TY - RPRT A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - Studiengebühren BT - Chancen und Risiken einer Reform der Hochschulfinanzierung N2 - Inhalt: Grundsystematik und Kostenkomponenten der Hochschulbildung -Grundstruktur der Hochschulbildung -Kostenkomponenten eines Hochschulstudiums Status Quo der Finanzierung der Hochschulbildung in Deutschland Das Pro und Kontra der Gebührenlösung Alternative Finanzierungsmodelle -Voll- oder Teilkostenfinanzierung -Staatliche und private Finanzierungsanteile -Pauschale oder differenzierte Kostenanlastung -Vor- oder nachgelagerte Studienfinanzierung: private Kreditfinanzierungsprogramme, staatliche Kreditfinanzierungsprogramme, nachgelagerte Finanzierungssysteme im Ausland Sind Änderungen in der Finanzierung notwendig und gerechtfertigt? T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 51 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9078 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - Konsumorientierte Besteuerung als Ansatz effizienter Besteuerung BT - Vortrag zum 27. Universitätsseminar "Dialog Wissenschaft und Praxis", Schloss Gracht, Erfstadt-Liblar, 3. bis 5. Juni 2005 N2 - Inhalt: Effizienz und Leistungsfähigkeit in lebenszeitlicher Perspektive -Zum Zusammenhang von Einkommen, Konsum, Ersparnis und Vermögen -Bemessungsgrundlagen der direkten Besteuerung -Lawinenwirkungen der traditionellen synthetischen Einkommensteuer -Kumulationswirkungen einer Mehrfachbelastung des Kapitaleinkommens Die Einfachsteuer als konsumorientierte Einkommensteuer Auswirkungen auf der Haushaltsebene Auswirkungen auf der Unternehmensebene T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 50 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9064 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Eberhardt, Björn T1 - Public pensions in the U.S. BT - fitting social security for the future N2 - Contents: The Public Old Age Insurance of the U.S. -Historical overview -Technical details -Individual equity and social adequacy The Economic Problem of Old Age -Risks and economic security -Old age, retirement, and idividual precaution -Insurance markets, market failures, and social insurance -Options for public pension systems The Problems of Social Security -The financial balance of OASDI -Causes of the long-run problems -Rates of return -Conclusion - The case for Social Security reform Proposed Remedies -Full, partial, or no privatization? -The President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security -Kotlikoff's Personal Security System -The Diamond-Orszag Three-Part plan T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 49 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9058 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Drechsler, Denis T1 - Unemployment in Germany and the Eurosclerosis debate BT - Can the Hartz reforms induce higher employment? N2 - Many European countries have experienced a significant increase of unemployment in recent years. This paper reviews several theoretical models that try to explain this phenomenon. Predominantly, these models claim a link between the poor performance of European labor markets and the high level of market regulation. Commonly referred to as the Eurosclerosis debate, prominent approaches consider insider-outsider relationships, search-models, and the influence of hiring and firing costs on equilibrium employment. The paper presents empirical evidence of each model and studies the relevance of the identified rigidities as a determinant of high unemployment in Europe. Furthermore, a case study analyzes the unemployment problem in Germany and critically discusses new reform efforts. In particular this section analyzes whether the recently enacted Hartz reforms can induce higher employment. T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 48 Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9036 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Becker, Ralf E. T1 - Revisiting public investment BT - consumption equivalent public capital and the social discount rate N2 - The consumption equivalence method is the theoretical basis of public cost-benefit analysis. Consumption equivalence public capital prices are explicitly introduces in order to sufficiently care for the opportunity cost of public expenditure. This can solve the dispute about the social rate of discount within public cost-benefit analysis witch was generated on a criterion looking similar to the capital value formula, known as Lind’s approach. The social rate of discount is liberated from opportunity costs considerations and the discounting away of the effects for future welfare vanishes. The corresponding question whether one should accept a positive value of the pure rate of social time preference is an old issue. Its current state between the prescriptive and descriptive view can also be interpreted as a consequence of the oversimplification of standard cost– benefit analysis. But apart from an economic self-process the pure rate of social time preference is also defined as a business-as-usual value of social distance discounting. Hence, a political choice has to be made about this rate which is free in principal. T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 47 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9025 SN - 0948-7549 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Becker, Ralf E. T1 - General classification of social choice situations T2 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge N2 - An exhaustive and disjoint decomposition of social choice situations is derived in a general set theoretical framework using the new tools of the Lifted Pareto relation on the power set of social states representing a pre-choice comparison of choice option sets. The main result is the classification of social choice situations which include three types of social choice problems. First, we usually observe the common incompleteness of the Pareto relation. Second, a kind of non-compactness problem of a choice set of social states can be generated. Finally, both can be combined. The first problem root can be regarded as natural everyday dilemma of social choice theory whereas the second may probably be much more due to modeling technique implications. The distinction is enabled at a very general set theoretical level. Hence, the derived classification of social choice situations is applicable on almost every relevant economic model. T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 46 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9012 SN - 0948-7549 SN - 1864-1431 IS - 46 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - Systematic change instead of curing symptoms BT - coordinating social and private health insurance in Germany and beyond T2 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge N2 - Contents: Actors, Markets and Interest Groups in Health Services Private and Social Health Insurance in a Simple Model Misallocation and Malpractice in Social Health Care and Insurances -The UK Health Care System -The German Social Health Insurance System -Current Discussions: Intertemporal Perspective and Fundamental Change Interplay of Public and Private Health Insurance: Lessons for Countries in Transition Summary: The Necessary Steps to a Fundamental Reform T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 45 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9004 SN - 0948-7549 SN - 1864-1431 IS - 45 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - International experience with alternative forms of social protection : lessons for the reform process in Russia N2 - Contents: Targets, Means and Benefits of Social Protection Standard Risks and Possible Institutional Settings for Social Protection -Market Structure for Pension and Health Insurance -Systems of Social Protection and Security -Replacement Ratios and Income Taxation Social Protection in Selected European Countries: Germany, Austria, The Netherlands, United Kingdom -Pension System -Health System -Unemployment Insurance -Accident Insurance -Basic Security System -Taxation of Wages and Profits The Overall Burden of Taxes and Social Protection Expenses Necessary Reforms, Lessons for Russia and a Basic Approach for a Blueprint -Basic Features of the Reform Process -Reforms within the Branches of Social Protection -Integrated Tax and Transfer Reform -Empirical Evaluation of Tax and Transfer Reforms T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - Bd. 44 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8996 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - Vom Nehmen vor dem Geben : Ist der Staat als Wohltäter ein starker Staat? N2 - Inhalt: Wem wird genommen und wer gibt: der Bürger oder der Staat? Egoismus, Altruismus, Neid und gesellschaftlicher Wohlstand Gerechtigkeit und Wohlstand Demokratie: Kann die arme Mehrheit noch Ärmer werden und sind die Reichen wehrlos? Vom Nehmen bei der Kapitaleinkommensbesteuerung T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - Bd. 43 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8985 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Petersen, Hans-Georg T1 - Redistribution and the efficiency-justice trade-off N2 - Contents: Justice of Needs and Redistribution -The Basics of the Utility Theory -Social Welfare Functions and Redistribution -Utility Possibility Curves on Egoism, Altruism and Envy -Types of Social Welfare Functions The Trade-off Problem Concluding Remarks T3 - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - Bd. 42 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8977 ER -