TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Cognitive coping with the threat of rape : Vigilance and cognitive avoidance N2 - Individual differences in women's avoidant and vigilant style in coping with the threat of rape were explored in four studies. In the first study, 97 women read a rape scenario and completed measures of cognitive vigilance and avoidance. They also provided ratings of fear of rape and anticipated coping problems in case of sexual assault. Vigilance was associated with significantly higher levels of fear of rape and anticipation of more severe coping problems. No effects were found for cognitive avoidance. Study 2 replicated these findings with a sample of 275 women. In addition, it showed that high vigilance was associated with significantly more rape-preventive behaviors. Study 3, including 172 women, was an online study on the effect of cognitive coping style on fear of rape, anticipated coping problems, and two behavioral measures of rape avoidance. High vigilance was related to higher levels of fear of rape, anticipation of more severe coping problems, and more rape-preventive behaviors. Finally, Study 4 (N = 2 10) showed that individual differences in cognitive coping style affected rape-related affect and behavior in the absence of a rape scenario, underlining the chronic salience of the threat of rape for women. Vigilance was positively related to fear of rape, rape-avoidance behavior, and anticipated coping problems. In contrast, a negative relationship was found between cognitive avoidance and fear of rape, rape-avoidance strategies, and anticipated coping problems. Across the four studies, no evidence was found for an interactive effect of cognitive avoidance and vigilance, as suggested by the construct of repression versus sensitization. The findings are discussed in the light of previous research on repression- sensitization in coping with threatening information Y1 - 2005 SN - 0022-3506 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior N2 - Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior were explored in a study involving 256 female motorists. Sex role orientation, dispositional aggressiveness, age, and annual mileage were measured as independent variables, and aggressive driving behavior was included as the dependent variable. Stepwise hierarchical regression analysis showed that age was negatively related to driving aggression, whereas annual mileage had a positive relationship with driving aggression. Dispositional aggressiveness was a significant predictor of driving aggression. Of the two components of sex role orientation, only femininity was associated with driving aggression, with higher femininity scores predicting lower aggressive driving scores. Masculinity failed to predict aggressive driving, as did the interaction of masculinity and femininity. In combination, the predictors explained 29% of the variance in women's aggressive driving. The results are discussed with respect to the role of dispositional variables as predictors of driving aggression in women. Aggr. Behav. 31:537-546, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc Y1 - 2005 SN - 0096-140X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Abraham, Charles A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Helbig, M. K. T1 - Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK N2 - The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N = 161), students in the UK (N = 139), and academics in Germany (N = 79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discernibility as foreigner, quality of private contacts with host nationals, and language proficiency were explored as predictors of perceived discrimination. Across the three samples, respondents who were identifiable as foreigners by their appearance reported more discrimination. Positive contacts with host nationals were associated with lower levels of perceived discrimination. Language proficiency predicted perceived antilocution in the two German samples. All samples perceived their personal level of discrimination to be lower than that of their respective in-groups (international students/ academics), but the tendency was moderated by visibility and contact quality Y1 - 2005 SN - 0007-1269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Berger, Anja T1 - Sex differences in relationship aggression among young adults in Germany N2 - The study examined the prevalence of physical aggression in the relationships of young adults in Germany. A convenience sample of 248 women and 400 men aged between 17 and 29 years provided reports of physical aggression shown toward and experienced by a partner using the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Sex differences were found for several physically aggressive behaviors measured by the CTS2, mostly for minor forms of physical aggression. All sex differences were in the direction of women scoring higher than men on the perpetration of aggressive acts, and men scoring higher than women on being the targets of partner aggression. The findings are discussed in the context of the current debate on sex differences in relationship aggression Y1 - 2005 SN - 0360-0025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective N2 - This paper reviews the international literature on intimate partner violence with a focus on gender differences in perpetration and victimization rates. A total of 35 studies from 21 countries are discussed that report prevalence or incidence rates of men's and women's involvement in physical and/or sexual aggression against an intimate partner. In addition, evidence on risk factors as well as consequences of intimate partner violence for men and women is presented. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies and the lack of comparable databases within countries are discussed as limitations of the evidence, and perspectives for future research are outlined in the framework of cross-cultural psychology Y1 - 2005 SN - 0360-0025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective Y1 - 2005 ER -