TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barthold, Frauke Katrin
A1  - Turner, Benjamin L.
A1  - Elsenbeer, Helmut
A1  - Zimmermann, Alexander
T1  - A hydrochemical approach to quantify the role of return flow in a surface flow-dominated catchment
JF  - Hydrological processes
N2  - Stormflow generation in headwater catchments dominated by subsurface flow has been studied extensively, yet catchments dominated by surface flow have received less attention. We addressed this by testing whether stormflow chemistry is controlled by either (a) the event-water signature of overland flow, or (b) the pre-event water signature of return flow. We used a high-resolution hydrochemical data set of stormflow and end-members of multiple storms in an end-member mixing analysis to determine the number of end-members needed to explain stormflow, characterize and identify potential end-members, calculate their contributions to stormflow, and develop a conceptual model of stormflow. The arrangement and relative positioning of end-members in stormflow mixing space suggest that saturation excess overland flow (26-48%) and return flow from two different subsurface storage pools (17-53%) are both similarly important for stormflow. These results suggest that pipes and fractures are important flow paths to rapidly release stored water and highlight the value of within-event resolution hydrochemical data to assess the full range and dynamics of flow paths.
KW  - EMMA
KW  - hydrochemistry
KW  - overland flow
KW  - return flow
KW  - stormflow generation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11083
SN  - 0885-6087
SN  - 1099-1085
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
SP  - 1018
EP  - 1033
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fathizadeh, O.
A1  - Hosseini, Seyed Mehrdad
A1  - Zimmermann, Alexander
A1  - Keim, R. F.
A1  - Boloorani, A. Darvishi
T1  - Estimating linkages between forest structural variables and rainfall interception parameters in semi-arid deciduous oak forest stands
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - An understanding of the relationship between canopy structure and the water balance is needed for predicting how forest structure changes affect rainfall partitioning and, consequently, water resources. The objective of this study was to predict rainfall interception (I) and canopy storage capacity (S) using canopy structure variables and to investigate how seasonal changes influence their relationship. The study was conducted in twelve 50 m x 50 m plots in the Zagros forest in the western Iranian state of Ilam, protected forests of Dalab region. Average cumulative I was 84.2mm, accounting for 10.2% of cumulative gross precipitation (GP) over a 1-year period. Using a regression based method, S averaged similar to 1 mm and 0.1 mm in the leafed and leafless periods, respectively. There were no relationships between tree density and I: GP or S, but I: GP and S increased with leaf area index, canopy cover fraction, basal area, tree height, and diameter at breast height in the leafed period. In addition, wood area index and canopy cover fraction were related to I: GP or S in the leafless period. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Canopy storage capacity
KW  - Canopy structure
KW  - Rainfall interception
KW  - Quercus brantii
KW  - Zagros forests
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.233
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 601
SP  - 1824
EP  - 1837
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -