TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tetzner, Julia
A1  - Becker, Michael
T1  - How Being an Optimist Makes a Difference: The Protective Role of Optimism in Adolescents' Adjustment to Parental Separation
JF  - Social psychological and personality science
N2  - This longitudinal study of N = 1,566 adolescents investigated the protective role of optimism in adjustment to parental separation, focusing on two salient challenges faced by adolescents, namely academic achievement and self-esteem. Based on latent change models, the results indicated associations between parental separation and short-term declines in academic achievement as well as short-term and longer term declines in self-esteem. Although optimism in general showed positive associations with academic achievement and self-esteem, its role as a protective factor proved to be particularly important for academic achievement in adjustment following parental separation.
KW  - parental separation
KW  - optimism
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - self-esteem
KW  - longitudinal study
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614559605
SN  - 1948-5506
SN  - 1948-5514
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 325
EP  - 333
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunina-Habenicht, Olga
A1  - Hautz, Wolf E.
A1  - Knigge, Michel
A1  - Spies, Claudia
A1  - Ahlers, Olaf
T1  - Assessing clinical reasoning (ASCLIRE): Instrument development and validation
JF  - Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice
N2  - Clinical reasoning is an essential competency in medical education. This study aimed at developing and validating a test to assess diagnostic accuracy, collected information, and diagnostic decision time in clinical reasoning. A norm-referenced computer-based test for the assessment of clinical reasoning (ASCLIRE) was developed, integrating the entire clinical decision process. In a cross-sectional study participants were asked to choose as many diagnostic measures as they deemed necessary to diagnose the underlying disease of six different cases with acute or sub-acute dyspnea and provide a diagnosis. 283 students and 20 content experts participated. In addition to diagnostic accuracy, respective decision time and number of used relevant diagnostic measures were documented as distinct performance indicators. The empirical structure of the test was investigated using a structural equation modeling approach. Experts showed higher accuracy rates and lower decision times than students. In a cross-sectional comparison, the diagnostic accuracy of students improved with the year of study. Wrong diagnoses provided by our sample were comparable to wrong diagnoses in practice. We found an excellent fit for a model with three latent factors-diagnostic accuracy, decision time, and choice of relevant diagnostic information-with diagnostic accuracy showing no significant correlation with decision time. ASCLIRE considers decision time as an important performance indicator beneath diagnostic accuracy and provides evidence that clinical reasoning is a complex ability comprising diagnostic accuracy, decision time, and choice of relevant diagnostic information as three partly correlated but still distinct aspects.
KW  - Clinical reasoning
KW  - Computer-based assessment
KW  - Diagnostic accuracy
KW  - Medical education
KW  - Validation
KW  - Decision speed
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9596-y
SN  - 1382-4996
SN  - 1573-1677
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
SP  - 1205
EP  - 1224
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Austin, Gina
T1  - The mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between executive function and conduct problems in elementary school-age children
Y1  - 2015
ER  -