
A1 - Wedemeyer, Friederike
A1 - Aguilera, Alvaro
A1 - Aslan, Acelya
A1 - Bach, Patrick
A1 - Bahr, Nadja Samia
A1 - Ebrahimi, Claudia
A1 - Fischbach, Pascale Christine
A1 - Ganz, Marvin
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Großkopf, Charlotte M.
A1 - Heigert, Marie
A1 - Hentschel, Angela
A1 - Karl, Damian
A1 - Pelz, Patricia
A1 - Pinger, Mathieu
A1 - Riemerschmid, Carlotta
A1 - Rosenthal, Annika
A1 - Steffen, Johannes
A1 - Strehle, Jens
A1 - Weiss,, Franziska
A1 - Wieder, Gesine
A1 - Wieland, Alfred
A1 - Zaiser, Judith
A1 - Zimmermann, Sina
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Lenz, Bernd
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Liu, Shuyan
A1 - Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany
JF - JAMA Network Open
N2 - Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence.
Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms.
Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021).
Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates.
Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year’s Eve (β = 66.88; 95% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = −5.45; 95% CI, −8.00 to −2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = −11.10; 95% CI, −13.63 to −8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = −6.14; 95% CI, −9.96 to −2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = −6.26; 95% CI, −10.18 to −2.34; P = .002).
Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - JAMA Network / American Medical Association
CY - Chicago, Illinois, USA
ET - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1 - Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro
A1 - Thapa, Rohit Kumar
A1 - Afonso, José
A1 - Clemente, Filipe Manuel Batista
A1 - Colado, Juan C.
A1 - Eduardo, Saéz de Villarreal
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
T1 - Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Measures of Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance of Water Sports Athletes
BT - A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
JF - Sports Medicine - Open
N2 - Background
A growing body of literature is available regarding the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (PF) and sport-specific performance (SSP) in-water sports athletes (WSA, i.e. those competing in sports that are practiced on [e.g. rowing] or in [e.g. swimming; water polo] water). Indeed, incoherent findings have been observed across individual studies making it difficult to provide the scientific community and coaches with consistent evidence. As such, a comprehensive systematic literature search should be conducted to clarify the existent evidence, identify the major gaps in the literature, and offer recommendations for future studies.
Aim
To examine the effects of PJT compared with active/specific-active controls on the PF (one-repetition maximum back squat strength, squat jump height, countermovement jump height, horizontal jump distance, body mass, fat mass, thigh girth) and SSP (in-water vertical jump, in-water agility, time trial) outcomes in WSA, through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies.
Methods
The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2022. According to the PICOS approach, the eligibility criteria were: (population) healthy WSA; (intervention) PJT interventions involving unilateral and/or bilateral jumps, and a minimal duration of ≥ 3 weeks; (comparator) active (i.e. standard sports training) or specific-active (i.e. alternative training intervention) control group(s); (outcome) at least one measure of PF (e.g. jump height) and/or SSP (e.g. time trial) before and after training; and (study design) multi-groups randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses, reporting effect sizes (ES, i.e. Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), considering its five dimensions: risk of bias in studies, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and risk of publication bias.
Results
A total of 11,028 studies were identified with 26 considered eligible for inclusion. The median PEDro score across the included studies was 5.5 (moderate-to-high methodological quality). The included studies involved a total of 618 WSA of both sexes (330 participants in the intervention groups [31 groups] and 288 participants in the control groups [26 groups]), aged between 10 and 26 years, and from different sports disciplines such as swimming, triathlon, rowing, artistic swimming, and water polo. The duration of the training programmes in the intervention and control groups ranged from 4 to 36 weeks. The results of the meta-analysis indicated no effects of PJT compared to control conditions (including specific-active controls) for in-water vertical jump or agility (ES = − 0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.477 to 0.899), or for body mass, fat mass, and thigh girth (ES = 0.06 to 0.15; p = 0.452 to 0.841). In terms of measures of PF, moderate-to-large effects were noted in favour of the PJT groups compared to the control groups (including specific-active control groups) for one-repetition maximum back squat strength, horizontal jump distance, squat jump height, and countermovement jump height (ES = 0.67 to 1.47; p = 0.041 to < 0.001), in addition to a small effect noted in favour of the PJT for SSP time-trial speed (ES = 0.42; p = 0.005). Certainty of evidence across the included studies varied from very low-to-moderate.
Conclusions
PJT is more effective to improve measures of PF and SSP in WSA compared to control conditions involving traditional sport-specific training as well as alternative training interventions (e.g. resistance training). It is worth noting that the present findings are derived from 26 studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality, low-to-moderate impact of heterogeneity, and very low-to-moderate certainty of evidence based on GRADE.
Trial registration The protocol for this systematic review with meta-analysis was published in the Open Science platform (OSF) on January 23, 2022, under the registration doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NWHS3 (internet archive link: https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-nwhs3-v1).
KW - Plyometric exercise
KW - Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena
KW - Human physical conditioning
KW - Movement
KW - Muscle strength
KW - Resistance training
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00502-2
SN - 2198-9761
VL - 8
SP - 1
EP - 27
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mtilatila, Lucy Mphatso Ng'ombe
A1 - Bronstert, Axel
A1 - Vormoor, Klaus Josef
T1 - Temporal evaluation and projections of meteorological droughts in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin, Southeast Africa
JF - Frontiers in Water
N2 - The study examined the potential future changes of drought characteristics in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin in Southeast Africa. This region strongly depends on water resources to generate electricity and food. Future projections (considering both moderate and high emission scenarios) of temperature and precipitation from an ensemble of 16 bias-corrected climate model combinations were blended with a scenario-neutral response surface approach to analyses changes in: (i) the meteorological conditions, (ii) the meteorological water balance, and (iii) selected drought characteristics such as drought intensity, drought months, and drought events, which were derived from the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index. Changes were analyzed for a near-term (2021–2050) and far-term period (2071–2100) with reference to 1976–2005. The effect of bias-correction (i.e., empirical quantile mapping) on the ability of the climate model ensemble to reproduce observed drought characteristics as compared to raw climate projections was also investigated. Results suggest that the bias-correction improves the climate models in terms of reproducing temperature and precipitation statistics but not drought characteristics. Still, despite the differences in the internal structures and uncertainties that exist among the climate models, they all agree on an increase of meteorological droughts in the future in terms of higher drought intensity and longer events. Drought intensity is projected to increase between +25 and +50% during 2021–2050 and between +131 and +388% during 2071–2100. This translates into +3 to +5, and +7 to +8 more drought months per year during both periods, respectively. With longer lasting drought events, the number of drought events decreases. Projected droughts based on the high emission scenario are 1.7 times more severe than droughts based on the moderate scenario. That means that droughts in this region will likely become more severe in the coming decades. Despite the inherent high uncertainties of climate projections, the results provide a basis in planning and (water-)managing activities for climate change adaptation measures in Malawi. This is of particular relevance for water management issues referring hydro power generation and food production, both for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.
KW - meteorological drought
KW - drought intensity
KW - climate change
KW - drought events
KW - Lake Malawi
KW - Shire River
KW - drought projections
KW - South-Eastern Africa
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.1041452
SN - 2624-9375
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Xiaoping
A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1 - Flores Castellanos, Junio
A1 - Compart, Julia
A1 - Muntaha, Sidratul Nur
A1 - Fettke, Jörg
T1 - Dpe2/phs1 revealed unique starch metabolism with three distinct phases characterized by different starch granule numbers per chloroplast, allowing insights into the control mechanism of granule number regulation by gene co-regulation and metabolic profiling
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2 - An Arabidopsis mutant lacking both the cytosolic Disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial glucan Phosphorylase 1 (PHS1) revealed a unique starch metabolism. Dpe2/phs1 has been reported to have only one starch granule number per chloroplast when grown under diurnal rhythm. For this study, we analyzed dpe2/phs1 in details following the mutant development, and found that it showed three distinct periods of granule numbers per chloroplast, while there was no obvious change observed in Col-0. In young plants, the starch granule number was similar to that in Col-0 at first, and then decreased significantly, down to one or no granule per chloroplast, followed by an increase in the granule number. Thus, in dpe2/phs1, control over the starch granule number is impaired, but it is not defective in starch granule initiation. The data also indicate that the granule number is not fixed, and is regulated throughout plant growth. Furthermore, the chloroplasts revealed alterations during these three periods, with a partially strong aberrant morphology in the middle phase. Interestingly, the unique metabolism was perpetuated when starch degradation was further impaired through an additional lack of Isoamylase 3 (ISA3) or Starch excess 4 (SEX4). Transcriptomic studies and metabolic profiling revealed the co-regulation of starch metabolism-related genes and a clear metabolic separation between the periods. Most senescence-induced genes were found to be up-regulated more than twice in the starch-less mature leaves. Thus, dpe2/phs1 is a unique plant material source, with which we may study starch granule number regulation to obtain a more detailed understanding.
KW - LCSM
KW - RNA-Seq
KW - metabolic-profiling
KW - starch granule number regulation
KW - starch initiation
KW - starch degradation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1039534
SN - 1664-462X
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio
A1 - Angelopoulos, Michael
A1 - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1 - Grosse, Guido
A1 - Jones, Benjamin M.
A1 - Tronicke, Jens
T1 - Exploring the capabilities of electrical resistivity tomography to study subsea permafrost
JF - The Cryosphere
N2 - Sea level rise and coastal erosion have inundated large areas of Arctic permafrost. Submergence by warm and saline waters increases the rate of inundated permafrost thaw compared to sub-aerial thawing on land. Studying the contact between the unfrozen and frozen sediments below the seabed, also known as the ice-bearing permafrost table (IBPT), provides valuable information to understand the evolution of sub-aquatic permafrost, which is key to improving and understanding coastal erosion prediction models and potential greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we use data from 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) collected in the nearshore coastal zone of two Arctic regions that differ in their environmental conditions (e.g., seawater depth and resistivity) to image and study the subsea permafrost. The inversion of 2D ERT data sets is commonly performed using deterministic approaches that favor smoothed solutions, which are typically interpreted using a user-specified resistivity threshold to identify the IBPT position. In contrast, to target the IBPT position directly during inversion, we use a layer-based model parameterization and a global optimization approach to invert our ERT data. This approach results in ensembles of layered 2D model solutions, which we use to identify the IBPT and estimate the resistivity of the unfrozen and frozen sediments, including estimates of uncertainties. Additionally, we globally invert 1D synthetic resistivity data and perform sensitivity analyses to study, in a simpler way, the correlations and influences of our model parameters. The set of methods provided in this study may help to further exploit ERT data collected in such permafrost environments as well as for the design of future field experiments.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4423-2022
SN - 1994-0424
VL - 16
SP - 4423
EP - 4445
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Melanie
A1 - Brettin, Jana
A1 - Roessner, Sigrid
A1 - Walz, Ariane
A1 - Fort, Monique
A1 - Korup, Oliver
T1 - Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal
JF - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
N2 - Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s−1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 % of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3105-2022
SN - 1684-9981
VL - 22
SP - 3105
EP - 3123
PB - Copernicus Publications
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ET - 9
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voit, Paul
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
T1 - A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales
JF - NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
N2 - Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a “cross-scale weather extremity index” (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum.
Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI.
While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2791-2022
SN - 1684-9981
VL - 22
SP - 2791
EP - 2805
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ET - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Evans, Myfanwy E.
A1 - Hyde, Stephen T.
T1 - Symmetric Tangling of Honeycomb Networks
JF - Symmetry
N2 - Symmetric, elegantly entangled structures are a curious mathematical construction that has found their way into the heart of the chemistry lab and the toolbox of constructive geometry. Of particular interest are those structures—knots, links and weavings—which are composed locally of simple twisted strands and are globally symmetric. This paper considers the symmetric tangling of multiple 2-periodic honeycomb networks. We do this using a constructive methodology borrowing elements of graph theory, low-dimensional topology and geometry. The result is a wide-ranging enumeration of symmetric tangled honeycomb networks, providing a foundation for their exploration in both the chemistry lab and the geometers toolbox.
KW - tangles
KW - knots
KW - networks
KW - periodic entanglement
KW - molecular weaving
KW - graphs
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091805
SN - 2073-8994
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 9
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reeg, Jette
A1 - Strigl, Lea
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
T1 - Agricultural buffer zone thresholds to safeguard functional bee diversity
BT - Insights from a community modeling approach
JF - Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Wild bee species are important pollinators in agricultural landscapes. However, population decline was reported over the last decades and is still ongoing. While agricultural intensification is a major driver of the rapid loss of pollinating species, transition zones between arable fields and forest or grassland patches, i.e., agricultural buffer zones, are frequently mentioned as suitable mitigation measures to support wild bee populations and other pollinator species. Despite the reported general positive effect, it remains unclear which amount of buffer zones is needed to ensure a sustainable and permanent impact for enhancing bee diversity and abundance. To address this question at a pollinator community level, we implemented a process-based, spatially explicit simulation model of functional bee diversity dynamics in an agricultural landscape. More specifically, we introduced a variable amount of agricultural buffer zones (ABZs) at the transition of arable to grassland, or arable to forest patches to analyze the impact on bee functional diversity and functional richness. We focused our study on solitary bees in a typical agricultural area in the Northeast of Germany. Our results showed positive effects with at least 25% of virtually implemented agricultural buffer zones. However, higher amounts of ABZs of at least 75% should be considered to ensure a sufficient increase in Shannon diversity and decrease in quasi-extinction risks. These high amounts of ABZs represent effective conservation measures to safeguard the stability of pollination services provided by solitary bee species. As the model structure can be easily adapted to other mobile species in agricultural landscapes, our community approach offers the chance to compare the effectiveness of conservation measures also for other pollinator communities in future.
KW - agricultural landscape
KW - buffer zones
KW - community model
KW - functional traits
KW - solitary bees
KW - spatially explicit
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8748
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Wiley Online Library
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ET - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Röthlisberger, Livia
T1 - Transformative Justice in South Sudan
BT - The Transformative Potential of a Contextualized Transitional Justice Process
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - This chapter takes the ongoing conflict in South Sudan as a starting point for assessing the concept of transitional justice as such and its implementation in the country in particular. Following a brief description of the conflict and the peace processes, the author sheds light on the shortcomings of the established concept of transitional justice in the situation at hand. Then, the author outlines the alternate concept of transformational justice und takes a closer look at its implications on the situation in South Sudan. The author highlights existing initiatives of transformative justice and is very much in favour of their victim-centered approach.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570480
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 167
EP - 191
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaser, Lucas
T1 - Transitional Justice and Nonviolent Resistance
BT - Mutually Reinforcing Frameworks for the Consolidation of Democracies?
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - At different times and places, civic engagement in nonviolent resistance (NVR) has repeatedly shown to be an effective tool in times of conflict to initiate societal change from below. History teaches us that there have been successes (Mahatma Gandhi in India) and failures (the Tiananmen Square protests in China).
Along with the recognition of the duality between transformative potential and stark consequences, the historical development of NVR was accompanied by the emergence of scholarly debate, fractured along disputes around purpose, character and effectivity of nonviolent actions taken by civil society stakeholders engaged in making their voices heard. One of the field’s current points of interest is the examination of the long-term effects of NVR movements resulting in societal transformation on the stability and adequacy of a subsequently altered or emerging democracy, suggesting that NVR contributes positively to the sustainable and representative design of an egalitarian governing system.
The conclusion of the Nepalese civil war in 2006 should pose as an unambiguous example for the illustration of this phenomenon, but simultaneously raises the question why there was no successful implementation of a transitional process focusing on the needs of the victims.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570470
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 139
EP - 165
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Conner, Sean
T1 - Structural and Socioeconomic Approaches to Justice
BT - Transformative Justice in Nicaragua’s ‘Dual Transition’
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - Transitional justice is conventionally theorized as how a society deals with past injustices after regime change and alongside democratization. Nonetheless, scholars have not reached a consensus on what is to be included or excluded. Recent ideas of transformative justice seek to expand the understanding of transitional justice to include systemic restructuring and socioeconomic considerations. In the context of Nicaragua — where two transitions occurred within an 11-year span — very little transitional justice took place, in terms of the conventional concept of top-down legalistic mechanisms; however, distinct structural changes and socioeconomic policies can be found with each regime change. By analyzing the transformative justice elements of Nicaragua’s dual transition, this chapter seeks to expand the understanding of transitional justice to include how these factors influence goals of transitions such as sustainable peace and reconciliation for past injustices. The results argue for increased attention to transformative justice theories and a more nuanced conception of justice.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570170
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 111
EP - 138
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlör, Anja
A1 - Hirschberg, Stefan
A1 - Ben Amor, Ghada
A1 - Meister, Toni Luise
A1 - Arora, Prerna
A1 - Pöhlmann, Stefan
A1 - Hoffmann, Markus
A1 - Pfänder, Stephanie
A1 - Eddin, Omar Kamal
A1 - Kamhieh-Milz, Julian
A1 - Hanack, Katja
T1 - SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies as powerful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
N2 - Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern such as B.1.617.2 (Delta) and recently, B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is posing multiple challenges to humanity. The rapid evolution of the virus requires adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Objectives: In this study, we describe camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (hcAb) as useful tools for novel in vitro diagnostic assays and for therapeutic applications due to their neutralizing capacity.
Methods: Five antibody candidates were selected out of a naïve camelid library by phage display and expressed as full length IgG2 antibodies. The antibodies were characterized by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance with regard to their specificity to the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Neutralization assays were performed with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and pseudotyped viruses (wildtype and Omicron).
Results: All antibodies efficiently detect recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in different ELISA setups. The best combination was shown with hcAb B10 as catcher antibody and HRP-conjugated hcAb A7.2 as the detection antibody. Further, four out of five antibodies potently neutralized authentic wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins of the wildtype and Omicron variant, sublineage BA.1 at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.35 ng/mL (ND50).
Conclusion: Collectively, we report novel camelid hcAbs suitable for diagnostics and potential therapy.
KW - camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies
KW - single domain antibodies
KW - nanobodies
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - neutralization
KW - Omicron
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930975
SN - 1664-3224
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mair, Theresa
T1 - Transforming Transitional Justice to Address Colonial Crime
BT - The Nama’s and Herero’s Claim for Justice for Germany’s Colonial Genocide in Namibia
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - While the concept of transitional justice and its range of measures have gained importance on an international level to come to terms with major crimes of the past, colonial crimes and mass violence committed by Western actors have not been addressed by transitional justice so far. In this chapter, the Herero’s and Nama’s struggle for justice for the genocide on their ancestors by Germany from 1904 – 1908 and the arising challenges are set in relation to conceptual debates in the field of transitional justice. Building on current debates in the field, suggesting more structural and transformative conceptualizations of transitional justice and an approach ‘from below’, it is argued that decolonial activism of formerly colonized communities and transitional justice debates can inform each other in a dialogic and fruitful form to formulate suggestions for a process towards post-colonial justice.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570160
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 73
EP - 109
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Francisco Vásquez Carruthers, Juan
T1 - Transitional Justice and Political Opportunism
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - This paper aims to contribute a different approach to transitional justice, one in which political decisions are rocketed to the forefront of the research. Theory asserts that, after a transition to democracy, it is the constituency who defines the direction a country will take. Therefore, pleasing them should be at the fore of the responses taken by those in power. However, reality distances itself from theory. History provides us with many examples of the contrary, which indicates that the politicization of transitional justice is an ever-present event. The first section will outline current definitions and obstacles faced by transitional justice, focusing on the implicit ties between them and the aforementioned politicization. An original categorization of Transitional Justice as a method of analysis will also be introduced, which I denominate Political Opportunism. The case of Argentina, a country that is usually described as a model to export but that after 35 years is still dealing with the consequences brought by the contradictions of using several methods of justice, will then be reinterpreted through this perspective. At the end of the paper, the inevitable question will be posed: can this new angle be exported and implemented in every transition?
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570153
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 39
EP - 71
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Verlaan, Stephanie
T1 - The Misapplication of Western Conflict and Reconciliation Theories on New World Wars
JF - Transitional Justice : Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik ; 7)
N2 - This chapter deals with the problem that theories of peace building, conflict resolution and reconciliation were predominately created in the West and, therefore, do not necessarily fit the understanding of peace, conflict, and resolution in non-Western societies and cultures. Within these societies, the acceptance of suffering may also be higher, which leads to different priorities of conflict resolution approaches. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the question of whether the current understanding of wars and the nature of conflict change the basis of established conflict theories. These theoretical approaches are then applied in Sierra Leone as a non-Western negotiation scenario.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570149
SN - 978-3-86956-473-9
SN - 1869-2443
SN - 1867-2663
IS - 7
SP - 11
EP - 38
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Püschel, Gerhard
A1 - Klauder, Julia
A1 - Henkel-Oberländer, Janin
T1 - Macrophages, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
BT - A mutual ambiguous relationship in the development of metabolic diseases
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal
N2 - Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver.
KW - NAFLD/MAFLD
KW - type 2 diabetes
KW - obesity
KW - vicious cycle
KW - TLR signaling
KW - M1/M2 differentiation
KW - Akt pathway
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154358
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 11
IS - 15
SP - 1
EP - 30
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hering, Robert
A1 - Hauptfleisch, Morgan
A1 - Jago, Mark
A1 - Smith, Taylor
A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1 - Stiegler, Jonas
A1 - Blaum, Niels
T1 - Don't stop me now: Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary kudu's use of space was less affected by the VCF; migratory, mixed-feeding springbok, and eland benefited from gaps by gaining forage quality and quantity after crossing. This highlights the importance of access to vast areas to allow ungulates to track vital vegetation patches.
KW - veterinary cordon fence
KW - ungulate
KW - fence ecology
KW - resource-tracking
KW - energy expenditure
KW - accelerometer
KW - GPS
KW - wildlife and habitat management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.907079
SN - 2296-701X
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pawlak, Julia
A1 - Noetzel, Dominique Christian
A1 - Drago, Claudia
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
T1 - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales
JF - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2 - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect.
KW - microplastics
KW - rotifer
KW - freshwater
KW - natural particle
KW - toxicity
KW - environmental pollution
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.955425
SN - 2296-665X
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
A1 - Bell, Elanor Margaret
T1 - Complex Trophic Interactions in an Acidophilic Microbial Community
JF - Microorganisms
N2 - Extreme habitats often harbor specific communities that differ substantially from non-extreme habitats. In many cases, these communities are characterized by archaea, bacteria and protists, whereas the number of species of metazoa and higher plants is relatively low. In extremely acidic habitats, mostly prokaryotes and protists thrive, and only very few metazoa thrive, for example, rotifers. Since many studies have investigated the physiology and ecology of individual species, there is still a gap in research on direct, trophic interactions among extremophiles. To fill this gap, we experimentally studied the trophic interactions between a predatory protist (Actinophrys sol, Heliozoa) and its prey, the rotifers Elosa woralli and Cephalodella sp., the ciliate Urosomoida sp. and the mixotrophic protist Chlamydomonas acidophila (a green phytoflagellate, Chlorophyta). We found substantial predation pressure on all animal prey. High densities of Chlamydomonas acidophila reduced the predation impact on the rotifers by interfering with the feeding behaviour of A. sol. These trophic relations represent a natural case of intraguild predation, with Chlamydomonas acidophila being the common prey and the rotifers/ciliate and A. sol being the intraguild prey and predator, respectively. We further studied this intraguild predation along a resource gradient using Cephalodella sp. as the intraguild prey. The interactions among the three species led to an increase in relative rotifer abundance with increasing resource (Chlamydomonas) densities. By applying a series of laboratory experiments, we revealed the complexity of trophic interactions within a natural extremophilic community.
KW - acid mine drainage
KW - extremophiles
KW - food web
KW - heliozoa
KW - intraguild predation
KW - mining lakes
KW - Rotifera
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071340
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 7
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Atmani, Farid
A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1 - Smith, Taylor
T1 - Measuring vegetation heights and their seasonal changes in the Western Namibian Savanna using spaceborne lidars
JF - Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2 - The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) with its land and vegetation height data product (ATL08), and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) with its terrain elevation and height metrics data product (GEDI Level 2A) missions have great potential to globally map ground and canopy heights. Canopy height is a key factor in estimating above-ground biomass and its seasonal changes; these satellite missions can also improve estimated above-ground carbon stocks. This study presents a novel Sparse Vegetation Detection Algorithm (SVDA) which uses ICESat-2 (ATL03, geolocated photons) data to map tree and vegetation heights in a sparsely vegetated savanna ecosystem. The SVDA consists of three main steps: First, noise photons are filtered using the signal confidence flag from ATL03 data and local point statistics. Second, we classify ground photons based on photon height percentiles. Third, tree and grass photons are classified based on the number of neighbors. We validated tree heights with field measurements (n = 55), finding a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.82 m using SVDA, GEDI Level 2A (Geolocated Elevation and Height Metrics product): 1.33 m, and ATL08: 5.59 m. Our results indicate that the SVDA is effective in identifying canopy photons in savanna ecosystems, where ATL08 performs poorly. We further identify seasonal vegetation height changes with an emphasis on vegetation below 3 m; widespread height changes in this class from two wet-dry cycles show maximum seasonal changes of 1 m, possibly related to seasonal grass-height differences. Our study shows the difficulties of vegetation measurements in savanna ecosystems but provides the first estimates of seasonal biomass changes.
KW - ICESat-2
KW - GEDI
KW - canopy height
KW - lidar
KW - savanna
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122928
SN - 2072-4292
VL - 14
IS - 12
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 12
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Czarnecka, Malgorzata
A1 - Weichelt, Ulrike
A1 - Rödiger, Stefan
A1 - Hanack, Katja
T1 - Novel Anti Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids Full-Length Recombinant Camelid Heavy-Chain Antibody for the Detection of miRNA
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2 - The discovery that certain diseases have specific miRNA signatures which correspond to disease progression opens a new biomarker category. The detection of these small non-coding RNAs is performed routinely using body fluids or tissues with real-time PCR, next-generation sequencing, or amplification-based miRNA assays. Antibody-based detection systems allow an easy onset handling compared to PCR or sequencing and can be considered as alternative methods to support miRNA diagnostic in the future. In this study, we describe the generation of a camelid heavy-chain-only antibody specifically recognizing miRNAs to establish an antibody-based detection method. The generation of nucleic acid-specific binders is a challenge. We selected camelid binders via phage display, expressed them as VHH as well as full-length antibodies, and characterized the binding to several miRNAs from a signature specific for dilated cardiomyopathy. The described workflow can be used to create miRNA-specific binders and establish antibody-based detection methods to provide an additional way to analyze disease-specific miRNA signatures.
KW - antibody
KW - camelid antibody
KW - heavy-chain-only antibody
KW - miRNA
KW - nucleic acids
KW - novel biomarkers
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116275
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 23
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mientus, Lukas
A1 - Hume, Anne
A1 - Wulff, Peter
A1 - Meiners, Antoinette
A1 - Borowski, Andreas
T1 - Modelling STEM teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in the framework of the refined consensus model
BT - A systematic literature review
JF - Education Sciences : open access journal
N2 - Science education researchers have developed a refined understanding of the structure of science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), but how to develop applicable and situation-adequate PCK remains largely unclear. A potential problem lies in the diverse conceptualisations of the PCK used in PCK research. This study sought to systematize existing science education research on PCK through the lens of the recently proposed refined consensus model (RCM) of PCK. In this review, the studies’ approaches to investigating PCK and selected findings were characterised and synthesised as an overview comparing research before and after the publication of the RCM. We found that the studies largely employed a qualitative case-study methodology that included specific PCK models and tools. However, in recent years, the studies focused increasingly on quantitative aspects. Furthermore, results of the reviewed studies can mostly be integrated into the RCM. We argue that the RCM can function as a meaningful theoretical lens for conceptualizing links between teaching practice and PCK development by proposing pedagogical reasoning as a mechanism and/or explanation for PCK development in the context of teaching practice.
KW - pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)
KW - refined consensus model (RCM)
KW - pedagogical reasoning
KW - teaching practice
KW - science teaching
KW - literature review
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060385
SN - 2227-7102
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weiß, Norman
A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas
T1 - Remarks on the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-83910-826-6
SN - 978-1-83910-827-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839108273
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham ; Northampton, MA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
A1 - Bogena, Heye
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Güntner, Andreas
A1 - Jakobi, Jannis
A1 - Rasche, Daniel
A1 - Schrön, Martin
A1 - Döpper, Veronika
A1 - Fersch, Benjamin
A1 - Groh, Jannis
A1 - Patil, Amol
A1 - Pütz, Thomas
A1 - Reich, Marvin
A1 - Zacharias, Steffen
A1 - Zengerle, Carmen
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
T1 - Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach
JF - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km2 Wüstebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land–atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022
SN - 1866-3516
SN - 1866-3508
VL - 14
IS - 5
SP - 2501
EP - 2519
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ellermann, Christin
A1 - McDowell, Michelle
A1 - Schirren, Clara O.
A1 - Lindemann, Ann-Kathrin
A1 - Koch, Severine
A1 - Lohmann, Mark
A1 - Jenny, Mirjam Annina
T1 - Identifying content to improve risk assessment communications within the Risk Profile: Literature reviews and focus groups with expert and non-expert stakeholders
JF - PLoS ONE
N2 - Objective
To improve consumer decision making, the results of risk assessments on food, feed, consumer products or chemicals need to be communicated not only to experts but also to non-expert audiences. The present study draws on evidence from literature reviews and focus groups with diverse stakeholders to identify content to integrate into an existing risk assessment communication (Risk Profile).
Methods
A combination of rapid literature reviews and focus groups with experts (risk assessors (n = 15), risk managers (n = 8)), and non-experts (general public (n = 18)) were used to identify content and strategies for including information about risk assessment results in the “Risk Profile” from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. Feedback from initial focus groups was used to develop communication prototypes that informed subsequent feedback rounds in an iterative process. A final prototype was validated in usability tests with experts.
Results
Focus group feedback and suggestions from risk assessors were largely in line with findings from the literature. Risk managers and lay persons offered similar suggestions on how to improve the existing communication of risk assessment results (e.g., including more explanatory detail, reporting probabilities for individual health impairments, and specifying risks for subgroups in additional sections). Risk managers found information about quality of evidence important to communicate, whereas people from the general public found this information less relevant. Participants from lower educational backgrounds had difficulties understanding the purpose of risk assessments. User tests found that the final prototype was appropriate and feasible to implement by risk assessors.
Conclusion
An iterative and evidence-based process was used to develop content to improve the communication of risk assessments to the general public while being feasible to use by risk assessors. Remaining challenges include how to communicate dose-response relationships and standardise quality of evidence ratings across disciplines.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266800
SN - 1553-7358
VL - 17
PB - Public Library of Science (PLOS)
CY - San Francisco, California, USA
ET - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Martinez-Martin, Isidoro
A1 - Garcia-Tormo, José Vicente
A1 - Herrero-Molleda, Alba
A1 - Barbado, David
A1 - García López, Juan
T1 - Physical fitness and throwing speed in U13 versus U15 male handball players
JF - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
N2 - Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the shoulder functional profile (rotation range of motion [ROM] and strength), upper and lower body performance, and throwing speed of U13 versus U15 male handball players, and to establish the relationship between these measures of physical fitness and throwing speed.
Methods
One-hundred and nineteen young male handball players (under (U)-13 (U13) [n = 85]) and U15 [n = 34]) volunteered to participate in this study. The participating athletes had a mean background of sytematic handball training of 5.5 ± 2.8 years and they exercised on average 540 ± 10.1 min per week including sport-specific team handball training and strength and conditioning programs. Players were tested for passive shoulder range-of-motion (ROM) for both internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) and isometric strength (i.e., IR and ER) of the dominant/non-dominant shoulders, overhead medicine ball throw (OMB), hip isometric abductor (ABD) and adductor (ADD) strength, hip ROM, jumps (countermovement jump [CMJ] and triple leg-hop [3H] for distance), linear sprint test, modified 505 change-of-direction (COD) test and handball throwing speed (7 m [HT7] and 9 m [HT9]).
Results
U15 players outperformed U13 in upper (i.e., HT7 and HT9 speed, OMB, absolute IR and ER strength of the dominant and non-dominant sides; Cohen’s d: 0.76–2.13) and lower body (i.e., CMJ, 3H, 20-m sprint and COD, hip ABD and ADD; d: 0.70–2.33) performance measures. Regarding shoulder ROM outcomes, a lower IR ROM was found of the dominant side in the U15 group compared to the U13 and a higher ER ROM on both sides in U15 (d: 0.76–1.04). It seems that primarily anthropometric characteristics (i.e., body height, body mass) and upper body strength/power (OMB distance) are the most important factors that explain the throw speed variance in male handball players, particularly in U13.
Conclusions
Findings from this study imply that regular performance monitoring is important for performance development and for minimizing injury risk of the shoulder in both age categories of young male handball players. Besides measures of physical fitness, anthropometric data should be recorded because handball throwing performance is related to these measures.
KW - Overhead athletes
KW - Shoulder
KW - Injury risk
KW - Sport-specific performance
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00507-0
SN - 1758-2555
VL - 14
PB - Springer
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Delfan, Maryam
A1 - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh
A1 - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar
A1 - Nielsen, Jens Høiriis
A1 - Delfan, Neda
A1 - Laher, Ismail
A1 - Saeidi, Ayoub
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Zouhal, Hassane
T1 - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats
JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
N2 - Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.
Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions.
Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers.
KW - diabetes
KW - apoptosis
KW - miRNAs
KW - exercise
KW - cardiomyopathy
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.927956
SN - 2297-055X
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1 - Grahn, Patricia
A1 - Bestgen, Felix
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1 - Stress management in pre-and postoperative care amongst practitioners and patients in cardiac catheterization laboratory: a study protocol
JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
N2 - Background: As the number of cardiac diseases continuously increases within the last years in modern society, so does cardiac treatment, especially cardiac catheterization. The procedure of a cardiac catheterization is challenging for both patients and practitioners. Several potential stressors of psychological or physical nature can occur during the procedure. The objective of the study is to develop and implement a stress management intervention for both practitioners and patients that aims to reduce the psychological and physical strain of a cardiac catheterization.
Methods: The clinical study (DRKS00026624) includes two randomized controlled intervention trials with parallel groups, for patients with elective cardiac catheterization and practitioners at the catheterization lab, in two clinic sites of the Ernst-von-Bergmann clinic network in Brandenburg, Germany. Both groups received different interventions for stress management. The intervention for patients comprises a psychoeducational video with different stress management technics and additional a standardized medical information about the cardiac catheterization examination. The control condition includes the in hospitals practiced medical patient education before the examination (usual care). Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters and validated questionnaires, the day before (M1) and after (M2) the cardiac catheterization and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). It is expected that people with standardized information and psychoeducation show reduced complications during cardiac catheterization procedures, better pre- and post-operative wellbeing, regeneration, mood and lower stress levels over time. The intervention for practitioners includes a Mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) over 8 weeks supervised by an experienced MBSR practitioner directly at the clinic site and an operative guideline. It is expected that practitioners with intervention show improved perceived and chronic stress, occupational health, physical and mental function, higher effort-reward balance, regeneration and quality of life. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters (heart rate variability, saliva cortisol) and validated questionnaires and will be assessed before (M1) and after (M2) the MBSR intervention and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). Physiological biomarkers in practitioners will be assessed before (M1) and after intervention (M2) on two work days and a two days off. Intervention effects in both groups (practitioners and patients) will be evaluated separately using multivariate variance analysis.
Discussion: This study evaluates the effectiveness of two stress management intervention programs for patients and practitioners within cardiac catheter laboratory. Study will disclose strains during a cardiac catheterization affecting both patients and practitioners. For practitioners it may contribute to improved working conditions and occupational safety, preservation of earning capacity, avoidance of participation restrictions and loss of performance. In both groups less anxiety, stress and complications before and during the procedures can be expected. The study may add knowledge how to eliminate stressful exposures and to contribute to more (psychological) security, less output losses and exhaustion during work. The evolved stress management guidelines, training manuals and the standardized patient education should be transferred into clinical routines
KW - stress management
KW - mindfulness-based stress reduction
KW - psychoeducation
KW - standardized patient information
KW - stress intervention
KW - distress
KW - study protocol
KW - cardiac catheterization (CC)
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.830256
SN - 2297-055X
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Golle, Kathleen
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Effect of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness in third graders
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - Timing of initial school enrollment may vary considerably for various reasons such as early or delayed enrollment, skipped or repeated school classes. Accordingly, the age range within school grades includes older-(OTK) and younger-than-keyage (YTK) children. Hardly any information is available on the impact of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness. There is evidence from a related research topic showing large differences in academic performance between OTK and YTK children versus keyage children. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare physical fitness of OTK (N = 26,540) and YTK (N = 2586) children versus keyage children (N = 108,295) in a representative sample of German third graders. Physical fitness tests comprised cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, lower, and upper limbs muscle power. Predictions of physical fitness performance for YTK and OTK children were estimated using data from keyage children by taking age, sex, school, and assessment year into account. Data were annually recorded between 2011 and 2019. The difference between observed and predicted z-scores yielded a delta z-score that was used as a dependent variable in the linear mixed models. Findings indicate that OTK children showed poorer performance compared to keyage children, especially in coordination, and that YTK children outperformed keyage children, especially in coordination. Teachers should be aware that OTK children show poorer physical fitness performance compared to keyage children.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11710-x
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi
A1 - Matthes, Daniel
A1 - Marriott Haresign, Ira
A1 - Bánki, Anna
A1 - Michel, Christine
A1 - Langeloh, Miriam
A1 - Wass, Sam
A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie
T1 - DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies
JF - Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
N2 - Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset.
KW - Developmental hyperscanning
KW - Dual EEG analysis
KW - Adult-child interaction
KW - Phase Locking Value
KW - PLV
KW - Cross-frequency PLV
KW - FieldTrip
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101104
SN - 1878-9307
VL - 54
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dech, Silas
A1 - Bittmann, Frank
A1 - Schaefer, Laura
T1 - Muscle oxygenation and time to task failure of submaximal holding and pulling isometric muscle actions and influence of intermittent voluntary muscle twitches
JF - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
N2 - Background
Isometric muscle actions can be performed either by initiating the action, e.g., pulling on an immovable resistance (PIMA), or by reacting to an external load, e.g., holding a weight (HIMA). In the present study, it was mainly examined if these modalities could be differentiated by oxygenation variables as well as by time to task failure (TTF). Furthermore, it was analyzed if variables are changed by intermittent voluntary muscle twitches during weight holding (Twitch). It was assumed that twitches during a weight holding task change the character of the isometric muscle action from reacting (≙ HIMA) to acting (≙ PIMA).
Methods
Twelve subjects (two drop outs) randomly performed two tasks (HIMA vs. PIMA or HIMA vs. Twitch, n = 5 each) with the elbow flexors at 60% of maximal torque maintained until muscle failure with each arm. Local capillary venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) were measured by light spectrometry.
Results
Within subjects, no significant differences were found between tasks regarding the behavior of SvO2 and rHb, the slope and extent of deoxygenation (max. SvO2 decrease), SvO2 level at global rHb minimum, and time to SvO2 steady states. The TTF was significantly longer during Twitch and PIMA (incl. Twitch) compared to HIMA (p = 0.043 and 0.047, respectively). There was no substantial correlation between TTF and maximal deoxygenation independently of the task (r = − 0.13).
Conclusions
HIMA and PIMA seem to have a similar microvascular oxygen and blood supply. The supply might be sufficient, which is expressed by homeostatic steady states of SvO2 in all trials and increases in rHb in most of the trials. Intermittent voluntary muscle twitches might not serve as a further support but extend the TTF. A changed neuromuscular control is discussed as possible explanation.
KW - Oxygen saturation
KW - Microvascular blood filling
KW - Isometric contraction
KW - Isometric muscle action
KW - Holding isometric muscle action
KW - Pulling isometric muscle action
KW - Pushing isometric muscle action
KW - Time to task failure
KW - Muscle twitch
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00447-9
SN - 1758-2555
VL - 55
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp
T1 - Tokens make the world go round
BT - socialist tokens as an alternative to money
JF - Review of Evolutionary Political Economy
N2 - The paper argues that non-circulating tokens should be used as an alternative to money in a socialist economy. These tokens would be used to distribute consumer products out of socialised production to individual consumers. Like modern fiat money, these tokens are a kind of IOU. But unlike money, these tokens are not intended to facilitate the private exchange of commodities. Marx’s proposal to eventually abolish a token-based lower phase of communism in favour of a distinct higher phase is rejected because the ‘needs principle’ of the higher phase can be sufficiently realised within the token system. It is further shown that the prices of items should not be tied to the socially necessary labour time needed to produce them. Instead, prices should be regulated towards market clearing rates.
KW - Money
KW - Labour tokens
KW - Socialism
KW - Communism
KW - Marx
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s43253-022-00091-6
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neumann, Daniel
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
A1 - Biendarra, Florin
T1 - Adopting wearables to customize health insurance contributions
BT - a ranking-type Delphi
JF - BMC medical informatics and decision making
N2 - Background
Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice.
Objective
This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance.
Methods
To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers.
Results
The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately.
Conclusion
A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users’ privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.
KW - Delphi study
KW - Health insurance
KW - Wearable electronic device
KW - Wearable technology
KW - Internet of Things
KW - Barriers
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01851-4
SN - 1472-6947
VL - 22
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eckert, Silvia
A1 - Herden, Jasmin
A1 - Stift, Marc
A1 - Durka, Walter
A1 - Kleunen, Mark van
A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
T1 - Traces of genetic but not epigenetic adaptation in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis despite the absence of population structure
JF - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1271
KW - AFLP
KW - MSAP
KW - cytosine methylation
KW - spatial autocorrelation
KW - genome scan
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566758
SN - 1866-8372
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eckert, Silvia
A1 - Herden, Jasmin
A1 - Stift, Marc
A1 - Durka, Walter
A1 - Kleunen, Mark van
A1 - Joshi, Jasmin
T1 - Traces of genetic but not epigenetic adaptation in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis despite the absence of population structure
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Biological invasions may result from multiple introductions, which might compensate for reduced gene pools caused by bottleneck events, but could also dilute adaptive processes. A previous common-garden experiment showed heritable latitudinal clines in fitness-related traits in the invasive goldenrod Solidago canadensis in Central Europe. These latitudinal clines remained stable even in plants chemically treated with zebularine to reduce epigenetic variation. However, despite the heritability of traits investigated, genetic isolation-by-distance was non-significant. Utilizing the same specimens, we applied a molecular analysis of (epi)genetic differentiation with standard and methylation-sensitive (MSAP) AFLPs. We tested whether this variation was spatially structured among populations and whether zebularine had altered epigenetic variation. Additionally, we used genome scans to mine for putative outlier loci susceptible to selection processes in the invaded range. Despite the absence of isolation-by-distance, we found spatial genetic neighborhoods among populations and two AFLP clusters differentiating northern and southern Solidago populations. Genetic and epigenetic diversity were significantly correlated, but not linked to phenotypic variation. Hence, no spatial epigenetic patterns were detected along the latitudinal gradient sampled. Applying genome-scan approaches (BAYESCAN, BAYESCENV, RDA, and LFMM), we found 51 genetic and epigenetic loci putatively responding to selection. One of these genetic loci was significantly more frequent in populations at the northern range. Also, one epigenetic locus was more frequent in populations in the southern range, but this pattern was lost under zebularine treatment. Our results point to some genetic, but not epigenetic adaptation processes along a large-scale latitudinal gradient of S. canadensis in its invasive range.
KW - AFLP
KW - MSAP
KW - cytosine methylation
KW - spatial autocorrelation
KW - genome scan
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.856453
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wegmann, Simone
T1 - Policy-making power of opposition players
BT - a comparative institutional perspective
JF - The Journal of Legislative Studies
N2 - The organisation of legislative chambers and the consequences of parliamentary procedures have been among the most prominent research questions in legislative studies. Even though democratic elections not only lead to the formation of a government but also result in an opposition, the literature has mostly neglected oppositions and their role in legislative chambers. This paper proposes to fill this gap by looking at the legislative organisation from the perspective of opposition players. The paper focuses on the potential influence of opposition players in the policy-making process and presents data on more than 50 legislative chambers. The paper shows considerable variance of the formal power granted to opposition players. Furthermore, the degree of institutionalisation of opposition rights is connected to electoral systems and not necessarily correlated with other institutional characteristics such as regime type or the size of legislative chambers.
KW - Legislative organisation
KW - parliamentary opposition
KW - power
KW - policy-making
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2020.1843233
SN - 1357-2334
SN - 1743-9337
VL - 28
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marimon Tarter, Mireia
A1 - Höhle, Barbara
A1 - Langus, Alan
T1 - Pupillary entrainment reveals individual differences in cue weighting in 9-month-old German-learning infants
JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2 - Young infants can segment continuous speech with statistical as well as prosodic cues. Understanding how these cues interact can be informative about how infants solve the segmentation problem. Here we investigate how German-speaking adults and 9-month-old German-learning infants weigh statistical and prosodic cues when segmenting continuous speech. We measured participants' pupil size while they were familiarized with a continuous speech stream where prosodic cues were pitted off against transitional probabilities. Adult participants' changes in pupil size synchronized with the occurrence of prosodic words during the familiarization and the temporal alignment of these pupillary changes was predictive of adult participants' performance at test. Further, 9-month-olds as a group failed to consistently segment the familiarization stream with prosodic or statistical cues. However, the variability in temporal alignment of the pupillary changes at word frequency showed that prosodic and statistical cues compete for dominance when segmenting continuous speech. A followup language development questionnaire at 40 months of age suggested that infants who entrained to prosodic words performed better on a vocabulary task and those infants who relied more on statistical cues performed better on grammatical tasks. Together these results suggest that statistics and prosody may serve different roles in speech segmentation in infancy.
KW - Language acquisition
KW - Transitional probabilities
KW - Prosody
KW - Cue weighting
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105054
SN - 0010-0277
SN - 1873-7838
VL - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Caroline
T1 - Incentives can’t buy me knowledge
BT - the missing effects of appreciation and aligned performance appraisals on knowledge sharing of public employees
JF - Review of public personnel administration
N2 - This study examines whether incentives affect public employees' intention to share knowledge. Tested incentives satisfy needs for either achievement or appreciation. Both treatments were tested on implicit as well as explicit knowledge sharing. A 2 x 3 factorial survey experiment was designed to observe within-person and between-person effects. Data were collected from public employees in the core administration and healthcare sector (n = 623) in 2018. The analysis indicates that both treatments positively affect knowledge-sharing intention if it is explicit knowledge that ought to be shared. However, no effects of either treatment can be found in either type of knowledge sharing. No negative effect of the tested incentives on knowledge sharing was observed. Hence, incentives might not harm knowledge sharing but also do not pay off in organizational practice. In contrast to these motivation-enhancing human resource practices, ability and opportunity-enhancing practices should be tested to foster knowledge sharing.
KW - knowledge sharing
KW - knowledge management
KW - work behavior
KW - rewards
KW - survey
KW - experiment
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X20986839
SN - 0734-371X
SN - 1552-759X
VL - 42
IS - 2
SP - 368
EP - 389
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sperlich, Eric
A1 - Kelling, Alexandra
A1 - Kwesiga, George
A1 - Schmidt, Bernd
T1 - Intermolecular interactions in the solid-state structures of isoflavones
BT - the relationship between supramolecular structure, torsion angle, and macroscopic properties
JF - CrystEngComm / The Royal Society of Chemistry
N2 - The molecular structures of three closely related isoflavones have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and have been analysed by geometry matching with the CSD, Hirshfeld surface analysis and analysis of stacking interactions with the Aromatic Analyser program (CSD). The formation of the supramolecular structure by non-covalent interactions was studied and substantial differences in the macroscopic properties e.g., the solubility, were correlated with hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking interactions. Moreover, a correlation between the supramolecular structure, the torsion angle (between benzopyran group and aryl group), and macroscopic properties was determined in the three compounds.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ce00169a
SN - 1466-8033
VL - 24
IS - 26
SP - 4731
EP - 4739
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cestnik, Rok
A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady
T1 - Hierarchy of exact low-dimensional reductions for populations of coupled oscillators
JF - Physical review letters
N2 - We consider an ensemble of phase oscillators in the thermodynamic limit, where it is described by a kinetic equation for the phase distribution density. We propose an Ansatz for the circular moments of the distribution (Kuramoto-Daido order parameters) that allows for an exact truncation at an arbitrary number of modes. In the simplest case of one mode, the Ansatz coincides with that of Ott and Antonsen [Chaos 18, 037113 (2008)]. Dynamics on the extended manifolds facilitate higher-dimensional behavior such as chaos, which we demonstrate with a simulation of a Josephson junction array. The findings are generalized for oscillators with a Cauchy-Lorentzian distribution of natural frequencies.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.054101
SN - 0031-9007
SN - 1079-7114
VL - 128
IS - 5
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -