TY - JOUR A1 - Castro, José Pedro A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Speckmann, Bodo T1 - The two faces of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocyte function and dysfunction JF - Biological chemistry N2 - White adipose tissue (WAT) is actively involved in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis via storage/ release of lipids and adipokine secretion. Current research links WAT dysfunction to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The expansion of WAT during oversupply of nutrients prevents ectopic fat accumulation and requires proper preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation. An assumed link between excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), WAT dysfunction and T2D has been discussed controversially. While oxidative stress conditions have conclusively been detected in WAT of T2D patients and related animal models, clinical trials with antioxidants failed to prevent T2D or to improve glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, animal studies yielded inconsistent results regarding the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes. Here, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the (patho) physiology of adipocyte function and differentiation, with particular emphasis on sources and nutritional modulators of adipocyte ROS and their functions in signaling mechanisms controlling adipogenesis and functions of mature fat cells. We propose a concept of ROS balance that is required for normal functioning of WAT. We explain how both excessive and diminished levels of ROS, e. g. resulting from over supplementation with antioxidants, contribute to WAT dysfunction and subsequently insulin resistance. KW - adipogenesis KW - adipose tissue dysregulation KW - antioxidants KW - metabolic disorders KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0305 SN - 1431-6730 SN - 1437-4315 VL - 397 SP - 709 EP - 724 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Blagojevic, Lara A1 - Frede, Katja A1 - Klopsch, R. A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Neumann, A. A1 - Ngwene, Benard A1 - Norkeweit, Jessica A1 - Schroeter, D. A1 - Schroeter, A. A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Wiesner, M. A1 - Schreiner, Monika T1 - Are Neglected Plants the Food for the Future? JF - Critical reviews in plant sciences N2 - Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as “Future Food” for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems. KW - Fruits KW - malnutrition KW - orphan crops KW - underutilized species KW - vegetables Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2016.1201399 SN - 0735-2689 SN - 1549-7836 VL - 35 SP - 106 EP - 119 PB - Institut d'Estudis Catalans CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Descriptive typology and linguistic theory: A study in the morphosyntax of relative clauses JF - Acta linguistica Hungarica : an international journal of linguistics Y1 - 2016 SN - 1216-8076 SN - 1588-2624 VL - 63 SP - 97 EP - 112 PB - Akadémiai Kiadó CY - Budapest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Syntax over Time. Lexical, Morphological, and Information - Structural Interactions JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2016-0020 SN - 0005-8076 SN - 1865-9373 VL - 138 SP - 264 EP - 271 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER -