TY - JOUR A1 - Zurita-Sanchez, Jorge R. A1 - Henkel, Carsten T1 - Acoustic waves from mechanical impulses due to fluorescence resonant energy (Forster) transfer Blowing a whistle with light JF - epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics N2 - We present a momentum transfer mechanism mediated by electromagnetic fields that originates in a system of two nearby molecules: one excited (donor D*) and the other in ground state (acceptor A). An intermolecular force related to fluorescence resonant energy or Forster transfer (FRET) arises in the unstable D* A molecular system, which differs from the equilibrium van der Waals interaction. Due to the its finite lifetime, a mechanical impulse is imparted to the relative motion in the system. We analyze the FRET impulse when the molecules are embedded in free space and find that its magnitude can be much greater than the single recoil photon momentum, getting comparable with the thermal momentum (Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) at room temperature. In addition, we propose that this FRET impulse can be exploited in the generation of acoustic waves inside a film containing layers of donor and acceptor molecules, when a picosecond laser pulse excites the donors. This acoustic transient is distinguishable from that produced by thermal stress due to laser absorption, and may therefore play a role in photoacoustic spectroscopy. The effect can be seen as exciting a vibrating system like a string or organ pipe with light; it may be used as an opto-mechanical transducer. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/97/43002 SN - 0295-5075 VL - 97 IS - 4 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Mulhouse ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Rossmanith, Eva A1 - Zbinden, Niklaus A1 - Zimmermann, Niklaus E. A1 - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris T1 - Uncertainty in predictions of range dynamics black grouse climbing the Swiss Alps JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum N2 - Empirical species distribution models (SDMs) constitute often the tool of choice for the assessment of rapid climate change effects on species vulnerability. Conclusions regarding extinction risks might be misleading, however, because SDMs do not explicitly incorporate dispersal or other demographic processes. Here, we supplement SDMs with a dynamic population model 1) to predict climate-induced range dynamics for black grouse in Switzerland, 2) to compare direct and indirect measures of extinction risks, and 3) to quantify uncertainty in predictions as well as the sources of that uncertainty. To this end, we linked models of habitat suitability to a spatially explicit, individual-based model. In an extensive sensitivity analysis, we quantified uncertainty in various model outputs introduced by different SDM algorithms, by different climate scenarios and by demographic model parameters. Potentially suitable habitats were predicted to shift uphill and eastwards. By the end of the 21st century, abrupt habitat losses were predicted in the western Prealps for some climate scenarios. In contrast, population size and occupied area were primarily controlled by currently negative population growth and gradually declined from the beginning of the century across all climate scenarios and SDM algorithms. However, predictions of population dynamic features were highly variable across simulations. Results indicate that inferring extinction probabilities simply from the quantity of suitable habitat may underestimate extinction risks because this may ignore important interactions between life history traits and available habitat. Also, in dynamic range predictions uncertainty in SDM algorithms and climate scenarios can become secondary to uncertainty in dynamic model components. Our study emphasises the need for principal evaluation tools like sensitivity analysis in order to assess uncertainty and robustness in dynamic range predictions. A more direct benefit of such robustness analysis is an improved mechanistic understanding of dynamic species responses to climate change. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07200.x SN - 0906-7590 VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 590 EP - 603 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zuo, Zhili A1 - Gandhi, Neha S. A1 - Arndt, Katja Maren A1 - Mancera, Ricardo L. T1 - Free energy calculations of the interactions of c-Jun-based synthetic peptides with the c-Fos protein JF - Biopolymers N2 - The c-Fosc-Jun complex forms the activator protein 1 transcription factor, a therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. Various synthetic peptides have been designed to try to selectively disrupt the interaction between c-Fos and c-Jun at its leucine zipper domain. To evaluate the binding affinity between these synthetic peptides and c-Fos, polarizable and nonpolarizable molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted, and the resulting conformations were analyzed using the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method to compute free energies of binding. In contrast to empirical and semiempirical approaches, the estimation of free energies of binding using a combination of MD simulations and the MM/GBSA approach takes into account dynamical properties such as conformational changes, as well as solvation effects and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. The predicted binding affinities of the series of c-Jun-based peptides targeting the c-Fos peptide show good correlation with experimental melting temperatures. This provides the basis for the rational design of peptides based on internal, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. KW - free energy of binding KW - coiled-coil KW - molecular dynamics KW - MM KW - GBSA KW - leucine zipper Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.22099 SN - 0006-3525 VL - 97 IS - 11 SP - 899 EP - 909 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zobir, Soraya Hadj A1 - Mocek, Beate T1 - Determination of the source rocks for the diatexites from the Edough Massif, Annaba, NE Algeria JF - Journal of African earth sciences N2 - The crystalline Edough Massif is located in the oriental part of the Algerian coastline. It consists of two tectonically superposed units of gneisses, augen-gneisses and migmatitic gneisses in the lower unit and micaschists in the upper unit. The crystalline rocks underwent a low to moderate degree of metamorphism; the gneisses suffered partial melting. They display migmatitic features such as nebulitic structures with contorted leucosome layers and K-feldspar porphyroblasts and thus can be classified as diatexites. The mineralogical composition of these rocks is very homogenous and consists of K-feldspar, micas and quartz. The feldspar-rich, arkosic nature of the outcrop implies a granitic source rock. High K2O/Na2O ratios and high A/CNK > 1.1 indicate an S-type granite source and a peraluminous composition of the protolith respectively. Chondrite normalized REE distribution patterns of the Edough diatexites show gently inclined patterns with a minor negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.36-0.49), which points to a very slightly differentiated granitic source. The REE pattern and trace element data of the diatexites are similar to those of average Proterozoic upper continental crust, which suggests that they are derived mainly from upper continental crust and were deposited in continental margins. KW - Diatexites KW - Arkose KW - Protolith KW - S-type granite KW - Edough KW - Algeria Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.04.004 SN - 1464-343X VL - 69 IS - 13 SP - 26 EP - 33 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziolkowski, Bartosz A1 - Bleek, Katrin A1 - Twamley, Brendan A1 - Fraser, Kevin J. A1 - Byrne, Robert A1 - Diamond, Dermot A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Magnetic ionogels (MagIGs) based on iron oxide nanoparticles, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide JF - European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe N2 - Magnetic ionogels (MagIGs) were prepared from organosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, N-isopropylacrylamide, and the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide. The ionogels prepared with the silane-modified nanoparticles are more homogeneous than ionogels prepared with unmodified magnetite particles. The silane-modified particles are immobilized in the ionogel and are resistant tonanoparticle leaching. The modified particles also render the ionogels mechanically more stable than the ionogels synthesized with unmodified nanoparticles. The ionogels respond to external permanent magnets and are therefore prototypes of a new soft magnetic actuator. KW - Magnetic properties KW - Nanotechnology KW - Iron KW - Ionic liquids KW - Ionogels Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201200597 SN - 1434-1948 IS - 32 SP - 5245 EP - 5251 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zinsmeister, Heike A1 - Smolka, Eva T1 - Corpus-based evidence for approximating semantic transparency of complex verbs JF - Potsdam cognitive science series Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62353 SN - 2190-4545 SN - 2190-4553 IS - 3 SP - 45 EP - 59 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Von Mangoldt, Hermann T1 - Article 53 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-19-969299-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Thienel, Tobias T1 - Yugoslavia, cases and proceedings before the ICJ Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-19-929168-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Thienel, Tobias T1 - Article 60 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-19-969299-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas T1 - Amending the amendment provisions of the rome statute the kampala compromise on the crime of aggression and the law of treaties JF - Journal of international criminal justice N2 - The adoption, in Kampala in June 2010, of amendments to the Rome Statute on the crime of aggression was hailed as a historic milestone in the development of the international Criminal Court (ICC). However, the manner in which these amendments are supposed to enter into force runs the risk of undermining the rules of the international law of treaties, as well as the legality and acceptability of the Kampala compromise itself The author examines the relevant amendment procedures provided for in the ICC Statute and the compatibility with them of the amendment procedure chosen in Kampala and ultimately warns of the legal consequences which may follow from the Review Conference's somewhat-Alexandrian solution. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqs002 SN - 1478-1387 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 209 EP - 227 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -