TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Verissimo, Joao Marques T1 - Investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals The case of morphological priming JF - Linguistic approaches to bilingualism N2 - In this article we discuss methods for investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals. We will present a methodological approach that relies on: (i) linguistic theory (in our case, morphology) for the construction of experimental materials; (ii) a design that allows for direct (within-experiment, within-participant, and within-item) comparisons of the critical conditions; and (iii) data analysis techniques that make both linear and non-linear gradient effects visible. We review recent studies of masked morphological priming in bilinguals in which the application of these methodological principles revealed highly selective interactions of age of acquisition (and the native/non-native contrast) with the linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation. We believe that such considerations are not only relevant for grammatical processing experiments, but also for studying bilingualism, and its potential cognitive advantages, more generally. KW - Morphological priming KW - inflection KW - derivation KW - age of acquisition KW - critical period Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.15039.cla SN - 1879-9264 SN - 1879-9272 VL - 6 SP - 685 EP - 698 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming: Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel-i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts orthographically related, but which in their commonly written form share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. KW - morphologically complex words KW - morpho-orthography KW - decompositon KW - Japanese KW - kanji KW - kana Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00316 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mosca, Michela A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Examining language switching in bilinguals: The role of preparation time JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. N2 - Much research on language control in bilinguals has relied on the interpretation of the costs of switching between two languages. Of the two types of costs that are linked to language control, switching costs are assumed to be transient in nature and modulated by trial-specific manipulations (e.g., by preparation time), while mixing costs are supposed to be more stable and less affected by trial-specific manipulations. The present study investigated the effect of preparation time on switching and mixing costs, revealing that both types of costs can be influenced by trial-specific manipulations. KW - Bilingual language switching KW - preparation time KW - switching costs KW - mixing costs KW - picture naming Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000693 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 19 SP - 415 EP - 424 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leminen, Alina A1 - Lehtonen, Minna A1 - Bozic, Mirjana A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Editorial: Morphologically Complex Words in the Mind/Brain T2 - Frontiers in human neuroscienc KW - morphology KW - derivation KW - inflection KW - compound KW - L2 KW - dyslexia KW - semantics KW - decomposition Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00047 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 10 SP - 150 EP - 160 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Contributions of linguistic typology to psycholinguistics JF - Linguistic typology N2 - This article first outlines different ways of how psycholinguists have dealt with linguistic diversity and illustrates these approaches with three familiar cases from research on language processing, language acquisition, and language disorders. The second part focuses on the role of morphology and morphological variability across languages for psycholinguistic research. The specific phenomena to be examined are to do with stem-formation morphology and inflectional classes; they illustrate how experimental research that is informed by linguistic typology can lead to new insights. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2016-0031 SN - 1430-0532 SN - 1613-415X VL - 20 SP - 599 EP - 614 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Accessing morphosyntax in L1 and L2 word recognition A priming study of inflected German adjectives JF - The mental lexicon N2 - In fusional languages, inflectional affixes may encode multiple morphosyntactic features such as case, number, and gender. To determine how these features are accessed during both native (L1) and non-native (L2) word recognition, the present study compares the results from a masked visual priming experiment testing inflected adjectives of German to those of a previous overt (cross-modal) priming experiment on the same phenomenon. While for the L1 group both experiments produced converging results, a group of highly-proficient Russian L2 learners of German showed native-like modulations of repetition priming effects under overt, but not under masked priming conditions. These results indicate that not only affixes but also their morphosyntactic features are accessible during initial form-based lexical access, albeit only for L1 and not for L2 processing. We argue that this contrast is in line with other findings suggesting that non-native language processing is less influenced by structural information than the L1. KW - morphosyntax KW - inflection KW - masked priming KW - late bilinguals Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.1.02bos SN - 1871-1340 SN - 1871-1375 VL - 11 SP - 26 EP - 54 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER -