TY - JOUR A1 - Yildirim-Semerci, Cigdem A1 - Benayahu, Dafna A1 - Adamovski, Miriam A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula T1 - An Electrochemical Assay for Monitoring Differentiation of the Osteoblastic Cell Line (MBA-15) on the Sensor Chip JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - An electrochemical assay for the indication of the activity of the cell bound differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is proposed using voltammetry on an in-vitro cell culture. The basis of the assay is cultivation of cells on gold microelectrodes in wells of a microplate, catalytic hydrolysis of p-aminophenyl phosphate by ALP and indication of p-aminophenol oxidation by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the sensors onto which the cells attached. The morphology of the bone marrow stromal cell line (MBA-15) on the electrode surface was investigated and it exhibited in vitro osteogenic characteristics. Since ALP is expressed on the cell surface in early differentiation stage of osteoblastic cells, its activity was followed after different culture times over a period of 144 h by recording repetitive voltammograms at different time points upon addition of the substrate p-aminophenyl phosphate. The ALP activity was estimated from the signal increase related to formation rate of p-aminophenol and the number of cells. The highest value was measured at 120 h, when the cells reached confluence. The results of the electrochemical activity assay are consistent with the colorimetric acquired value from p-nitrophenol formation rate. KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Osteoblast KW - Voltammetry KW - Biomarker KW - p-Aminophenol Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400684 SN - 1040-0397 SN - 1521-4109 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1350 EP - 1358 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Dechtrirat, Decha A1 - Bosserdt, Maria A1 - Jetzschmann, Katharina J. A1 - Gajovic-Eichelmann, Nenad A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Cytochrome c-derived hybrid systems based on moleculary imprinted polymers JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - Hybrid architectures which combine a MIP with an immobilized affinity ligand or a biocatalyst sum up the advantages of both components. In this paper, hybrid architectures combining a layer of a molecularly imprinted electropolymer with a mini-enzyme or a self-assembled monolayer will be presented. (i) Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) catalyzed oxidation of the drug aminopyrine on a product-imprinted sublayer: The peroxide dependent conversion of the analyte aminopyrine takes place in the MP-11 containing layer on top of a product-imprinted electropolymer on the indicator electrode. The hierarchical architecture resulted in the elimination of interfering signals for ascorbic acid and uric acid. An advantage of the new hierarchical structure is the separation of MIP formation by electropolymerization and immobilization of the catalyst. In this way it was for the first time possible to integrate an enzyme with a MIP layer in a sensor configuration. This combination has the potential to be transferred to other enzymes, e.g. P450, opening the way to clinically important analytes. (ii) Epitope-imprinted poly-scopoletin layer for binding of the C-terminal peptide and cytochrome c (Cyt c): The MIP binds both the target peptide and the parent protein almost eight times stronger than the non-imprinted polymer with affinities in the lower micromolar range. Exchange of only one amino acid in the peptide decreases the binding by a factor of five. (iii) MUA-poly-scopoletin MIP for cytochrome c: Cyt c bound to the MIP covered gold electrode exhibits direct electron transfer with a redox potential and rate constant typical for the native protein. The MIP cover layer suppresses the displacement of the target protein by BSA or myoglobin. The combination of protein imprinted polymers with an efficient electron transfer is a new concept for characterizing electroactive proteins such as Cyt c. The competition with other proteins shows that the MIP binds its target Cyt c preferentially and that molecular shape and the charge of protein determine the binding of interfering proteins. KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers KW - Microperoxidase-11 KW - Cytochrome c KW - Catalytically active MIPs KW - Epitope imprinting KW - Monoclonal MIPs Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400592 SN - 1040-0397 SN - 1521-4109 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 573 EP - 586 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Wei A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume A1 - Jolivet, Marc A1 - Guo, Zhaojie A1 - Bougeois, Laurie A1 - Bosboom, Roderic A1 - Zhang, Ziya A1 - Zhu, Bei A1 - Heilbronn, Gloria T1 - Magnetostratigraphic record of the early evolution of the southwestern Tian Shan foreland basin (Ulugqat area), interactions with Pamir indentation and India-Asia collision JF - Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth N2 - The Tian Shan range is an inherited intracontinental structure reactivated by the far-field effects of the India-Asia collision. A growing body of thermochronology and magnetostratigraphy datasets shows that the range grew through several tectonic pulses since similar to 25 Ma, however the early Cenozoic history remains poorly constrained. The time-lag between the Eocene India-Asia collision and the Miocene onset of Tian Shan exhumation is particularly enigmatic. This peculiar period is potentially recorded along the southwestern Tian Shan piedmont. There, late Eocene marine deposits of the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea transition to continental foreland basin sediments of unknown age were recently dated. We provide magnetostratigraphic dating of these continental sediments from the 1700-m-thick Mine section integrated with previously published detrital apatite fission track and U/Pb zircon ages. The most likely correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale indicates an age span from 20.8 to 13.3 Ma with a marked increase in accumulation rates at 19-18 Ma. This implies that the entire Oligocene period is missing between the last marine and first continental sediments, as suggested by previous southwestern Tian Shan results. This differs from the southwestern Tarim basin where Eocene marine deposits are continuously overlain by late Eocene-Oligocene continental sediments. This supports a simple evolution model of the western Tarim basin with Eocene-Oligocene foreland basin activation to the south related to northward thrusting of the Kunlun Shan, followed by early Miocene activation of northern foreland basin related to overthrusting of the south Tian Shan. Our data also support southward propagation of the Tian Shan piedmont from 20 to 18 Ma that may relate to motion on the Talas Fergana Fault. The coeval activation of a major right-lateral strike-slip system allowing indentation of the Pamir Salient into the Tarim basin, suggests far-field deformation from the India-Asia collision zone affected the Tian Shan and the Talas Fergana fault by early Miocene. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Magnetostratigraphy KW - Cenozoic KW - Tian Shan KW - Pamir KW - Tarim Basin KW - Tectonics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.01.003 SN - 0040-1951 SN - 1879-3266 VL - 644 SP - 122 EP - 137 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Wan A1 - Fang, Liang A1 - Nöchel, Ulrich A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Influence of deformation temperature on structural variation and shape-memory effect of a thermoplastic semi-crystalline multiblock copolymer JF - eXPRESS polymer letters N2 - A multiblock copolymer termed as PCL-PIBMD, consisting of crystallizable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) segments and crystallizable poly(3S-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione) (PIBMD) segments, has been reported as a material showing a thermally-induced shape-memory effect. While PIBMD crystalline domains act as netpoints to determine the permanent shape, both PCL crystalline domains and PIBMD amorphous domains, which have similar transition temperatures (T-trans) can act as switching domains. In this work, the influence of the deformation temperature (T-deform = 50 or 20 degrees C), which was above or below T-trans, on the structural changes of PCL-PIBMD during uniaxial deformation and the shapememory properties were investigated. Furthermore, the relative contribution of crystalline PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases to the fixation of the temporary shape were distinguished by a toluene vapor treatment approach. The results indicated that at 50 degrees C, both PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases can be orientated during deformation, resulting in thermally-induced crystals of PCL domains and joint contribution to the switching domains. In contrast at 20 degrees C, the temporary shape was mainly fixed by PCL crystals generated via strain-induced crystallization. KW - biodegradable polymers KW - shape-memory polymer KW - multiblock copolymer KW - polydepsipeptide Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.58 SN - 1788-618X VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - 624 EP - 635 PB - Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Polymer Engineering CY - Budapest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Zhou, Wei A1 - Shu, Hua A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Perceptual span depends on font size during the reading of chinese sentences JF - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition N2 - The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of font size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on font size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed. KW - eye movements KW - parafoveal processing KW - perceptual span KW - Chinese reading Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038097 SN - 0278-7393 SN - 1939-1285 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 209 EP - 219 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Sommer, Werner T1 - Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects of Emotional Word Semantics in Reading Chinese Sentences: Evidence From Eye Movements JF - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition N2 - Despite the well-known influence of emotional meaning on cognition, relatively less is known about its effects on reading behavior. We investigated whether fixation behavior during the reading of Chinese sentences is influenced by emotional word meaning in the parafovea. Two-character target words embedded into the same sentence frames provided emotionally positive, negative, or neutral contents. Fixation durations on neutral pretarget words were prolonged for positive parafoveal words and for highly frequent negative parafoveal words. In addition, fixation durations on foveal emotional words were shorter than those on neutral words. We also found that the role of emotional words varied as a function of their valence during foveal and parafoveal processing. These findings suggest a processing advantage for emotional words relative to emotionally neutral stimuli in foveal and parafoveal vision. We discuss implications for the notion of attention attraction due to emotional content. KW - parafoveal vision KW - emotion KW - reading KW - Chinese Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000095 SN - 0278-7393 SN - 1939-1285 VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 1237 EP - 1243 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Pan, Jinger A1 - Belanger, Nathalie N. A1 - Shu, Hua T1 - Chinese deaf readers have early access to parafoveal semantics JF - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition N2 - In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment. KW - parafoveal KW - sentence reading KW - Chinese KW - deaf readers Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000035 SN - 0278-7393 SN - 1939-1285 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 254 EP - 261 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming T1 - Visually complex foveal words increase the amount of parafoveal information acquired JF - Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision. N2 - This study investigates the effect of foveal load (i.e., processing difficulty of currently fixated words) on parafoveal information processing. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that high foveal load leads to reduced parafoveal processing efficiency, results of the present study showed that increasing foveal visual (but not linguistic) processing load actually increased the amount of parafoveal information acquired, presumably due to the fact that longer fixation duration on the pretarget word provided more time for parafoveal processing of the target word. It is therefore proposed in the present study that foveal linguistic processing load is not the only factor that determines parafoveal processing; preview time (afforded by foveal word visual processing load) may jointly influence parafoveal processing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Reading KW - Eye movements KW - Parafoveal processing KW - Chinese Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.025 SN - 0042-6989 SN - 1878-5646 VL - 111 SP - 91 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar A1 - König, Tobias A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Selective mass transport of azobenzene-containing photosensitive films towards or away from the light intensity JF - Journal of the Society for Information Display N2 - Here, we report on two photosensitive amorphous polymers showing opposite behavior upon exposure to illumination. The first polymer (PAZO) consists of linear backbone to which azobenzene-containing side chains are covalently attached, while in the second polymer (azo-PEI), the azobenzene side chains are attached ionically to a polyelectrolyte backbone. When irradiated through a mask, the PAZO goes away from the intensity maxima, leaving behind topography trenches, while the direction of the mass transport of the azo-PEI polymer points towards the intensity maxima. This kind of behavior has been reported only for certain liquid crystalline polymers that exhibit in-phase reaction on illumination, that is, topography maxima coincides with the intensity maxima. Furthermore, flat nanocrystals placed on top of azo-PEI film was found to be moved together with the mass transport of the underlying polymer film as visualized using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was also demonstrated that the two polymer films respond differently on irradiation with the polarization and intensity interference patterns (IPs). To record the kinetic of the surface relief grating formation within two polymers during irradiation with different IPs, we utilized a homemade setup combining the optical part for the generation of IP and AFM. A possible mechanism explaining different responses on the irradiation of amorphous polymers is discussed in the frame of a theoretical model proposed by Saphiannikova et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5032-5045 (2009)). KW - azobenzene KW - surface relief grating KW - light-induced mass transport KW - interference pattern KW - nano-object motion Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.306 SN - 1071-0922 SN - 1938-3657 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 154 EP - 162 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Jingsan A1 - Shalom, Menny A1 - Piersimoni, Fortunato A1 - Antonietti, Markus A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Brenner, Thomas J. K. T1 - Color-Tunable Photoluminescence and NIR Electroluminescence in Carbon Nitride Thin Films and Light-Emitting Diodes JF - Advanced optical materials Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500019 SN - 2195-1071 VL - 3 IS - 7 SP - 913 EP - 917 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER -