TY - GEN A1 - Ślęzak, Jakub A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Magdziarz, Marcin T1 - Superstatistical generalised Langevin equation BT - non-Gaussian viscoelastic anomalous diffusion N2 - Recent advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing techniques demonstrate the emergence of normal or anomalous, viscoelastic diffusion in conjunction with non-Gaussian distributions in soft, biological, and active matter systems. We here formulate a stochastic model based on a generalised Langevin equation in which non-Gaussian shapes of the probability density function and normal or anomalous diffusion have a common origin, namely a random parametrisation of the stochastic force. We perform a detailed analysis demonstrating how various types of parameter distributions for the memory kernel result in exponential, power law, or power-log law tails of the memory functions. The studied system is also shown to exhibit a further unusual property: the velocity has a Gaussian one point probability density but non-Gaussian joint distributions. This behaviour is reflected in the relaxation from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian distribution observed for the position variable. We show that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with stochastic simulations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 413 KW - anomalous diffusion KW - generalised langevin equation KW - superstatistics KW - non-Gaussian diffusion Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409315 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ślęzak, Jakub A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Magdziarz, Marcin T1 - Superstatistical generalised Langevin equation BT - non-Gaussian viscoelastic anomalous diffusion JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - Recent advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing techniques demonstrate the emergence of normal or anomalous, viscoelastic diffusion in conjunction with non-Gaussian distributions in soft, biological, and active matter systems. We here formulate a stochastic model based on a generalised Langevin equation in which non-Gaussian shapes of the probability density function and normal or anomalous diffusion have a common origin, namely a random parametrisation of the stochastic force. We perform a detailed analysis demonstrating how various types of parameter distributions for the memory kernel result in exponential, power law, or power-log law tails of the memory functions. The studied system is also shown to exhibit a further unusual property: the velocity has a Gaussian one point probability density but non-Gaussian joint distributions. This behaviour is reflected in the relaxation from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian distribution observed for the position variable. We show that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with stochastic simulations. KW - anomalous diffusion KW - generalised langevin equation KW - superstatistics KW - non-Gaussian diffusion Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aaa3d4 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 20 IS - 023026 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft / Institute of Physics CY - Bad Honnef und London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Öztürk, Ugur A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - von Specht, Sebastian A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Jensen, J. T1 - A new centennial sea-level record for Antalya, Eastern Mediterranean JF - Journal of geophysical research-oceans N2 - Quantitative estimates of sea-level rise in the Mediterranean Basin become increasingly accurate thanks to detailed satellite monitoring. However, such measuring campaigns cover several years to decades, while longer-term sea-level records are rare for the Mediterranean. We used a data archeological approach to reanalyze monthly mean sea-level data of the Antalya-I (1935–1977) tide gauge to fill this gap. We checked the accuracy and reliability of these data before merging them with the more recent records of the Antalya-II (1985–2009) tide gauge, accounting for an eight-year hiatus. We obtain a composite time series of monthly and annual mean sea levels spanning some 75 years, providing the longest record for the eastern Mediterranean Basin, and thus an essential tool for studying the region's recent sea-level trends. We estimate a relative mean sea-level rise of 2.2 ± 0.5 mm/year between 1935 and 2008, with an annual variability (expressed here as the standard deviation of the residuals, σresiduals = 41.4 mm) above that at the closest tide gauges (e.g., Thessaloniki, Greece, σresiduals = 29.0 mm). Relative sea-level rise accelerated to 6.0 ± 1.5 mm/year at Antalya-II; we attribute roughly half of this rate (~3.6 mm/year) to tectonic crustal motion and anthropogenic land subsidence. Our study highlights the value of data archeology for recovering and integrating historic tide gauge data for long-term sea-level and climate studies. KW - sea level KW - tide gauge KW - data archeology KW - Mediterranean Sea Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013906 SN - 2169-9275 SN - 2169-9291 VL - 123 IS - 7 SP - 4503 EP - 4517 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - THES A1 - Öztürk, Ugur T1 - Learning more to predict landslides T1 - Ein verbessertes Wissen zur Prognose von Hangrutschungen N2 - Landslides are frequent natural hazards in rugged terrain, when the resisting frictional force of the surface of rupture yields to the gravitational force. These forces are functions of geological and morphological factors, such as angle of internal friction, local slope gradient or curvature, which remain static over hundreds of years; whereas more dynamic triggering events, such as rainfall and earthquakes, compromise the force balance by temporarily reducing resisting forces or adding transient loads. This thesis investigates landslide distribution and orientation due to landslide triggers (e.g. rainfall) at different scales (6-4∙10^5 km^2) and aims to link rainfall movement with the landslide distribution. It additionally explores the local impacts of the extreme rainstorms on landsliding and the role of precursory stability conditions that could be induced by an earlier trigger, such as an earthquake. Extreme rainfall is a common landslide trigger. Although several studies assessed rainfall intensity and duration to study the distribution of thus triggered landslides, only a few case studies quantified spatial rainfall patterns (i.e. orographic effect). Quantifying the regional trajectories of extreme rainfall could aid predicting landslide prone regions in Japan. To this end, I combined a non-linear correlation metric, namely event synchronization, and radial statistics to assess the general pattern of extreme rainfall tracks over distances of hundreds of kilometers using satellite based rainfall estimates. Results showed that, although the increase in rainfall intensity and duration positively correlates with landslide occurrence, the trajectories of typhoons and frontal storms were insufficient to explain landslide distribution in Japan. Extreme rainfall trajectories inclined northwestwards and were concentrated along some certain locations, such as coastlines of southern Japan, which was unnoticed in the landslide distribution of about 5000 rainfall-triggered landslides. These landslides seemed to respond to the mean annual rainfall rates. Above mentioned findings suggest further investigation on a more local scale to better understand the mechanistic response of landscape to extreme rainfall in terms of landslides. On May 2016 intense rainfall struck southern Germany triggering high waters and landslides. The highest damage was reported at the Braunsbach, which is located on the tributary-mouth fan formed by the Orlacher Bach. Orlacher Bach is a ~3 km long creek that drains a catchment of about ~6 km^2. I visited this catchment in June 2016 and mapped 48 landslides along the creek. Such high landslide activity was not reported in the nearby catchments within ~3300 km^2, despite similar rainfall intensity and duration based on weather radar estimates. My hypothesis was that several landslides were triggered by rainfall-triggered flash floods that undercut hillslope toes along the Orlacher Bach. I found that morphometric features such as slope and curvature play an important role in landslide distribution on this micro scale study site (<10 km^2). In addition, the high number of landslides along the Orlacher Bach could also be boosted by accumulated damages on hillslopes due karst weathering over longer time scales. Precursory damages on hillslopes could also be induced by past triggering events that effect landscape evolution, but this interaction is hard to assess independently from the latest trigger. For example, an earthquake might influence the evolution of a landscape decades long, besides its direct impacts, such as landslides that follow the earthquake. Here I studied the consequences of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake (MW 7.1) that triggered some 1500 landslides in an area of ~4000 km^2 in central Kyushu, Japan. Topography, i.e. local slope and curvature, both amplified and attenuated seismic waves, thus controlling the failure mechanism of those landslides (e.g. progressive). I found that topography fails in explaining the distribution and the preferred orientation of the landslides after the earthquake; instead the landslides were concentrated around the northeast of the rupture area and faced mostly normal to the rupture plane. This preferred location of the landslides was dominated mainly by the directivity effect of the strike-slip earthquake, which is the propagation of wave energy along the fault in the rupture direction; whereas amplitude variations of the seismic radiation altered the preferred orientation. I suspect that the earthquake directivity and the asymmetry of seismic radiation damaged hillslopes at those preferred locations increasing landslide susceptibility. Hence a future weak triggering event, e.g. scattered rainfall, could further trigger landslides at those damaged hillslopes. N2 - Hangrutschungen treten häufig in steilem Gelände auf, wenn die Erdanziehungskraft die Scherkräfte an der Oberfläche übersteigt. Diese Kräfte beinhalten geologische und geomorphologische Faktoren wie den Reibungswinkel oder die Neigung und Krümmung von Hängen, die über Jahrhunderte statisch bleiben können. Dynamische Ereignisse wie Regenfälle und Erdbeben können hingegen das Kräftegleichgewicht beeinträchtigen, indem sie Widerstandskräfte vorübergehend reduzieren oder Lasten temporär hinzufügen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Verteilung und Orientierung von Hangrutschungen in Abhängigkeit von Auslösern (z.B. Niederschlag) auf verschiedenen Skalenebenen (6-4∙10^5 km^2) und verknüpft die Bewegung des Niederschlagssystems mit der Hangrutschungsverteilung. Zudem werden lokale Auswirkungen von extremen Gewittern auf Hangrutschungen untersucht, sowie vorausgehende Stabilitätsbedingungen, die durch ein früheres Ereignis, beispielsweise ein Erdbeben, verändert werden können. Extremer Niederschlag ist ein weithin bekannter Auslöser für Hangrutschungen. Obwohl mehrere Studien die Verteilung von Hangrutschungen mit der Niederschlagsintensität und -dauer verglichen haben, beachteten nur wenige Fallstudien das räumliche Bewegungsmuster des Niederschlags, i.e. den orographischen Effekt. Eine solche Quantifizierung könnte die Vorhersage von hangrutschungsgefährdete Regionen in Japan verbessern. Hierfür habe ich ein nicht-lineares Korrelationsmaß (event synchronization) auf regionale Sturmbahnen in Japan angewendet, um deren räumliche Verteilung durch satellitengestützen Regenschätzungen nachzuvollziehen. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass sich die Verteilung von Hangrutschungen nur unzureichend mit den Zugbahnen von Taifunen und Sturmtiefen erklären lässt. Die Stabilität von Hängen scheint mehr durch mittlere Jahresniederschlagsmengen beeinflusst zu werden. Erzielte Ergebnisse zeigen, dass weitere Untersuchungen auf lokaler Ebene nötig sind, um die unmittelbare Auswirkungen von Extremniederschlägen auf Hangstabilität und -rutschungen besser zu verstehen. Im Mai 2016 kam es in Süddeutschland zu einem heftigen Gewitter, das Hochwasser und Hangrutschungen ausgelöst hat. Der höchste Schaden wurde in Braunsbach, dessen Zentrum sich am Zufluss des Orlacher Bachs befindet, gemeldet. Der Orlacher Bach ist ~3 lang und hat ein Einzugsgebiet von etwa ~6 km^2. Ich habe dieses Einzugsgebiet im Juni 2016 besucht und 48 Hangrutschungen entlang des Baches kartiert. Ich vermutete, dass mehrere Hangrutschungen durch Sturzfluten ausgelöst wurden, welche die Hänge entlang des Orlacher Baches unterspülten. Ich stellte fest, dass morphometrische Merkmale wie die lokale Hangneigung und -krümmung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Hangrutschungsverteilung auf dieser Mikroskala spielen (<10 km^2). Darüber hinaus könnte die hohe Anzahl von Hangrutschungen am Orlacher Bach auch durch Karstverwitterung über längere Zeiträume verstärkt werden. Zahlreiche in der Vergangenheit liegende Ereignisse können die Stabilität eines Hanges beeinflussen. Der Einfluss solcher Ereignisse ist nur sehr schwer unabhängig voneinander abschätzbar. Beispielseise könnte ein Erdbeben die Entwicklung einer Landschaft über Jahrzehnte hin beeinflussen. Hier erforsche ich die Folgen des Kumamoto-Erdbebens 2016 (MW 7.1) das im Zentrum von Kyushu, Japan, ca. 1500 Hangrutschungen in einem Gebiet von ~4000 km^2 ausgelöst hat. Die Topographie (Hangneigung und -krümmung) verstärkte schwächte seismische Wellen gleichermaßen ab, wodurch der Auslösemechanismus dieser Hangrutschungen (z.B. progressiv) gesteuert wird. Ich konnte belegen, dass die Topographie die Verteilung und die bevorzugte Ausrichtung der Hangrutsche nach dem Erdbeben nicht erklären kann; stattdessen waren die Hangrutschungen um den Nordosten des Bruchgebiets herum konzentriert und standen meist senkrecht zur Bruchfläche. Diese bevorzugte Lage der Erdrutsche wurde hauptsächlich durch den Richtwirkungseffekt des Blattverschiebung-Erdbebens dominiert. Bei diesem handelt es sich um die Ausbreitung der Wellenenergie entlang des Bruches in Bruchrichtung, während Amplitudenvariationen der seismischen Strahlung die bevorzugte Orientierung ändern. Ich vermute, dass die Richtwirkung des Erdbebens und die Asymmetrie der seismischen Strahlung die Hangneigung an diesen bevorzugten Stellen schädigten und die Anfälligkeit für Hangrutschungen erhöhten. Daher könnte ein zukünftiges schwaches Ereignis wie z.B. ein unbedeutender Niederschlag an diesen beschädigten Hängen weitere Hangrutschungen auslösen. KW - landslides KW - complex networks KW - event synchronization KW - typhoons KW - Kumamoto earthquake KW - Braunsbach flash flood KW - Hangrutschungen KW - komplexes Netzwerk KW - Synchronisation von Ereignissen KW - Taifune KW - Kumamoto Erdbeben KW - Braunsbach Sturzflut Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426439 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Özer, Aydan A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Affinity to host population stimulates physical growth in adult offspring of Turkish migrants in Germany JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology JF - Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Because of political conflicts and climate change, migration will be increased worldwide and integration in host societies is a challenge also for migrants. We hypothesize that migrants, who take up the challenge in a new social environment are taller than migrants who do not pose this challenge. We analyze by a questionnaire possible social, nutritional and ethnic influencing factors to body height (BH) of adult offspring of Turkish migrants (n = 82, 39 males) aged from 18 to 34 years (mean age 24.6 years). The results of multiple regression (downward selection) show that the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the Turkish culture, the smaller he is (95% CI, -3.79, -0.323). Further, the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the German culture, the taller he is (95% CI, -0.152, 1.738). We discussed it comparable to primates taking up their challenge in dominance, where as a result their body size increase is associated with higher IGF-1 level. IGF-1 is associated with emotional belonging and has a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolism and growth of the human body. With all pilot characteristics of our study results show that the successful challenge of integration in a new society is strongly associated with the emotional integration and identification in the sense of a personal sense of belonging to society. We discuss taller BH as a signal of social growth adjustment. In this sense, a secular trend of BH adaptation of migrants to hosts is a sign of integration. KW - height of Turkish migrants KW - social identification KW - strategic growth adjustments Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2018/0825 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 IS - 5 SP - 359 EP - 364 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Özcan, Orkan A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Musaoglu, Nebiye T1 - Impact of the Ataturk Dam Lake on Agro-Meteorological Aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey JF - Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing N2 - In this study, the spatial and temporal impacts of the Ataturk Dam on agro-meteorological aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia region have been investigated. Change detection and environmental impacts due to water-reserve changes in Ataturk Dam Lake have been determined and evaluated using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imageries and meteorological datasets within a period of 1984-2011. These time series have been evaluated for three time periods. Dam construction period constitutes the first part of the study. Land cover/use changes especially on agricultural fields under the Ataturk Dam Lake and its vicinity have been identified between the periods of 1984-1992. The second period comprises the 10-year period after the completion of filling up the reservoir in 1992. At this period, Landsat and meteorological time-series analyses are examined to assess the impact of the Ataturk Dam Lake on selected irrigated agricultural areas. For the last 9-year period from 2002 to 2011, the relationships between seasonal water-reserve changes and irrigated plains under changing climatic factors primarily driving vegetation activity (monthly, seasonal, and annual fluctuations of rainfall rate, air temperature, humidity) on the watershed have been investigated using a 30-year meteorological time series. The results showed that approximately 368 km(2) of agricultural fields have been affected because of inundation due to the Ataturk Dam Lake. However, irrigated agricultural fields have been increased by 56.3% of the total area (1552 of 2756 km(2)) on Harran Plain within the period of 1984-2011. KW - Ataturk Dam Lake KW - Harran Plain KW - Landsat time-series KW - Tasseled Cap transformation KW - Disturbance index Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-017-0703-9 SN - 0255-660X SN - 0974-3006 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 471 EP - 481 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Öner, Ibrahim Halil A1 - Querebillo, Christine Joy A1 - David, Christin A1 - Gernert, Ulrich A1 - Walter, Carsten A1 - Driess, Matthias A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Ly, Khoa Hoang A1 - Weidinger, Inez M. T1 - High electromagnetic field enhancement of TiO2 nanotube electrodes JF - Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition N2 - We present the fabrication of TiO2 nanotube electrodes with high biocompatibility and extraordinary spectroscopic properties. Intense surface-enhanced resonance Raman signals of the heme unit of the redox enzyme Cytochromeb(5) were observed upon covalent immobilization of the protein matrix on the TiO2 surface, revealing overall preserved structural integrity and redox behavior. The enhancement factor could be rationally controlled by varying the electrode annealing temperature, reaching a record maximum value of over 70 at 475 degrees C. For the first time, such high values are reported for non-directly surface-interacting probes, for which the involvement of charge-transfer processes in signal amplification can be excluded. The origin of the surface enhancement is exclusively attributed to enhanced localized electric fields resulting from the specific optical properties of the nanotubular geometry of the electrode. KW - electromagnetic field enhancement KW - photonic crystals KW - spectro-electrochemistry KW - surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy KW - TiO2 nanotubes Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201802597 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 VL - 57 IS - 24 SP - 7225 EP - 7229 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zöller, Gert A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Reply to “Comment on ‘The Maximum Possible and the Maximum Expected Earthquake Magnitude for Production‐Induced Earthquakes at the Gas Field in Groningen, The Netherlands’ by Gert Zöller and Matthias Holschneider” by Mathias Raschke T2 - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170131 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 108 IS - 2 SP - 1029 EP - 1030 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Gert T1 - A statistical model for earthquake recurrence based on the assimilation of paleoseismicity, historic seismicity, and instrumental seismicity JF - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth N2 - Paleoearthquakes and historic earthquakes are the most important source of information for the estimation of long-term earthquake recurrence intervals in fault zones, because corresponding sequences cover more than one seismic cycle. However, these events are often rare, dating uncertainties are enormous, and missing or misinterpreted events lead to additional problems. In the present study, I assume that the time to the next major earthquake depends on the rate of small and intermediate events between the large ones in terms of a clock change model. Mathematically, this leads to a Brownian passage time distribution for recurrence intervals. I take advantage of an earlier finding that under certain assumptions the aperiodicity of this distribution can be related to the Gutenberg-Richter b value, which can be estimated easily from instrumental seismicity in the region under consideration. In this way, both parameters of the Brownian passage time distribution can be attributed with accessible seismological quantities. This allows to reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of the mean recurrence interval, especially for short paleoearthquake sequences and high dating errors. Using a Bayesian framework for parameter estimation results in a statistical model for earthquake recurrence intervals that assimilates in a simple way paleoearthquake sequences and instrumental data. I present illustrative case studies from Southern California and compare the method with the commonly used approach of exponentially distributed recurrence times based on a stationary Poisson process. KW - statistical seismology KW - paleoearthquakes KW - stochastic models KW - seismic hazard Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB015099 SN - 2169-9313 SN - 2169-9356 VL - 123 IS - 6 SP - 4906 EP - 4921 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zwieback, Simon A1 - Kokelj, Steven V. A1 - Günther, Frank A1 - Boike, Julia A1 - Grosse, Guido A1 - Hajnsek, Irena T1 - Sub-seasonal thaw slump mass wasting is not consistently energy limited at the landscape scale JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Predicting future thaw slump activity requires a sound understanding of the atmospheric drivers and geomorphic controls on mass wasting across a range of timescales. On sub-seasonal timescales, sparse measurements indicate that mass wasting at active slumps is often limited by the energy available for melting ground ice, but other factors such as rainfall or the formation of an insulating veneer may also be relevant. To study the sub-seasonal drivers, we derive topographic changes from single-pass radar interferometric data acquired by the TanDEM-X satellites. The estimated elevation changes at 12m resolution complement the commonly observed planimetric retreat rates by providing information on volume losses. Their high vertical precision (around 30 cm), frequent observations (11 days) and large coverage (5000 km(2)) allow us to track mass wasting as drivers such as the available energy change during the summer of 2015 in two study regions. We find that thaw slumps in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Canada, are not energy limited in June, as they undergo limited mass wasting (height loss of around 0 cm day 1) despite the ample available energy, suggesting the widespread presence of early season insulating snow or debris veneer. Later in summer, height losses generally increase (around 3 cm day 1), but they do so in distinct ways. For many slumps, mass wasting tracks the available energy, a temporal pattern that is also observed at coastal yedoma cliffs on the Bykovsky Peninsula, Russia. However, the other two common temporal trajectories are asynchronous with the available energy, as they track strong precipitation events or show a sudden speed-up in late August respectively. The observed temporal patterns are poorly related to slump characteristics like the headwall height. The contrasting temporal behaviour of nearby thaw slumps highlights the importance of complex local and temporally varying controls on mass wasting. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018 SN - 1994-0416 SN - 1994-0424 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 549 EP - 564 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER -