TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ren, Jie
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
T1  - The interplay between language acquisition and cognitive development
JF  - Infant behavior & development : an international and interdisciplinary journal
KW  - Language Acquisition
KW  - Cognitive Development
KW  - Infancy
KW  - Cross-domain
KW  - Development
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101718
SN  - 0163-6383
SN  - 1879-0453
SN  - 1934-8800
VL  - 67
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Sinika
A1  - Hutchinson, Jasmin
A1  - Regorius, Anton
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - The influence of affective priming on the affective response during exercise
BT  - a replication study
JF  - Journal of sport & exercise psychology
N2  - The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.
KW  - subliminal priming
KW  - interindividual differences
KW  - physical activity;
KW  - affective intervention
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2022-0025
SN  - 0895-2779
SN  - 1543-2904
SN  - 0163-433X
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
SP  - 286
EP  - 294
PB  - Human Kinetics Publishers
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunyu, David Khisoni
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Moreno Herrera, Lázaro
T1  - Evaluating the implementation quality of a vocational education intervention for youth in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya
BT  - Evidence of discrimination
JF  - Frontiers in human dynamics
N2  - Refugee youth in protracted humanitarian contexts are faced with limited access to quality education. They may sustain traumatic experiences from conflicts and discrimination yet have limited psychosocial support access. Comprehending the magnitude and effects of these challenges is vital for designing and executing educational interventions in such contexts. This study evaluates the implementation quality of the Youth Education Pack intervention through the lens of the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies minimum standards framework. It explores the types of discrimination experienced by refugee youth in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. Nine participants comprising refugee students (N = 2), former refugee students (N = 2), teachers (N = 3), and project supervisors (N = 2) participated in the study. The first author conducted interviews and observations in the camp. The data were qualitatively coded deductively and analysed in Nvivo 12. We found that the YEP intervention faced contextual challenges that hindered the achievement of the implementation quality standards outlined in the INEE minimum standards for education. Refugee youth and refugee teachers experienced various forms of discrimination, including at individual, institutional, and structural levels. We conclude that providing refugee youth with an inclusive and high-quality education is central to providing secure and long-term solutions to their challenges and adversities and may promote their psychosocial wellbeing.
KW  - refugee youth
KW  - Education in Emergencies
KW  - implementation quality
KW  - discrimination
KW  - the YEP intervention
KW  - the INEE minimum standards
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2022.898081
SN  - 2673-2726
VL  - 4
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sposini, Vittoria
A1  - Krapf, Diego
A1  - Marinari, Enzo
A1  - Sunyer, Raimon
A1  - Ritort, Felix
A1  - Taheri, Fereydoon
A1  - Selhuber-Unkel, Christine
A1  - Benelli, Rebecca
A1  - Weiss, Matthias
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Oshanin, Gleb
T1  - Towards a robust criterion of anomalous diffusion
JF  - Communications Physics
N2  - Anomalous-diffusion, the departure of the spreading dynamics of diffusing particles from the traditional law of Brownian-motion, is a signature feature of a large number of complex soft-matter and biological systems. Anomalous-diffusion emerges due to a variety of physical mechanisms, e.g., trapping interactions or the viscoelasticity of the environment. However, sometimes systems dynamics are erroneously claimed to be anomalous, despite the fact that the true motion is Brownian—or vice versa. This ambiguity in establishing whether the dynamics as normal or anomalous can have far-reaching consequences, e.g., in predictions for reaction- or relaxation-laws. Demonstrating that a system exhibits normal- or anomalous-diffusion is highly desirable for a vast host of applications. Here, we present a criterion for anomalous-diffusion based on the method of power-spectral analysis of single trajectories. The robustness of this criterion is studied for trajectories of fractional-Brownian-motion, a ubiquitous stochastic process for the description of anomalous-diffusion, in the presence of two types of measurement errors. In particular, we find that our criterion is very robust for subdiffusion. Various tests on surrogate data in absence or presence of additional positional noise demonstrate the efficacy of this method in practical contexts. Finally, we provide a proof-of-concept based on diverse experiments exhibiting both normal and anomalous-diffusion.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-01079-8
SN  - 2399-3650
VL  - 5
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haase, Jennifer
A1  - Hanel, Paul H. P.
T1  - Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them
JF  - Frontiers in Education
N2  - Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings.
KW  - creativity
KW  - priming
KW  - enhancement
KW  - math
KW  - games
KW  - happiness
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.976459
SN  - 2504-284X
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Dennis
A1  - Lever, Fabiano
A1  - Picconi, David
A1  - Metje, Jan
A1  - Ališauskas, Skirmantas
A1  - Calegari, Francesca
A1  - Düsterer, Stefan
A1  - Ehlert, Christopher
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Niebuhr, Mario
A1  - Manschwetus, Bastian
A1  - Kuhlmann, Marion
A1  - Mazza, Tommaso
A1  - Robinson, Matthew Scott
A1  - Squibb, Richard James
A1  - Trabattoni, Andrea
A1  - Wallner, Måns
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mendes Ferreira, Clara
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1  - Eccard, Jana
T1  - Forager-mediated cascading effects on food resource species diversity
JF  - Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Perceived predation risk varies in space and time. Foraging in this landscape of fear alters forager-resource interactions via cascading nonconsumptive effects. Estimating these indirect effects is difficult in natural systems. Here, we applied a novel measure to quantify the diversity at giving-up density that allows to test how spatial variation in perceived predation risk modifies the diversity of multispecies resources at local and regional spatial levels. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the nonconsumptive effects on resource species diversity can be explained by the preferences of foragers for specific functional traits and by the forager species richness. We exposed rodents of a natural community to artificial food patches, each containing an initial multispecies resource community of eight species (10 items each) mixed in sand. We sampled 35 landscapes, each containing seven patches in a spatial array, to disentangle effects at local (patch) and landscape levels. We used vegetation height as a proxy for perceived predation risk. After a period of three nights, we counted how many and which resource species were left in each patch to measure giving-up density and resource diversity at the local level (alpha diversity) and the regional level (gamma diversity and beta diversity). Furthermore, we used wildlife cameras to identify foragers and assess their species richness. With increasing vegetation height, i.e., decreasing perceived predation risk, giving-up density, and local alpha and regional gamma diversity decreased, and patches became less similar within a landscape (beta diversity increased). Foragers consumed more of the bigger and most caloric resources. The higher the forager species richness, the lower the giving-up density, and alpha and gamma diversity. Overall, spatial variation of perceived predation risk of foragers had measurable cascading effects on local and regional resource species biodiversity, independent of the forager species. Thus, nonconsumptive predation effects modify forager-resource interactions and might act as an equalizing mechanism for species coexistence.
KW  - coexistence
KW  - functional traits
KW  - giving-up density
KW  - landscape of fear
KW  - perceived predation risk
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9523
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
PB  - John Wiley & Sons
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hebisch, Benjamin
A1  - Wild, Andreas
A1  - Herbst, Uta
T1  - The power of alternative suppliers in the automotive industry
BT  - a matter of innovation?
JF  - Industrial marketing management : the international journal for industrial and high-tech firms
N2  - The number of alternative suppliers is widely considered to be the most important source of power in supply chains. It is common knowledge that a buying company benefits from an increasing number of suppliers until a marginalization effect occurs. Consequently, a cost-benefit optimum must exist but has not been analyzed in a sufficiently differentiated manner in the literature. Particularly, research has not taken the variety of product groups, which is reflected by the degree of innovation, into account. Using a two-way analysis of variance, this study identifies the cost-benefit optimum for the number of suppliers and analyzes the moderating role of the degree of innovation. The analysis is based on real automotive business-to-business negotiation data. The results reveal that a cost-benefit optimum is reached at a number of three suppliers at the most. Furthermore, the impact of the number of suppliers is higher for innovative products than for more functional products. Purchasing managers can use the findings to determine the optimal size of their supplier choice set.
KW  - Purchasing performance
KW  - Number of alternatives
KW  - Automotive industry
KW  - Supply chain relationship
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.12.017
SN  - 0019-8501
SN  - 1873-2062
VL  - 102
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rockström, Johan
T1  - Speeding up state-of-the-art assessments on global sustainability
BT  - introducing the Cambridge Sustainability Commissions
JF  - Global sustainability
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2022.1
SN  - 2059-4798
VL  - 5
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holzscheiter, Anna
A1  - Gholiagha, Sassan
A1  - Liese, Andrea
T1  - Advocacy coalition constellations and norm collisions
BT  - Insights from international drug control, human trafficking, and child labour
JF  - Global society : journal of interdisciplinary international relations
N2  - To date, there has been little research on how advocacy coalitions influence the dynamic relationships between norms. Addressing norm collisions as a particular type of norm dynamics, we ask if and how advocacy coalitions and the constellations between them bring such norm collisions to the fore. Norm collisions surface in situations in which actors claim that two or more norms are incompatible with each other, promoting different, even opposing, behavioural choices. We examine the effect of advocacy coalition constellations (ACC) on the activation and varying evolution of norm collisions in three issue areas: international drug control, human trafficking, and child labour. These areas have a legally codified prohibitive regime in common. At the same time, they differ with regard to the specific ACC present. Exploiting this variation, we generate insights into how power asymmetries and other characteristics of ACC affect norm collisions across our three issue areas.
KW  - Norm collisions
KW  - advocacy coalitions
KW  - drug control
KW  - human trafficking
KW  - child labour
KW  - norms
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2021.1885352
SN  - 1360-0826
SN  - 1469-798X
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 48
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, Julius Lucas
T1  - ‘To grab, when the grabbing begins’
BT  - German foreign and colonial policy during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 and the Triple Intervention of 1895
JF  - The international history review
N2  - The Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 is usually only briefly mentioned in studies on diplomatic history. Especially the war's impact on Wilhelmine foreign and world policy (Weltpolitik) has been largely neglected. However, the events in East Asia had a profound influence on the political leadership in Berlin. The Wilhelmstrasse's attitude towards the conflict changed rapidly when the course of the war in Northeast Asia made a collapse of the Qing Empire increasingly likely. Afraid of the prospect of being left empty handed in an upcoming scramble for China, German diplomacy got active in early 1895. Driven by a hectic activism which soon should become a dominant feature of Weltpolitik, Berlin concluded an ad-hoc alliance with St. Petersburg and Paris. In April 1895, this unlikely coalition intervened against Tokyo. While the Triple Intervention served primarily Russia's interest to maintain the status quo on the Chinese mainland, Germany aimed at the acquisition of a military and commercial base in Northeast Asia. Driven by public opinion, the naval leadership and the Emperor Wilhelm II., the formerly neutral and reserved German diplomacy changed towards an aggressive and unstable imperialist policy, which ultimately resulted in the acquisition of Qingdao in November 1897.
KW  - Imperial Germany
KW  - diplomacy
KW  - imperialism (Sino-Japanese War)
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1909101
SN  - 0707-5332
SN  - 1949-6540
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1  - Mädlow, Wolfgang
T1  - All-season space use by non-native resident Mandarin Ducks (Aix galericulata) in northeastern Germany
JF  - Journal of ornithology / publ. by Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft
N2  - Patterns of space use are often subject to large temporal and individual-level variation, due to seasonality in behaviour and environmental conditions as well as age- or sex-specific needs. Especially in temperate regions, seasonality likely influences space use even in non-migratory birds. In waterfowl of the family Anatidae, however, few studies have analyzed space use of the same individuals across the full annual cycle. We used a resident population of Mandarin Ducks (Aix galericulata) in northeast Germany to study their year-round space use in relation to season, sex, and age. We marked 172 birds with colour rings and surveyed relevant water bodies for re-encounters for several years. As space-use patterns we derived home ranges from minimum convex polygons and the number of water bodies used by individual birds. Our analysis revealed that individuals shifted their space use between seasons, in particular extending their home ranges during the non-breeding season. Between years, in contrast, birds tended to show season-specific site fidelity. Sex differences were apparent during both breeding and non-breeding season, males consistently having larger home ranges and using slightly more water bodies. No difference was found between first-year and adult birds. Our study demonstrates that mark-resighting can provide valuable information about space use in species with suitable behaviour and readily accessible habitat. In such cases, it may be a valid alternative to more expensive GPS-tracking or short-term manual radio telemetry, particularly within citizen-science projects.
N2  - Raumnutzungsmuster von Vögeln zeigen häufig große zeitliche und individuelle Variationen in Abhängigkeit vom saisonalen Verhalten und von Umweltbedingungen, aber auch alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Ansprüchen. In gemäßigten Klimazonen können jahreszeitliche Einflussfaktoren die Raumnutzung auch von nicht ziehenden Arten bestimmen. Für Entenvögel (Anatidae) liegen bisher jedoch nur wenige Studien vor, die die Raumnutzung von Individuen über den gesamten Jahresverlauf hinweg betrachten. Wir untersuchten die ganzjährige Raumnutzung einer Standvogel-Population der Mandarinente (Aix galericulata) in Abhängigkeit von Jahreszeit, Geschlecht und Alter der Vögel. Wir markierten 172 Vögel mit Farbringen und kontrollierten mehrere Jahre lang die relevanten Gewässer, um Ringablesungen zu erzielen. Zur Analyse der Raumnutzung ermittelten wir Minimum-Convex-Polygone und die Anzahl der von den einzelnen Individuen genutzten Gewässer. Unsere Auswertung zeigte, dass die von den Vögeln genutzten Aktionsräume sich mit den Jahreszeiten veränderten. Insbesondere vergrößerte sich das besuchte Gebiet außerhalb der Brutzeit. Beim Vergleich mehrerer Jahre tendierten die Vögel zu einer saisonspezifischen Gebietstreue. Geschlechterunterschiede zeigten sich sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Brutzeit, wobei die Männchen stets größere Gebiete und eine größere Zahl an Gewässern nutzten. Zwischen Vögeln im ersten Lebensjahr und Adulten wurden keine Unterschiede gefunden. Unsere Untersuchung zeigt, dass Farbberingungsprogramme wertvolle Informationen zur Raumnutzung bei Arten liefern können, deren Verhalten dafür geeignet ist und die in gut zugänglichen Lebensräumen vorkommen. In diesen Fällen kann die Farbberingung eine geeignete Alternative zur teureren GPS- oder manuellen Telemetrie sein, vor allem wenn die vereinte Kraft von Amateurornithologen in die Untersuchungen einbezogen werden kann.
KW  - Anatidae
KW  - Aix galericulata
KW  - Home range
KW  - Site fidelity
KW  - Movement
KW  - Seasonality
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01932-7
SN  - 2193-7192
SN  - 2193-7206
VL  - 163
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
EP  - 82
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dobberke, Jeanette
A1  - Baritello, Omar
A1  - Hadzic, Miralem
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Eichler, Sarah
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
T1  - Test-retest reliability of center of pressure measures for postural control assessment in older cardiac patients
JF  - Gait & posture : official journal of Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society (GCMAS) and European Society of Movement Analysis in Adults and Children (ESMAC)
N2  - Background
Elderly patients are a growing population in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). As postural control declines with age, assessment of impaired balance is important in older CR patients in order to predict fall risk and to initiate counteracting steps. Functional balance tests are subjective and lack adequate sensitivity to small differences, and are further subject to ceiling effects. A quantitative approach to measure postural control on a continuous scale is therefore desirable. Force plates are already used for this purpose in other clinical contexts, therefore could be a promising tool also for older CR patients. However, in this population the reliability of the assessment is not fully known.

Research question
Analysis of test-retest reliability of center of pressure (CoP) measures for the assessment of postural control using a force plate in older CR patients.

Methods
156 CR patients (> 75 years) were enrolled. CoP measures (path length (PL), mean velocity (MV), and 95% confidence ellipse area (95CEA)) were analyzed twice with an interval of two days in between (bipedal narrow stance, eyes open (EO) and closed (EC), three trials for each condition, 30 s per trial), using a force plate. For test-retest reliability estimation absolute differences (& UDelta;: T0-T1), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated. 

Results
Under EO condition ICC were excellent for PL and MV (0.95) and good for 95CEA (0.88) with & UDelta; of 10.1 cm (PL), 0.3 cm/sec (MV) and 1.5 cm(2 )(95CEA) respectively. Under EC condition ICC were excellent (> 0.95) for all variables with larger & UDelta; (PL: 21.7 cm; MV: 0.7 cm/sec; 95CEA: 2.4 cm(2))

Significance
In older CR patients, the assessment of CoP measures using a force plate shows good to excellent test retest reliability.
KW  - Cardiac rehabilitation
KW  - Older patients
KW  - Postural control
KW  - Test-retest
KW  - reliability
KW  - Force plate
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.011
SN  - 0966-6362
SN  - 1879-2219
VL  - 92
SP  - 359
EP  - 363
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meixner, Johannes M.
A1  - Nixon, Jessie S.
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - The perceptual span is dynamically adjusted in response to foveal load by beginning readers
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : general
N2  - The perceptual span describes the size of the visual field from which information is obtained during a fixation in reading. Its size depends on characteristics of writing system and reader, but-according to the foveal load hypothesis-it is also adjusted dynamically as a function of lexical processing difficulty. Using the moving window paradigm to manipulate the amount of preview, here we directly test whether the perceptual span shrinks as foveal word difficulty increases. We computed the momentary size of the span from word-based eye-movement measures as a function of foveal word frequency, allowing us to separately describe the perceptual span for information affecting spatial saccade targeting and temporal saccade execution. First fixation duration and gaze duration on the upcoming (parafoveal) word N + 1 were significantly shorter when the current (foveal) word N was more frequent. We show that the word frequency effect is modulated by window size. Fixation durations on word N + 1 decreased with high-frequency words N, but only for large windows, that is, when sufficient parafoveal preview was available. This provides strong support for the foveal load hypothesis. To investigate the development of the foveal load effect, we analyzed data from three waves of a longitudinal study on the perceptual span with German children in Grades 1 to 6. Perceptual span adjustment emerged early in development at around second grade and remained stable in later grades. We conclude that the local modulation of the perceptual span indicates a general cognitive process, perhaps an attentional gradient with rapid readjustment.
KW  - eye movements
KW  - attention
KW  - perceptual span
KW  - foveal load
KW  - reading
KW  - development
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001140
SN  - 0096-3445
SN  - 1939-2222
VL  - 151
IS  - 6
SP  - 1219
EP  - 1232
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seržant, Ilja A.
A1  - Moroz, George A.
T1  - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved
JF  - Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
N2  - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency.
KW  - Duration
KW  - Explanations
KW  - Redundancy
KW  - Pronouns
KW  - Usage
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0
SN  - 2662-9992
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berner, Nadine
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
T1  - Bayesian inference about Plio-Pleistocene climate transitions in Africa
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - During the last 5 Ma the Earth's ocean-atmosphere system passed through several major transitions, many of which are discussed as possible triggers for human evolution. A classic in this context is the possible influence of the closure of the Panama Strait, the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, a stepwise increase in aridity in Africa, and the first appearance of the genus Homo about 2.5 - 2.7 Ma ago. Apart from the fact that the correlation between these events does not necessarily imply causality, many attempts to establish a relationship between climate and evolution fail due to the challenge of precisely localizing an a priori unknown number of changes potentially underlying complex climate records. The kernel-based Bayesian inference approach applied here allows inferring the location, generic shape, and temporal scale of multiple transitions in established records of Plio-Pleistocene African climate. By defining a transparent probabilistic analysis strategy, we are able to identify conjoint changes occurring across the investigated terrigenous dust records from Ocean Drilling Programme (ODP) sites in the Atlantic Ocean (ODP 659), Arabian (ODP 721/722) and Mediterranean Sea (ODP 967). The study indicates a two-step transition in the African climate proxy records at (2.35-2.10) Ma and (1.70 - 1.50) Ma, that may be associated with the reorganization of the Hadley-Walker Circulation. .
KW  - Plio-Pleistocene
KW  - Hadley-Walker Circulation
KW  - climate transition
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - time series analysis
KW  - ODP 659
KW  - ODP 721/722
KW  - ODP 967
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107287
SN  - 0277-3791
SN  - 1873-457X
VL  - 277
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Auhagen, Christopher Patrick
A1  - Uth, Melanie
T1  - Variation of relative complementizers in Yucatecan Spanish
BT  - A comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers
JF  - Languages
N2  - The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region.
KW  - relative complementation
KW  - variability
KW  - language contact
KW  - diachrony
KW  - Yucatecan Spanish
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040279
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fruhstorfer, Anna
A1  - Hudson, Alexander
T1  - Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits
BT  - should I stay or should I go?
JF  - Democratization
N2  - As presidents approach the end of their constitutionally defined term in office, they face a number of difficulties, most importantly the deprivation of sources of power, personal enrichment, and protection from prosecution. This leads many of them to attempt to circumvent their term limits. Recent studies explain both the reasons for the extension or full abolition of term limits, and failed attempts to do so. Key explanations include electoral competition and the post-term fate of previous post holders. What we do not know yet is how compliance with term limits may be tied to the current president's expectations for their post-term fate. In particular, we do not know whether leaders who attempt to remove term limits and fail to do so jeopardize their post-term career as a result, and conversely, whether leaders who comply will have better outcomes in terms of security, prestige, and economic gain. Hence, we ask how the decision of a leader to comply or not comply with term limits is conditioned by the expectation of their post-term fate. To address this question, this article introduces new data on the career trajectories of term-limited presidents and its systematic effect on term limit compliance.
KW  - Presidents
KW  - head of state
KW  - term limits
KW  - executives
KW  - corruption
KW  - prestige
KW  - institutional change
KW  - constitutions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1960314
SN  - 1351-0347
SN  - 1743-890X
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 93
EP  - 112
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heisig, Jan Paul
A1  - Matthewes, Sönke Hendrik
T1  - No evidence that strict educational tracking improves student performance through classroom homogeneity
BT  - a critical reanalysis of Esser and Seuring (2020)
BT  - eine kritische Reanalyse von Esser und Seuring (2020)
JF  - Zeitschrift für Soziologie
N2  - In a recent contribution to this journal, Esser and Seuring (2020) draw on data from the National Educational Panel Study to attack the widespread view that tracking in lower secondary education exacerbates inequalities in student outcomes without improving average student performance. Exploiting variation in the strictness of tracking across 13 of the 16 German federal states (e. g., whether teacher recommendations are binding), Esser and Seuring claim to demonstrate that stricter tracking after grade 4 results in better performance in grade 7 and that this can be attributed to the greater homogeneity of classrooms under strict tracking. We show these conclusions to be untenable: Esser and Seuring's measures of classroom composition are highly dubious because the number of observed students is very small for many classrooms. Even when we adopt their classroom composition measures, simple corrections and extensions of their analysis reveal that there is no meaningful evidence for a positive relationship between classroom homogeneity and student achievement - the channel supposed to mediate the alleged positive effect of strict tracking. We go on to show that students from more strictly tracking states perform better already at the start of tracking (grade 5), which casts further doubt on the alleged positive effect of strict tracking on learning progress and leaves selection or anticipation effects as more plausible explanations. On a conceptual level, we emphasize that Esser and Seuring's analysis is limited to states that implement different forms of early tracking and cannot inform us about the relative performance of comprehensive and tracked systems that is the focus of most prior research.
N2  - In einem kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Artikel attackieren Esser und Seuring (2020) die verbreitete Auffassung, dass eine frühe Leistungsdifferenzierung in den ersten Jahren der Sekundarstufe Ungleichheiten zwischen Schüler*innen verstärkt, ohne sich positiv auf das durchschnittliche Leistungsniveau auszuwirken. Auf Basis einer Analyse von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels für 13 Bundesländer kommen die Autoren zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich eine strenge Leistungsdifferenzierung (z. B. durch bindende Grundschulempfehlungen) positiv auf das Leistungsniveau in Klasse 7 auswirkt und dass dies auf die homogenere Klassenzusammensetzung in strikt differenzierenden Ländern zurückgeführt werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Schlussfolgerungen nicht haltbar sind: Esser und Seurings Indikatoren für die Klassenzusammensetzung sind qualitativ fragwürdig, da die Anzahl gültiger Beobachtungen für viele Klassen sehr klein ist. Selbst bei Verwendung ihrer Indikatoren wird durch einfache Korrekturen und Ergänzungen ihrer Analyse schnell deutlich, dass es keine belastbaren empirischen Belege für den theoretisch zentralen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen homogener Klassenzusammensetzung und Leistungsniveau gibt. Zudem können wir zeigen, dass Schüler*innen in streng differenzierenden Ländern bereits zu Beginn der Sekundarstufe bessere Leistungen erzielen, ein weiteres Ergebnis, das gegen einen (kausalen) positiven Zusammenhang zwischen strenger Differenzierung und Lernfortschritt und für Alternativerklärungen wie Selektions- oder Antizipationseffekte spricht. In konzeptioneller Hinsicht heben wir hervor, dass sich die Analyse von Esser und Seuring auf verschiedene leistungsdifferenzierende Systeme beschränkt und insofern keine unmittelbaren Implikationen für den in der Literatur zentralen Vergleich zwischen differenzierenden und Gesamtschulsystemen (comprehensive systems) haben kann.
T2  - Keine Belege für leistungsfördernde Effekte von strikter Leistungsdifferenzierung durch kognitive Homogenisierung
KW  - Ability Tracking
KW  - Secondary Education Systems
KW  - Peer Effects
KW  - Classroom
KW  - Composition
KW  - Mediation Analysis
KW  - Replication
KW  - Leistungsdifferenzierung
KW  - Sekundarbildungssysteme
KW  - Peer-Effekte
KW  - Klassenzusammensetzung
KW  - Mediationsanalyse
KW  - Replikation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0001
SN  - 0340-1804
SN  - 2366-0325
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
EP  - 111
PB  - de Gruyter Oldenbourg
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hüttel, Alexandra
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
T1  - The coronavirus pandemic
BT  - a window of opportunity for sustainable consumption or a time of turning away?
JF  - The Journal of consumer affairs
N2  - As a means to preserve present and future generations' living conditions, sustainable consumption presents a route to the enhanced well-being of individuals. However, the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic raises the question of whether society is going to continue down a path of increased awareness of sustainable consumption or whether the pandemic will move people to focus more on themselves. Based on data gathered before and near the end of the first pandemic lockdown in Germany in spring 2020, this research demonstrates that ecological, social, and voluntary simplicity consciousness deteriorated in the minds of sustainability-conscious consumers, with notable impacts on their willingness to spend sustainably and their shopping affinity. Furthermore, we identify segments that show particular vulnerability to the lockdown by reacting with a decrease in their ecological consumption consciousness. This study concludes with a discussion of the pandemic's implications for the spread of sustainable consumption styles and human well-being.
KW  - coronavirus pandemic
KW  - intervention study
KW  - sustainable consumption
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12419
SN  - 1745-6606
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
SP  - 68
EP  - 96
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Al Laban, Firas
A1  - Reger, Martin
A1  - Lucke, Ulrike
T1  - Closing the Policy Gap in the Academic Bridge
JF  - Education sciences
N2  - The highly structured nature of the educational sector demands effective policy mechanisms close to the needs of the field. That is why evidence-based policy making, endorsed by the European Commission under Erasmus+ Key Action 3, aims to make an alignment between the domains of policy and practice. Against this background, this article addresses two issues: First, that there is a vertical gap in the translation of higher-level policies to local strategies and regulations. Second, that there is a horizontal gap between educational domains regarding the policy awareness of individual players. This was analyzed in quantitative and qualitative studies with domain experts from the fields of virtual mobility and teacher training. From our findings, we argue that the combination of both gaps puts the academic bridge from secondary to tertiary education at risk, including the associated knowledge proficiency levels. We discuss the role of digitalization in the academic bridge by asking the question: which value does the involved stakeholders expect from educational policies? As a theoretical basis, we rely on the model of value co-creation for and by stakeholders. We describe the used instruments along with the obtained results and proposed benefits. Moreover, we reflect on the methodology applied, and we finally derive recommendations for future academic bridge policies.
KW  - policy evaluation
KW  - higher education
KW  - virtual mobility
KW  - teacher training
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120930
SN  - 2227-7102
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malabarba, Taiane
A1  - Oliveira Mendes, Anna Carolina
A1  - de Souza, Joseane
T1  - Multimodal resolution of overlapping talk in video-mediated L2 instruction
JF  - Languages : open access journal
N2  - This paper investigates a pervasive phenomenon in video-mediated interaction (VMI), namely, simultaneous start-ups, which happen when two speakers produce a turn beginning in overlap. Based on the theoretical and methodological tenets of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, the present study offers a multimodal and sequential account of how simultaneous start-ups are oriented to and solved in the context of English as an additional language (L2) tutoring. The micro- and sequential analysis of ten hours of screen-recorded video-mediated data from tutoring sessions between an experienced tutor and an advanced-level tutee reveals that the typical overlap resolution trajectory results in the tutor withdrawing from the interactional floor. The same analysis uncovered a range of resources, such as lip pressing and the verbal utterance 'go ahead', employed in what we call enhanced explicitness, through which the withdrawal is done. The orchestration of these resources allows the tutor to exploit the specific features of the medium to resolve simultaneous start-ups while also supporting the continuation of student talk. We maintain that this practice is used in the service of securing the learner's interactional space, and consequently in fostering the use of the language being learned. The results of the study help advance current understandings of L2 instructors' specialized work of managing participation and creating learning opportunities. Being one of the first studies to detail the practices involved in overlap resolution in the micro-context of simultaneous talk on Zoom-based L2 instruction, this study also makes a significant contribution to research on video-mediated instruction and video-mediated interaction more generally.
KW  - video-mediated interaction (VMI)
KW  - English as an additional language
KW  - (L2)
KW  - teaching
KW  - turn-taking
KW  - overlap resolution
KW  - 'go ahead';
KW  - multimodality
KW  - conversation analysis
KW  - interactional linguistics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020154
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Konrad, Markus
T1  - Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement?
BT  - cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers
JF  - Journal of family research
N2  - Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement.
KW  - gender
KW  - Covid-19
KW  - inequality
KW  - productivity
KW  - international comparison;
KW  - GitHub
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697
SN  - 2699-2337
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 134
EP  - 160
PB  - University of Bamberg Press
CY  - Bamberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rentzsch, Katrin
A1  - Schröder-Abé, Michela
T1  - Top down or bottom up?
BT  - evidence from the longitudinal development of global and domain-specific self-esteem in adulthood
JF  - Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association
N2  - Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.
KW  - self-esteem
KW  - domain-specific
KW  - top-down and bottom-up
KW  - stability
KW  - adulthood
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000393
SN  - 0022-3514
SN  - 1939-1315
VL  - 122
IS  - 4
SP  - 714
EP  - 730
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - EL-Ashker, Said
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
T1  - Maximal isokinetic elbow and knee flexor–extensor strength measures in combat sports athletes: the role of movement velocity and limb side
JF  - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
N2  - Background
Maximal isokinetic strength ratios of joint flexors and extensors are important parameters to indicate the level of muscular balance at the joint. Further, in combat sports athletes, upper and lower limb muscle strength is affected by the type of sport. Thus, this study aimed to examine the differences in maximal isokinetic strength of the flexors and extensors and the corresponding flexor–extensor strength ratios of the elbows and knees in combat sports athletes.

Method
Forty male participants (age = 22.3 ± 2.5 years) from four different combat sports (amateur boxing, taekwondo, karate, and judo; n = 10 per sport) were tested for eccentric peak torque of the elbow/knee flexors (EF/KF) and concentric peak torque of the elbow/knee extensors (EE/KE) at three different angular velocities (60, 120, and 180°/s) on the dominant and non-dominant side using an isokinetic device.

Results
Analyses revealed significant, large-sized group × velocity × limb interactions for EF, EE, and EF–EE ratio, KF, KE, and KF–KE ratio (p ≤ 0.03; 0.91 ≤ d ≤ 1.75). Post-hoc analyses indicated that amateur boxers displayed the largest EE strength values on the non-dominant side at ≤ 120°/s and the dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.03; 1.21 ≤ d ≤ 1.59). The largest EF–EE strength ratios were observed on amateur boxers’ and judokas’ non-dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.04; 1.36 ≤ d ≤ 2.44). Further, we found lower KF–KE strength measures in karate (p < 0.04; 1.12 ≤ d ≤ 6.22) and judo athletes (p ≤ 0.03; 1.60 ≤ d ≤ 5.31) particularly on the non-dominant side.

Conclusions
The present findings indicated combat sport-specific differences in maximal isokinetic strength measures of EF, EE, KF, and KE particularly in favor of amateur boxers on the non-dominant side.
KW  - Dynamometry
KW  - Martial arts
KW  - Hamstring-quadriceps ratio
KW  - Eccentric muscle action
KW  - Injury
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00432-2
SN  - 1758-2555
VL  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yang, Jingdan
A1  - Kim, Jae-Hyun
A1  - Tuomainen, Outi
A1  - Rattanasone, Nan Xu
T1  - Bilingual Mandarin-English preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills and contributing factors
BT  - A remote online story-retell study
JF  - Frontiers in Psyhology
N2  - This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
KW  - narrative skills
KW  - Mandarin-English bilinguals
KW  - preschoolers
KW  - macrostructure
KW  - microstructure
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797602
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rembe, Johannes
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Kley, Jonas
A1  - Terbishalieva, Baiansulu
A1  - Musiol, Antje
A1  - Chen, Jie
A1  - Zhou, Renjie
T1  - Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Geodynamic Implications of Permo-Triassic Back-Arc Basin Successions in the North Pamir, Central Asia
JF  - Lithosphere
N2  - The Permo-Triassic period marks the time interval between Hercynian (Variscan) orogenic events in the Tien Shan and the North Pamir, and the Cimmerian accretion of the Gondwana-derived Central and South Pamir to the southern margin of the Paleo-Asian continent. A well-preserved Permo-Triassic volcano-sedimentary sequence from the Chinese North Pamir yields important information on the geodynamic evolution of Asia’s pre-Cimmerian southern margin. The oldest volcanic rocks from that section are dated to the late Guadalupian epoch by a rhyolite and a dacitic dike that gave zircon U-Pb ages of ~260 Ma. Permian volcanism was largely pyroclastic and mafic to intermediate. Upsection, a massive ignimbritic crystal tuff in the Chinese Qimgan valley was dated to 244.1 +/- 1.1 Ma, a similar unit in the nearby Gez valley to 245 +/- 11 Ma, and an associated rhyolite to 233.4 +/- 1.1 Ma. Deposition of the locally ~200 m thick crystal tuff unit follows an unconformity and marks the onset of intense, mainly mafic to intermediate, calc-alkaline magmatic activity. Triassic volcanic activity in the North Pamir was coeval with the major phase of Cimmerian intrusive activity in the Karakul-Mazar arc-accretionary complex to the south, caused by northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys. It also coincided with the emplacement of basanitic and carbonatitic dikes and a thermal event in the South Tien Shan, to the north of our study area. Evidence for arc-related magmatic activity in a back-arc position provides strong arguments for back-arc extension or transtension and basin formation. This puts the Qimgan succession in line with a more than 1000 km long realm of extensional Triassic back-arc basins known from the North Pamir in the Kyrgyz Altyn Darya valley (Myntekin formation), the North Pamir of Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and the Afghan Hindukush (Doab formation) and further west from the Paropamisus and Kopet Dag (Aghdarband, NE Iran).
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/7514691
SN  - 1947-4253
VL  - 2022
IS  - 1
PB  - GeoScienceWorld, Geological Society of America
CY  - Boulder, Colorado, USA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fehr, Jana
A1  - Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Giovanna
A1  - Oala, Luis
A1  - Gröschel, Matthias I.
A1  - Bierwirth, Manuel
A1  - Balachandran, Pradeep
A1  - Werneck-Leite, Alixandro
A1  - Lippert, Christoph
T1  - Piloting a Survey-Based Assessment of Transparency and Trustworthiness with Three Medical AI Tools
JF  - Healthcare
N2  - Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential to support healthcare delivery, but poorly trained or validated algorithms bear risks of harm. Ethical guidelines stated transparency about model development and validation as a requirement for trustworthy AI. Abundant guidance exists to provide transparency through reporting, but poorly reported medical AI tools are common. To close this transparency gap, we developed and piloted a framework to quantify the transparency of medical AI tools with three use cases. Our framework comprises a survey to report on the intended use, training and validation data and processes, ethical considerations, and deployment recommendations. The transparency of each response was scored with either 0, 0.5, or 1 to reflect if the requested information was not, partially, or fully provided. Additionally, we assessed on an analogous three-point scale if the provided responses fulfilled the transparency requirement for a set of trustworthiness criteria from ethical guidelines. The degree of transparency and trustworthiness was calculated on a scale from 0% to 100%. Our assessment of three medical AI use cases pin-pointed reporting gaps and resulted in transparency scores of 67% for two use cases and one with 59%. We report anecdotal evidence that business constraints and limited information from external datasets were major obstacles to providing transparency for the three use cases. The observed transparency gaps also lowered the degree of trustworthiness, indicating compliance gaps with ethical guidelines. All three pilot use cases faced challenges to provide transparency about medical AI tools, but more studies are needed to investigate those in the wider medical AI sector. Applying this framework for an external assessment of transparency may be infeasible if business constraints prevent the disclosure of information. New strategies may be necessary to enable audits of medical AI tools while preserving business secrets.
KW  - artificial intelligence for health
KW  - quality assessment
KW  - transparency
KW  - trustworthiness
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101923
SN  - 2227-9032
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hering, Robert
A1  - Hauptfleisch, Morgan
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species
JF  - Frontiers in Conservation Science
N2  - Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal–fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate–fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals’ movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal–fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate–fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal–fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning.
KW  - fence ecology
KW  - veterinary cordon fence
KW  - ungulate
KW  - movement speed
KW  - fence interaction
KW  - GPS
KW  - Africa
KW  - wildlife conservation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.959423
SN  - 2673-611X
VL  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Marquart, Danny
A1  - Braun, Andreas
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - An overwiew of benefits and risks in open innovation projects and the influence of intermediary participation, decision-making authority, experience, and position on their perception
JF  - International journal of innovation management : IJIM
N2  - This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the influence of the factors (1) intermediary participation, (2) decision-making authority, (3) position in the enterprise, and (4) experience in open innovation on the perception and assessment of the benefits and risks expected from participating in open innovation projects. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The result of this paper is an empirical evidence showing whether and how these factors affect the perception of potential benefits and risks expected within the context of open innovation project participation. Furthermore, the identified effects are discussed against the theory. Existing theory regarding the benefits and risks of open innovation is expanded by (1) finding that they are perceived mostly independently of the factors, (2) confirming the practical relevance of benefits and risks, and (3) enabling a finer distinction between their degrees of relevance according to respective contextual specifics.
KW  - Open innovation
KW  - intermediaries
KW  - benefits
KW  - decision-making
KW  - experience;
KW  - risks
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622500128
SN  - 1363-9196
SN  - 1757-5877
VL  - 26
IS  - 02
PB  - World Scientific Publ.
CY  - Singapore
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ansmann, Moritz
A1  - Seyfried, Markus
T1  - Isomorphism and organizational performance
BT  - evidence from quality management in higher education
JF  - Quality assurance in education
N2  - Purpose Quality management has become an integral part of management reforms in public sector organizations. Drawing on a new institutionalist perspective, this study aims to investigate the relation of management reforms and organizational performance in the context of higher education. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse the interaction between isomorphic conformity in quality management adoption, organizational learning and quality improvement and, in so doing, address the central theoretical question of what effects isomorphic conformity has on organizational performance. Empirically, the study draws on survey data from quality managers at public higher education institutions in Germany. Methodically, it applies confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings The results suggest that mimetic isomorphism is surprisingly compatible with processes of organizational learning, and thus, does not inevitably compromise organizational development. Originality/value By presenting these findings, the authors contribute to the controversial theoretical debate concerning the effects of isomorphism and to the ongoing discussion regarding the organizational impact of quality management in higher education.
KW  - Quality management
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - Higher education
KW  - Structural
KW  - equation modelling
KW  - New institutionalism
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-07-2021-0114
SN  - 0968-4883
SN  - 1758-7662
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 135
EP  - 149
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
CY  - Bingley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weilandt, Maria
ED  - Edtstadler, Katharina
ED  - Folie, Sandra
ED  - Zocco, Gianna
T1  - Nationality as Intersectional Storytelling
BT  - Inventing the "Parisienne"
JF  - New Perspectives on Imagology
N2  - Nationality traditionally is one of imagology’s key terms. In this article, I propose an intersectional understanding of this category, conceiving nationality as an interdependent dynamic. I thus conclude it to be always internally constructed by notions of gender, sexuality, race, class, religion, age, ability, and other identity categories. This complex and multi-layered construct, I argue, is formed narratively. To exemplify this, I analyse practices of stereotyping in Honoré de Balzac’s Illusions perdues (1843) and Henry James’s The American (1877) which construct the so-called Parisienne as a synecdoche for nineteenth-century France.
KW  - Komparatistik
KW  - Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft
KW  - Imagologie
KW  - Intersektionalität
KW  - Honoré de Balzac
KW  - Henry James
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://brill.com/display/title/58016
SN  - 978-90-04-45012-7
SN  - 978-90-04-51315-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004513150_016
SP  - 297
EP  - 311
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Weyland, Michael
T1  - Entrepreneurship education or entrepreneurship education?
BT  - a bibliometric analysis
JF  - Journal of further and higher education
N2  - Entrepreneurship education (EE) has attracted much scholarly attention, showing exponential growth in publication and citation numbers. The research field has become broad, complex, and fragmented, making it increasingly difficult to oversee. Our research goal is to organise and integrate the previous literature. To this end, we use bibliometric analyses, differing from prior analyses, which are outdated or have a different focus. Our results show an immense growth in publications and citations over the last decade and an almost equal involvement of business and educational research. We identify the most productive and influential journals and authors. Our co-citation analysis reveals two research clusters, one focusing on psychological constructs relating to EE, and the other on entrepreneurial behaviour and new venture creation. Based on a review of the 25 most-cited articles on an annual basis, we identify and quantify the most relevant research themes and integrate them into a research framework that we propose for future research. A major finding is that extant research centres around the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, whereas its pedagogy is still mainly a black box.
KW  - Bibliometric analysis
KW  - co-citation analysis
KW  - education;
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - entrepreneurship education
KW  - performance analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2100692
SN  - 0309-877X
SN  - 1469-9486
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 134
EP  - 149
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
T1  - Mediating power?
BT  - Delegation, pooling and leadership selection at international organisations
JF  - The British journal of politics & international relations : BJPIR
N2  - The selection of the executive heads of international organisations represents a key decision in the politics of international organisations. However, we know little about what dynamics influence this selection. The article focuses on the nationality of selected executive heads. It argues that institutional design impacts the factors that influence leadership selection by shaping the costs and benefits of attaining the position for member states’ nationals. The argument is tested with novel data on the nationality of individuals in charge of 69 international organisation bureaucracies between 1970 and 2017. Two findings stand out: first, powerful countries are more able to secure positions in international organisations in which executive heads are voted in by majority voting. Second, less consistent evidence implies that powerful countries secure more positions when bureaucracies are authoritative. The findings have implications for debates on international cooperation by illustrating how power and institutions interact in the selection of international organisation executive heads.
KW  - decision-making
KW  - delegation
KW  - executive head
KW  - institutional design
KW  - international organisations
KW  - pooling
KW  - selection
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148121992761
SN  - 1467-856X
SN  - 1369-1481
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 153
EP  - 170
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maaß, Ulrike
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1  - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills
BT  - Validation of a short scale
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
N2  - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S).

Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts.

Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills).

Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument.
KW  - standardized patient
KW  - treatment integrity
KW  - measurement
KW  - therapist competence
KW  - role-play
KW  - psychotherapy process
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324
SN  - 1664-0640
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwarikunda, Diana
A1  - Schiefele, Ulrich
A1  - Muwonge, Charles Magoba
A1  - Ssenyonga, Joseph
T1  - Profiles of learners based on their cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use: occurrence and relations with gender, intrinsic motivation, and perceived autonomy support
JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
N2  - For life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01322-1
SN  - 2055-1045
VL  - 9
PB  - Springer Nature
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Sinika
A1  - Wolff, Wanja
A1  - Englert, Chris
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Tracking Self-Control – Task Performance and Pupil Size in a Go/No-Go Inhibition Task
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
KW  - self-control
KW  - response inhibition
KW  - psychophysiological
KW  - behavioral and self-report measures
KW  - pupil diameter
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915016
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Wolff, Lara L.
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
T1  - Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women
BT  - Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an  unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98–1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capability
KW  - neuromuscular adaptation
KW  - motor control
KW  - pleasant and unpleasant imagery
KW  - emotions
KW  - emotional imagery
KW  - manual muscle test
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101318
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
ED  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
ED  - Overhoff, Jürgen
ED  - Corfield, Penelope J.
T1  - The Invention of the ‚cheval-machine‘ as a Medical Response to the Machine Paradigm of the Enlightenment
BT  - Samuel Theodor Quellmaltz in Context
JF  - Human-animal interactions in the eighteenth century : from pests and predators to pets, poems and philosophy
N2  - In 1735, the Leipzig professor of medicine Samuel Theodor Quellmaltz (1696–1758) designed and built an artificial horse. He presented it in an illustrated construction manual, which included precise information about the materials and dimensions of this wooden horse for therapeutic use. This contribution analyses Quellmaltz’s invention of the ‘machine horse’ as a medical and technological contribution to prevalent theories about the paradigmatic role of the machine in Enlightenment thought.
N2  - En 1735, le professeur de médecine de Leipzig Samuel Theodor Quellmaltz (1696–1758) a conçu et fabriqué un cheval artificiel. Il l’a présenté dans un manuel de construction illustré avec des informations précises sur les matériaux et les dimensions de ce cheval en bois à usage thérapeutique. Cette contribution analyse l’invention du ‘cheval-machine’ par Quellmaltz en tant que contribution médicale et technologique au paradigme des machines au siècle des Lumières.
KW  - Animal Studies
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-90-04-49539-5
SN  - 978-90-04-44872-8
U6  - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1163/9789004495395_006
VL  - 2022
SP  - 43
EP  - 67
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
A1  - Overhoff, Jürgen
A1  - Corfield, Penelope J.
ED  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
ED  - Overhoff, Jürgen
ED  - Corfield, Penelope J.
T1  - Editorial Introduction
JF  - Human-animal interactions in the eighteenth century : from pests and predators to pets, poems and philosophy
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-90-04-49539-5
SN  - 978-90-04-44872-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004495395_002
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
T1  - Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders
N2  - Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
KW  - basic need satisfaction and frustration
KW  - depressive symptoms
KW  - clinical sample
KW  - need profiles
KW  - social environment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501
SN  - 1664-0640
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liebe, Thomas
A1  - Dordevic, Milos
A1  - Kaufmann, Jörn
A1  - Avetisyan, Araks
A1  - Skalej, Martin
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - Investigation of the functional pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment by localisation-based locus coeruleus resting-state fMRI
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
N2  - Dementia as one of the most prevalent diseases urges for a better understanding of the central mechanisms responsible for clinical symptoms, and necessitates improvement of actual diagnostic capabilities. The brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is a promising target for early diagnosis because of its early structural alterations and its relationship to the functional disturbances in the patients. In this study, we applied our improved method of localisation-based LC resting-state fMRI to investigate the differences in central sensory signal processing when comparing functional connectivity (fc) of a patient group with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 28) and an age-matched healthy control group (n = 29). MCI and control participants could be differentiated in their Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) scores (p < .001) and LC intensity ratio (p = .010). In the fMRI, LC fc to anterior cingulate cortex (FDR p < .001) and left anterior insula (FDR p = .012) was elevated, and LC fc to right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ, FDR p = .012) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, FDR p = .021) was decreased in the patient group. Importantly, LC to rTPJ connectivity was also positively correlated to MMSE scores in MCI patients (p = .017). Furthermore, we found a hyperactivation of the left-insula salience network in the MCI patients. Our results and our proposed disease model shed new light on the functional pathogenesis of MCI by directing to attentional network disturbances, which could aid new therapeutic strategies and provide a marker for diagnosis and prediction of disease progression.
KW  - attention
KW  - locus coeruleus
KW  - mild cognitive impairment
KW  - resting-state fMRI
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26039
SN  - 1097-0193
VL  - 43
SP  - 5630
EP  - 5642
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York, NY, USA
ET  - 18
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pinkas, Ronen
T1  - Freud’s Moses and Fromm’s Freud
BT  - Erich Fromm’s silence on Freud’s Moses – A silence of negation or a silence of consent?
JF  - International Journal of Philosophy and Theology
N2  - In 1939 Sigmund Freud published his latest book, Moses and Monotheism, which is his most unusual and problematic work. In Moses Freud offers four groundbreaking claims in regard to the biblical story: [a] Moses was an Egyptian [b] The origin of monotheism is not Judaism [c] Moses was murdered by the Jews [d] The murder sparked a constant sense of unconscious guilt, which eventually contributed to the rational and ethical development of Jewish monotheism. As is well known, Freud’s Moses received extremely negative reviews from Jewish thinkers. The social psychoanalyst, Erich Fromm, who wrote extensively on Freud as well as on Judaism and the biblical narrative, did not explicitly express his position on Freud’s latest work. This paper offers explanations for Fromm’s roaring silence on Freud’s Moses.
KW  - Judaism and psychoanalysis
KW  - Moses and monotheism
KW  - Jewish philosophy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/21692327.2022.2140184
SN  - 2169-2327
SN  - 2169-2335
SN  - 1783-1377
SN  - 0006-2278
VL  - 83
IS  - 4
SP  - 240
EP  - 262
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kosman, Admiʾel
T1  - A religious approach to sexual behavior for our liberal communities from a dialogical jewish perspective
BT  - Mitzvah, R’shut, Isur — a proposal
JF  - CCAR journal : a reform jewish quarterly
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-0-88123-618-7
SN  - 0007-7976
SN  - 1058-8760
VL  - Spring 2022
SP  - 125
EP  - 146
PB  - Central Conference of American Rabbis
CY  - Cleveland
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heidt, Irene
T1  - Fostering symbolic competence in the age of twitter politics
BT  - a teaching unit on linguistic and political emergencies for learners of english
JF  - Anglistik : international journal of English studies
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33675/ANGL/2022/3/8
SN  - 0947-0034
SN  - 2625-2147
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
SP  - 75
EP  - 89
PB  - Universitätsverlag Winter
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Asche, Matthias
A1  - Gerber, Stefan
ED  - Dunphy, Graeme
ED  - Gow, Andrew
T1  - Student association
JF  - Encyclopedia of Early Modern History. Seven Year's War. Symbolic Money
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-90-04-26991-0
VL  - 13
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Osei, Francis
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review
JF  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
N2  - Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case–control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case–control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.
KW  - allostatic load
KW  - cortisol
KW  - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
KW  - epinephrine
KW  - norepinephrine
KW  - metabolic syndrome
KW  - primary marker
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.946740
SN  - 1664-2392
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziegler, Joceline
A1  - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1  - Schulz, Heinrich
A1  - Saalbach, Axel
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - Defending against Reconstruction Attacks through Differentially Private Federated Learning for Classification of Heterogeneous Chest X-ray Data
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.
KW  - federated learning
KW  - privacy and security
KW  - privacy attack
KW  - X-ray
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145195
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 14
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Theobald, Paula
A1  - Gronwald, Thomas
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - Going digital – a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health
JF  - European review of aging and physical activity
N2  - In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
KW  - Digital Health
KW  - Electronic Health
KW  - Mobile Health
KW  - Telehealth
KW  - Telemedicine
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Physical training
KW  - Aging
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y
SN  - 1861-6909
VL  - 19
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lindner, Nadja
A1  - Moeller, Korbinian
A1  - Hildebrandt, Frauke
A1  - Hasselhorn, Marcus
A1  - Lonnemann, Jan
T1  - Children's use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language is related to their numerical magnitude understanding
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude.
KW  - spatial language
KW  - frames of reference
KW  - numerical development
KW  - mental number line
KW  - preschool children
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943191
SN  - 1664-1078
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilbert, Jürgen
A1  - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz
A1  - Lüke, Timo
T1  - Statistical Power of Piecewise Regression Analyses of Single-Case Experimental Studies Addressing Behavior Problems
JF  - Frontiers in Education
N2  - In intervention research, single-case experimental designs are an important way to gain insights into the causes of individual changes that yield high internal validity. They are commonly applied to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions to reduce problem behavior in schools. At the same time, there is no consensus on good design characteristics of single-case experimental designs when dealing with behavioral problems in schools. Moreover, specific challenges arise concerning appropriate approaches to analyzing behavioral data. Our study addresses the interplay between the test power of piecewise regression analysis and important design specifications of single-case research designs. Here, we focus on the influence of the following specifications of single-case research designs: number of measurement times, the initial frequency of the behavior, intervention effect, and data trend. We conducted a Monte-Carlo study. First, simulated datasets were created with specific design conditions based on reviews of published single-case intervention studies. Following, data were analyzed using piecewise Poisson-regression models, and the influence of specific design specifications on the test power was investigated. Our results indicate that piecewise regressions have a high potential of adequately identifying the effects of interventions for single-case studies. At the same time, test power is strongly related to the specific design specifications of the single-case study: Few measurement times, especially in phase A, and low initial frequencies of the behavior make it impossible to detect even large intervention effects. Research designs with a high number of measurement times show robust power. The insights gained are highly relevant for researchers in the field, as decisions during the early stage of conceptualizing and planning single-case experimental design studies may impact the chance to identify an existing intervention effect during the research process correctly.
KW  - single-case design
KW  - single case analysis
KW  - Monte-Carlo simulation
KW  - behavior problems
KW  - special education
KW  - research design
KW  - single-case experimental design
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.917944
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Oliver, Jonathan L.
A1  - Pedley, Jason S.
A1  - Lloyd, Rhodri S.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review
JF  - Sports
N2  - The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1–2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24–48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research.
KW  - human physical conditioning
KW  - exercise
KW  - resistance training
KW  - muscle strength
KW  - plyometric exercise
KW  - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena
KW  - movement
KW  - sports
KW  - football
KW  - youth sport
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060094
SN  - 2075-4663
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hecker, Pascal
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Eyben, Florian
A1  - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends
JF  - Frontiers in Digital Health
N2  - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance.
KW  - neurological disorders
KW  - voice
KW  - speech
KW  - everyday life
KW  - multiple modalities
KW  - machine learning
KW  - disorder recognition
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301
SN  - 2673-253X
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiebking, Christine
A1  - Lin, Chiao-I
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology, section Neurorehabilitation
N2  - Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain.
KW  - chronic back pain
KW  - sensorimotor training intervention
KW  - multimodal intervention
KW  - MRI
KW  - neuroplasticity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.773813
SN  - 1664-2295
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Gurke, Marie
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27137-3
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Göldel, Julia Marlen
A1  - Kamrath, Clemens
A1  - Minden, Kirsten
A1  - Wiegand, Susanna
A1  - Lanzinger, Stefanie
A1  - Sengler, Claudia
A1  - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann
A1  - Holl, Reinhard
A1  - Tittel, Sascha René
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Access to Healthcare for Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Results from the KICK-COVID Study in Germany
JF  - Children
N2  - This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
KW  - chronic health condition
KW  - children and adolescents
KW  - health care
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
KW  - diabetes
KW  - rheumatic diseases
KW  - obesity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010010
SN  - 2227-9067
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergholz, Kolja
A1  - Sittel, Lara-Pauline
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Weiß, Lina
T1  - Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity
JF  - Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees and hoverflies, respond to different land-use intensification measures, that is, arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH), and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60–3000 m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140–400 m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500–3000 m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverfly abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of hoverflies. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification seem to be highly landscape-specific.
KW  - hoverflies
KW  - landscape homogenization
KW  - plant functional trait
KW  - syrphids
KW  - wild bees
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8708
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Hoboken (New Jersey)
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - A conundrum of trends
BT  - comment on a paper by Lischeid et al. (2021)
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - This comment is meant to reiterate two warnings: One applies to the uncritical use of ready-made (openly available) program packages, and one to the estimation of trends in serially correlated time series. Both warnings apply to the recent publication of Lischeid et al. about lake-level trends in Germany.
KW  - Linear trends
KW  - Autocorrelation
KW  - Pre-whitening
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127745
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 609
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kastius, Alexander
A1  - Schlosser, Rainer
T1  - Dynamic pricing under competition using reinforcement learning
JF  - Journal of revenue and pricing management
N2  - Dynamic pricing is considered a possibility to gain an advantage over competitors in modern online markets. The past advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provided more capable algorithms that can be used to solve pricing problems. In this paper, we study the performance of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Soft Actor Critic (SAC) in different market models. We consider tractable duopoly settings, where optimal solutions derived by dynamic programming techniques can be used for verification, as well as oligopoly settings, which are usually intractable due to the curse of dimensionality. We find that both algorithms provide reasonable results, while SAC performs better than DQN. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions, RL algorithms can be forced into collusion by their competitors without direct communication.
KW  - Dynamic pricing
KW  - Competition
KW  - Reinforcement learning
KW  - E-commerce
KW  - Price collusion
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-021-00285-3
SN  - 1476-6930
SN  - 1477-657X
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
PB  - Springer Nature Switzerland AG
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
T1  - Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says ‘Yes’
JF  - Acta Psychologica
N2  - In numerical processing, the functional role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs, such as the association of smaller numbers with left space and larger numbers with right space, the Mental Number Line hypothesis) is debated. Most studies demonstrate SNAs with lateralized responses, and there is little evidence that SNAs appear when no response is required. We recorded passive holding grip forces in no-go trials during number processing. In Experiment 1, participants performed a surface numerical decision task (“Is it a number or a letter?”). In Experiment 2, we used a deeper semantic task (“Is this number larger or smaller than five?”). Despite instruction to keep their grip force constant, participants' spontaneous grip force changed in both experiments: Smaller numbers led to larger force increase in the left than in the right hand in the numerical decision task (500–700 ms after stimulus onset). In the semantic task, smaller numbers again led to larger force increase in the left hand, and larger numbers increased the right-hand holding force. This effect appeared earlier (180 ms) and lasted longer (until 580 ms after stimulus onset). This is the first demonstration of SNAs with passive holding force. Our result suggests that (1) explicit motor response is not a prerequisite for SNAs to appear, and (2) the timing and strength of SNAs are task-dependent. (216 words).
KW  - SNARC
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Number processing
KW  - Embodied cognition
KW  - Grip force
KW  - Motor system
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103791
SN  - 1873-6297
VL  - 231
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Ying
T1  - Study on transport mechanism of m5C-edited mRNAs
Y1  - 2022
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adair, Gigi
A1  - McLaughlin, Carly
T1  - Beyond humanitarianism
BT  - reading counternarratives of forced migration from the global south
JF  - Narrating Flight and Asylum
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-86821-965-4
SP  - 165
EP  - 182
PB  - Trier
CY  - WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vilk, Ohad
A1  - Aghion, Erez
A1  - Avgar, Tal
A1  - Beta, Carsten
A1  - Nagel, Oliver
A1  - Sabri, Adal
A1  - Sarfati, Raphael
A1  - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1  - Weiß, Matthias
A1  - Krapf, Diego
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Assaf, Michael
T1  - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT  - from molecules to migrating storks
JF  - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2  - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park, MD
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Waller, Nicole
T1  - Marronage or underground?
BT  - the black geographies of Colson Whitehead's The Underground Railroad and Ta-Nehisi Coates's The Water Dancer
JF  - MELUS : multi-ethnic literature of the U.S. / Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
N2  - I combine a reading of contemporary scholarship on US maroon histories and the Underground Railroad—and the concomitant notions of marronage and the underground—with a reading of two recent works of African American literature: Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) and Ta-Nehisi Coates’s The Water Dancer (2019). Foregrounding the idea of Black geographies as a form of placemaking and “thinking otherwise” about land and water, I suggest that despite the differing, and at times contrasting, trajectories of maroon histories and the histories of Black flight to the North, African American maroon experiences and the Underground Railroad are conceptually connected in contemporary African American literature. I read the two novels as recent literary expressions of this conceptual link, which is played out via representations of relating to the land. By reimagining and intertwining marronage and the underground, both novels articulate a critique of settler-colonial and plantation modes of spatial practice, modes they identify as formative for US-American nationhood. They also, tentatively but forcefully, gesture toward alternative ways of being “above” and “below” the land while affirming African American connectedness to place.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlac021
SN  - 0163-755X
SN  - 1946-3170
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 45
EP  - 70
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Penschke, Christopher
A1  - Edler von Zander, Robert
A1  - Beqiraj, Alkit
A1  - Zehle, Anna
A1  - Jahn, Nicolas
A1  - Neumann, Rainer
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Water on porous, nitrogen-containing layered carbon materials
BT  - the performance of computational model chemistries
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry
N2  - Porous, layered materials containing sp(2)-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms, offer through their tunable properties, a versatile route towards tailormade catalysts for electrochemistry and photochemistry. A key molecule interacting with these quasi two-dimensional materials (2DM) is water, and a photo(electro)chemical key reaction catalyzed by them, is water splitting into H-2 and O-2, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as half reactions. The complexity of some C/N-based 2DM in contact with water raises special needs for their theoretical modelling, which in turn is needed for rational design of C/N-based catalysts. In this work, three classes of C/N-containing porous 2DM with varying pore sizes and C/N ratios, namely graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), C2N, and poly(heptazine imides) (PHI), are studied with various computational methods. We elucidate the performance of different models and model chemistries (the combination of electronic structure method and basis set) for water and water fragment adsorption in the low-coverage regime. Further, properties related to the photo(electro)chemical activity like electrochemical overpotentials, band gaps, and optical excitation energies are in our focus. Specifically, periodic models will be tested vs. cluster models, and density functional theory (DFT) vs. wavefunction theory (WFT). This work serves as a basis for a systematic study of trends for the photo(electro)chemical activity of C/N-containing layered materials as a function of water content, pore size and density.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00657j
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 24
IS  - 24
SP  - 14709
EP  - 14726
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eccard, Jana
T1  - Can rolling composite wildflower blocks increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes better than wildflowers strips?
JF  - Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
N2  - Biodiversity and abundance of wildlife has dramatically declined in agricultural landscapes. Sown, short-lived wildflower (WF) strips along the margins of crop fields are a widespread and often subsidised in agri-environmental schemes, intended to enhance biodiversity, provide refuges for wild plant and arthropod populations and to provide ecosystem services to crops. Meanwhile, WF elements are also criticised, since their functionality decreases with plant succession, the removal of aged WF strip poses an ecological trap for the attracted arthropod populations and only common and mobile species benefit. Further, insects in WF strips are impacted by pesticides from agricultural fields due to shared boundaries with crop fields and by edge effects. The performance of the measure could be improved by combining several WF strips of different successional stages, each harbouring a unique community of plants and arthropods, into persistent, composite WF block, where successional stages exist in parallel. Monitoring data on many taxa in the literature shows, that a third of species are temporarily present in an ageing WF stip, thus offering composite WF blocks should increase cumulative species richness by 28%-39% compared to annual richness in WF strips. Persistence of composite WF blocks would offer reliable refuge for animal and plant populations, also supporting their predators and herbivores. Further, WF blocks have less boundaries to crops compared to WF strips of the same area, and are less impacted by edge effects and pesticides. Policy implications. Here I suggest a change of conservation practice changing from successional WF strips to composite WF blocks. By regular removal and replacement of aged WF strips either within the block (rotational) or at its margins (rolling), the habitat heterogeneity in composite WF block could be perpetuated. Rolling composite WF blocks change locations over years, and the original location can be reconverted to arable land while a nearby WF block is still available to wildlife. A change in agricultural schemes would be necessary, since in some European countries clustered WF strips are explicitly not subsidised.
KW  - AES
KW  - agriculture
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - CAP
KW  - conservation scheme
KW  - field margins
KW  - insects
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14147
SN  - 0021-8901
SN  - 1365-2664
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
SP  - 1172
EP  - 1177
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lood, Kajsa
A1  - Tikk, Triin
A1  - Krüger, Mandy
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Methylene capping facilitates cross-metathesis reactions of enals
BT  - a short synthesis of 7-methoxywutaifuranal from the xylochemical isoeugenol
JF  - The journal of organic chemistry
N2  - Four combinations of type-I olefins isoeugenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene with type-II olefins acrolein and crotonaldehyde were investigated in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions. While both type-I olefins are suitable CM partners for this transformation, we observed synthetically useful conversions only with type-II olefin crotonaldehyde. For economic reasons, isoeugenol, a cheap xylochemical available from renewable lignocellulose or from clove oil, is the preferred type-I CM partner. Nearly quantitative conversions to coniferyl aldehyde by the CM reaction of isoeugenol and crotonaldehyde can be obtained at ambient temperature without a solvent or at high substrate concentrations of 2 mol.L-1 with the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Under these conditions, the ratio of reactants can be reduced to 1:1.5 and catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol % are possible. The high reactivity of the isoeugenol/crotonaldehyde combination in olefin metathesis reactions was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the natural product 7-methoxywutaifuranal, which was obtained from isoeugenol in a 44% yield over five steps. We suggest that the superior performance of crotonaldehyde in the CM reactions investigated can be rationalized by "methylene capping", i.e., the steric stabilization of the propagating Ru-alkylidene species.
KW  - Aldehydes
KW  - Catalysts
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Metathesis
KW  - Mixtures
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02851
SN  - 0022-3263
SN  - 1520-6904
VL  - 87
IS  - 5
SP  - 3079
EP  - 3088
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattis, Toni
A1  - Beckmann, Tom
A1  - Rein, Patrick
A1  - Hirschfeld, Robert
T1  - First-class concepts
BT  - Reified architectural knowledge beyond dominant decompositions
JF  - Journal of object technology : JOT / ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
N2  - Ideally, programs are partitioned into independently maintainable and understandable modules. As a system grows, its architecture gradually loses the capability to accommodate new concepts in a modular way. While refactoring is expensive and not always possible, and the programming language might lack dedicated primary language constructs to express certain cross-cutting concerns, programmers are still able to explain and delineate convoluted concepts through secondary means: code comments, use of whitespace and arrangement of code, documentation, or communicating tacit knowledge. <br /> Secondary constructs are easy to change and provide high flexibility in communicating cross-cutting concerns and other concepts among programmers. However, such secondary constructs usually have no reified representation that can be explored and manipulated as first-class entities through the programming environment. <br /> In this exploratory work, we discuss novel ways to express a wide range of concepts, including cross-cutting concerns, patterns, and lifecycle artifacts independently of the dominant decomposition imposed by an existing architecture. We propose the representation of concepts as first-class objects inside the programming environment that retain the capability to change as easily as code comments. We explore new tools that allow programmers to view, navigate, and change programs based on conceptual perspectives. In a small case study, we demonstrate how such views can be created and how the programming experience changes from draining programmers' attention by stretching it across multiple modules toward focusing it on cohesively presented concepts. Our designs are geared toward facilitating multiple secondary perspectives on a system to co-exist in symbiosis with the original architecture, hence making it easier to explore, understand, and explain complex contexts and narratives that are hard or impossible to express using primary modularity constructs.
KW  - software engineering
KW  - modularity
KW  - exploratory programming
KW  - program
KW  - comprehension
KW  - remodularization
KW  - architecture recovery
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2022.21.2.a6
SN  - 1660-1769
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science
CY  - Zürich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaya, Adem
A1  - Freitag, Melina A.
T1  - Conditioning analysis for discrete Helmholtz problems
JF  - Computers and mathematics with applications : an international journal
N2  - In this paper, we examine conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem. Although the discrete Helmholtz problem has been studied from different perspectives, to the best of our knowledge, there is no conditioning analysis for it. We aim to fill this gap in the literature. We propose a novel method in 1D to observe the near-zero eigenvalues of a symmetric indefinite matrix. Standard classification of ill-conditioning based on the matrix condition number is not true for the discrete Helmholtz problem. We relate the ill-conditioning of the discretization of the Helmholtz problem with the condition number of the matrix. We carry out analytical conditioning analysis in 1D and extend our observations to 2D with numerical observations. We examine several discretizations. We find different regions in which the condition number of the problem shows different characteristics. We also explain the general behavior of the solutions in these regions.
KW  - Helmholtz problem
KW  - Condition number
KW  - Ill-conditioning
KW  - Indefinite
KW  - matrices
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2022.05.016
SN  - 0898-1221
SN  - 1873-7668
VL  - 118
SP  - 171
EP  - 182
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Burger, Andreas M.
A1  - Claes, Nathalie
A1  - D'Agostini, Martina
A1  - Fischer, Rico
A1  - Franssen, Mathijs
A1  - Kaess, Michael
A1  - Koenig, Julian
A1  - Liepelt, Roman
A1  - Nieuwenhuis, Sander
A1  - Sommer, Aldo
A1  - Usichenko, Taras
A1  - Van Diest, Ilse
A1  - von Leupoldt, Andreas
A1  - Warren, Christopher Michael
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis
JF  - Brain Stimulation
N2  - Background
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet.

Methods
The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release.

Results
While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity.

Conclusion(s)
Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
KW  - Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation
KW  - tVNS
KW  - sAA
KW  - Noradrenaline
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Data pooling
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009
SN  - 1876-4754
VL  - 15
SP  - 1378
EP  - 1388
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York, NY, USA
ET  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wutzler, Bianca
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF  - Frontiers in Water
N2  - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW  - risk management
KW  - climate change adaptation
KW  - floods
KW  - disaster risk reduction
KW  - Germany
KW  - precaution
KW  - emergency management
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN  - 2624-9375
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parry, Victor
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator
BT  - A Case Study of Rotifera
JF  - Biology
N2  - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW  - animal behaviour
KW  - transgenerational response
KW  - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW  - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW  - video analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN  - 2079-7737
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ungelenk, Johannes
T1  - Kiss me (not!), Cressida - or: the social touch of lips and tongue
JF  - Arcadia : international journal of literary culture
N2  - The article is dedicated to the problem of social bonds that is negotiated in Troilus and Cressida. Troilus and Ulysses embody an old, traditional order of the world that is out of joint, while Cressida's behaviour and her way of interacting indicate a different and new regime of social regulation that is about to take over. With its complex superposition of (touches of) love and war, Troilus and Cressida brings together rituals of touch, anarchic speech acts, and a gendered perspective on the world that associates touch and temporality with 'frail' femininity and temptation. With unrivalled intensity, the play puts to the spectator that the basic condition of touch, i.e. exposing oneself to another, entails an incalculable risk. Hector tragically falls for the vulnerability inherent in touch and the audience suffers with him because they share this existential precondition on which modern society is 'founded.' The gloomy, inescapable atmosphere of societal crisis that Troilus and Cressida creates emphasises the fact that the fragility of touch is not to be overcome. The fractions - no matter whether Greek, Trojan, or those of loving couples - cannot simply be reunited to form a new, authentic entity. Generating at least some form of social cohesion therefore remains a challenge.
KW  - Friedrich Nietzsche
KW  - Carl Schmitt
KW  - social cohesion
KW  - Troilus and
KW  - Cressida
KW  - touch
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2022-9051
SN  - 0003-7982
SN  - 1613-0642
VL  - 57
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 46
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bekir, Marek
A1  - Sharma, Anjali
A1  - Umlandt, Maren
A1  - Lomadze, Nino
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
T1  - How to make a surface act as a micropump
JF  - Advanced materials interfaces
N2  - In this paper, the phenomenon of light-driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long-range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro-sized objects trapped near a solid wall is investigated. The range of the DO flow extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The "fuel" of the light-driven DO flow is a photosensitive surfactant which can be photo-isomerized between trans and cis-states. The trans-isomer tends to accumulate at the interface, while the cis-isomer prefers to stay in solution. In combination with a dissimilar photo-isomerization rate at the interface and in bulk, this yields a concentration gradient of the isomers around single particles resulting in local light-driven diffusioosmotic (l-LDDO) flow. Here, the extended analysis of the l-LDDO flow as a function of irradiation parameters by introducing time-dependent development of the concentration excess of isomers near the particle surface is presented. It is also demonstrated that the l-LDDO can be generated at any solid/liquid interface being more pronounced in the case of strongly absorbing material. This phenomenon has plenty of potential applications since it makes any type of surface act as a micropump.
KW  - azobenzene containing surfactant
KW  - light-driven diffusioosmosis
KW  - rate of
KW  - photo-isomerization
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202102395
SN  - 2196-7350
VL  - 9
IS  - 12
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prasse, Paul
A1  - Iversen, Pascal
A1  - Lienhard, Matthias
A1  - Thedinga, Kristina
A1  - Herwig, Ralf
A1  - Scheffer, Tobias
T1  - Pre-Training on In Vitro and Fine-Tuning on Patient-Derived Data Improves Deep Neural Networks for Anti-Cancer Drug-Sensitivity Prediction
JF  - MDPI
N2  - Large-scale databases that report the inhibitory capacities of many combinations of candidate drug compounds and cultivated cancer cell lines have driven the development of preclinical drug-sensitivity models based on machine learning. However, cultivated cell lines have devolved from human cancer cells over years or even decades under selective pressure in culture conditions. Moreover, models that have been trained on in vitro data cannot account for interactions with other types of cells. Drug-response data that are based on patient-derived cell cultures, xenografts, and organoids, on the other hand, are not available in the quantities that are needed to train high-capacity machine-learning models. We found that pre-training deep neural network models of drug sensitivity on in vitro drug-sensitivity databases before fine-tuning the model parameters on patient-derived data improves the models’ accuracy and improves the biological plausibility of the features, compared to training only on patient-derived data. From our experiments, we can conclude that pre-trained models outperform models that have been trained on the target domains in the vast majority of cases.
KW  - deep neural networks
KW  - drug-sensitivity prediction
KW  - anti-cancer drugs
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163950
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 14
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Lins, Alisa
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Personality drives activity and space use in a mammalian herbivore
JF  - Movement Ecology
N2  - Background
Animal personality has emerged as a key concept in behavioral ecology. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of personality traits on behavioral patterns, its quantification, especially in wild animal populations, remains a challenge. Only a few studies have established a link between personality and recurring movements within home ranges, although these small-scale movements are of key importance for identifying ecological interactions and forming individual niches. In this regard, differences in space use among individuals might reflect different exploration styles between behavioral types along the shy-bold continuum.

Methods
We assessed among-individual differences in behavior in the European hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic mammalian herbivore in agricultural landscapes using a standardized box emergence test for captive and wild hares. We determined an individuals’ degree of boldness by measuring the latencies of behavioral responses in repeated emergence tests in captivity. During capture events of wild hares, we conducted a single emergence test and recorded behavioral responses proven to be stable over time in captive hares. Applying repeated novel environment tests in a near-natural enclosure, we further quantified aspects of exploration and activity in captive hares. Finally, we investigated whether and how this among-individual behavioral variation is related to general activity and space use in a wild hare population. Wild and captive hares were treated similarly and GPS-collared with internal accelerometers prior to release to the wild or the outdoor enclosure, respectively. General activity was quantified as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) obtained from accelerometers. Finally, we tested whether boldness explained variation in (i) ODBA in both settings and (ii) variation in home ranges and core areas across different time scales of GPS-collared hares in a wild population.

Results
We found three behavioral responses to be consistent over time in captive hares. ODBA was positively related to boldness (i.e., short latencies to make first contact with the new environment) in both captive and wild hares. Space use in wild hares also varied with boldness, with shy individuals having smaller core areas and larger home ranges than bold conspecifics (yet in some of the parameter space, this association was just marginally significant).

Conclusions
Against our prediction, shy individuals occupied relatively large home ranges but with small core areas. We suggest that this space use pattern is due to them avoiding risky, and energy-demanding competition for valuable resources. Carefully validated, activity measurements (ODBA) from accelerometers provide a valuable tool to quantify aspects of animal personality along the shy-bold continuum remotely. Without directly observing—and possibly disturbing—focal individuals, this approach allows measuring variability in animal personality, especially in species that are difficult to assess with experiments. Considering that accelerometers are often already built into GPS units, we recommend activating them at least during the initial days of tracking to estimate individual variation in general activity and, if possible, match them with a simple novelty experiment. Furthermore, information on individual behavioral types will help to facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive spatial and ecological dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.
KW  - Animal personality
KW  - Movement ecology
KW  - Inter-individual differences
KW  - ODBA
KW  - Energy expenditure
KW  - European hare
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00333-6
SN  - 2051-3933
VL  - 10
PB  - BioMed Central (BMC), Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Lena Katharina
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Rottler, Erwin
A1  - Blume, Theresa
A1  - Schöber, Johannes
A1  - Bronstert, Axel
T1  - Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment
BT  - identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Ötztal, Austria
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done.

We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper Ötztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006–2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, Sölden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 % to 30 % glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data.

Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 % of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area.

Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022
SN  - 2196-632X
SN  - 2196-6311
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SP  - 653
EP  - 669
PB  - Copernicus Publications
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio
A1  - Guillemoteau, Julien
A1  - Tronicke, Jens
T1  - A comprehensive workflow to analyze ensembles of globally inverted 2D electrical resistivity models
JF  - Journal of applied geophysics
N2  - Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) aims at imaging the subsurface resistivity distribution and provides valuable information for different geological, engineering, and hydrological applications. To obtain a subsurface resistivity model from measured apparent resistivities, stochastic or deterministic inversion procedures may be employed. Typically, the inversion of ERT data results in non-unique solutions; i.e., an ensemble of different models explains the measured data equally well. In this study, we perform inference analysis of model ensembles generated using a well-established global inversion approach to assess uncertainties related to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. Our interpretation strategy starts by establishing model selection criteria based on different statistical descriptors calculated from the data residuals. Then, we perform cluster analysis considering the inverted resistivity models and the corresponding data residuals. Finally, we evaluate model uncertainties and residual distributions for each cluster. To illustrate the potential of our approach, we use a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain an ensemble of 2D layer-based resistivity models from a synthetic data example and a field data set collected in Loon-Plage, France. Our strategy performs well for both synthetic and field data and allows us to extract different plausible model scenarios with their associated uncertainties and data residual distributions. Although we demonstrate our workflow using 2D ERT data and a PSObased inversion approach, the proposed strategy is general and can be adapted to analyze model ensembles generated from other kinds of geophysical data and using different global inversion approaches.
KW  - Near-surface geophysics
KW  - Electrical resistivity tomography
KW  - Non-uniqueness
KW  - Global inversion
KW  - Particle swarm optimization
KW  - Ensemble
KW  - analysis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2021.104512
SN  - 0926-9851
SN  - 1879-1859
VL  - 196
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kager, Klara
A1  - Jurczok, Anne
A1  - Bolli, Swantje
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - We were thinking too much like adults
BT  - Examining the development of teachers' critical and collaborative reflection in lesson study discussions
JF  - Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies
N2  - This mixed-method study addresses the need for a clear conceptualization of the professional reflection element of Lesson Study (LS), a popular collaborative approach to the professional development of teachers. Grounding and re-framing LS's post-lesson discussion in a theoretical framework of critical and collaborative reflection, we analyze the transcripts of four LS groups at German primary schools, focusing on depth of reflection and teachers' trajectories through their reflective practice. The findings show that LS groups differed significantly in the depth and the trajectories of their reflection processes. We consider implications for post-lesson discussions and critical reflection as a LS core skill.
KW  - Teacher learning
KW  - Professional development
KW  - Critical and collaborative
KW  - reflection
KW  - Lesson study
KW  - Critical inquiry
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103683
SN  - 0742-051X
SN  - 1879-2480
VL  - 113
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lewandowski, Max
T1  - Hadamard states for bosonic quantum field theory on globally hyperbolic spacetimes
JF  - Journal of mathematical physics
N2  - According to Radzikowski’s celebrated results, bisolutions of a wave operator on a globally hyperbolic spacetime are of the Hadamard form iff they are given by a linear combination of distinguished parametrices i2(G˜aF−G˜F+G˜A−G˜R) in the sense of Duistermaat and Hörmander [Acta Math. 128, 183–269 (1972)] and Radzikowski [Commun. Math. Phys. 179, 529 (1996)]. Inspired by the construction of the corresponding advanced and retarded Green operator GA, GR as done by Bär, Ginoux, and Pfäffle {Wave Equations on Lorentzian Manifolds and Quantization [European Mathematical Society (EMS), Zürich, 2007]}, we construct the remaining two Green operators GF, GaF locally in terms of Hadamard series. Afterward, we provide the global construction of i2(G˜aF−G˜F), which relies on new techniques such as a well-posed Cauchy problem for bisolutions and a patching argument using Čech cohomology. This leads to global bisolutions of the Hadamard form, each of which can be chosen to be a Hadamard two-point-function, i.e., the smooth part can be adapted such that, additionally, the symmetry and the positivity condition are exactly satisfied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0055753
SN  - 0022-2488
SN  - 1089-7658
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chromik, Jonas
A1  - Kirsten, Kristina
A1  - Herdick, Arne
A1  - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - SensorHub
BT  - Multimodal sensing in real-life enables home-based studies
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Observational studies are an important tool for determining whether the findings from controlled experiments can be transferred into scenarios that are closer to subjects' real-life circumstances. A rigorous approach to observational studies involves collecting data from different sensors to comprehensively capture the situation of the subject. However, this leads to technical difficulties especially if the sensors are from different manufacturers, as multiple data collection tools have to run simultaneously. We present SensorHub, a system that can collect data from various wearable devices from different manufacturers, such as inertial measurement units, portable electrocardiographs, portable electroencephalographs, portable photoplethysmographs, and sensors for electrodermal activity. Additionally, our tool offers the possibility to include ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies. Hence, SensorHub enables multimodal sensor data collection under real-world conditions and allows direct user feedback to be collected through questionnaires, enabling studies at home. In a first study with 11 participants, we successfully used SensorHub to record multiple signals with different devices and collected additional information with the help of EMAs. In addition, we evaluated SensorHub's technical capabilities in several trials with up to 21 participants recording simultaneously using multiple sensors with sampling frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. We could show that although there is a theoretical limitation to the transmissible data rate, in practice this limitation is not an issue and data loss is rare. We conclude that with modern communication protocols and with the increasingly powerful smartphones and wearables, a system like our SensorHub establishes an interoperability framework to adequately combine consumer-grade sensing hardware which enables observational studies in real life.
KW  - multimodal sensing
KW  - home-based studies
KW  - activity recognition
KW  - sensor
KW  - systems
KW  - ecological momentary assessment
KW  - digital health
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010408
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engel, Robert
A1  - Micheel, Burkhard
A1  - Hanack, Katja
T1  - Three-dimensional cell culture approach for in vitro immunization and the production of monoclonal antibodies
JF  - Biomedical materials : materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
N2  - The generation of monoclonal antibodies using an in vitro immunization approach is a promising alternative to conventional hybridoma technology. As recently published, the in vitro approach enables an antigen-specific activation of B lymphocytes within 10-12 d followed by immortalization and subsequent selection of hybridomas. This in vitro process can be further improved by using a three-dimensional surrounding to stabilize the complex microenvironment required for a successful immune reaction. In this study, the suitability of Geltrex as a material for the generation of monoclonal antigen-specific antibodies by in vitro immunization was analyzed. We could show that dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells were able to travel through and interact inside of the matrix, leading to the antigen-specific activation of T and B cells. For cell recovery and subsequent hybridoma technique the suitability of dispase and Corning cell recovery solution (CRS) was compared. In our experiments, the use of dispase resulted in a severe alteration of cell surface receptor expression patterns and significantly higher cell death, while we could not detect an adverse effect of Corning CRS. Finally, an easy approach for high-density cell culture was established by printing an alginate ring inside a cell culture vessel. The ring was filled with Geltrex, cells, and medium to ensure a sufficient supply during cultivation. Using this approach, we were able to generate monoclonal hybridomas that produce antigen-specific antibodies against ovalbumin and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
KW  - monoclonal antibody
KW  - hybridoma technology
KW  - in vitro immunization
KW  - 3D
KW  - cell culture
KW  - Geltrex
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ac7b00
SN  - 1748-6041
SN  - 1748-605X
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
PB  - Inst. of Physics
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Marjänn Helena
A1  - Kakularam, Kumar Reddy
A1  - Reisch, Florian
A1  - Rothe, Michael
A1  - Stehling, Sabine
A1  - Heydeck, Dagmar
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Kuhn, Hartmut
T1  - Male Knock-in Mice Expressing an Arachidonic Acid Lipoxygenase 15B (Alox15B) with Humanized Reaction Specificity Are Prematurely Growth Arrested When Aging
JF  - Biomedicines
N2  - Mammalian arachidonic acid lipoxygenases (ALOXs) have been implicated in cell differentiation and in the pathogenesis of inflammation. The mouse genome involves seven functional Alox genes and the encoded enzymes share a high degree of amino acid conservation with their human orthologs. There are, however, functional differences between mouse and human ALOX orthologs. Human ALOX15B oxygenates arachidonic acid exclusively to its 15-hydroperoxy derivative (15S-HpETE), whereas 8S-HpETE is dominantly formed by mouse Alox15b. The structural basis for this functional difference has been explored and in vitro mutagenesis humanized the reaction specificity of the mouse enzyme. To explore whether this mutagenesis strategy may also humanize the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b in vivo, we created Alox15b knock-in mice expressing the arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenating Tyr603Asp+His604Val double mutant instead of the 8-lipoxygenating wildtype enzyme. These mice are fertile, display slightly modified plasma oxylipidomes and develop normally up to an age of 24 weeks. At later developmental stages, male Alox15b-KI mice gain significantly less body weight than outbred wildtype controls, but this effect was not observed for female individuals. To explore the possible reasons for the observed gender-specific growth arrest, we determined the basic hematological parameters and found that aged male Alox15b-KI mice exhibited significantly attenuated red blood cell parameters (erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin). Here again, these differences were not observed in female individuals. These data suggest that humanization of the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b impairs the functionality of the hematopoietic system in males, which is paralleled by a premature growth arrest.
KW  - eicosanoids
KW  - lipid peroxidation
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - polyenoic fatty acids
KW  - erythropoiesis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061379
SN  - 2227-9059
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - Badetko, Dominik
A1  - Czarnecki, Maciej
A1  - Wichterich, Lukas
A1  - Schmidt, Peter
A1  - Brudy, Cosima
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
T1  - Studies toward the total synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignans via a Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction
JF  - The journal of organic chemistry
N2  - An efficient method for the preparation of arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) was developed, which is based on thePhoto-Dehydro-DIELS-ALDER(PDDA) reaction. While intermolecular PDDA reactions turned out to be inefficient, theintramolecular variant using suberic acid as tether linking two aryl propiolic esters smoothly provided naphthalenophanes. Theirradiations were performed with a previously developed annular continuous-flow reactor and UVB lamps. In this way, the naturalproducts Alashinol D, Taiwanin C, and an unnamed ANL could be prepared.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c00195
SN  - 0022-3263
SN  - 1520-6904
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
SP  - 5904
EP  - 5915
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rudolph, Pascal
T1  - Rezension zu: Auslander, Philip: In concert: performing musical persona. - Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021. - ISBN: 978-0-472-05471-8
JF  - Popular Music
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261143022000228
SN  - 0261-1430
SN  - 1474-0095
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 122
EP  - 124
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Dennis
A1  - Lever, Fabiano
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Data analysis procedures for time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a SASE free-electron-laser
JF  - Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics
N2  - The random nature of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is a well-known challenge for x-ray core level spectroscopy at SASE free-electron lasers (FELs). Especially in time-resolved experiments that require a combination of good temporal and spectral resolution the jitter and drifts in the spectral characteristics, relative arrival time as well as power fluctuations can smear out spectral-temporal features. We present a combination of methods for the analysis of time-resolved photoelectron spectra based on power and time corrections as well as self-referencing of a strong photoelectron line. Based on sulfur 2p photoelectron spectra of 2-thiouracil taken at the SASE FEL FLASH2, we show that it is possible to correct for some of the photon energy drift and jitter even when reliable shot-to-shot photon energy data is not available. The quality of pump-probe difference spectra improves as random jumps in energy between delay points reduce significantly. The data analysis allows to identify coherent oscillations of 1 eV shift on the mean photoelectron line of 4 eV width with an error of less than 0.1 eV.
KW  - free-electron laser
KW  - photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - FLASH
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac3c91
SN  - 0953-4075
SN  - 1361-6455
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
PB  - IOP Publ.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
ED  - Schenck, Marcia C.
ED  - Njung, George N.
T1  - Rethinking Refuge: Processes of Refuge Seeking in Africa
BT  - An Introduction
JF  - Africa Today
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 1527-1978
SN  - 0001-9887
VL  - 69
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Indiana University Press
CY  - Bloomington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Simply too much
BT  - The extent to which weight bias internalization results in a higher risk of eating disorders and psychosocial problems
JF  - Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity
N2  - Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.
KW  - Weight bias internalization
KW  - Self-stigmatization
KW  - Children
KW  - ROC
KW  - Mental
KW  - health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z
SN  - 1590-1262
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 317
EP  - 324
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zöller, Gert
T1  - A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field
JF  - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA
N2  - Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210307
SN  - 0037-1106
SN  - 1943-3573
VL  - 112
IS  - 4
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1831
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - El Cerito, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raju, Rajarshi Roy
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
T1  - Pickering Janus emulsions stabilized with gold nanoparticles
JF  - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society
N2  - We report a modified approach to the batch scale preparation of completely engulfed core-shell emulsions or partially engulfed Janus emulsions with colorful optical properties, containing water, olive oil, and silicone oil. The in situ reduction of gold chloride, forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the olive oil interface in the absence or presence of chitosan, leads to the formation of compartmentalized olive-silicone oil emulsion droplets in water. In the absence of additional reducing components, time-dependent morphological transformations from partial engulfment to complete engulfment were observed. Similar experiments in the presence of chitosan or presynthesized AuNPs show an opposite time-dependent trend of transformation of core-shell structures into partially engulfed ones. This behavior can be understood by a time-dependent rearrangement of the AuNPs at the interface and changes of the interfacial tension. The Pickering effect of AuNPs at oil-water and oil-oil interfaces brings not only color effects to individual microdroplets, which are of special relevance for the preparation of new optical elements, but also a surprising self-assembly of droplets.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02256
SN  - 0743-7463
SN  - 1520-5827
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 155
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermanns, Jolanda
A1  - Keller, David
T1  - The development, use, and evaluation of digital games and quizzes in an introductory course on organic chemistry for preservice chemistry teachers
JF  - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society
N2  - Due to the COVID pandemic, the introductory course on organic chemistry was developed and conducted as anonline course. To ensure methodical variety in this course,educational games and quizzes have been developed, used, and evaluated. The attendance of the course, and therefore also the use of the quizzes and games, was voluntary. The quizzes'main goalwas to give the students the opportunity to check whether they had memorized the knowledge needed in the course. Another goal was to make transparent which knowledge the students shouldmemorize by rote. The evaluation shows that the students hadnot internalized all knowledge which they should apply in severaltasks on organic chemistry. They answered multiselect questions in general less well than single-select questions. The games shouldcombine fun with learning. The evaluation of the games shows that the students rated them very well. The students used thosegames again for their exam preparation, as the monitoring of accessing the games showed. Students'experiences with usingelectronic devices in general or for quizzes and games have also been evaluated, because their experience could influence thestudents'assessment of the quizzes and games used in our study. However, the students used electronic devices regularly and shouldtherefore be technically competent to use our quizzes and games. The evaluation showed that the use of digital games for learningpurposes is not very common, neither at school nor at university, although the students had worked with such tools before. Thestudents are also very interested in using and developing such digital games not only for their own study, but also for their future work at school
KW  - Organic Chemistry
KW  - Second-Year Undergraduate
KW  - Humor
KW  - Puzzles
KW  - Games;
KW  - Internet
KW  - Web-Based Learning
KW  - Distance Learning
KW  - Self Instruction
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00058
SN  - 0021-9584
SN  - 1938-1328
VL  - 99
IS  - 4
SP  - 1715
EP  - 1724
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prüfert, Christian
A1  - Villatoro Leal, José Andrés
A1  - Zühlke, Martin
A1  - Beitz, Toralf
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
T1  - Liquid phase IR-MALDI and differential mobility analysis of nano- and sub-micron particles
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2  - Infrared matrix-assisted desorption and ionization (IR-MALDI) enables the transfer of sub-micron particles (sMP) directly from suspensions into the gas phase and their characterization with differential mobility (DM) analysis. A nanosecond laser pulse at 2940 nm induces a phase explosion of the aqueous phase, dispersing the sample into nano- and microdroplets. The particles are ejected from the aqueous phase and become charged. Using IR-MALDI on sMP of up to 500 nm in diameter made it possible to surpass the 100 nm size barrier often encountered when using nano-electrospray for ionizing supramolecular structures. Thus, the charge distribution produced by IR-MALDI could be characterized systematically in the 50-500 nm size range. Well-resolved signals for up to octuply charged particles were obtained in both polarities for different particle sizes, materials, and surface modifications spanning over four orders of magnitude in concentrations. The physicochemical characterization of the IR-MALDI process was done via a detailed analysis of the charge distribution of the emerging particles, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The Wiedensohler charge distribution, which describes the evolution of particle charging events in the gas phase, and a Poisson-derived charge distribution, which describes the evolution of charging events in the liquid phase, were compared with one another with respect to how well they describe the experimental data. Although deviations were found in both models, the IR-MALDI charging process seems to resemble a Poisson-like charge distribution mechanism, rather than a bipolar gas phase charging one.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04196g
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 2275
EP  - 2286
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Li, Shaoyang
A1  - Socquet, Anne
A1  - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1  - Brill, Dominik
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agne, Stefanie
A1  - Preick, Michaela
A1  - Straube, Nicolas
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - Simultaneous Barcode Sequencing of Diverse Museum Collection Specimens Using a Mixed RNA Bait Set
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - A growing number of publications presenting results from sequencing natural history collection specimens reflect the importance of DNA sequence information from such samples. Ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods in combination with target gene capture are a way of unlocking archival DNA, including from formalin-fixed wet-collection material. Here we report on an experiment, in which we used an RNA bait set containing baits from a wide taxonomic range of species for DNA hybridisation capture of nuclear and mitochondrial targets for analysing natural history collection specimens. The bait set used consists of 2,492 mitochondrial and 530 nuclear RNA baits and comprises specific barcode loci of diverse animal groups including both invertebrates and vertebrates. The baits allowed to capture DNA sequence information of target barcode loci from 84% of the 37 samples tested, with nuclear markers being captured more frequently and consensus sequences of these being more complete compared to mitochondrial markers. Samples from dry material had a higher rate of success than wet-collection specimens, although target sequence information could be captured from 50% of formalin-fixed samples. Our study illustrates how efforts to obtain barcode sequence information from natural history collection specimens may be combined and are a way of implementing barcoding inventories of scientific collection material.
KW  - target capture
KW  - type specimens
KW  - molecular species identification
KW  - museum specimens
KW  - cross-species capture
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.909846
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sarabadani, Jalal
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Ala-Nissila, Tapio
T1  - Driven polymer translocation into a channel: Isoflux tension propagation theory and Langevin dynamics simulations
JF  - Physical Review Research
N2  - Isoflux tension propagation (IFTP) theory and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations are employed to study the dynamics of channel-driven polymer translocation in which a polymer translocates into a narrow channel and the monomers in the channel experience a driving force fc. In the high driving force limit, regardless of the channel width, IFTP theory predicts τ ∝ f βc for the translocation time, where β = −1 is the force scaling exponent. Moreover, LD data show that for a very narrow channel fitting only a single file of monomers, the entropic force due to the subchain inside the channel does not play a significant role in the translocation dynamics and the force exponent β = −1 regardless of the force magnitude. As the channel width increases the number of possible spatial configurations of the subchain inside the channel becomes significant and the resulting entropic force causes the force exponent to drop below unity.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033003
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
SP  - 033003-1
EP  - 033003-14
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park, Maryland, USA
ET  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smirnov, Lev A.
A1  - Bolotov, Maxim
A1  - Bolotov, Dmitri
A1  - Osipov, Grigory V.
A1  - Pikovsky, Arkady
T1  - Finite-density-induced motility and turbulence of chimera solitons
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - We consider a one-dimensional oscillatory medium with a coupling through a diffusive linear field. In the limit of fast diffusion this setup reduces to the classical Kuramoto–Battogtokh model. We demonstrate that for a finite diffusion stable chimera solitons, namely localized synchronous domain in an infinite asynchronous environment, are possible. The solitons are stable also for finite density of oscillators, but in this case they sway with a nearly constant speed. This finite-density-induced motility disappears in the continuum limit, as the velocity of the solitons is inverse proportional to the density. A long-wave instability of the homogeneous asynchronous state causes soliton turbulence, which appears as a sequence of soliton mergings and creations. As the instability of the asynchronous state becomes stronger, this turbulence develops into a spatio-temporal intermittency.
KW  - chimera
KW  - soliton
KW  - finite-size effects
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac63d9
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
PB  - IOP
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brennecke, Julia
A1  - Ertug, Gokhan
A1  - Kovács, Balázs
A1  - Zou, Tengjian
T1  - What does homophily do?
BT  - a review of the consequences of homophily
JF  - Academy of Management Annals
N2  - Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As these consequences have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues and opportunities for future research at each level, and conclude with a discussion of broader future research directions, both empirical and conceptual, that apply across levels. We hope that our review will open new vistas in research on this important topic.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0230
SN  - 1941-6520
SN  - 1941-6067
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
EP  - 69
PB  - Erlbaum
CY  - Mahwah
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maaß, Ulrike
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Lorenz, Anna
A1  - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Live supervision in psychotherapy training
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Training and education in professional psychology
N2  - There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59%), were categorized as nonempirical (55%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35%), and displayed positive views on LS (87%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78% of all comparisons, but only in 13% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed. <br /> Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed.
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - feedback
KW  - bug-in-the-eye
KW  - training
KW  - therapist competence
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000390
SN  - 1931-3918
SN  - 1931-3926
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 130
EP  - 142
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adamik, Verena
T1  - Alien Horrors
BT  - lovecraft and the racialized underclass in the age of trump
JF  - The Aliens Within : danger, disease, and displacement in representations of the racialized poor
N2  - H. P. Lovecraft’s oeuvre abounds with stereotypes of the racialized poor. As scholars have noted, Lovecraft’s work turns those he viewed as ‘Others’ into ‘aliens.’ Poor people of color (as opposed to the orderly White rural population and White working class) in Lovecraft’s stories are foreign, diseased, and criminal, and they threaten social and cosmic orders as they are in league with a nebulous entity that waits to wreak indescribable havoc. This chapter analyzes three ‘Lovecraftian’ novels published in 2016 - Cassandra Khaw’s Hammers on Bone,Victor LaValle’s The Ballad of Black Tom, and Matt Ruff’s Lovecraft Country. These works elucidate the connection of Trump’s 2016 rhetoric in campaign and presidential speeches and the White supremacist imagery used by Lovecraft. In these novels, the racialized poor have a special connection to an astronomical, evil entity à la Lovecraft. As carriers of numinous genes or parasitic entities (literally having ‘an alien within’) they become empowered. They thus occupy a pivotal position in forestalling or bringing about the destruction of societal order; that is, of White supremacy. Exploring the alleged risk posed by this ‘underclass,’ these works seem to foretell current representations of protesters as ‘riotous mobs’ that threaten the body politic Trump sought to make great (and White) again.
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-11-078974-4
SN  - 978-3-11-078984-3
SN  - 978-3-11-078979-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110789799-006
SN  - 0340-5435
SP  - 113
EP  - 131
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrend, Nicole
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)
JF  - Body image : an international journal of research
N2  - The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
KW  - BAS-2
KW  - Body appreciation
KW  - Positive body image
KW  - Validation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020
SN  - 1740-1445
SN  - 1873-6807
VL  - 41
SP  - 216
EP  - 224
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -