TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph-Mohr, Nicole A1 - Gottfried, Sebastian A1 - Lamshöft, Marc A1 - Zühlke, Sebastian A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric A1 - Spiteller, Michael T1 - Non-invasive imaging techniques to study O-2 micro-patterns around pesticide treated lupine roots JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - The soil root interface is a highly heterogeneous system, e.g. in terms of O-2 and pH distribution. The destructive character of conventional methods disturbs the natural conditions of those biogeochemical gradients. Therefore, experiments aiming to control these influences and study pesticide kinetics under given O-2 and pH conditions suffer from a large uncertainty of the "real" O-2/pH at a certain position. Our approach with two different imaging techniques will examine the soil-root interface as well as the dissipation of the applied pesticide at a high spatial resolution. The obtained outcomes show directly that the pH has an influence on enantioselective dissipation of the acetanilide fungicide metalaxyl. In areas with high pH from an applied racemic mixture, the R-enantiomer dissipates faster than the S-enantiomer. Moreover, we found significantly reduced oxygen values in the bulk soil and vicinity of metalaxyl treated roots compared to control plant roots. The combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) and fluorescence imaging indicated the oxygen-dependent behavior of metalaxyl at the root surface. The results presented here underline the great potential of combining different imaging methods to examine the soil-root interfaces as well as the dissipation of organic pollutants in small soil compartments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - MALDI imaging KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - pH KW - O-2 KW - Rhizosphere KW - Rac-metalaxyl Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.10.022 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 239 SP - 257 EP - 264 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Nicole A1 - Esser, Hanna G. A1 - Carminati, Andrea A1 - Moradi, Ahmad B. A1 - Hilger, Andre A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay A1 - Nagl, Stefan A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric T1 - Dynamic oxygen mapping in the root zone by fluorescence dye imaging combined with neutron radiography JF - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation N2 - The rooted zone of a soil, more precisely the rhizosphere, is a very dynamic system. Some of the key processes are water uptake and root respiration. We have developed a novel method for measuring the real-time distribution of water and oxygen concentration in the rhizosphere as a biogeochemical interface in soil. This enables understanding where and when roots are active in respect to root respiration and water uptake and how the soil responds to it. We used glass containers (15 x 15 x 1 cm), which were filled with a quartz sand mixture. Sensor foils for fluorescence dye imaging of O-2 were installed on the inner side of the containers. A lupine plant was grown in each container for 2 weeks under controlled conditions. Then we took time series of fluorescence images for time-lapsed visualization of oxygen depletion caused by root respiration. Changing water content was mapped in parallel by non-invasive neutron radiography, which yields water content distributions in high spatial resolution. Also it can detect the root system of the lupine plants. By this combined imaging of the samples, a range of water contents and different oxygen concentration levels, both induced by root activities, could be assessed. We monitored the dynamics of these vital parameters induced by roots during a period of several hours. We observed that for high water saturation, the oxygen concentration decreased in parts of the container. The accompanying neutron radiographies gave us the information that these locations are spatially correlated to roots. Therefore, it can be concluded that the observed oxygen deficits close to the roots result from root respiration and show up while re-aeration from atmosphere by gas phase transport is restricted by the high water saturation. Our coupled imaging setup was able to monitor the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of oxygen and water content in a night and day cycle. This reflects complex plant activities such as photosynthesis, transpiration, and metabolic activities impacting the root-soil interface. Our experimental setup provides the possibility to non-invasively visualize these parameters with high resolution. The particular oxygen imaging method as well as the combination with simultaneously mapping the water content by neutron radiography is a novelty. KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - Neutron radiography KW - Oxygen mapping KW - Rhizosphere KW - Root respiration KW - Water distribution Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0407-7 SN - 1439-0108 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 74 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Nicole A1 - Voss, Sebastian A1 - Moradi, Ahmad B. A1 - Nagl, Stefan A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric T1 - Spatio-temporal mapping of local soil pH changes induced by roots of lupin and soft-rush JF - Plant and soil N2 - The rhizosphere is a dynamic system strongly influenced by root activity. Roots modify the pH of their surrounding soil causing the soil pH to vary as a function of distance from root surface, location along root axes, and root maturity. Non-invasive imaging techniques provide the possibility to capture pH patterns around the roots as they develop. We developed a novel fluorescence imaging set up and applied to the root system of two lupin (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and one soft-rush (Juncus effusus L.) species. We grew plants in glass containers filled with soil and equipped with fluorescence sensor foils on the container side walls. We gained highly-resolved data on the spatial distribution of H+ around the roots by taking time-lapse images of the samples over the course of several days. We showed how the soil pH in the vicinity of roots developed over time to different values from that of the original bulk soil. The soil pH in the immediate vicinity of the root surface varied greatly along the root length, with the most acidic point being at 0.56-3.36 mm behind the root tip. Indications were also found for temporal soil pH changes due to root maturity. In conclusion, this study shows that this novel optical fluorescence imaging set up is a powerful tool for studying pH developments around roots in situ. KW - Acidification KW - Alkalization KW - Exudates KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - Optical sensors KW - pH mapping KW - Rhizosphere Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1775-0 SN - 0032-079X VL - 369 IS - 1-2 SP - 669 EP - 680 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jahn, Karolina A1 - Buschmann, Volker A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Simultaneous Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy in Living Cells N2 - In living cells, there are always a plethora of processes taking place at the same time. Their precise regulation is the basis of cellular functions, since small failures can lead to severe dysfunctions. For a comprehensive understanding of intracellular homeostasis, simultaneous multiparameter detection is a versatile tool for revealing the spatial and temporal interactions of intracellular parameters. Here, a recently developed time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) board was evaluated for simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM/PLIM). Therefore, the metabolic activity in insect salivary glands was investigated by recording ns-decaying intrinsic cellular fluorescence, mainly related to oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the μs-decaying phosphorescence of the oxygen-sensitive ruthenium-complex Kr341. Due to dopamine stimulation, the metabolic activity of salivary glands increased, causing a higher pericellular oxygen consumption and a resulting increase in Kr341 phosphorescence decay time. Furthermore, FAD fluorescence decay time decreased, presumably due to protein binding, thus inducing a quenching of FAD fluorescence decay time. Through application of the metabolic drugs antimycin and FCCP, the recorded signals could be assigned to a mitochondrial origin. The dopamine-induced changes could be observed in sequential FLIM and PLIM recordings, as well as in simultaneous FLIM/PLIM recordings using an intermediate TCSPC timing resolution. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 202 KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Fluorescent probes Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82156 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jahn, Karolina A1 - Buschmann, Volker A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Simultaneous Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy in Living Cells JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In living cells, there are always a plethora of processes taking place at the same time. Their precise regulation is the basis of cellular functions, since small failures can lead to severe dysfunctions. For a comprehensive understanding of intracellular homeostasis, simultaneous multiparameter detection is a versatile tool for revealing the spatial and temporal interactions of intracellular parameters. Here, a recently developed time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) board was evaluated for simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM/PLIM). Therefore, the metabolic activity in insect salivary glands was investigated by recording ns-decaying intrinsic cellular fluorescence, mainly related to oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the μs-decaying phosphorescence of the oxygen-sensitive ruthenium-complex Kr341. Due to dopamine stimulation, the metabolic activity of salivary glands increased, causing a higher pericellular oxygen consumption and a resulting increase in Kr341 phosphorescence decay time. Furthermore, FAD fluorescence decay time decreased, presumably due to protein binding, thus inducing a quenching of FAD fluorescence decay time. Through application of the metabolic drugs antimycin and FCCP, the recorded signals could be assigned to a mitochondrial origin. The dopamine-induced changes could be observed in sequential FLIM and PLIM recordings, as well as in simultaneous FLIM/PLIM recordings using an intermediate TCSPC timing resolution. KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Fluorescent probes Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14334 SN - 2045-2322 IS - 5 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER -