TY - GEN A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Schell, Mareike A1 - Ritter, Katrin A1 - Kappert, Kai A1 - Deubel, Stefanie A1 - Ott, Christiane A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - HSP60 reduction protects against diet-induced obesity by modulating energy metabolism in adipose tissue T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective Insulin regulates mitochondrial function, thereby propagating an efficient metabolism. Conversely, diabetes and insulin resistance are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction with a decreased expression of the mitochondrial chaperone HSP60. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of a reduced HSP60 expression on the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Methods Control and heterozygous whole-body HSP60 knockout (Hsp60+/−) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) for 16 weeks and subjected to extensive metabolic phenotyping. To understand the effect of HSP60 on white adipose tissue, microarray analysis of gonadal WAT was performed, ex vivo experiments were performed, and a lentiviral knockdown of HSP60 in 3T3-L1 cells was conducted to gain detailed insights into the effect of reduced HSP60 levels on adipocyte homeostasis. Results Male Hsp60+/− mice exhibited lower body weight with lower fat mass. These mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity compared to control, as assessed by Matsuda Index and HOMA-IR. Accordingly, insulin levels were significantly reduced in Hsp60+/− mice in a glucose tolerance test. However, Hsp60+/− mice exhibited an altered adipose tissue metabolism with elevated insulin-independent glucose uptake, adipocyte hyperplasia in the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction, altered autophagy, and local insulin resistance. Conclusions We discovered that the reduction of HSP60 in mice predominantly affects adipose tissue homeostasis, leading to beneficial alterations in body weight, body composition, and adipocyte morphology, albeit exhibiting local insulin resistance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1235 KW - Mitochondria KW - Stress response KW - Obesity KW - Glucose homeostasis KW - Insulin resistance KW - Adipose tissue Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548002 SN - 1866-8372 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gurke, Marie A1 - Vidal-Gorosquieta, Amalia A1 - Pajimans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Wȩcek, Karolina A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - González-Fortes, Gloria M. A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Insight into the introduction of domestic cattle and the process of Neolithization to the Spanish region Galicia by genetic evidence T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Domestic cattle were brought to Spain by early settlers and agricultural societies. Due to missing Neolithic sites in the Spanish region of Galicia, very little is known about this process in this region. We sampled 18 cattle subfossils from different ages and different mountain caves in Galicia, of which 11 were subject to sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis, to provide insight into the introduction of cattle to this region. We detected high similarity between samples from different time periods and were able to compare the time frame of the first domesticated cattle in Galicia to data from the connecting region of Cantabria to show a plausible connection between the Neolithization of these two regions. Our data shows a close relationship of the early domesticated cattle of Galicia and modern cow breeds and gives a general insight into cattle phylogeny. We conclude that settlers migrated to this region of Spain from Europe and introduced common European breeds to Galicia. KW - Haplogroups KW - Mitochondria KW - Cattle KW - Genomics KW - Domestic animals KW - Livestock KW - Single nucleotide polymorphisms KW - Neolithic period Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-520875 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hauffe, Robert T1 - Investigating metabolic consequences of an HSP60 reduction during diet-induced obesity T1 - Metabolische Folgen einer HSP60 Reduktion während des Diät-induzierten Übergewichts N2 - The mitochondrial chaperone complex HSP60/HSP10 facilitates mitochondrial protein homeostasis by folding more than 300 mitochondrial matrix proteins. It has been shown previously that HSP60 is downregulated in brains of type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice and patients, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. As HSP60 is also decreased in peripheral tissues in T2D animals, this thesis investigated the effect of overall reduced HSP60 in the development of obesity and associated co-morbidities. To this end, both female and male C57Bl/6N control (i.e. without further alterations in their genome, Ctrl) and heterozygous whole-body Hsp60 knock-out (Hsp60+/-) mice, which exhibit a 50 % reduction of HSP60 in all tissues, were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or a highfat diet (HFD, 60 % calories from fat) for 16 weeks and were subjected to extensive metabolic phenotyping including indirect calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, insulin, glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests, vena cava insulin injections, as well as histological and molecular analysis. Interestingly, NCD feeding did not result in any striking phenotype, only a mild increase in energy expenditure in Hsp60+/- mice. Exposing mice to a HFD however revealed an increased body weight due to higher muscle mass in female Hsp60+/- mice, with a simultaneous decrease in energy expenditure. Additionally, these mice displayed decreased fasting glycemia. Opposingly, male Hsp60+/- compared to control mice showed lower body weight gain due to decreased fat mass and an increased energy expenditure, strikingly independent of lean mass. Further, only male Hsp60+/- mice display improved HOMA-IR and Matsuda insulin sensitivity indices. Despite the opposite phenotype in regards to body weight development, Hsp60+/- mice of both sexes show a significantly higher cell number, as well as a reduction in adipocyte size in the subcutaneous and gonadal white adipose tissue (sc/gWAT). Curiously, this adipocyte hyperplasia – usually associated with positive aspects of WAT function – is disconnected from metabolic improvements, as the gWAT of male Hsp60+/- mice shows mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Transcriptomic analysis of gWAT shows an up regulation of genes involved in macroautophagy. Confirmatory, expression of microtubuleassociated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3), as a protein marker of autophagy, and direct measurement of lysosomal activity is increased in the gWAT of male Hsp60+/- mice. In summary, this thesis revealed a novel gene-nutrient interaction. The reduction of the crucial chaperone HSP60 did not have large effects in mice fed a NCD, but impacted metabolism during DIO in a sex-specific manner, where, despite opposing body weight and body composition phenotypes, both female and male Hsp60+/- mice show signs of protection from high fat diet-induced systemic insulin resistance. N2 - Der mitochondriale Chaperonkomplex HSP60/10 ist für die korrekte Faltung von über 300 mitochondrialen Matrixproteinen verantwortlich. Es wurde bereits gezeigt, dass HSP60 in Gehirnen von Patienten sowie Mäusen mit Typ 2 Diabetes (T2D) reduziert ist, was zu mitochondrialer Dysfunktion und Insulinresistenz führt. HSP60 ist darüber hinaus auch in peripheren Organen von T2D Mäusen reduziert. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit hat daher den Einfluss einer generellen Reduktion von HSP60 auf die Entwicklung von Übergewicht und die damit assoziierten Komorbiditäten untersucht. Hierfür wurden weibliche und männliche C57Bl/6N Kontroll Mäuse (d.h. ohne wietere Veränderung ihres Genoms, Ctrl), sowie C57Bl/6N Mäuse mit einer heterozygoten Deletion von HSP60 (Hsp60+/-) genutzt. Die Hsp60+/- Maus zeigt eine 50 % Reduktion von HSP60 in allen Geweben. Allen Tieren wurde in der Folge entweder eine normale Haltungsdiät (NCD) oder eine 60 % Hochfettdiät (HFD) gefüttert und einer intensiven metabolischen Charakterisierung unterzogen. Dies beinhaltete indirekte Kalorimetrie, NMR Spektroskopie, Insulin, Glukose und Pyruvat Toleranztests, direkte vena cava Insulinapplikation, sowie eingehende histologische und molekulare Untersuchungen. Interessanterweise zeigte die Fütterung mit der NCD keine stark ausgeprägten Phänotypen, lediglich ein leichter Anstieg im Energieverbrauch war zu beobachten. Die Fütterung mit der HFD dagegen führte auf Grund von größerer Muskelmasse zu einem erhöhten Körpergewicht in weiblichen Hsp60+/- Mäusen, was mit gleichzeitig verringertem Energieverbrauch einherging. Zusätzlich war bei diesen Mäusen der gefastete Bluzuckerspiegel verringert. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten männliche Hsp60+/- Mäuse ein verringertes Körpergewicht, bedingt durch eine geringere Fettmasse sowie erhöhtem Energieverbrauch. Darüber hinaus war bei männlichen Hsp60+/- Mäusen eine Verbesserung der Insulin Sensitivitätsindizes HOMA-IR und Matsuda Index zu verzeichnen. Trotz dieses gegenteiligen Phänotyps zeigten beide Geschlechter eine erhöhte Zellzahl, sowie eine verringerte Zellgröße der Adipozyten im subkutanen und gonadalen weißen Fettgewebe (sc/gWAT (engl: white adipose tissue)). Überraschenderweise ist diese Adipozytenhyperplasie – normalerweise assoziiert mit verbesserter Fettgewebsfunktion – losgelöst von verbesserter WAT Funktion, da das gWAT männlicher Hsp60+/- Mäuse mitochondriale Dysfunktion, oxidativen Stress und Insulinresistenz zeigt. Eine folgende Transkriptomanalyse gab Hinweise auf eine Induktion der Makroautophagie. Bestätigend hierfür ist im gWAT der heterozygoten Mäuse die Expression des Autophagie Markers microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3), sowie die direkt gemessene lysosomale Aktivität erhöht. Zusammenfassend konnte in dieser Arbeit eine neuartige Gen-Nährstoff Interaktion gezeigt werden. So zeigte die Reduktion des wichtigen Chaperons HSP60 unter NCD Fütterung nur schwache Effekte, während unter Hochfettdiätfütterung der Stoffwechsel geschlechtsspezifisch beinflusst wurde. Obwohl die beiden Geschlechter der Hsp60+/- Mäuse gegenteilige Phänotypen im Bezug auf Körpergewicht und Körperzusammensetzung aufwiesen, zeigen beide Anzeichen eines Schutzes vor Hochfettdiät-induzierter Insulinresistenz. KW - Obesity KW - Adipose tissue KW - Insulin resistance KW - Mitochondria KW - Fettgewebe KW - Insulinresistenz KW - Mitochondrien KW - Adipositas Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-509294 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Henneberger, Kirstin A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Foerste, Daniel W. G. T1 - Ancestral mitogenome capture of the Southeast Asian banded linsang T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 972 KW - Shotgun sequencing KW - Mitochondria KW - Phylogenetics KW - Phylogenetic analysis KW - Paleogenetics KW - Sequence alignment KW - Genomics KW - Museum collections Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474441 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 972 ER -