TY - JOUR A1 - Petersen, Gesa Maria A1 - Niemz, Peter A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki A1 - Bocchini, Gian Maria T1 - Clusty, the waveform-based network similarity clustering toolbox BT - concept and application to image complex faulting offshore Zakynthos (Greece) JF - Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society N2 - Clusty is a new open source toolbox dedicated to earthquake clustering based on waveforms recorded across a network of seismic stations. Its main application is the study of active faults and the detection and characterization of faults and fault networks. By using a density-based clustering approach, earthquakes pertaining to a common fault can be recognized even over long fault segments, and the first-order geometry and extent of active faults can be inferred. Clusty implements multiple techniques to compute a waveform based network similarity from maximum cross-correlation coefficients at multiple stations. The clustering procedure is designed to be transparent and parameters can be easily tuned. It is supported by a number of analysis visualization tools which help to assess the homogeneity within each cluster and the differences among distinct clusters. The toolbox returns graphical representations of the results. A list of representative events and stacked waveforms facilitate further analyses like moment tensor inversion. Results obtained in various frequency bands can be combined to account for large magnitude ranges. Thanks to the simple configuration, the toolbox is easily adaptable to new data sets and to large magnitude ranges. To show the potential of our new toolbox, we apply Clusty to the aftershock sequence of the M-w 6.9 25 October 2018 Zakynthos (Greece) Earthquake. Thanks to the complex tectonic setting at the western termination of the Hellenic Subduction System where multiple faults and faulting styles operate simultaneously, the Zakynthos data set provides an ideal case-study for our clustering analysis toolbox. Our results support the activation of several faults and provide insight into the geometry of faults or fault segments. We identify two large thrust faulting clusters in the vicinity of the main shock and multiple strike-slip clusters to the east, west and south of these clusters. Despite its location within the largest thrust cluster, the main shock does not show a high waveform similarity to any of the clusters. This is consistent with the results of other studies suggesting a complex failure mechanism for the main shock. We propose the existence of conjugated strike-slip faults in the south of the study area. Our waveform similarity based clustering toolbox is able to reveal distinct event clusters which cannot be discriminated based on locations and/or timing only. Additionally, the clustering results allows distinction between fault and auxiliary planes of focal mechanisms and to associate them to known active faults. KW - Persistence KW - memory KW - correlations KW - clustering KW - Seismicity and tectonics KW - Fractures KW - faults KW - high strain deformation zones Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa568 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 224 IS - 3 SP - 2044 EP - 2059 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dey, Saptarshi A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Thiede, Rasmus C. A1 - Wittmann, Hella A1 - Chauhan, Naveen A1 - Jain, Vikrant A1 - Strecker, Manfred R. T1 - Impact of Late Pleistocene climate variability on paleo-erosion rates in the western Himalaya JF - Earth and planetary science letters N2 - It has been proposed that at short timescales of 10(2)-10(5) yr, climatic variability can explain variations in sediment flux, but in orogens with pronounced climatic gradients rate changes caused by the oscillating efficiency in rainfall, runoff, and/or sediment transport and deposition are still not well-constrained. To explore landscape responses under variable climatic forcing, we evaluate time windows of prevailing sediment aggradation and related paleo-erosion rates from the southern flanks of the Dhauladhar Range in the western Himalaya. We compare past and present Be-10-derived erosion rates of well-dated Late Pleistocene fluvial landforms and modern river sediments and reconstruct the sediment aggradation and incision history based on new luminescence data. Our results document significant variations in erosion rates ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene. We find that, during times of weak monsoon intensity, the moderately steep areas (hillslope angles of 27 +/- 13 degrees) erode at lower rates of 0.1-0.4 mm/yr compared to steeper (>40 degrees) crestal regions of the Dhauladhar Range that erode at 0.8-1.3 mm/yr. In contrast, during several millennia of stronger monsoon intensity, both the moderately steep and high slope areas record higher erosion rates (>1-3.4 mm/yr). Lithological clast-count analysis shows that this increase of erosion is focused in the moderately steep areas, where Lesser Himalayan rocks are exposed. Our data thus highlight the highly non-linear response of climatic forcing on landscape evolution and suggest complex depositional processes and sedimentary signals in downstream areas. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - erosion KW - cosmogenic nuclides KW - luminescence dating KW - Indian summer monsoon KW - Himalaya Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117326 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 578 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikolenko, Anna M. M. A1 - Stepanov, Konstantin M. M. A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Veksler, Ilya V. V. T1 - Crystallization of bastnasite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at 100 MPa JF - American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials N2 - Bastnsite [REE(CO3)F] is the main mineral of REE ore deposits in carbonatites. Synthetic bastnsite-like compounds were precipitated from aqueous solutions by many different methods, but previous attempts to model magmatic crystallization of bastnsite from hydrous calciocarbonatite melts were unsuccessful. Here we present the first experimental evidence that bastnsite and two other REE carbonates, burbankite, and lukechangite, can crystallize from carbonatite melt in the synthetic system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at temperatures between 580 and 850 degrees C and a pressure 100 MPa. The experiments on starting mixtures of reagent-grade CaCO3, Na2CO3, La-2(CO3)(3), and LaF3 were carried out in cold-seal rapid-quench pressure vessels. The studied system is an isobaric pseudoternary join of a quinary system where CO2 and fluorides act as independent components. Liquidus phases in the run products are calcite, nyerereite, Na carbonate, bastnsite, burbankite solid solution (Na,Ca)(3)(Ca,La)(3)(CO3)(5), and lukechangite Na3La2(CO3)(4)F. Calcite and bastnite form a eutectic in the boundary join La(CO3)F-CaCO3 at 780 +/- 20 degrees C and 58 wt% La(CO3)F. Phase equilibria in the boundary join La(CO3)F-Na2CO3 are complicated by peritectic reaction between Ca-free end-member of burbankite solid solution petersenite (Pet) and lukechangite (Luk) with liquid (L): Na4La2(CO3)(5) (Pet) + NaF (L) = Na3La2(CO3)(4)F (Luk) + Na2CO3 (Nc). The right-hand-side assemblage becomes stable below 600 +/- 20 degrees C. In ternary mixtures, bastnsite (Bst), burbankite (Bur), and calcite (Cc) are involved in another peritectic reaction: 2La(CO3)F (Bst) + CaCO3 (Cc) + 2Na(2)CO(3) (L) = Na2CaLa2(CO3)(5) (Bur) + 2NaF (L). Burbankite in equilibrium with calcite replaces bastnsite below 730 +/- 20 degrees C. Stable solidus assemblages in the pseudoternary system are: basnsite-burbankite-fluorite-calcite, basnasite-burbankite-fluorite-lukechangite, bastnsite-burbankite-lukechangite, burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereitecalcite, and burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereite-natrite. Addition of 10 wt% Ca-3(PO4)(2) to one of the ternary mixtures resulted in massive crystallization of La-bearing apatite and monazite and complete disappearance of bastnsite and burbankite. Our results confirm that REE-bearing phosphates are much more stable than carbonates and fluorocarbonates. Therefore, primary crystallization of the latter from common carbonatite magmas is unlikely. Possible exceptions are carbonatites at Mountain Pass that are characterized by very low P2O5 concentrations (usually at or below 0.5 wt%) and extremely high REE contents in the order of a few weight percent or more. In other carbonatites, bastnsite and burbankite probably crystallized from highly concentrated alkaline carbonate-chloride brines that were found in melt inclusions and are thought to be responsible for widespread fenitization around carbonatite bodies. KW - experimental petrology KW - carbonatite melts KW - REE ore deposits KW - Mountain Pass KW - Bayan Obo Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8064 SN - 0003-004X SN - 1945-3027 VL - 107 IS - 12 SP - 2242 EP - 2250 PB - Mineralogical Society of America CY - Washington, D.C. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilienkamp, Henning A1 - Lilienkamp, Thomas T1 - Detecting spiral wave tips using deep learning JF - Scientific reports N2 - The chaotic spatio-temporal electrical activity during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation is governed by the dynamics of vortex-like spiral or scroll waves. The organizing centers of these waves are called wave tips (2D) or filaments (3D) and they play a key role in understanding and controlling the complex and chaotic electrical dynamics. Therefore, in many experimental and numerical setups it is required to detect the tips of the observed spiral waves. Most of the currently used methods significantly suffer from the influence of noise and are often adjusted to a specific situation (e.g. a specific numerical cardiac cell model). In this study, we use a specific type of deep neural networks (UNet), for detecting spiral wave tips and show that this approach is robust against the influence of intermediate noise levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the UNet is trained with a pool of numerical cell models, spiral wave tips in unknown cell models can also be detected reliably, suggesting that the UNet can in some sense learn the concept of spiral wave tips in a general way, and thus could also be used in experimental situations in the future (ex-vivo, cell-culture or optogenetic experiments). Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99069-3 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Codeço, Marta S. A1 - Weis, Philipp A1 - Trumbull, Robert B. A1 - Van Hinsberg, Vincent A1 - Pinto, Filipe A1 - Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar A1 - Schleicher, Anja M. T1 - The imprint of hydrothermal fluids on trace-element contents in white mica and tourmaline from the Panasqueira W–Sn–Cu deposit, Portugal T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - White mica and tourmaline are the dominant hydrothermal alteration minerals at the world-class Panasqueira W-Sn-Cu deposit in Portugal. Thus, understanding the controls on their chemical composition helps to constrain ore formation processes at this deposit and determine their usefulness as pathfinder minerals for mineralization in general. We combine whole-rock geochemistry of altered and unaltered metasedimentary host rocks with in situ LA-ICP-MS measurements of tourmaline and white mica from the alteration halo. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to better identify geochemical patterns and trends of hydrothermal alteration in the datasets. The hydrothermally altered metasediments are enriched in As, Sn, Cs, Li, W, F, Cu, Rb, Zn, Tl, and Pb relative to unaltered samples. In situ mineral analyses show that most of these elements preferentially partition into white mica over tourmaline (Li, Rb, Cs, Tl, W, and Sn), whereas Zn is enriched in tourmaline. White mica has distinct compositions in different settings within the deposit (greisen, vein selvages, wall rock alteration zone, late fault zone), indicating a compositional evolution with time. In contrast, tourmaline from different settings overlaps in composition, which is ascribed to a stronger dependence on host rock composition and also to the effects of chemical zoning and microinclusions affecting the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Hence, in this deposit, white mica is the better recorder of the fluid composition. The calculated trace-element contents of the Panasqueira mineralizing fluid based on the mica data and estimates of mica-fluid partition coefficients are in good agreement with previous fluid-inclusion analyses. A compilation of mica and tourmaline trace-element compositions from Panasqueira and other W-Sn deposits shows that white mica has good potential as a pathfinder mineral, with characteristically high Li, Cs, Rb, Sn, and W contents. The trace-element contents of hydrothermal tourmaline are more variable. Nevertheless, the compiled data suggest that high Sn and Li contents are distinctive for tourmaline from W-Sn deposits. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1342 KW - alteration geochemistry KW - tourmaline KW - white mica KW - Panasqueira KW - Tungsten–tin deposits KW - magmatic-hydrothermal systems KW - trace elements Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519403 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1342 SP - 481 EP - 508 ER - TY - THES A1 - Skiba, Vanessa T1 - Alpine speleothems as recorders of glacier evolution T1 - Alpine Speläotheme als Archive für Gletscherentwicklung N2 - The European Alps are amongst the regions with highest glacier mass loss rates over the last decades. Under the threat of ongoing climate change, the ability to predict glacier mass balance changes for water and risk management purposes has become imperative. This raises an urgent need for reliable glacier models. The European Alps do not only host glaciers, but also numerous caves containing carbonate formations, called speleothems. Previous studies have shown that those speleothems also grew during times when the cave was covered by a warm-based glacier. In this thesis, I utilise speleothems from the European Alps as archives of local, environmental conditions related to mountain glacier evolution. Previous studies have shown that speleothem isotope data from the Alps can be strongly affected by in-cave processes. Therefore, part of this thesis focusses on developing an isotope evolution model, which successfully reproduces differences between contemporaneous growing speleothems. The model is used to propose correction approaches for prior calcite precipitation effects on speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Applications on speleothem records from caves outside of the Alps demonstrate that corrected δ18O agrees better with other records and climate model simulations. Existing speleothem growth histories and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from Alpine caves located at different elevations are used to infer soil vs. glacier cover and the thermal regime of the glacier over the last glacial cycle. The compatibility with glacier evolution models is statistically assessed. A general agreement between speleothem δ13C-derived information on soil vs. glacier presence and modelled glacier coverage is found. However, glacier retreat during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 seems to be underestimated by the model. Furthermore, speleothem data provides evidence of surface temperature above the freezing point which is, however, not fully reproduced by the simulations. History of glacier cover and their thermal regime is explored for the high-elevation cave system Melchsee-Frutt in the Swiss Alps. Based on new (MIS 9b – MIS 7b, MIS 2) and available speleothem δ13C (MIS 7a – 5d) data, warm-based glacier cover is inferred for MIS 8, 7d, 6, and 2. Also a short period of cold-based ice coverage is found for early MIS 6. In a detailed multi-proxy analysis (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca), millennial-scale changes in the glacier-related source of the water infiltrating in the karst during MIS 8 and 7d are found and linked to Northern Hemisphere climate variability. While speleothem records from high-elevation cave sites in the Alps exhibit huge potential for glacier reconstruction, several limitations remain, which are discussed throughout this thesis. Ultimately, recommendations are given to further leverage subglacial speleothems as an archive of glacier dynamics. N2 - Die europäischen Alpen gehören zu den Regionen mit den höchsten Massenverlusten von Gletschern innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte. Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels ist die Vorhersage von Veränderungen in der Gletschermassenbilanz für das Wasser- und Risikomanagement unerlässlich geworden. Dafür werden zuverlässige Gletschermodelle dringend benötigt. Die europäischen Alpen beherbergen nicht nur Gletscher, sondern auch zahlreiche Höhlen inklusive Karbonatformationen, so genannte Speläotheme. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass diese Speläotheme auch zu Zeiten entstanden sind, als die Höhle von einem Gletscher mit warmem Eis an der Basis bedeckt war. In dieser Dissertation verwende ich Speläotheme aus den europäischen Alpen als Archive für lokale Bedingungen im Zusammenhang mit der Evolution von Gebirgsgletschern. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Isotopenzusammensetzung von Speläothemen aus den Alpen stark durch höhleninterne Prozesse beeinflusst werden können. Daher konzentriert sich ein Teil dieser Arbeit auf die Entwicklung eines Isotopenmodells, welches die Unterschiede zwischen gleichzeitig wachsenden Speläothemen erfolgreich reproduziert. Das Modell wird verwendet um Korrekturen der Auswirkungen solcher höhleninternen Prozesse auf die Sauerstoffisotope (δ18O) von Speläothemen vorzuschlagen. Die Anwendung auf Speläotheme aus Höhlen außerhalb der Alpen zeigt, dass das korrigierte δ18O besser mit anderen Datensätzen und Klimamodellsimulationen übereinstimmt. Bestehende Daten über die Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen und die Kohlenstoffisotope (δ13C) von Höhlen der Alpen aus verschiedenen Höhenlagen werden verwendet, um Rückschlüsse auf die Gletscherbedeckung und deren thermisches Regime während der letzten Eiszeit zu ziehen. Die Kompatibilität mit Modellen der zeitlichen Gletscherentwicklung wird statistisch bewertet. Es zeigt sich eine allgemeine Übereinstimmung zwischen dem aus den Speläothemen δ13C abgeleiteten Auftreten von Gletschern und der modellierten Gletscherbedeckung. Jedoch scheint der Gletscherrückgang während dem Isotopenstadium (MIS) 3 vom Modell unterschätzt zu werden. Darüber hinaus liefern die Speläothem Daten einen Hinweis auf Oberflächentemperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunkts, die von den Simulationen jedoch nicht vollständig wiedergegeben werden. Die Geschichte der Gletscherbedeckung und des thermischen Regimes der Gletscher wird für das hochgelegene Höhlensystem Melchsee-Frutt in den Schweizer Alpen genauer untersucht. Auf der Grundlage neuer (MIS 9b - MIS 7b, MIS 2) und verfügbarer δ13C Daten (MIS 7a - 5d) wird für MIS 8, 7d, 6 und 2 auf Gletscherbedeckung mit warmem Eis an der Basis an diesem Standort geschlossen. Es gibt außerdem Hinweise auf eine kurze Periode einer Eisbedeckung mit kaltem Eis während einer tausendjährigen Kälteperiode im vorletzten Glazial. In einer detaillierten Multi-Proxy-Analyse (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca und Sr/Ca) werden tausendjährige Schwankungen der gletscherabhängigen Quelle des in den Karst infiltrierenden Wassers während MIS 8 und 7d rekonstruiert und in Verbindung mit Klimavariabilität in der Nordhemisphäre gebracht. Obwohl Speläothem-Daten aus hochgelegenen Höhlen in den Alpen ein enormes Potenzial für Gletscherrekonstruktion aufweisen, gibt es noch immer Einschränkungen, die in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls diskutiert werden. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zur weiteren Nutzung von subglazialen Speläothemen als Archiv für Gletscherdynamik gegeben. KW - palaeoclimate KW - Paläoklima KW - glacier KW - Gletscher KW - speleothem KW - Speläothem KW - Alps KW - Alpen KW - glacials KW - Eiszeiten KW - abrupt transitions KW - abrupte Ereignisse Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-655379 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermann, Anne A1 - Sanchez-Pastor, Pilar A1 - Wu, Sin-Mei A1 - Wollin, Christopher A1 - Baird, Alan F. A1 - Isken, Marius Paul A1 - Clinton, John A1 - Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Wüstefeld, Andreas A1 - Shi, Peidong A1 - Lanza, Federica A1 - Gyger, Lea A1 - Wetter, Selina A1 - Hjorleifsdottir, Vala A1 - Langet, Nadege A1 - Brynjarsson, Baldur A1 - Jousset, Philippe A1 - Wiemer, Stefan T1 - Combined large-N seismic arrays and DAS fiber optic cables across the Hengill geothermal field, Iceland JF - Seismological research letters N2 - From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets. Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220073 SN - 0895-0695 SN - 1938-2057 VL - 93 IS - 5 SP - 2498 EP - 2514 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vyse, Stuart A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Pfalz, Gregor A1 - Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Nowaczyk, Norbert A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K. T1 - Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene BT - combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 16 SP - 4791 EP - 4816 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemanno, Giulia A1 - D'Amore, Maddalena A1 - Maturilli, Alessandro A1 - Helbert, Joern A1 - Arnold, Gabriele A1 - Korablev, Oleg A1 - Ignatiev, Nikolay A1 - Grigoriev, Alexei A1 - Shakun, Alexey A1 - Trokhimovskiy, Alexander T1 - Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data JF - JGR / Planets N2 - Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007429 SN - 2169-9097 SN - 2169-9100 VL - 127 IS - 9 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huelscher, Julian A1 - Sobel, Edward R. A1 - Verwater, Vincent A1 - Gross, Philip A1 - Chew, David A1 - Bernhardt, Anne T1 - Detrital apatite geochemistry and thermochronology from the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine foreland record the early exhumation of the Tauern Window JF - Basin research N2 - The early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single-grain double-dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U-Pb dating) with trace-element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic-reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6% to 23%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up-section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24% to 38%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare-earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U-Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40% to 59% up-section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10%-27%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace-element geochemistry and U-Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an >= upper amphibolite-facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age - probably the otztal-Bundschuh nappe system - accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29-27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3-0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System. KW - detrital apatite fission track analysis KW - detrital apatite trace-element KW - geochemistry KW - Molasse Basin KW - Northern Alpine Foreland Basin KW - Tauern KW - Window Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12593 SN - 0950-091X SN - 1365-2117 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 3021 EP - 3044 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER -