TY - THES A1 - Hanne, Sandra T1 - On the subject-object asymmetry in sentence comprehension in aphasia BT - implications from eye-tracking data and computational modeling Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - de Aguiar, Vania A1 - Rofes, Adria T1 - Non-fluent aphasia in Ibero-Romance: a review of morphosyntactic deficits JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: Castilian-Spanish, Catalan, Galician, and European Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages of the Ibero-Romance group. An increasing number of authors have addressed the impact of aphasia on the morphosyntax of these varieties. However, accurate linguistic characterisations are scarce and the different sources of data have not been yet compiled.Aims: To stimulate state-of-the-art research, we provided a comprehensive summary of morphosyntactic aspects of Ibero-Romance and a review of how these are affected in non-fluent aphasia. The topics we dealt with are the use of verb argument structure and morphology, sentential negation and word order, definite articles, personal and reflexive pronouns, passives, topicalised constructions, questions, and relative clauses.Methods & Procedures: An exhaustive fieldwork and search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline records were performed to retrieve studies focused on morphosyntactic issues concerning the Ibero-Romance varieties. A total of 27 studies produced by 46 authors of varying background emerged. We did not review studies of category-specific deficits and aspects related to bilingual aphasia, although we assume that most speakers of Galician and Catalan are bilingual. Studies of spontaneous speech were included when no controlled experimental tasks were available.Outcomes & Results: The morphosyntactic commonalities of Ibero-Romance have been tackled from different theoretical perspectives. There exist asymmetries in findings which we explain with the use of different tasks (and task complexity) and individual differences between participants.Conclusions: Discourse-linking factors as well as deviations from the canonical pattern are recurrent answers to these asymmetries. A comprehensive theory of impairments in non-fluent aphasia integrating relevant aspects of both structural and processing accounts seems necessary. KW - non-fluent aphasia KW - morphosyntax KW - Ibero-Romance Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.958915 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 126 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sidiropoulos, Kyriakos A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Ablinger, Irene A1 - Ackermann, Hermann T1 - The relationship between verbal and nonverbal auditory signal processing in conduction aphasia: behavioral and anatomical evidence for common decoding mechanisms JF - Neurocase : the neural basis of cognition N2 - The processing of nonverbal auditory stimuli has not yet been sufficiently investigated in patients with aphasia. On the basis of a duration discrimination task, we examined whether patients with left-sided cerebrovascular lesions were able to perceive time differences in the scale of approximately 150ms. Further linguistic and memory-related tasks were used to characterize more exactly the relationships in the performances between auditory nonverbal task and selective linguistic or mnemonic disturbances. All examined conduction aphasics showed increased thresholds in the duration discrimination task. The low thresholds on this task were in a strong correlative relation to the reduced performances in repetition and working memory task. This was interpreted as an indication of a pronounced disturbance in integrating auditory verbal information into a long-term window (sampling disturbance) resulting in an additional load of working memory. In order to determine the lesion topography of patients with sampling disturbances, the anatomical and psychophysical data were correlated on the basis of a voxelwise statistical approach. It was found that tissue damage extending through the insula, the posterior superior temporal gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus causes impairments in sequencing of time-sensitive information. KW - brain lesions KW - conduction aphasia KW - processing of auditory nonverbal stimuli KW - speech perception KW - speech pathology KW - lesion studies Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2014.902471 SN - 1355-4794 SN - 1465-3656 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 377 EP - 393 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wasner, Mirjam A1 - Möller, Korbinian A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Nuerk, Hans-Christoph T1 - Related but not the same: Ordinality, cardinality and 1-to-1 correspondence in finger-based numerical representations JF - Journal of cognitive psychology N2 - Finger-based numerical representations have gained increasing research interest. However, their description and assessment often refer to different numerical principles of ordinality, cardinality and 1-to-1 correspondence. Our aim was to investigate similarities and differences between these principles in finger-based numerical representations. Sixty-eight healthy adults performed ordinal finger counting, cardinal finger montring (showing the number of gestures) and finger-to-number mapping with twisted arms and fingers. We found that counting gestures and montring postures were identical for Number 10 but differed to varying degrees for other numbers. Interestingly, there was no systematic relation between finger-to-number mapping and ordinal finger counting habits. These data question the assumption of a unitary embodied finger-based numerical representation, but suggest that different finger-based representations co-exist and can be recruited flexibly depending on the numerical aspects to be conveyed. KW - Finger-based numerical representations KW - Finger counting KW - 1-to-1 Correspondence KW - Cardinality KW - Ordinality Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.964719 SN - 2044-5911 SN - 2044-592X VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 426 EP - 441 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - INPR A1 - Baumann, Stefan A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Prosody and information status in typological perspective - Introduction to the Special Issue T2 - Lingua : international review of general linguistics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2015.08.001 SN - 0024-3841 SN - 1872-6135 VL - 165 SP - 179 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genzel, Susanne A1 - Ishihara, Shinichiro A1 - Suranyi, Balazs T1 - The prosodic expression of focus, contrast and givenness: A production study of Hungarian JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - This paper reports the results of a production experiment that explores the prosodic realization of focus in Hungarian, a language that is characterized by obligatory syntactic focus marking. Our study investigates narrow focus in sentences in which focus is unambiguously marked by syntactic means, comparing it to broad focus sentences. Potential independent effects of the salience (textual givenness) of the background of the narrow focus and the contrastiveness of the focus are controlled for and are also examined. The results show that both continuous phonetic measures and categorical factors such as the distribution of contour types are affected by the focus-related factors, despite the presence of syntactic focus marking. The phonetic effects found are mostly parallel to those of typical prosodic focus marking languages like English. The prosodic prominence required of focus is realized through changes to the scaling and slope of F0 targets and contours. The asymmetric prominence relation between the focus and the background can be expressed not only by the phonetic marking of the prominence of the focused element, but also by the phonetic marking of the reduced prominence of the background. Furthermore, contrastiveness of focus and (textual) givenness of the background show independent phonetic effects, both of them affecting the realization of the background. These results are argued to shed light on alternative approaches to the information structural notion of contrastive focus and the relation between the notions of focus and givenness. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Hungarian KW - Prosody KW - Focus KW - Background KW - Givenness KW - Contrast Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.07.010 SN - 0024-3841 SN - 1872-6135 VL - 165 SP - 183 EP - 204 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verhoeven, Elisabeth A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Accentual preferences and predictability: An acceptability study on split intransitivity in German JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - The difference in the default prosodic realization of simple sentences with unergative vs. unaccusative/passive verbs (assigning early nuclear accent with unaccusative/passive verbs but late nuclear accent with unergative verbs) is often related to the syntactic distinction of their nominative arguments as starting off in different hierarchical positions. Alternative accounts try to trace this prosodic variation back to asymmetries in the semantic or pragmatic contribution of the verb to an utterance. The present article investigates the interaction of the assignment of default nuclear accent with the predictability of the verb. In an experimental study testing the acceptability of nuclear accent assignment, we confirmed that the predictability of the verb influences accentual preferences (such that highly predictable verbs are preferably not accented). However, the experiment also reveals that the unaccusativity distinction cannot be accounted for by means of pragmatic phenomena of this type: the two verb classes are associated with distinct accentual patterns in the baseline condition, that is, without the predictability manipulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Nuclear accent KW - Prosodic phrasing KW - Unaccusativity KW - Unergative verbs KW - Predictability KW - Information structure Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.09.013 SN - 0024-3841 SN - 1872-6135 VL - 165 SP - 298 EP - 315 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muckelbauer, Rebecca A1 - Englert, Heike A1 - Rieckmann, Nina A1 - Chen, Chih-Mei A1 - Wegscheider, Karl A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Katus, Hugo A. A1 - Willich, Stefan N. A1 - Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline T1 - Long-term effect of a low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program for patients with hypercholesterolemia: Randomized controlled trial JF - Preventive medicine : an international journal devoted to practice and theory N2 - Objective. We evaluated the long-term effect of a smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program in patients with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Method. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial: In 2002-2004,8108 patients with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled from general practices in Germany. Patients received a 12-month adherence program and statin medication (intervention) or statin medication only (control). The program aimed to improve adherence to medication and lifestyle by educational material, mailings, and phone calls. Smoking was self-reported at baseline and every 6 months during the 3-year follow-up. Results. In total, 7640 patients were analyzed. At baseline, smoking prevalence was 21.7% in the intervention and 21.5% in the control group. Prevalence decreased in both groups to 16.6% vs. 19.5%, 153% vs. 16.8%, and 14.2% vs. 15.6% at the 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up. The intervention had a beneficial effect on smoking differing over time (group x time: P = 0.005). The effect was largest after 6 and 12 months [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.67 (0.54-0.82) and 0.63 (0.51-0.78)]. The effect decreased until the 18-month follow-up [0.72 (0.58-0.90)] and was not significant after 24 months. Conclusion. A low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program can contribute to smoking cessation although the intervention effect diminished over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Smoking KW - Smoking cessation KW - Cardiovascular risk factors KW - Health promotion KW - Randomized controlled trial KW - Multiple risk factor intervention KW - Hypercholesterolemia Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.026 SN - 0091-7435 SN - 1096-0260 VL - 77 SP - 155 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinhas, Michal A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Addition goes where the big numbers are: evidence for a reversed operational momentum effect JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - Number processing evokes spatial biases, both when dealing with single digits and in more complex mental calculations. Here we investigated whether these two biases have a common origin, by examining their flexibility. Participants pointed to the locations of arithmetic results on a visually presented line with an inverted, right-to-left number arrangement. We found directionally opposite spatial biases for mental arithmetic and for a parity task administered both before and after the arithmetic task. We discuss implications of this dissociation in our results for the task-dependent cognitive representation of numbers. KW - Mental arithmetic KW - Mental number line KW - Operational momentum KW - Pointing KW - SNARC Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0786-z SN - 1069-9384 SN - 1531-5320 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 993 EP - 1000 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krajenbrink, Trudy A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey A1 - Kohnen, Saskia T1 - Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review JF - Neuropsychological rehabilitation N2 - This paper provides a comprehensive review of treatment studies of acquired dysgraphia and the occurrence of generalisation after this treatment. The aim is to examine what determines the occurrence of generalisation by investigating the link between the level of impairment, the method of treatment, and the outcome of therapy. We present the outcomes of treatment with regard to generalisation in 40 treatment studies. We derive general principles of generalisation which provide us with a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation: (1) Direct treatment effects on representations or processes; (2) interactive processing and summation of activation; and (3) strategies and compensatory skills. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the cognitive processes used for spelling. Finally, we provide suggestions for the direction of further research into this important area, as a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation could maximise treatment effects for an individual with acquired dysgraphia. KW - Generalisation KW - Spelling KW - Treatment KW - Acquired dysgraphia Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2014.983135 SN - 0960-2011 SN - 1464-0694 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 503 EP - 554 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -