TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koetting, Oliver
A1  - Santelia, Diana
A1  - Edner, Christoph
A1  - Eicke, Simona
A1  - Marthaler, Tina
A1  - Gentry, Matthew S.
A1  - Comparot-Moss, Sylviane
A1  - Chen, Jychian
A1  - Smith, Alison M.
A1  - Steup, Martin
A1  - Ritte, Gerhard
A1  - Zeeman, Samuel C.
T1  - STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana
N2  - Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in plants. It is comprised of glucans that form semicrystalline granules. Glucan phosphorylation is a prerequisite for normal starch breakdown, but phosphoglucan metabolism is not understood. A putative protein phosphatase encoded at the Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) locus of Arabidopsis thaliana was recently shown to be required for normal starch breakdown. Here, we show that SEX4 is a phosphoglucan phosphatase in vivo and define its role within the starch degradation pathway. SEX4 dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans in vitro, and sex4 null mutants accumulate phosphorylated intermediates of starch breakdown. These compounds are linear alpha-1,4-glucans esterified with one or two phosphate groups. They are released from starch granules by the glucan hydrolases alpha-amylase and isoamylase. In vitro experiments show that the rate of starch granule degradation is increased upon simultaneous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of starch. We propose that glucan phosphorylating enzymes and phosphoglucan phosphatases work in synergy with glucan hydrolases to mediate efficient starch catabolism.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.plantcell.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.064360
SN  - 1040-4651
ER  -