TY - JOUR A1 - Behm, David G. A1 - Alizadeh, Shahab A1 - Hadjizedah Anvar, Saman A1 - Hanlon, Courtney A1 - Ramsay, Emma A1 - Mahmoud, Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim A1 - Whitten, Joseph A1 - Fisher, James P. A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Steele, James T1 - Non-local muscle fatigue effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance in healthy individuals BT - a systematic review with meta-analysis JF - Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal N2 - Background The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. Objective To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Search and Inclusion A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. Results The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q((277)) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I-2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. Conclusions Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3 SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 51 IS - 9 SP - 1893 EP - 1907 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ronkainen, Noora J. A1 - Pesola, Arto J. A1 - Tikkanen, Olli A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Continuity and discontinuity of sport and exercise type during the COVID-19 pandemic BT - An exploratory study of effects on mood JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small. KW - exercise behavior KW - being-in-the-world KW - lockdown KW - worldmaking KW - profile of KW - mood states KW - existential philosophy KW - affect Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622876 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ke A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Zech, Hilmar G. A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Automatic approach behaviors in alcohol dependence: does a cognitive bias modification training affect Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects? JF - Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG) N2 - Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias. KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer KW - alcohol approach bias KW - cognitive bias modification KW - alcohol dependence KW - relapse Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000526805 SN - 0302-282X SN - 1423-0224 VL - 81 IS - 5 SP - 387 EP - 402 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brauer, Katharina A1 - Wulff, Hagen A1 - Pawellek, Sabine A1 - Ziegeldorf, Alexandra T1 - Network analysis for a community-based school- and family-based obesity prevention program JF - Healthcare : open access journal N2 - Rising childhood obesity with its detrimental health consequences poses a challenge to the health care system. Community-based, multi-setting interventions with the participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders are emerging as promising. To gain insights into the structural and processual characteristics of stakeholder networks, conducting a network analysis (NA) is advisable. Within the program "Family+-Healthy Living Together in Families and Schools", a network analysis was conducted in two rural model regions and one urban model region. Relevant stakeholders were identified in 2020-2021 through expert interviews and interviewed by telephone to elicit key variables such as frequency of contact and intensity of collaboration. Throughout the NA, characteristics such as density, centrality, and connectedness were analyzed and are presented graphically. Due to the differences in the number of inhabitants and the rural or urban structure of the model regions, the three networks (network#1, network#2, and network#3) included 20, 14, and 12 stakeholders, respectively. All networks had similar densities (network#1, 48%; network#2, 52%; network#3, 42%), whereas the degree centrality of network#1 (0.57) and network#3 (0.58) was one-third higher compared with network#2 (0.39). All three networks differed in the distribution of stakeholders in terms of field of expertise and structural orientation. On average, stakeholders exchanged information quarterly and were connected on an informal level. Based on the results of the NA, it appears to be useful to initialize a community health facilitator to involve relevant stakeholders from the education, sports, and health systems in projects and to strive for the goal of sustainable health promotion, regardless of the rural or urban structure of the region. Participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders can have a positive influence on the effective dissemination of information and networking with other stakeholders. KW - public health KW - children KW - stakeholder KW - collaboration KW - network analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081501 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saidi, Karim A1 - Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf A1 - Hackney, Anthony C. A1 - Bideau, Benoit A1 - Zouita, Sghaeir A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Zouhal, Hassane T1 - Hematology, hormones, inflammation, and muscle damage in elite and professional soccer players BT - a systematic review with implications for exercise JF - Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal N2 - Background Knowledge of the long-term effects of soccer training on hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance may help to better design strength and conditioning programs for performance development and injury prevention for the individual player and the team. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and discuss evidence on the long-term effects of soccer training on selected hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in elite and professional soccer players. A second goal was to investigate associations between selected physiological markers and measures of performance. Methods Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until August 2020 to identify articles related to soccer training effects. To be included in this systematic review, studies had to examine male elite (national level) and/or professional (international level) soccer players aged > 17 years and a soccer training period > 4 weeks, and report outcomes related to hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, muscle damage, and performance markers. Results The search syntax initially identified 2420 records. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 eligible studies were included in this systematic review, with training durations lasting between 4 and 18 weeks in 15 studies, around 6 months in four studies, and around 1 year in one study. Effects of long-term soccer training revealed parameter-specific increases or decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance. Two studies showed a moderate increase in hematological markers such as hemoglobin (effect size [ES] = 0.67-0.93). Parameter-specific changes were noted for hormonal markers in the form of increases for total testosterone (ES = 0.20-0.67) and free testosterone (FT) (ES = 0.20-0.65) and decreases for cortisol (ES = - 0.28 to - 1.31). Finally, moderate to very large increases were found for muscle damage markers such as creatine kinase (ES = 0.94-6.80) and physical performance such as countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES = 0.50-1.11) and squat jump (SJ) height (ES = 0.65-1.28). After long-term periods of soccer training, significant positive correlations were found between percentage change (Delta%) in FT and Delta% in CMJ height (r = 0.94; p = 0.04) and between Delta% in total testosterone/cortisol (TT/C) ratio and Delta% in SJ (r = 0.89; p = 0.03). Conclusions Findings suggest that long-term soccer training induces increases/decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in male elite and professional soccer players. These fluctuations can be explained by different contextual factors (e.g., training load, duration of training, psychological factors, mood state). Interestingly, the observed changes in hormonal parameters (FT and TT/C) were related to vertical jump performance changes (e.g., CMJ and SJ). Anabolic hormones and TT/C can possibly be used as a tool to identify physical performance alteration after long-term soccer training. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01522-w SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 51 IS - 12 SP - 2607 EP - 2627 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinen, Darlene A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Fydrich, Thomas A1 - Ströhle, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Vogel, Heike T1 - Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients JF - BMC public health N2 - Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels. Methods Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period. Results Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels. Conclusion Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels. Trial registration The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015. KW - Depression KW - Leptin levels KW - Exercise KW - Body fat Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4 SN - 1471-2458 VL - 23 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruppa, Philipp A1 - Georgiou, Iakovos A1 - Schmidt, Jeremias A1 - Infanger, Manfred A1 - Ghods, Mojtaba T1 - A 10-year retrospective before-and-after study of lipedema surgery: patient-reported lipedema-associated symptom improvement after multistage liposuction JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery N2 - Background: Despite an increasing demand for surgical treatment of lipedema, the evidence for liposuction is still limited. Little is known about the influence of disease stage, patient age, body mass index, or existing comorbidities on clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that younger patients with lower body mass index and stage would report better results. Methods: This retrospective, single-center, noncomparative study included lipedema patients who underwent liposuction between July of 2009 and July of 2019. After a minimum of 6 months since the last surgery, all patients completed a disease-related questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the need for complex decongestive therapy based on a composite score. Secondary endpoints were the severity of disease-related complaints measured on a visual analogue scale. Results: One hundred six patients underwent a total of 298 large-volume liposuctions (mean lipoaspirate, 6355 +/- 2797 ml). After a median follow-up of 20 months, a median complex decongestive therapy score reduction of 37.5 percent (interquartile range, 0 to 88.8 percent; p < 0.0001) was observed. An improvement in lipedema-associated symptoms was also observed (p < 0.0001). The percentage reduction in complex decongestive therapy scores was greater in patients with a body mass index less than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) (p < 0.0001) and in stage I and II patients (p = 0.0019). Conclusion: Liposuction reduces the severity of symptoms and the need for conservative treatment in lipedema patients, especially if it is performed in patients with a body mass index below 35 kg/m(2) at an early stage of the disease. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008880 SN - 0032-1052 SN - 1529-4242 VL - 149 IS - 3 SP - 529E EP - 541E PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mückstein, Marie A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Brahms, Markus A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Stelzel, Christine T1 - Modality-specific effects of mental fatigue in multitasking JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - The mechanisms underlying increased dual-task costs in the comparison of modality compatible stimulus -response mappings (e.g., visual-manual, auditory-vocal) and modality incompatible mappings (e.g., visual -vocal, auditory-manual) remain elusive. To investigate whether additional control mechanisms are at work in simultaneously processing two modality incompatible mappings, we applied a transfer logic between both types of dual-task mappings in the context of a mental fatigue induction. We expected an increase in dual-task costs for both modality mappings after a fatigue induction with modality compatible tasks. In contrast, we expected an additional, selective increase in modality incompatible dual-task costs after a fatigue induction with modality incompatible tasks. We tested a group of 45young individuals (19-30 years) in an online pre-post design, in which participants were assigned to one of three groups. The two fatigue groups completed a 90-min time-on -task intervention with a dual task comprising either compatible or incompatible modality mappings. The third group paused for 90 min as a passive control group. Pre and post-session contained single and dual tasks in both modality mappings for all participants. In addition to behavioral performance measurements, seven subjective items (effort, focus, subjective fatigue, motivation, frustration, mental and physical capacity) were analyzed. Mean dual-task performance during and after the intervention indicated a practice effect instead of the presumed fatigue effect for all three groups. The modality incompatible intervention group showed a selective performance improvement for the modality incompatible mapping but no transfer to the modality compatible dual task. In contrast, the compatible intervention group showed moderately improved performance in both modality map-pings. Still, participants reported increased subjective fatigue and reduced motivation after the fatigue inter-vention. This dynamic interplay of training and fatigue effects suggests that high control demands were involved in the prolonged performance of a modality incompatible dual task, which are separable from modality compatible dual-task demands. KW - dual task KW - modality compatibility KW - crosstalk KW - executive control KW - practice Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103766 SN - 0001-6918 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 230 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tabori, Harold A1 - Schneider, Jochen A1 - Lüth, Stefan A1 - Zagoya, Carlos A1 - Barucha, Anton A1 - Lehmann, Thomas A1 - Kauf, Eberhard A1 - Barth, Astrid A1 - Mainz, Jochen G. T1 - Elevated levels of toxic bile acids in serum of cystic fibrosis patients with CFTR mutations causing pancreatic insufficiency JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Hepatobiliary involvement is a hallmark in cystic fibrosis (CF), as the causative CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) defect is expressed in the biliary tree. However, bile acid (BA) compositions in regard to pancreatic insufficiency, which is present at an early stage in about 85% of CF patients, have not been satisfactorily understood. We assess the pattern of serum BAs in people with CF (pwCF) without CFTR modulator therapy in regard to pancreatic insufficiency and the CFTR genotype. In 47 pwCF, 10 free and 12 taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs in serum were prospectively assessed. Findings were related to genotype, pancreatic insufficiency prevalence (PIP)-score, and hepatic involvement indicated by serum liver enzymes, as well as clinical and ultrasound criteria for CF-related liver disease. Serum concentrations of total primary BAs and free cholic acid (CA) were significantly higher in pwCF with higher PIP-scores (p = 0.025, p = 0.009, respectively). Higher total BAs were seen in pwCF with PIP-scores >= 0.88 (p = 0.033) and with pancreatic insufficiency (p = 0.034). Free CA was higher in patients with CF-related liver involvement without cirrhosis, compared to pwCF without liver disease (2.3-fold, p = 0.036). pwCF with severe CFTR genotypes, as assessed by the PIP-score, reveals more toxic BA compositions in serum. Subsequent studies assessing changes in BA homeostasis during new highly effective CFTR-modulating therapies are of high interest. KW - cystic fibrosis KW - CF liver disease KW - hepatic KW - biliary KW - bile acid KW - high performance liquid chromatography Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012436 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaap-Deeder, Jolene van der A1 - Sánchez Fernàndez, Alba Cristina A1 - Johannessen, Maria Regine Aasland A1 - Stenseng, Frode A1 - Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - The validation of the Norwegian basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale: a stratified sampling procedure JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - This study aimed to validate the Norwegian version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) and to examine its relations with indicators of well-being and ill-being. Additionally, despite the vast number of studies employing the BPNSFS, norms related to the BPNSFS are currently lacking. Therefore, we also aimed to provide normative data for this scale. Data were collected among a representative sample of 326 participants (M age = 42.90 years, SD = 14.76; range 18-70) in Norway, of which 49.7% was female. Results yielded evidence for a six-factor structure (i.e., combining satisfaction/frustration with the type of need) and showed the subscales to be highly reliable. Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that both need satisfaction and need frustration related strongly to vitality, life satisfaction, and internalizing symptoms, but in opposite ways. Norm scores were provided, thereby differentiating between women and men and different age groups. These findings support the use of the Norwegian BPNSFS and provide researchers and professionals with normative data on the most widely used tool to assess individuals' satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. KW - basic psychological needs KW - self-determination theory KW - mental health KW - validation study KW - basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032006 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -