TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Beate A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - de Moraes, Jorge M. T1 - The influence of land-use changes on soil hydraulic properties : implications for runoff generation Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.070 SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Green, Antony Dubach T1 - The independence of phonology and morphology: The Celtic mutations JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - One of the most important insights of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993) is that phonological processes can be reduced to the interaction between faithfulness and universal markedness principles. In the most constrained version of the theory, all phonological processes should be thus reducible. This hypothesis is tested by alternations that appear to be phonological but in which universal markedness principles appear to play no role. If we are to pursue the claim that all phonological processes depend on the interaction of faithfulness and markedness, then processes that are not dependent on markedness must lie outside phonology. In this paper I will examine a group of such processes, the initial consonant mutations of the Celtic languages, and argue that they belong entirely to the morphology of the languages, not the phonology. KW - Celtic mutations KW - word-based morphology KW - optimality theory Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2004.09.002 SN - 0024-3841 VL - 116 IS - 11 SP - 1946 EP - 1985 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beauval, Celine A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Scherbaum, Frank T1 - The impact of the spatial uniform distribution of seismicity on probabilistic seismic-hazard estimation JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - The first step in the estimation of probabilistic seismic hazard in a region commonly consists of the definition and characterization of the relevant seismic sources. Because in low-seismicity regions seismicity is often rather diffuse and faults are difficult to identify, large areal source zones are mostly used. The corresponding hypothesis is that seismicity is uniformly distributed inside each areal seismic source zone. In this study, the impact of this hypothesis on the probabilistic hazard estimation is quantified through the generation of synthetic spatial seismicity distributions. Fractal seismicity distributions are generated inside a given source zone and probabilistic hazard is computed for a set of sites located inside this zone. In our study, the impact of the spatial seismicity distribution is defined as the deviation from the hazard value obtained for a spatially uniform seismicity distribution. From the generation of a large number of synthetic distributions, the correlation between the fractal dimension D and the impact is derived. The results show that the assumption of spatially uniform seismicity tends to bias the hazard to higher values. The correlation can be used to determine the systematic biases and uncertainties for hazard estimations in real cases, where the fractal dimension has been determined. We apply the technique in Germany (Cologne area) and in France (Alps). Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060073 SN - 0037-1106 VL - 96 IS - 6 SP - 2465 EP - 2471 PB - GeoScienceWorld CY - Alexandria, Va. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pelzer, Lydia A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - The impact of morphological markers on infants' and adults' speech processing Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lou, Ying A1 - Ma, Hui A1 - Lin, Wen-Hui A1 - Chu, Zhao-Quing A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Xu, Zhi-Hong A1 - Xue, Hong-Wei T1 - The highly charged region of plant beta-type phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is involved in membrane targeting and phospholipid binding N2 - In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two types of PI 4-kinase (PI4Ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. The alpha-type PI4Ks (similar to 220 kDa) contain a PH domain, which is lacking in beta-type PI4Ks (similar to 120 kDa). beta-Type PI4Ks, exemplified by Arabidopsis AtPI4K beta and rice OsPI4K2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated PPC (Plant PI4K Charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type PI4Ks at present. The PPC region has a length of similar to 300 amino acids and harboring 11 (AtPI4K beta) and 14 (OsPI4K2) repeats, respectively, of a 20-aa motif. Studies employing a modified yeast-based "Sequence of Membrane- Targeting Detection'' system demonstrate that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region, as well as the former 8 and latter 6 repetitive motifs within the PPC region, are able to target fusion proteins to the plasma membrane. Further detection on the transiently expressed GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells showed that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region alone, as well as the region containing repetitive motifs 1-8, was able to direct GFP to the plasma membrane, while the regions containing less repetitive motifs, i.e. 6, 4, 2 or single motif(s) led to predominantly intracellular localization. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PPC-GFP fusion protein further confirms the membrane-targeting capacities of PPC region. In addition, the predominant plasma membrane localization of AtPI4Kb was mediated by the PPC region. Recombinant PPC peptide, expressed in E. coli, strongly binds phosphatidic acid, PI and PI4P, but not phosphatidylcholine, PI5P, or PI(4,5) P-2 in vitro, providing insights into potential mechanisms for regulating sub- cellular localization and lipid binding for the plant beta-type PI4Ks Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100330 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-5548-x SN - 0167-4412 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lattemann, Christoph A1 - Soeren, Kupke A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan T1 - The Governance of virtual corporations N2 - The concept of the virtual corporation (VC), which describes a modern form of collaboration among organizations, was introduced in the scientific discussion in the mid 1990th. The practice shows that VCs need new forms of governance because the traditional mechanisms of control, management, and steering are hardly applicable. Until now there is only a few research related to the question how to govern VC. The main problems to govern a VC are to coordinate the communication among dispersed partners and to motivate employees to actively involve themselves into the network. Open source projects are confronted with similar problems. As several governance mechanisms are already analyzed in this context, the authors analyze and adopt governance concepts from open source projects to extract a governance framework for virtual corporations. This new approach leads to innovative insights in governing virtual corporations by using community techniques as an appropriate way for communication and collaboration purposes. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Reichard, Christoph ED - Mussari, Riccardo ED - Kupke, Sören T1 - The Governance of services of general interest between state, market and society Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-86573-208-9 PB - WVB Wiss.-Verl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stalz, Holger A1 - Roth, Udo A1 - Schleuder, Detlev A1 - Macht, Marcus A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Strupat, Kerstin A1 - Peter-Katalinic, Jasna A1 - Hanisch, Franz-Georg T1 - The Geodia cydonium galectin exhibits prototype and chimera-type characteristics and a unique sequence polymorphism within its carbohydrate recognition domain N2 - The ancestral galectin from the sponge Geodia cydonium (GCG) is classified on a structural basis to the prototype subfamily, whereas its carbohydrate-binding specificity is related to that of the mammalian chimera-type galectin-3. This dual coordination reveals GCG as a potential precursor of the later evolved galectin subfamilies, which is reflected in the primary structure of the protein. This study provides evidence that GCG is the LECT1 gene product, while neither a previously described LECT2 gene nor a functional LECT2 gene product was found in the specimen under investigation. The electrophoretically separated protein isomers with apparent molecular masses of 13, 15, and 16 kDa correspond to variants of the LECT1 protein-exhibiting peptide sequence polymorphisms that concern critical positions of the carbohydrate recognition domain (13 kDa: Leu51, Asn55, His130, Gly137; 15 kDa: Ser51, Asn55, Asn130, Gly137; 16 kDa: Ser51, Tyr55, Asn130, Glu137). Four residues, highly conserved in the galectin family, are substituted. None of the residues claimed to be involved in interactions with GalNAc alpha 1-3 moieties at an extended binding subsite of galectin-3 was identified in the corresponding positions of GCG. Apparently, the substitutions do not confer distinct binding characteristics to the GCG variants as evidenced by binding studies with a recombinantly expressed 15-kDa isoform. The natural isoforms as well as the recombinant 15-kDa isoform oligomerize by the formation of non-covalent heteromeric or homomeric complexes. A phosphorylation of the galectin was confirmed neither by mass spectrometry nor by alkaline phosphatase treatment combined with isoelectric focusing Y1 - 2006 UR - http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/5/402.full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwj086 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Graefener, G. A1 - Liermann, A. T1 - The galactic WN stars - Spectral analyses with line-blanketed model atmospheres versus stellar evolution models with and without rotation JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. Very massive stars pass through the Wolf-Rayet (WR) stage before they finally explode. Details of their evolution have not yet been safely established, and their physics are not well understood. Their spectral analysis requires adequate model atmospheres, which have been developed step by step during the past decades and account in their recent version for line blanketing by the millions of lines from iron and iron-group elements. However, only very few WN stars have been re-analyzed by means of line-blanketed models yet. Aims. The quantitative spectral analysis of a large sample of Galactic WN stars with the most advanced generation of model atmospheres should provide an empirical basis for various studies about the origin, evolution, and physics of the Wolf-Rayet stars and their powerful winds. Methods. We analyze a large sample of Galactic WN stars by means of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres, which account for iron line blanketing and clumping. The results are compared with a synthetic population, generated from the Geneva tracks for massive star evolution. Results. We obtain a homogeneous set of stellar and atmospheric parameters for the GalacticWN stars, partly revising earlier results. Conclusions. Comparing the results of our spectral analyses of the Galactic WN stars with the predictions of the Geneva evolutionary calculations, we conclude that there is rough qualitative agreement. However, the quantitative discrepancies are still severe, and there is no preference for the tracks that account for the effects of rotation. It seems that the evolution of massive stars is still not satisfactorily understood. KW - stars : mass-loss KW - stars : winds, outflows KW - stars : Wolf-Rayet KW - stars : atmospheres KW - stars : early-type KW - stars : evolution Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065052 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 457 IS - 3 SP - 1015 EP - 1031 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubert, Hans-Joachim T1 - The Foundations of Pragmatistic Sociology : George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley Y1 - 2006 ER -