TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lecourieux, Fatma
A1  - Kappel, Christian
A1  - Lecourieux, David
A1  - Serrano, Alejandra
A1  - Torres, Elizabeth
A1  - Arce-Johnson, Patricio
A1  - Delrot, Serge
T1  - An update on sugar transport and signalling in grapevine
JF  - Journal of experimental botany
N2  - In addition to their role as a source of reduced carbon, sugars may directly or indirectly control a wide range of activities in plant cells, through transcriptional and post-translational regulation. This control has been studied in detail using Arabidopsis thaliana, where genetic analysis offers many possibilities. Much less is known about perennial woody species. For several years, various aspects of sugar sensing and signalling have been investigated in the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry, an organ that accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of flesh cells. Here we review various aspects of this topic: the molecular basis of sugar transport and its regulation by sugars in grapevine; the functional analysis of several sugar-induced genes; the effects of some biotic and abiotic stresses on the sugar content of the berry; and finally the effects of exogenous sugar supply on the ripening process in field conditions. A picture of complex feedback and multiprocess regulation emerges from these data.
KW  - Fruit biology
KW  - grapevine
KW  - signalling
KW  - stress
KW  - sugar
KW  - transport
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert394
SN  - 0022-0957
SN  - 1460-2431
VL  - 65
IS  - 3
SP  - 821
EP  - 832
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kappel, Christian
A1  - Cuong Nguyen Huu, 
A1  - Lenhard, Michael
T1  - A short story gets longer: recent insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly
JF  - Journal of experimental botany
N2  - Heterostyly is a fascinating adaptation to promote outbreeding and a classical paradigm of botany. In the most common type of heterostyly, plants either form flowers with long styles and short stamens, or short styles and long stamens. This reciprocal organ positioning reduces pollen wastage and promotes cross-pollination, thus increasing male fitness. In addition, in many heterostylous species selfing and the generation of unfit progeny due to inbreeding depression is limited by a self-incompatibility system, thus promoting female fitness. The two floral forms are genetically determined by the S locus as a complex supergene, namely a chromosomal region containing several individual genes that control the different traits, such as style or stamen length, and are held together by very tight linkage due to suppressed recombination. Recent molecular-genetic studies in several systems, including Turnera, Fagopyrum, Linum, and Primula have begun to identify and characterize the causal heterostyly genes residing at the S locus. An emerging theme from several families is that the dominant S haplotype represents a hemizygous region not present on the recessive s haplotype. This provides an explanation for the suppressed recombination and suggests a scenario for the chromosomal evolution of the S locus. In this review, we discuss the results from recent molecular-genetic analyses in light of the classical models on the genetics and evolution of heterostyly.
KW  - CYP734A50
KW  - distyly
KW  - GLOBOSA2
KW  - hemizygosity
KW  - heterostyly
KW  - Primula
KW  - S locus
KW  - supergene
KW  - tristyly
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx387
SN  - 0022-0957
SN  - 1460-2431
VL  - 68
SP  - 5719
EP  - 5730
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  -