TY - JOUR
A1 - Pradhan, Prajal
A1 - Kropp, Jürgen
T1 - Interplay between diets, health, and climate change
JF - Sustainability
N2 - The world is facing a triple burden of undernourishment, obesity, and environmental impacts from agriculture while nourishing its population. This burden makes sustainable nourishment of the growing population a global challenge. Addressing this challenge requires an understanding of the interplay between diets, health, and associated environmental impacts (e.g., climate change). For this, we identify 11 typical diets that represent dietary habits worldwide for the last five decades. Plant-source foods provide most of all three macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) in developing countries. In contrast, animal-source foods provide a majority of protein and fat in developed ones. The identified diets deviate from the recommended healthy diet with either too much (e.g., red meat) or too little (e.g., fruits and vegetables) food and nutrition supply. The total calorie supplies are lower than required for two diets. Sugar consumption is higher than recommended for five diets. Three and five diets consist of larger-than-recommended carbohydrate and fat shares, respectively. Four diets with a large share of animal-source foods exceed the recommended value of red meat. Only two diets consist of at least 400 gm/cap/day of fruits and vegetables while accounting for food waste. Prevalence of undernourishment and underweight dominates in the diets with lower calories. In comparison, a higher prevalence of obesity is observed for diets with higher calories with high shares of sugar, fat, and animal-source foods. However, embodied emissions in the diets do not show a clear relation with calorie supplies and compositions. Two high-calorie diets embody more than 1.5 t CO2eq/cap/yr, and two low-calorie diets embody around 1 t CO2eq/cap/yr. Our analysis highlights that sustainable and healthy diets can serve the purposes of both nourishing the population and, at the same time, reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.
KW - dietary patterns
KW - healthy diets
KW - embodied emissions
KW - diet shifts
KW - sustainable diets
KW - emission intensity
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093878
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 12
IS - 9
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marwan, Norbert
T1 - Challenges and perspectives in recurrence analyses of event time series
JF - Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics
N2 - The analysis of event time series is in general challenging. Most time series analysis tools are limited for the analysis of this kind of data. Recurrence analysis, a powerful concept from nonlinear time series analysis, provides several opportunities to work with event data and even for the most challenging task of comparing event time series with continuous time series. Here, the basic concept is introduced, the challenges are discussed, and the future perspectives are summarized.
KW - event time series
KW - extreme events
KW - recurrence analysis
KW - edit distance
KW - synchronization
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1129105
SN - 2297-4687
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ladeira, Guenia
A1 - Marwan, Norbert
A1 - Destro-Filho, Joao-Batista
A1 - Ramos, Camila Davi
A1 - Lima, Gabriela
T1 - Frequency spectrum recurrence analysis
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - In this paper, we present the new frequency spectrum recurrence analysis technique by means of electro-encephalon signals (EES) analyses. The technique is suitable for time series analysis with noise and disturbances. EES were collected, and alpha waves of the occipital region were analysed by comparing the signals from participants in two states, eyes open and eyes closed. Firstly, EES were characterized and analysed by means of techniques already known to compare with the results of the innovative technique that we present here. We verified that, standard recurrence quantification analysis by means of EES time series cannot statistically distinguish the two states. However, the new frequency spectrum recurrence quantification exhibit quantitatively whether the participants have their eyes open or closed. In sequence, new quantifiers are created for analysing the recurrence concentration on frequency bands. These analyses show that EES with similar frequency spectrum have different recurrence levels revealing different behaviours of the nervous system. The technique can be used to deepen the study on depression, stress, concentration level and other neurological issues and also can be used in any complex system.
KW - Biomedical engineering
KW - Brain injuries
KW - Computational models
KW - Computational neuroscience
KW - Data acquisition
KW - Data processing
KW - Electrical and electronic engineering
KW - Neural circuits
KW - Visual system
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77903-4
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 10
IS - 1
PB - Nature portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Feldmann, Johannes
A1 - Reese, Ronja
A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda
A1 - Levermann, Anders
T1 - Shear-margin melting causes stronger transient ice discharge than ice-stream melting in idealized simulations
JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2 - Basal ice-shelf melting is the key driver of Antarctica's increasing sea-level contribution. In diminishing the buttressing force of the ice shelves that fringe the ice sheet, the melting increases the ice discharge into the ocean.
Here we contrast the influence of basal melting in two different ice-shelf regions on the time-dependent response of an isothermal, inherently buttressed ice-sheet-shelf system. In the idealized numerical simulations, the basal-melt perturbations are applied close to the grounding line in the ice-shelf's (1) ice-stream region, where the ice shelf is fed by the fastest ice masses that stream through the upstream bed trough and (2) shear margins, where the ice flow is slower.
The results show that melting below one or both of the shear margins can cause a decadal to centennial increase in ice discharge that is more than twice as large compared to a similar perturbation in the ice-stream region. We attribute this to the fact that melt-induced ice-shelf thinning in the central grounding-line region is attenuated very effectively by the fast flow of the central ice stream. In contrast, the much slower ice dynamics in the lateral shear margins of the ice shelf facilitate sustained ice-shelf thinning and thereby foster buttressing reduction.
Regardless of the melt location, a higher melt concentration toward the grounding line generally goes along with a stronger response. Our results highlight the vulnerability of outlet glaciers to basal melting in stagnant, buttressing-relevant ice-shelf regions, a mechanism that may gain importance under future global warming.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1927-2022
SN - 1994-0416
SN - 1994-0424
VL - 16
IS - 5
SP - 1927
EP - 1940
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -