TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goetz, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Goedeke, Kristin
A1  - Wolf, Kristine
A1  - Jander, Elisabeth
A1  - Sievers, Steven
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Assessment of amino acids during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium. L.)
JF  - Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science
N2  - This study examined changes in sweet cherry buds of ‘Summit’ cultivar in four seasons (2011/12–2014/15) with respect to the nitrogen (N) content and the profile of eight free amino acids (asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), isoleucine (Ile), glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), histidine (His)). The presented results are to our knowledge the first under natural conditions in fruit tree orchards with a high temporal resolution from the dormant stage until cluster development. The N content in the buds from October, during endo- and ecodormancy until the beginning of ontogenetic development was a relatively stable parameter in each of the four seasons. The N accumulation into the buds began after ‘swollen bud’ and significant differences were visible at ‘green tip’ with an N content of 3.24, 3.12, 3.08, 2.40 which increased markedly to the mean of ‘tight’ and ‘open cluster’ by 3.77%, 3.78%, 3.44% and 3.10% in 2012–2015, respectively. In the buds, levels of asparagine were higher (up to 44 mg g−1 DW−1) than aspartic acid (up to 2 mg g−1 DW−1) and aspartic acid higher than isoleucine (up to 0.83 mg g−1 DW−1). Levels of glutamine were higher (up to 25 mg g−1 DW−1) than glutamic acid (up to 20 mg g−1 DW−1). The course of the arginine content was higher in 2011/12 compared to 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed only slight differences. The alanine content in the buds was denoted in the four seasons only by relatively minor changes. The histidine content was higher in 2011/12 and 2012/13 compared to 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed a comparable pattern. For 6 amino acids (Asn, Asp, Ile, Glu, Arg, Ala), the highest content was observed in 2012/13, the warmest period between swollen bud and open cluster. However in 2014/15, the season with the lowest mean temperature of 8.8 °C, only the content of Gln was the lowest. It was not possible to explain any seasonal differences in the amino acid content by environmental factors (air temperature) on the basis of few seasons. From none of the measured free amino acids could a clear determination of the date of endodormancy release (t1) or the beginning of the ontogenetic development (t1*) be derived. Therefore, these amino acids are no suitable markers to improve phenological models for the beginning of cherry blossom.
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Flower buds
KW  - Prunus avium L.
KW  - Dormancy
KW  - Ontogenetic development
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.001
SN  - 0304-4238
SN  - 1879-1018
VL  - 222
SP  - 102
EP  - 110
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Association between pubertal stage at first drink and neural reward processing in early adulthood
JF  - Addiction biology
N2  - Puberty is a critical time period during human development. It is characterized by high levels of risk-taking behavior, such as increased alcohol consumption, and is accompanied by various neurobiological changes. Recent studies in animals and humans have revealed that the pubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) significantly impacts drinking behavior in adulthood. Moreover, neuronal alterations of the dopaminergic reward system have been associated with alcohol abuse or addiction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of PSFD on neuronal characteristics of reward processing linked to alcohol-related problems. One hundred sixty-eight healthy young adults from a prospective study covering 25 years participated in a monetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. PSFD was determined according to the age at menarche or Tanner stage of pubertal development, respectively. Alcohol-related problems in early adulthood were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). During reward anticipation, decreased fMRI activation of the frontal cortex and increased preparatory EEG activity (contingent negative variation) occurred with pubertal compared to postpubertal first alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol-related problems during early adulthood were increased in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners, which was mediated by neuronal activation of the right medial frontal gyrus. At reward delivery, increased fMRI activation of the left caudate and higher feedback-related EEG negativity were detected in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners. Together with animal findings, these results implicate PSFD as a potential modulator of psychopathology, involving altered reward anticipation. Both PSFD timing and reward processing might thus be potential targets for early prevention and intervention.
KW  - alcohol-related problems
KW  - electroencephalography
KW  - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - puberty
KW  - reward processing
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12413
SN  - 1355-6215
SN  - 1369-1600
VL  - 22
SP  - 1402
EP  - 1415
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Barbara
A1  - Meyer, Sören
A1  - Ebert, Franziska
A1  - Francesconi, Kevin A.
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - Toxicity of two classes of arsenolipids and their water-soluble metabolites in human differentiated neurons
JF  - Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX
N2  - Arsenolipids are lipid-soluble organoarsenic compounds, mainly occurring in marine organisms, with arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) representing two major subgroups. Recently, toxicity studies of several arsenolipids showed a high cytotoxic potential of those arsenolipids in human liver and bladder cells. Furthermore, feeding studies with Drosophila melanogaster indicated an accumulation of arsenolipids in the fruit fly’s brain. In this study, the neurotoxic potential of three AsHCs, two AsFAs and three metabolites (dimethylarsinic acid, thio/oxo-dimethylarsenopropanoic acid) was investigated in comparison to the toxic reference arsenite (iAsIII) in fully differentiated human brain cells (LUHMES cells). Thereby, in the case of AsHCs both the cell number and cell viability were reduced in a low micromolar concentration range comparable to iAsIII, while AsFAs and the applied metabolites were less toxic. Mechanistic studies revealed that AsHCs reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas neither iAsIII nor AsFAs had an impact. Furthermore, neurotoxic mechanisms were investigated by examining the neuronal network. Here, AsHCs massively disturbed the neuronal network and induced apoptotic effects, while iAsIII and AsFAs showed comparatively lesser effects. Taking into account the substantial in vitro neurotoxic potential of the AsHCs and the fact that they could transfer across the physiological barriers of the brain, a neurotoxic potential in vivo for the AsHCs cannot be excluded and needs to be urgently characterized.
KW  - Arsenolipids
KW  - Neurons
KW  - Cytotoxicity
KW  - Neurotoxicity
KW  - Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons
KW  - Arsenic-containing fatty acids
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-1933-x
SN  - 0340-5761
SN  - 1432-0738
VL  - 91
SP  - 3121
EP  - 3134
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eggers, Fabian
A1  - Lovelace, Kathi J.
A1  - Kraft, Frederik
T1  - Fostering creativity through critical thinking: The case of business start-up simulations
JF  - Creativity and innovation management
N2  - Research suggests a positive link between critical thinking and creativity. However, this relationship has not been measured in an empirical study. This study aims to explore whether critical thinking can serve to enhance creativity and whether creativity positively mediates the relationship between critical thinking and business performance. In this study, we analyse these relationships within the entrepreneurial context of a web-based business start-up simulation. We examined data from 26 teams of three to four senior business students and found partial support for our hypotheses. Critical thinking positively influenced creativity, measured as the total number of unique product designs. Creativity (unique product designs) also positively mediated the link between critical thinking and performance. This effect, however, did not exist when creativity was assessed through advertisement designs. This research contributes to entrepreneurship and innovation management by demonstrating the importance of critical thinking as a basis for creativity and testing this relationship in a business start-up simulation context.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12225
SN  - 0963-1690
SN  - 1467-8691
VL  - 26
SP  - 266
EP  - 276
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - Shared function and moonlighting proteins in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
JF  - Biological chemistry
N2  - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a highly conserved pathway in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The molybdenum atom in Moco-containing enzymes is coordinated to the dithiolene group of a tricyclic pyranopterin monophosphate cofactor. The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three conserved steps, with a fourth present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of molybdopterin (MPT), (3) insertion of molybdenum into MPT to form Mo-MPT, and (4) additional modification of Mo-MPT in bacteria with the attachment of a GMP or CMP nucleotide, forming the dinucleotide variants of Moco. While the proteins involved in the catalytic reaction of each step of Moco biosynthesis are highly conserved among the Phyla, a surprising link to other cellular pathways has been identified by recent discoveries. In particular, the pathways for FeS cluster assembly and thio-modifications of tRNA are connected to Moco biosynthesis by sharing the same protein components. Further, proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis are not only shared with other pathways, but additionally have moonlighting roles. This review gives an overview of Moco biosynthesis in bacteria and humans and highlights the shared function and moonlighting roles of the participating proteins.
KW  - FeS cluster
KW  - molybdenum cofactor
KW  - molybdo-enzymes
KW  - moonlighting
KW  - sulfur transfer
KW  - tRNA thiolation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2017-0110
SN  - 1431-6730
SN  - 1437-4315
VL  - 398
SP  - 1009
EP  - 1026
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Markovic, Danijela
A1  - Carrizo, Savrina F.
A1  - Kaercher, Oskar
A1  - Walz, Ariane
A1  - David, Jonathan N. W.
T1  - Vulnerability of European freshwater catchments to climate change
JF  - Global change biology
N2  - Climate change is expected to exacerbate the current threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet multifaceted studies on the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater biodiversity at scales that inform management planning are lacking. The aim of this study was to fill this void through the development of a novel framework for assessing climate change vulnerability tailored to freshwater ecosystems. The three dimensions of climate change vulnerability are as follows: (i) exposure to climate change, (ii) sensitivity to altered environmental conditions and (iii) resilience potential. Our vulnerability framework includes 1685 freshwater species of plants, fishes, molluscs, odonates, amphibians, crayfish and turtles alongside key features within and between catchments, such as topography and connectivity. Several methodologies were used to combine these dimensions across a variety of future climate change models and scenarios. The resulting indices were overlaid to assess the vulnerability of European freshwater ecosystems at the catchment scale (18 783 catchments). The Balkan Lakes Ohrid and Prespa and Mediterranean islands emerge as most vulnerable to climate change. For the 2030s, we showed a consensus among the applied methods whereby up to 573 lake and river catchments are highly vulnerable to climate change. The anthropogenic disruption of hydrological habitat connectivity by dams is the major factor reducing climate change resilience. A gap analysis demonstrated that the current European protected area network covers <25% of the most vulnerable catchments. Practical steps need to be taken to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity under climate change. Priority should be placed on enhancing stakeholder cooperation at the major basin scale towards preventing further degradation of freshwater ecosystems and maintaining connectivity among catchments. The catchments identified as most vulnerable to climate change provide preliminary targets for development of climate change conservation management and mitigation strategies.
KW  - catchment connectivity
KW  - climate change
KW  - exposure
KW  - freshwater biodiversity
KW  - gap analysis
KW  - resilience
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - vulnerability
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13657
SN  - 1354-1013
SN  - 1365-2486
VL  - 23
SP  - 3567
EP  - 3580
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goerg, Marlena
A1  - Ploch, Sebastian
A1  - Kruse, Julia
A1  - Kummer, Volker
A1  - Runge, Fabian
A1  - Choi, Young-Joon
A1  - Thines, Marco
T1  - Revision of Plasmopara (Oomycota, Peronosporales) parasitic to Impatiens
JF  - Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society
N2  - The oomycete Plasmopara obducens was first described on wild Impatiens noli-tangere in Germany in 1877. About 125 years later the first occurrence of P. obducens on cultivated I. walleriana in the United Kingdom was reported, and a worldwide epidemic followed. Although this pathogen is a major threat for ornamental busy lizzy, the identity of the pathogen remained unconfirmed and the high host specificity observed for the genus Plasmopara cast doubts regarding its determination as P. obducens. In this study, using multigene phylogenies and morphological investigation, it is revealed that P. obducens on I. noli-tangere is not the conspecific with the pathogen affecting I. walleriana and another ornamental balsam, I. balsamina. As a consequence, the new names P. destructor and P. velutina are introduced for the pathogens of I. walleriana and I. balsamina, respectively.
KW  - Busy lizzy
KW  - Downy mildew
KW  - Horticulture
KW  - Lady slipper balsam
KW  - New species
KW  - Peronosporaceae
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Touch-me-not
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1316-y
SN  - 1617-416X
SN  - 1861-8952
VL  - 16
SP  - 791
EP  - 799
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Egholm, David L.
A1  - Jansen, John D.
A1  - Braedstrup, Christian F.
A1  - Pedersen, Vivi K.
A1  - Andersen, Jane Lund
A1  - Ugelvig, Sofie V.
A1  - Larsen, Nicolaj K.
A1  - Knudsen, Mads F.
T1  - Formation of plateau landscapes on glaciated continental margins
JF  - Nature geoscience
N2  - Low-relief plateaus separated by deeply incised fjords are hallmarks of glaciated, passive continental margins. Spectacular examples fringe the once ice-covered North Atlantic coasts of Greenland, Norway and Canada, but low-relief plateau landscapes also underlie present-day ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland. Dissected plateaus have long been viewed as the outcome of selective linear erosion by ice sheets that focus incision in glacial troughs, leaving the intervening landscapes essentially unaffected. According to this hypothesis, the plateaus are remnants of preglacial low-relief topography. However, here we use computational experiments to show that, like fjords, plateaus are emergent properties of long-term ice-sheet erosion. Ice sheets can either increase or decrease subglacial relief depending on the wavelength of the underlying topography, and plateau topography arises dynamically from evolving feedbacks between topography, ice dynamics and erosion over million-year timescales. This new mechanistic explanation for plateau formation opens the possibility of plateaus contributing significantly to accelerated sediment flux at the onset of the late Cenozoic glaciations, before becoming stable later in the Quaternary.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2980
SN  - 1752-0894
SN  - 1752-0908
VL  - 10
SP  - 592
EP  - +
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yoon, P. H.
A1  - Lopez, R. A.
A1  - Vafin, Sergei
A1  - Kim, S.
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
T1  - Spontaneous emission of Alfvenic fluctuations
JF  - Plasma physics and controlled fusion
N2  - Low-frequency fluctuations are pervasively observed in the solar wind. The present paper theoretically calculates the steady state spectra of low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) fluctuations of the Alfvenic type for thermal equilibrium plasma. The analysis is based upon a recently formulated theory of spontaneously emitted EM fluctuations in magnetized thermal plasmas. It is found that the fluctuations in the magnetosonic mode branch is constant, while the kinetic Alfvenic mode spectrum is dependent on a form factor that is a function of perpendicular wave number. Potential applicability of the present work in the wider context of heliospheric research is also discussed.
KW  - spontaneous emission
KW  - kinetic Alfven
KW  - magnetosonic
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa77c3
SN  - 0741-3335
SN  - 1361-6587
VL  - 59
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neill, Christopher
A1  - Jankowski, KathiJo
A1  - Brando, Paulo M.
A1  - Coe, Michael T.
A1  - Deegan, Linda A.
A1  - Macedo, Marcia N.
A1  - Riskin, Shelby H.
A1  - Porder, Stephen
A1  - Elsenbeer, Helmut
A1  - Krusche, Alex V.
T1  - Surprisingly Modest Water Quality Impacts From Expansion and Intensification of Large-Sscale Commercial Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon-Cerrado Region
JF  - Tropical conservation science
N2  - Large-scale commercial cropping of soybeans expanded in the tropical Amazon and Cerrado biomes of Brazil after 1990. More recently, cropping intensified from single-cropping of soybeans to double-cropping of soybeans with corn or cotton. Cropland expansion and intensification, and the accompanying use of mineral fertilizers, raise concerns about whether nutrient runoff and impacts to surface waters will be similar to those experienced in commercial cropland regions at temperate latitudes. We quantified water infiltration through soils, water yield, and streamwater chemistry in watersheds draining native tropical forest and single-and double-cropped areas on the level, deep, highly weathered soils where cropland expansion and intensification typically occurs. Although water yield increased four-fold from croplands, streamwater chemistry remained largely unchanged. Soil characteristics exerted important control over the movement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into streams. High soil infiltration rates prevented surface erosion and movement of particulate P, while P fixation in surface soils restricted P movement to deeper soil layers. Nitrogen retention in deep soils, likely by anion exchange, also appeared to limit N leaching and export in streamwater from both single-and double-cropped watersheds that received nitrogen fertilizer. These mechanisms led to lower streamwater P and N concentrations and lower watershed N and P export than would be expected, based on studies from temperate croplands with similar cropping and fertilizer application practices.
KW  - water
KW  - quality
KW  - agriculture
KW  - intensification
KW  - impact
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917720669
SN  - 1940-0829
VL  - 10
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  -