TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Marco F.
A1  - Korb, Oliver
A1  - Abell, Chris
T1  - Antagonists of the miRNA-Argonaute 2 Protein Complex
BT  - Anti-miR-AGOs
JF  - Drug Target miRNA: Methods and Protocols
N2  - microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as high-value drug targets. A widely applied strategy in miRNA inhibition is the use of antisense agents. However, it has been shown that oligonucleotides are poorly cell permeable because of their complex chemical structure and due to their negatively charged backbone. Consequently, the general application of oligonucleotides in therapy is limited. Since miRNAs’ functions are executed exclusively by the Argonaute 2 protein, we therefore describe a protocol for the design of a novel miRNA inhibitor class: antagonists of the miRNA-Argonaute 2 protein complex, so-called anti-miR-AGOs, that not only block the crucial binding site of the target miRNA but also bind to the protein’s active site. Due to their lower molecular weight and, thus, more drug-like chemical structure, the novel inhibitor class may show better pharmacokinetic properties than reported oligonucleotide inhibitors, enabling them for potential therapeutic use.
KW  - Drug design
KW  - microRNA
KW  - miRNA-Argonaute 2 protein complex
KW  - miRNA inhibitors
KW  - miRNA seed region
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-1-4939-6563-2
SN  - 978-1-4939-6561-8
SN  - 978-1-4939-8236-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6563-2_17
SN  - 1064-3745
SN  - 1940-6029
VL  - 1517
SP  - 239
EP  - 249
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Yangyang
A1  - Würtz-Kozak, Karin
A1  - Kühl, Linn Kristina
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Extracellular vesicles
BT  - Potential mediators of psychosocial stress contribution to osteoporosis?
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and damage to the bone tissue’s microarchitecture, leading to increased fracture risk. Several studies have provided evidence for associations between psychosocial stress and osteoporosis through various pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and other endocrine factors. As psychosocial stress provokes oxidative cellular stress with consequences for mitochondrial function and cell signaling (e.g., gene expression, inflammation), it is of interest whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be a relevant biomarker in this context or act by transporting substances. EVs are intercellular communicators, transfer substances encapsulated in them, modify the phenotype and function of target cells, mediate cell-cell communication, and, therefore, have critical applications in disease progression and clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the characteristics of EVs, their role in stress and osteoporosis, and their benefit as biological markers. We demonstrate that EVs are potential mediators of psychosocial stress and osteoporosis and may be beneficial in innovative research settings.
KW  - allostatic load
KW  - bone remodeling
KW  - microRNA
KW  - osteoblast
KW  - osteoclast
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115846
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 22
IS  - 11
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  -