TY - JOUR A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Saeterbakken, Atle Hole T1 - Adaptations to Advanced Resistance Training Strategies in Youth and Adult Athletes JF - Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation KW - strength training KW - sportsmen KW - mechanisms KW - chronic effects KW - acute effects KW - applied physiology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888118 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khudair, Mohammed A1 - Marcuzzi, Anna A1 - Ng, Kwok A1 - Tempest, Gavin Daniel A1 - Bartoš, František A1 - Peric, Ratko A1 - Maier, Maximilian A1 - Beccia, Flavia A1 - Boccia, Stefania A1 - Brandes, Mirko A1 - Cardon, Greet A1 - Carlin, Angela A1 - Castagna, Carolina A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Chalkley, Anna A1 - Ciaccioni, Simone A1 - Cieślińska-Świder, Joanna A1 - Čingienė, Vilma A1 - Cortis, Cristina A1 - Corvino, Chiara A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. A1 - Di Baldassarre, Angela A1 - Di Credico, Andrea A1 - Drid, Patrik A1 - Tarazaga, Rosa Ma Fernández A1 - Gallè, Francesca A1 - Sánchez, Esther Garcia A1 - Gebremariam, Mekdes A1 - Ghinassi, Barbara A1 - Goudas, Marios A1 - Hayes, Grainne A1 - Honorio, Samuel A1 - Izzicupo, Pascal A1 - Jahre, Henriette A1 - Jelsma, Judith A1 - Juric, Petra A1 - Kolovelonis, Athanasios A1 - Kongsvold, Atle A1 - Kouidi, Evangelia A1 - Mansergh, Fiona A1 - Masanovic, Bojan A1 - Mekonnen, Teferi A1 - Mork, Paul Jarle A1 - Murphy, Marie A1 - O'Hara, Kelly A1 - Torun, Ayse Ozbil A1 - Palumbo, Federico A1 - Popovic, Stevo A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Puharic, Zrinka A1 - Ribeiro, José Carlos A1 - Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena A1 - Sandu, Petru A1 - Soric, Maroje A1 - Stavnsbo, Mette A1 - Syrmpas, Ioannis A1 - van der Ploeg, Hidde P. A1 - Van Hoye, Aurélie A1 - Vilela, Sofia A1 - Woods, Catherine A1 - Wunsch, Kathrin A1 - Caprinica, Laura A1 - MacDonncha, Ciaran A1 - Ling, Fiona Chun Man T1 - DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): modifiable determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years-a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis JF - BMJ open N2 - Introduction Physical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policymakers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB. Methods and analysis A search will be performed in MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) that investigate the effect of interventions on PAB/SB and longitudinal studies that investigate the associations between modifiable determinants and PAB/SB at multiple time points will be sought. Risk of bias assessments will be performed using adapted versions of Cochrane's RoB V.2.0 and ROBINS-I tools for RCTs and CTs, respectively, and an adapted version of the National Institute of Health's tool for longitudinal studies. Data will be synthesised narratively and, where possible, MAs will be performed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Modifiable determinants will be discussed considering the settings in which they were investigated and the PAB/SB measurement methods used. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is needed as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences where possible. The BESt will also be shared with policy makers within the DE-PASS consortium in the first instance. Systematic review registration CRD42021282874. KW - public health KW - health policy KW - community child health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059202 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 12 IS - 9 PB - BMJ Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Markov, Adrian A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Koch, Ulrike A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem T1 - Effect of flywheel versus traditional resistance training on change of direction performance in male athletes BT - a systematic review with meta-analysis JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH N2 - Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of flywheel resistance training (FRT) versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on change of direction (CoD) performance in male athletes. Methods: Five databases were screened up to December 2021. Results: Seven studies were included. The results indicated a significantly larger effect of FRT compared with TRT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64). A within-group comparison indicated a significant large effect of FRT on CoD performance (SMD = 1.63). For TRT, a significant moderate effect was observed (SMD = 0.62). FRT of <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a significant large effect (SMD = 1.33), whereas no significant effect was noted for >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a significant large effect of <= 12 FRT sessions (SMD = 1.83) was observed, with no effect of >12 sessions. Regarding TRT, no significant effects of any of the training factors were detected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT appears to be more effective than TRT in improving CoD performance in male athletes. Independently computed single training factor analyses for FRT indicated that <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a larger effect on CoD performance than >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a total of <= 12 FRT sessions induced a larger effect than >12 training sessions. Practitioners in sports, in which accelerative and decelerative actions occur in quick succession to change direction, should regularly implement FRT. KW - human physical conditioning KW - eccentric training KW - strength training KW - athletes KW - sports KW - muscle strength Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127061 SN - 1661-7827 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Kullmann, Niclas A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes JF - International journal of sports physiology and performance N2 - Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 x 5 repetitions at 49%-72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 x 5 repetitions at 50%-60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g= 1.6), and drop jump height (P = .02; g= 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes. KW - ballistic training KW - optimal load KW - monitoring KW - progression KW - ski jumping Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0074 SN - 1555-0265 SN - 1555-0273 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 541 EP - 548 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Gube, Martin A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Zenon, Alexandre A1 - Broscheid, Kim-Charline A1 - Schega, Lutz A1 - Husmann, Florian A1 - Weippert, Matthias T1 - Fatigue and human performance BT - an updated framework JF - Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise N2 - Fatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not included and the interdependence of the mechanisms driving performance fatigability and perceived fatigability were not comprehensively discussed. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to (1) update the fatigue framework suggested by Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) pertaining the taxonomy (i.e., cognitive performance fatigue and perceived cognitive fatigue were added) and important determinants that were not considered previously (e.g., effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation), (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor and cognitive tasks as well as their interdependence, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on these interactions. We propose to define motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue as a psychophysiological condition characterized by a decrease in motor or cognitive performance (i.e., motor or cognitive performance fatigue, respectively) and/or an increased perception of fatigue (i.e., perceived motor or cognitive fatigue). These dimensions are interdependent, hinge on different determinants, and depend on body homeostasis (e.g., wakefulness, core temperature) as well as several modulating factors (e.g., age, sex, diseases, characteristics of the motor or cognitive task). Consequently, there is no single factor primarily determining performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor or cognitive tasks. Instead, the relative weight of each determinant and their interaction are modulated by several factors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2 SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 31 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - EL-Ashker, Said A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Prieske, Olaf T1 - Maximal isokinetic elbow and knee flexor–extensor strength measures in combat sports athletes: the role of movement velocity and limb side JF - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation N2 - Background Maximal isokinetic strength ratios of joint flexors and extensors are important parameters to indicate the level of muscular balance at the joint. Further, in combat sports athletes, upper and lower limb muscle strength is affected by the type of sport. Thus, this study aimed to examine the differences in maximal isokinetic strength of the flexors and extensors and the corresponding flexor–extensor strength ratios of the elbows and knees in combat sports athletes. Method Forty male participants (age = 22.3 ± 2.5 years) from four different combat sports (amateur boxing, taekwondo, karate, and judo; n = 10 per sport) were tested for eccentric peak torque of the elbow/knee flexors (EF/KF) and concentric peak torque of the elbow/knee extensors (EE/KE) at three different angular velocities (60, 120, and 180°/s) on the dominant and non-dominant side using an isokinetic device. Results Analyses revealed significant, large-sized group × velocity × limb interactions for EF, EE, and EF–EE ratio, KF, KE, and KF–KE ratio (p ≤ 0.03; 0.91 ≤ d ≤ 1.75). Post-hoc analyses indicated that amateur boxers displayed the largest EE strength values on the non-dominant side at ≤ 120°/s and the dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.03; 1.21 ≤ d ≤ 1.59). The largest EF–EE strength ratios were observed on amateur boxers’ and judokas’ non-dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.04; 1.36 ≤ d ≤ 2.44). Further, we found lower KF–KE strength measures in karate (p < 0.04; 1.12 ≤ d ≤ 6.22) and judo athletes (p ≤ 0.03; 1.60 ≤ d ≤ 5.31) particularly on the non-dominant side. Conclusions The present findings indicated combat sport-specific differences in maximal isokinetic strength measures of EF, EE, KF, and KE particularly in favor of amateur boxers on the non-dominant side. KW - Dynamometry KW - Martial arts KW - Hamstring-quadriceps ratio KW - Eccentric muscle action KW - Injury Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00432-2 SN - 1758-2555 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saal, Christian A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Helm, Norman A1 - Warnke, Torsten A1 - Prieske, Olaf T1 - Network analysis of associations between anthropometry, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance in young canoe sprint athletes BT - The role of age and sex JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction Anthropometric and physical fitness data can predict sport-specific performance (e.g., canoe sprint race time) in young athletes. Of note, inter-item correlations (i.e., multicollinearity) may exist between tests assessing similar physical qualities. However, multicollinearity among tests may change across age and/or sex due to age-/sex-specific non-linear development of test performances. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing inter-item correlations between anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data as a function of age and sex in young canoe sprint athletes. Methods Anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data of 618 male and 297 female young canoe sprint athletes (discipline: male/female kayak, male canoe) were recorded during a national talent identification program between 1992 and 2019. For each discipline, a correlation matrix (i.e., network analysis) was calculated for age category (U13, U14, U15, U16) and sex including anthropometrics (e.g., standing body height, body mass), physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle power), and sport-specific performance (i.e., 250 and 2,000-m on-water canoe sprint time). Network plots were used to explore the correlation patterns by visual inspection. Further, trimmed means (mu(trimmed)) of inter-item Pearson's correlations coefficients were calculated for each discipline, age category, and sex. Effects of age and sex were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs. Results Visual inspection revealed consistent associations among anthropometric measures across age categories, irrespective of sex. Further, associations between physical fitness and sport-specific performance were lower with increasing age, particularly in males. In this sense, statistically significant differences for mu(trimmed) were observed in male canoeists (p < 0.01, xi = 0.36) and male kayakers (p < 0.01, xi = 0.38) with lower mu(trimmed) in older compared with younger athletes (i.e., >= U15). For female kayakers, no statistically significant effect of age on mu(trimmed) was observed (p = 0.34, xi = 0.14). Discussion Our study revealed that inter-item correlation patterns (i.e., multicollinearity) of anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance measures were lower in older (U15, U16) versus younger (U13, U14) male canoe sprint athletes but not in females. Thus, age and sex should be considered to identify predictors for sport-specific performance and design effective testing batteries for talent identification programs in canoe sprint athletes. KW - talent identification KW - youth sports [MeSH] KW - athletic performance KW - race KW - time KW - relationship KW - multicollinearity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.1038350 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 4 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saeterbakken, Atle H. A1 - Stien, Nicolay A1 - Andersen, Vidar A1 - Scott, Suzanne A1 - Cumming, Kristoffer T. A1 - Behm, David G. A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Prieske, Olaf T1 - The effects of trunk muscle training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - Sports medicine N2 - Background The role of trunk muscle training (TMT) for physical fitness (e.g., muscle power) and sport-specific performance measures (e.g., swimming time) in athletic populations has been extensively examined over the last decades. However, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of TMT on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes is lacking. Objective To aggregate the effects of TMT on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes and identify potential subject-related moderator variables (e.g., age, sex, expertise level) and training-related programming parameters (e.g., frequency, study length, session duration, and number of training sessions) for TMT effects. Data Sources A systematic literature search was conducted with PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, with no date restrictions, up to June 2021. Study Eligibility Criteria Only controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measures were included if they examined the effects of TMT on at least one measure of physical fitness (e.g., maximal muscle strength, change-of-direction speed (CODS)/agility, linear sprint speed) and sport-specific performance (e.g., throwing velocity, swimming time) in young or adult competitive athletes at a regional, national, or international level. The expertise level was classified as either elite (competing at national and/or international level) or regional (i.e., recreational and sub-elite). Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods The methodological quality of TMT studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs) between intervention and active control groups. Additionally, univariate sub-group analyses were independently computed for subject-related moderator variables and training-related programming parameters. Results Overall, 31 studies with 693 participants aged 11-37 years were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was 5 on the PEDro scale. In terms of physical fitness, there were significant, small-to-large effects of TMT on maximal muscle strength (SMD = 0.39), local muscular endurance (SMD = 1.29), lower limb muscle power (SMD = 0.30), linear sprint speed (SMD = 0.66), and CODS/agility (SMD = 0.70). Furthermore, a significant and moderate TMT effect was found for sport-specific performance (SMD = 0.64). Univariate sub-group analyses for subject-related moderator variables revealed significant effects of age on CODS/agility (p = 0.04), with significantly large effects for children (SMD = 1.53, p = 0.002). Further, there was a significant effect of number of training sessions on muscle power and linear sprint speed (p <= 0.03), with significant, small-to-large effects of TMT for > 18 sessions compared to <= 18 sessions (0.45 <= SMD <= 0.84, p <= 0.003). Additionally, session duration significantly modulated TMT effects on linear sprint speed, CODS/agility, and sport-specific performance (p <= 0.05). TMT with session durations <= 30 min resulted in significant, large effects on linear sprint speed and CODS/agility (1.66 <= SMD <= 2.42, p <= 0.002), whereas session durations > 30 min resulted in significant, large effects on sport-specific performance (SMD = 1.22, p = 0.008). Conclusions Our findings indicate that TMT is an effective means to improve selected measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes.
Independent sub-group analyses suggest that TMT has the potential to improve CODS/agility, but only in children. Additionally, more (> 18) and/or shorter duration (<= 30 min) TMT sessions appear to be more effective for improving lower limb muscle power, linear sprint speed, and CODS/agility in young or adult competitive athletes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01637-0 SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 52 IS - 7 SP - 1599 EP - 1622 PB - Springer CY - Northcote ER -