TY - THES A1 - Philipp, Mareike T1 - Quantifier scope ambiguities in English, German, and Asante Twi (Akan): structural and pragmatic factors T1 - Quantorenskopusambiguitäten im Englischen, Deutschen, und Asante Twi (Akan): Strukturelle und Pragmatische Faktoren N2 - This thesis is concerned with the phenomenon of quantifier scope ambiguities. This phenomenon has been researched extensively, both from a theoretical and from an empirical point of view. Nevertheless, there are still a number of under-researched topics in the field of quantifier scope, which will be the main focus of this thesis. I will take a closer look at three languages, English, German, and the Asante Twi dialect of Akan (Kwa, Niger-Kongo). The goal is a better understanding of the phenomenon of quantifier scope both within each language, as well as from a cross-linguistic perspective. First, this thesis will provide a series of experiments that allow a direct cross-linguistic comparison between English and German – two languages about which specific claims have been made in the literature. I will also provide exploratory research in the case of Asante Twi, where so far, no work has been dedicated specifically to the study of quantifier scope. The work on Asante Twi will go beyond quantifier scope and also target the quantifier and determiner system in general. The question is not only if particular scope readings are possible or not, but also which factors contribute to an increase or decrease of scope availability, and if there are factors that block certain scope readings altogether. While some of the results confirm and thereby strengthen previous claims, other results contradict general assumptions in the literature. This is particularly the case for inverse readings in German and inverse readings across clause-boundaries. N2 - Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Phänomen Quantorenskopus und den daraus entstehenden Ambiguitäten. Dieses Phänomen wurde sowohl aus theoretischer als auch aus empirischer Sicht bereits umfangreich erforscht. Trotz alledem ist eine Reihe an Themenfeldern in diesem Bereich noch immer untererforscht, welche Hauptschwerpunkt dieser Arbeit sind. Konkret werden hier drei Sprachen genauer untersucht: Englisch, Deutsch und Asante Twi (Akan, Kwa, Niger-Kongo). Ziel ist ein besseres Verständnis von Skopusambiguitäten sowohl innerhalb dieser einzelnen Sprache als auch aus einer sprachübergreifenden Perspektive. Zum einen werden in dieser Arbeit eine Reihe von Experimenten präsentiert, die einen direkten sprachübergreifenden Vergleich zwischen Englisch und Deutsch ermöglichen – zwei Sprachen, über die in der Literatur konkrete Vorhersagen gemacht wurden. Darüberhinaus wird auch explorative Forschung im Fall von Asante Twi vorgestellt, wo dieses Phänomen bislang nicht speziell erforscht wurde. Die Arbeit zu Asante Twi wird über Skopusambiguitäten hinaus gehen und auch das Quantoren- und Determinierersystem im Allgemeinen betreffen. Die Fragestellung in diesem Buch ist nicht nur, ob bestimmte Skopus-Lesarten möglich sind oder nicht, sondern auch, welche Faktoren die Verfügbarkeit dieser Lesarten erhöhen oder reduzieren und ob es Faktoren gibt, die bestimmte Lesarten vollständig blockieren. Während einige vorherige Ergebnisse aus der Literatur repliziert werden und damit frühere Vorhersagen untermauern können, stellen andere der hier präsentierten Ergebnisse die bisherigen Annahmen in der Literatur in Frage. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Verfügbarkeit von inversen Lesarten im Deutschen sowie die Verfügbarkeit von inversen Lesarten im Kontext von Satzeinbettungen. KW - quantifiers KW - determiners KW - scope ambiguities KW - Quantoren KW - Determinierer KW - Skopusambiguitäten Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-612356 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Zimmermann, Malte A1 - Philipp, Mareike T1 - Assessing the availability of inverse scope in German in the covered box paradigm JF - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics N2 - This paper presents the results of a novel experimental approach to relative quantifier scope in German that elicits data in an indirect manner. Applying the covered-box method (Huang et al. 2013) to scope phenomena, we show that inverse scope is available to some extent in the free constituent order language German, thereby validating earlier findings on other syntactic configurations in German (Rado & Bott 2018) and empirical claims on other free constituent order languages (Japanese, Russian, Hindi), as well as recent corpus findings in Webelhuth (2020). Moreover, the results of the indirect covered-box experiment replicate findings from an earlier direct-query experiment with comparable target items, in which participants were asked directly about the availability of surface scope and inverse scope readings. The configuration of interest consisted of canonical transitive clauses with deaccented existential subject and universal object QPs, in which the restriction of the universal QP was controlled for by the context. KW - inverse scope KW - covered-box KW - free constituent order KW - German KW - experimental semantics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5766 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Open Library of Humanities CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Meß, Katharina A1 - Philipp, Mareike A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Only the right noise? BT - Effects of phonetic and visual input variability on 14-month-olds' minimal pair word learning T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Seminal work by Werker and colleagues (Stager & Werker [1997]Nature, 388, 381-382) has found that 14-month-old infants do not show evidence for learning minimal pairs in the habituation-switch paradigm. However, when multiple speakers produce the minimal pair in acoustically variable ways, infants' performance improves in comparison to a single speaker condition (Rost & McMurray [2009]Developmental Science, 12, 339-349). The current study further extends these results and assesses how different kinds of input variability affect 14-month-olds' minimal pair learning in the habituation-switch paradigm testing German learning infants. The first two experiments investigated word learning when the labels were spoken by a single speaker versus when the labels were spoken by multiple speakers. In the third experiment we studied whether non-acoustic variability, implemented by visual variability of the objects presented together with the labels, would also affect minimal pair learning. We found enhanced learning in the multiple speakers compared to the single speaker condition, confirming previous findings with English-learning infants. In contrast, visual variability of the presented objects did not support learning. These findings both confirm and better delimit the beneficial role of speech-specific variability in minimal pair learning. Finally, we review different proposals on the mechanisms via which variability confers benefits to learning and outline what may be likely principles that underlie this benefit. We highlight among these the multiplicity of acoustic cues signalling phonemic contrasts and the presence of relations among these cues. It is in these relations where we trace part of the source for the apparent paradoxical benefit of variability in learning. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 868 KW - acoustic variability KW - habituation-switch paradigm KW - infant word learning KW - minimal pairs KW - phonological development KW - visual variability Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516674 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Meß, Katharina A1 - Philipp, Mareike A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Only the right noise? BT - Effects of phonetic and visual input variability on 14-month-olds' minimal pair word learning JF - Developmental Science N2 - Seminal work by Werker and colleagues (Stager & Werker [1997]Nature, 388, 381-382) has found that 14-month-old infants do not show evidence for learning minimal pairs in the habituation-switch paradigm. However, when multiple speakers produce the minimal pair in acoustically variable ways, infants' performance improves in comparison to a single speaker condition (Rost & McMurray [2009]Developmental Science, 12, 339-349). The current study further extends these results and assesses how different kinds of input variability affect 14-month-olds' minimal pair learning in the habituation-switch paradigm testing German learning infants. The first two experiments investigated word learning when the labels were spoken by a single speaker versus when the labels were spoken by multiple speakers. In the third experiment we studied whether non-acoustic variability, implemented by visual variability of the objects presented together with the labels, would also affect minimal pair learning. We found enhanced learning in the multiple speakers compared to the single speaker condition, confirming previous findings with English-learning infants. In contrast, visual variability of the presented objects did not support learning. These findings both confirm and better delimit the beneficial role of speech-specific variability in minimal pair learning. Finally, we review different proposals on the mechanisms via which variability confers benefits to learning and outline what may be likely principles that underlie this benefit. We highlight among these the multiplicity of acoustic cues signalling phonemic contrasts and the presence of relations among these cues. It is in these relations where we trace part of the source for the apparent paradoxical benefit of variability in learning. KW - acoustic variability KW - habituation-switch paradigm KW - infant word learning KW - minimal pairs KW - phonological development KW - visual variability Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12950 SN - 1363-755X SN - 1467-7687 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER -