TY - GEN A1 - Jantzen, Friederike A1 - Wozniak, Natalia Joanna A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - A high‑throughput amplicon‑based method for estimating outcrossing rates T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The outcrossing rate is a key determinant of the population-genetic structure of species and their long-term evolutionary trajectories. However, determining the outcrossing rate using current methods based on PCRgenotyping individual offspring of focal plants for multiple polymorphic markers is laborious and time-consuming. Results: We have developed an amplicon-based, high-throughput enabled method for estimating the outcrossing rate and have applied this to an example of scented versus non-scented Capsella (Shepherd’s Purse) genotypes. Our results show that the method is able to robustly capture differences in outcrossing rates. They also highlight potential biases in the estimates resulting from differential haplotype sharing of the focal plants with the pollen-donor population at individual amplicons. Conclusions: This novel method for estimating outcrossing rates will allow determining this key population-genetic parameter with high-throughput across many genotypes in a population, enabling studies into the genetic determinants of successful pollinator attraction and outcrossing. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 745 KW - Outcrossing KW - Mixed mating KW - Outcrossing rate KW - Capsella KW - Amplicon sequencing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435657 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 745 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jantzen, Friederike A1 - Wozniak, Natalia Joanna A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - A high‑throughput amplicon‑based method for estimating outcrossing rates JF - Plant Methods N2 - Background: The outcrossing rate is a key determinant of the population-genetic structure of species and their long-term evolutionary trajectories. However, determining the outcrossing rate using current methods based on PCRgenotyping individual offspring of focal plants for multiple polymorphic markers is laborious and time-consuming. Results: We have developed an amplicon-based, high-throughput enabled method for estimating the outcrossing rate and have applied this to an example of scented versus non-scented Capsella (Shepherd’s Purse) genotypes. Our results show that the method is able to robustly capture differences in outcrossing rates. They also highlight potential biases in the estimates resulting from differential haplotype sharing of the focal plants with the pollen-donor population at individual amplicons. Conclusions: This novel method for estimating outcrossing rates will allow determining this key population-genetic parameter with high-throughput across many genotypes in a population, enabling studies into the genetic determinants of successful pollinator attraction and outcrossing. KW - Outcrossing KW - Mixed mating KW - Outcrossing rate KW - Capsella KW - Amplicon sequencing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-019-0433-9 SN - 1746-4811 VL - 15 IS - 47 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bollier, Norbert A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Leblond, Julie A1 - Latrasse, David A1 - Gonzalez, Nathalie A1 - Gevaudant, Frederic A1 - Benhamed, Moussa A1 - Raynaud, Cecile A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Chevalier, Christian A1 - Hernould, Michel A1 - Delmas, Frederic T1 - At-MINI ZINC FINGER2 and Sl-INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY, a Conserved Missing Link in the Regulation of Floral Meristem Termination in Arabidopsis and Tomato JF - The plant cell N2 - In angiosperms, the gynoecium is the last structure to develop within the flower due to the determinate fate of floral meristem (FM) stem cells. The maintenance of stem cell activity before its arrest at the stage called FM termination affects the number of carpels that develop. The necessary inhibition at this stage of WUSCHEL (WUS), which is responsible for stem cell maintenance, involves a two-step mechanism. Direct repression mediated by the MADS domain transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG), followed by indirect repression requiring the C2H2 zinc-finger protein KNUCKLES (KNU), allow for the complete termination of floral stem cell activity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana MINI ZINC FINGER2 (AtMIF2) and its homolog in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY (SlIMA), participate in the FM termination process by functioning as adaptor proteins. AtMIF2 and SlIMA recruit AtKNU and SlKNU, respectively, to form a transcriptional repressor complex together with TOPLESS and HISTONE DEACETYLASE19. AtMIF2 and SlIMA bind to the WUS and SIWUS loci in the respective plants, leading to their repression. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms governing (FM) termination and highlight the essential role of AtMIF2/SlIMA during this developmental step, which determines carpel number and therefore fruit size. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00653 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 100 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Capsella T2 - Current biology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.033 SN - 0960-9822 SN - 1879-0445 VL - 28 IS - 17 SP - R920 EP - R921 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Josephs, Emily B. A1 - Lee, Young Wha A1 - Marona, Cindy A1 - Stinchcombe, John R. A1 - Wright, Stephen I. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella JF - Nature Communications N2 - In the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model of genetic incompatibilities post-zygotic gene-flow barriers arise by fixation of novel alleles at interacting loci in separated populations. Many such incompatibilities are polymorphic in plants, implying an important role for genetic drift or balancing selection in their origin and evolution. Here we show that NPR1 and RPP5 loci cause a genetic incompatibility between the incipient species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella, and the more distantly related C. rubella and C. orientalis. The incompatible RPP5 allele results from a mutation in C. rubella, while the incompatible NPR1 allele is frequent in the ancestral C. grandiflora. Compatible and incompatible NPR1 haplotypes are maintained by balancing selection in C. grandiflora, and were divergently sorted into the derived C. rubella and C. orientalis. Thus, by maintaining differentiated alleles at high frequencies, balancing selection on ancestral polymorphisms can facilitate establishing gene-flow barriers between derived populations through lineage sorting of the alternative alleles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8960 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Josephs, Emily B. A1 - Wha Lee, Young A1 - Marona, Cindy A1 - Stinchcombe, John R. A1 - Wright, Stephen I. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella N2 - In the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model of genetic incompatibilities post-zygotic gene-flow barriers arise by fixation of novel alleles at interacting loci in separated populations. Many such incompatibilities are polymorphic in plants, implying an important role for genetic drift or balancing selection in their origin and evolution. Here we show that NPR1 and RPP5 loci cause a genetic incompatibility between the incipient species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella, and the more distantly related C. rubella and C. orientalis. The incompatible RPP5 allele results from a mutation in C. rubella, while the incompatible NPR1 allele is frequent in the ancestral C. grandiflora. Compatible and incompatible NPR1 haplotypes are maintained by balancing selection in C. grandiflora, and were divergently sorted into the derived C. rubella and C. orientalis. Thus, by maintaining differentiated alleles at high frequencies, balancing selection on ancestral polymorphisms can facilitate establishing gene-flow barriers between derived populations through lineage sorting of the alternative alleles. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 231 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93568 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Josephs, Emily B. A1 - Wha Lee, Young A1 - Marona, Cindy A1 - Stinchcombe, John R. A1 - Wright, Stephen I. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella JF - Nature Communications N2 - In the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model of genetic incompatibilities post-zygotic gene-flow barriers arise by fixation of novel alleles at interacting loci in separated populations. Many such incompatibilities are polymorphic in plants, implying an important role for genetic drift or balancing selection in their origin and evolution. Here we show that NPR1 and RPP5 loci cause a genetic incompatibility between the incipient species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella, and the more distantly related C. rubella and C. orientalis. The incompatible RPP5 allele results from a mutation in C. rubella, while the incompatible NPR1 allele is frequent in the ancestral C. grandiflora. Compatible and incompatible NPR1 haplotypes are maintained by balancing selection in C. grandiflora, and were divergently sorted into the derived C. rubella and C. orientalis. Thus, by maintaining differentiated alleles at high frequencies, balancing selection on ancestral polymorphisms can facilitate establishing gene-flow barriers between derived populations through lineage sorting of the alternative alleles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8960 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wozniak, Natalia Joanna A1 - Sicard, Adrien T1 - Evolvability of flower geometry BT - Convergence in pollinator-driven morphological evolution of flowers JF - Seminars in cell & developmental biology N2 - Flowers represent a key innovation during plant evolution. Driven by reproductive optimization, evolution of flower morphology has been central in boosting species diversification. In most cases, this has happened through specialized interactions with animal pollinators and subsequent reduction of gene flow between specialized morphs. While radiation has led to an enormous variability in flower forms and sizes, recurrent evolutionary patterns can be observed. Here, we discuss the targets of selection involved in major trends of pollinator-driven flower evolution. We review recent findings on their adaptive values, developmental grounds and genetic bases, in an attempt to better understand the repeated nature of pollinator-driven flower evolution. This analysis highlights how structural innovation can provide flexibility in phenotypic evolution, adaptation and speciation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Flower KW - Developmental evolution KW - Morphogenesis KW - Angiosperms KW - Co-evolution KW - Plant-pollinator interactions Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.028 SN - 1084-9521 VL - 79 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eldridge, Tilly A1 - Łangowski, Łukasz A1 - Stacey, Nicola A1 - Jantzen, Friederike A1 - Moubayidin, Laila A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Southam, Paul A1 - Kennaway, Richard A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Coen, Enrico S. A1 - Østergaard, Lars T1 - Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Fruits exhibit a vast array of different 3D shapes, from simple spheres and cylinders to more complex curved forms; however, the mechanism by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this diversity of forms is unclear. Here, we compare the growth patterns and orientations for two very different fruit shapes in the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis thaliana silique. We show, through a combination of clonal and morphological analyses, that the different shapes involve different patterns of anisotropic growth during three phases. These experimental data can be accounted for by a tissue level model in which specified growth rates vary in space and time and are oriented by a proximodistal polarity field. The resulting tissue conflicts lead to deformation of the tissue as it grows. The model allows us to identify tissue-specific and temporally specific activities required to obtain the individual shapes. One such activity may be provided by the valve-identity gene FRUITFULL, which we show through comparative mutant analysis to modulate fruit shape during post-fertilisation growth of both species. Simple modulations of the model presented here can also broadly account for the variety of shapes in other Brassicaceae species, thus providing a simplified framework for fruit development and shape diversity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 986 KW - Brassicaceae KW - Capsella KW - arabidopsis KW - fruit shape KW - modelling KW - anisotropic growth Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438041 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 986 SP - 3394 EP - 3406 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eldridge, Tilly A1 - Langowski, Lukasz A1 - Stacey, Nicola A1 - Jantzen, Friederike A1 - Moubayidin, Laila A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Southam, Paul A1 - Kennaway, Richard A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Coen, Enrico S. A1 - Ostergaard, Lars T1 - Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy JF - Development : Company of Biologists N2 - Fruits exhibit a vast array of different 3D shapes, from simple spheres and cylinders to more complex curved forms; however, the mechanism by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this diversity of forms is unclear. Here, we compare the growth patterns and orientations for two very different fruit shapes in the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis thaliana silique. We show, through a combination of clonal and morphological analyses, that the different shapes involve different patterns of anisotropic growth during three phases. These experimental data can be accounted for by a tissue level model in which specified growth rates vary in space and time and are oriented by a proximodistal polarity field. The resulting tissue conflicts lead to deformation of the tissue as it grows. The model allows us to identify tissue-specific and temporally specific activities required to obtain the individual shapes. One such activity may be provided by the valve-identity gene FRUITFULL, which we show through comparative mutant analysis to modulate fruit shape during post-fertilisation growth of both species. Simple modulations of the model presented here can also broadly account for the variety of shapes in other Brassicaceae species, thus providing a simplified framework for fruit development and shape diversity. KW - Brassicaceae KW - Capsella KW - Arabidopsis KW - Fruit shape KW - Modelling KW - Anisotropic growth Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.135327 SN - 0950-1991 SN - 1477-9129 VL - 143 SP - 3394 EP - 3406 PB - Company of Biologists Limited CY - Cambridge ER -