TY - JOUR A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence JF - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals N2 - Individual differences in justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity have been linked to differences in aggressive behavior in adults. However, there is little research studying this association in children and adolescents and considering the two constructs in combination. We assessed justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective as well as anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and linked both constructs to different forms (physical, relational), and functions (proactive, reactive) of self-reported aggression and to teacher- and parent-rated aggression in N=1,489 9- to 19-year olds in Germany. Victim sensitivity and both angry and anxious rejection sensitivity showed positive correlations with all forms and functions of aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity also correlated positively with teacher-rated aggression. Perpetrator sensitivity was negatively correlated with all aggression measures, and observer sensitivity also correlated negatively with all aggression measures except for a positive correlation with reactive aggression. Path models considering the sensitivity facets in combination and controlling for age and gender showed that higher victim justice sensitivity predicted higher aggression on all measures. Higher perpetrator sensitivity predicted lower physical, relational, proactive, and reactive aggression. Higher observer sensitivity predicted lower teacher-rated aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity predicted higher proactive and reactive aggression, whereas anxious rejection sensitivity did not make an additional contribution to the prediction of aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of social information processing models of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 41:353-368, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KW - proactive aggression KW - reactive aggression KW - relational aggression KW - justice sensitivity KW - rejection sensitivity Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21556 SN - 0096-140X SN - 1098-2337 VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 368 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - The Girls Set the Tone: Gendered Classroom Norms and the Development of Aggression in Adolescence JF - Personality and social psychology bulletin N2 - In a four-wave longitudinal study with N = 1,321 adolescents in Germany, we examined the impact of class-level normative beliefs about aggression on aggressive norms and behavior at the individual level over the course of 3 years. At each data wave, participants indicated their normative acceptance of aggressive behavior and provided self-reports of physical and relational aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed significant cross-level interactions between class-level and individual-level normative beliefs at T1 on individual differences in physical aggression at T2, and the indirect interactive effects were significant up to T4. Normative approval of aggression at the class level, especially girls' normative beliefs, defined the boundary conditions for the expression of individual differences in aggressive norms and their impact on physically and relationally aggressive behavior for both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the moderating effect of social norms on the pathways from individual normative beliefs to aggressive behavior in adolescence. KW - aggression KW - normative beliefs KW - adolescence KW - class-level effects KW - multilevel modelling Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215573212 SN - 0146-1672 SN - 1552-7433 VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 659 EP - 676 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - The girls set the tone BT - gendered classroom norms and the development of aggression in adolescence T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In a four-wave longitudinal study with N = 1,321 adolescents in Germany, we examined the impact of class-level normative beliefs about aggression on aggressive norms and behavior at the individual level over the course of 3 years. At each data wave, participants indicated their normative acceptance of aggressive behavior and provided self-reports of physical and relational aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed significant cross-level interactions between class-level and individual-level normative beliefs at T1 on individual differences in physical aggression at T2, and the indirect interactive effects were significant up to T4. Normative approval of aggression at the class level, especially girls’ normative beliefs, defined the boundary conditions for the expression of individual differences in aggressive norms and their impact on physically and relationally aggressive behavior for both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the moderating effect of social norms on the pathways from individual normative beliefs to aggressive behavior in adolescence. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 401 KW - aggression KW - normative beliefs KW - adolescence KW - class-level effects KW - multilevel modelling Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404831 IS - 401 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirsch, Fabian A1 - Rohlf, Helena L. A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Measuring anger regulation in middle childhood through behavioural observation: a longitudinal validation JF - European journal of developmental psychology N2 - Learning to regulate anger is an important task in childhood development, as maladaptive anger regulation has been linked to a variety of problems, including aggression and social rejection. To assess anger regulation in situ, in a previous study we developed a behavioural observation measure and demonstrated its cross-sectional construct and criterion validity in a sample of 599 children with a mean age of 8.1years. The present study further validated the measure by demonstrating its predictive validity. About 10months after the behavioural observation, participants were asked to imagine two anger-eliciting situations and report what they would do to get rid of their anger. Observed anger regulation strategies at T1 correlated significantly with self-reported regulatory behaviour at T2, suggesting that the behavioural observation measure is an ecologically valid approach for assessing anger regulation in middle childhood. KW - Anger regulation KW - observation KW - childhood KW - validation KW - longitudinal study Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2015.1101375 SN - 1740-5629 SN - 1740-5610 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 718 EP - 727 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Berger, Anja A1 - Vanwesenbeeck, Ine A1 - Bianchi, Gabriel A1 - Chliaoutakis, Joannes A1 - Fernandez-Fuertes, Andres A. A1 - Fuertes, Antonio A1 - de Matos, Margarida Gaspar A1 - Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni A1 - Haller, Birgitt A1 - Hellemans, Sabine A1 - Izdebski, Zbigniew A1 - Kouta, Christiana A1 - Meijnckens, Dwayne A1 - Murauskiene, Liubove A1 - Papadakaki, Maria A1 - Ramiro, Lucia A1 - Reis, Marta A1 - Symons, Katrien A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Vicario-Molina, Isabel A1 - Zygadlo, Andrzej T1 - Prevalence and correlates of young people's sexual aggression perpetration and victimisation in 10 European countries: a multi-level analysis JF - Culture, health & sexuality : a journal for research, intervention and care N2 - Data are presented on young people's sexual victimisation and perpetration from 10 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain) using a shared measurement tool (N = 3480 participants, aged between 18 and 27 years). Between 19.7 and 52.2% of female and between 10.1 and 55.8% of male respondents reported having experienced at least one incident of sexual victimisation since the age of consent. In two countries, victimisation rates were significantly higher for men than for women. Between 5.5 and 48.7% of male and 2.6 and 14.8% of female participants reported having engaged in a least one act of sexual aggression perpetration, with higher rates for men than for women in all countries. Victimisation rates correlated negatively with sexual assertiveness and positively with alcohol use in sexual encounters. Perpetration rates correlated positively with attitudes condoning physical dating violence and with alcohol use in men, and negatively with sexual assertiveness in women. At the country level, lower gender equality in economic power and in the work domain was related to higher male perpetration rates. Lower gender equality in political power and higher sexual assertiveness in women relative to men were linked to higher male victimisation rates. KW - young people KW - sexual aggression KW - multi-level correlates KW - European Union KW - sexual victimisation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.989265 SN - 1369-1058 SN - 1464-5351 VL - 17 IS - 6 SP - 682 EP - 699 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Höse, Anna A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study JF - Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence N2 - This longitudinal study examined the links between child aggression and parenting stress over 4years. Child aggression was hypothesized to contribute to parenting stress, which should increase aggression. Parents and teachers of 239 German children aged between 6 and 15years completed measures of child aggression at Time 1 and Time 3, complemented by children's self-reports of aggression at Time 3. Parents rated their child-focused and parent-focused stress at an intermediate measurement Time 2. Child-focused stress mediated the path from Time 1 to Time 3 aggression in boys and girls, whereas parent-focused stress was unrelated to Time 3 aggression. The findings help to understand the continuity of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence and highlight the need to intervene early with families susceptible to parenting stress. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12115 SN - 1050-8392 SN - 1532-7795 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 328 EP - 339 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Busching, Robert T1 - Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Media Violence Use and Aggression: A Test of Intervention Effects Over 30 Months JF - Psychology of violence N2 - Objective: This study examined the sustained efficacy of a media violence intervention in reducing media violence use, normative acceptance of aggression, and aggressive behavior in adolescents. It used an experimental design to evaluate the effects of the intervention over a period of 30 months. Method: N = 627 German 7th and 8th graders were assigned to a 5-week school-based intervention to reduce media violence use or to a no-intervention control group. Media violence use, normative acceptance of aggression, and aggressive behavior were measured 3 months before the intervention (T1), 7 months post intervention (T2), and at 2 follow-ups 18 (T3) and 30 (T4) months after the intervention. This article focuses on the findings from the 2 follow-ups. Results: Controlling for baseline levels and various demographic covariates, media violence use at T2, T3, and T4 and self-reported physical aggression at T3 were significantly lower in the intervention group, and the indirect path from the intervention to T3 aggression via T2 media violence use was significant. Lower T2 media violence use predicted lower T3 normative acceptance of aggression among participants with lower initial aggression. No effects on nonviolent media use and relational aggression were observed. Conclusion: The findings show that a short class-based intervention can produce lasting changes in media violence use that are linked to a decrease in aggression. KW - aggression KW - experimental evaluation KW - intervention KW - longitudinal study KW - media violence Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036627 SN - 2152-0828 SN - 2152-081X VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 217 EP - 226 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohlf, Helena L. A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood: development and validation of a behavioral observation measure JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6-10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection. KW - anger regulation KW - middle childhood KW - behavioral observation KW - aggression KW - social rejection Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00453 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohlf, Helena L. A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood BT - development and validation of a behavioral observation measure T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6-10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 407 KW - anger regulation KW - middle childhood KW - behavioral observation KW - aggression KW - social rejection Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406241 IS - 407 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404807 IS - 399 ER -