TY - JOUR A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Schwerhoff, Gregor A1 - Waha, Katharina T1 - Land tenure, climate and risk management JF - Ecological economics N2 - We analyze to what extent climate conditions affect the prevalence of sharecropping as a form of traditional land tenure. We investigate how sharecropping tenure is related to climate risk and how it interacts with fertilizer use and livestock ownership that both influence production risk. We first develop a stylized theoretical model to illustrate the role of climate for land tenure and production. Our empirical analysis is based on more than 9000 households with considerable heterogeneity in climate conditions across several African countries. We find that farmers in areas with low precipitation are more likely to be sharecroppers. We further find evidence for risk management interaction effects as sharecropping farmers are less likely to own livestock and more likely to use fertilizer. In economies where formal kinds of insurance are unavailable, sharecropping thus functions as a form of insurance and reduces the need for potentially costly risk management strategies. KW - traditional land tenure KW - climate KW - risk management KW - agriculture KW - Africa KW - sharecropping Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106573 SN - 0921-8009 SN - 1873-6106 VL - 171 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Requate, Tilman A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph T1 - How assets get stranded BT - the impact of climate policy on capital and fossil fuel owners : introduction to the JEEM special section on climate policy and political economy JF - Journal of environmental economics and management N2 - Internalizing external costs of carbon is a fundamental goal of climate policy. Since the seminal work of Arthur Pigou in 1920, economic theory has analyzed the efficiency gains arising from various instruments that internalize externalities and lead to Pareto-improvements. It is widely recognized in environmental economics that a carbon price would effectively reflect the scarcity of the atmospheric disposal space for carbon depending on the temperature target that is to be achieved. The question of how to organize the transition process, i.e. moving from inefficient to efficient allocations, and implementing the necessary policies, has gained increasing attention in recent years. Arguably, the transition process is tightly interwoven with political processes that include complex interactions between societal stakeholders, such as households and firms, on the one hand, and political decision makers, on the other. Accordingly, understanding political-economy aspects of the transition process, including distributional outcomes, is becoming increasingly relevant. While a growing literature discusses the distributional implications of climate policy on households, it is less well understood how asset owners might be affected by climate policy and how these potential impacts would interact with the transition process. This Special Section focuses on public policy challenges related to this transition problem, with special emphasis on asset owners. A core theme is the special role of stranded assets, i.e. a devaluation of capital stocks or financial assets either by introducing a stringent carbon price or by omitting a pre-announced policy of this kind. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102300 SN - 0095-0696 SN - 1096-0449 VL - 100 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Gaspreisdeckel, Mehrwertsteuersenkung, Energiepauschale BT - wie kann die Bevölkerung zielgenau und schnell entlastet werden? Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/C18_MCC_Publications/2022_MCC_Gaspreise_und_Entlastungsma%C3%9Fnahmen.pdf PB - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Otto, Christian A1 - Piontek, Franziska A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Frieler, Katja T1 - Event-based models to understand the scale of the impact of extremes T2 - Nature energy N2 - Climate change entails an intensification of extreme weather events that can potentially trigger socioeconomic and energy system disruptions. As we approach 1 degrees C of global warming we should start learning from historical extremes and explicitly incorporate such events in integrated climate-economy and energy systems models. KW - Climate-change impacts KW - Energy economics KW - Socioeconomic scenarios Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0562-4 SN - 2058-7546 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 114 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kellner, Maximilian A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - Entlastungspakete für Energiepreisanstiege BT - Auswirkungen und Nachbesserungsbedarf Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/user_upload/Kalkuhl/2022_MCC_Entlastungspakete_fuer_Energiepreisanstiege_.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6617130 PB - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Kellner, Maximilian A1 - Stüber, Sophia A1 - Haywood, Luke A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Effects of the energy price crisis on households in Germany BT - socio-political challenges and policy options Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/C18_MCC_Publications/2022_MCC_Effects_of_the_energy_price_crisis_on_households.pdf PB - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Missbach, Leonard A1 - Ohlendorf, Nils A1 - Feindt, Simon A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - Effects of the energy price crisis on European households BT - socio-political challenges and policy options Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/C18_MCC_Publications/2022_MCC_Effects_of_the_energy_price_crisis_on_European_households.pdf PB - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedova, Barbora A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Mendelsohn, Robert T1 - Distributional impacts of weather and climate in rural India JF - Economics of disasters and climate change N2 - Climate-related costs and benefits may not be evenly distributed across the population. We study distributional implications of seasonal weather and climate on within-country inequality in rural India. Utilizing a first difference approach, we find that the poor are more sensitive to weather variations than the non-poor. The poor respond more strongly to (seasonal) temperature changes: negatively in the (warm) spring season, more positively in the (cold) rabi season. Less precipitation is harmful to the poor in the monsoon kharif season and beneficial in the winter and spring seasons. We show that adverse weather aggravates inequality by reducing consumption of the poor farming households. Future global warming predicted under RCP8.5 is likely to exacerbate these effects, reducing consumption of poor farming households by one third until the year 2100. We also find inequality in consumption across seasons with higher consumption during the harvest and lower consumption during the sowing seasons. KW - climate change KW - weather KW - inequality KW - household analysis KW - India KW - econometrics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-019-00051-1 SN - 2511-1280 SN - 2511-1299 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 44 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotz, Maximilian A1 - Wenz, Leonie A1 - Stechemesser, Annika A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Day-to-day temperature variability reduces economic growth JF - Nature climate change N2 - Elevated annual average temperature has been found to impact macro-economic growth. However, various fundamental elements of the economy are affected by deviations of daily temperature from seasonal expectations which are not well reflected in annual averages. Here we show that increases in seasonally adjusted day-to-day temperature variability reduce macro-economic growth independent of and in addition to changes in annual average temperature. Combining observed day-to-day temperature variability with subnational economic data for 1,537 regions worldwide over 40 years in fixed-effects panel models, we find that an extra degree of variability results in a five percentage-point reduction in regional growth rates on average. The impact of day-to-day variability is modulated by seasonal temperature difference and income, resulting in highest vulnerability in low-latitude, low-income regions (12 percentage-point reduction). These findings illuminate a new, global-impact channel in the climate–economy relationship that demands a more comprehensive assessment in both climate and integrated assessment models. KW - Climate change KW - Climate-change impacts KW - Economics KW - Environmental economics KW - Environmental impact Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00985-5 SN - 1758-678X SN - 1758-6798 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 319 EP - 325 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Ockenfels, Axel T1 - Das Klimaschutzprogramm der Bundesregierung BT - eine Wende der deutschen Klimapolitik? JF - Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik N2 - Das Klimaschutzgesetz hat einen Paradigmenwechsel eingeleitet: den Einstieg in eine CO2-Bepreisung als künftiges Leitinstrument der Klimapolitik. Auf den ersten Blick ist der CO2-Preis unter einer Fülle von Fördermaßnahmen und ordnungsrechtlichen Regelungen verschüttet, deren Wirksamkeit und Kosten höchst unsicher sind. Der CO2-Preis ist aber so angelegt, dass er langfristig das dominante Instrument einer europäisch harmonisierten Klimapolitik werden kann. Der angedeutete Paradigmenwechsel der deutschen Klimapolitik öffnet damit die Tür, die europäische und internationale Kooperation zu stärken. Dazu ist es aber notwendig, neben der europäischen auch die globale Klimapolitik neu auszurichten. Auch dort sollten sich die Verhandlungen statt auf nationale Mengenziele auf CO2-Preise konzentrieren. Die erforderliche Kooperation wird möglich, wenn die Regierungen Transferzahlungen strategisch und reziprok nutzen. So könnte die Effektivität der Klimapolitik erhöht werden und es ließen sich die entstehenden Verteilungskonflikte entschärfen. KW - Klimaschutzgesetz KW - CO2-Preis KW - Emissionshandel KW - internationale Kooperation KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimapolitik KW - Deutschland KW - EU Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2020-0001 SN - 1465-6493 SN - 1468-2516 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 18 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER -