TY - CHAP A1 - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo T1 - Image Control in Court: (Auto)Biographical Elements in Athenian Trial Speeches T2 - Competing perspectives : figures of image control Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7705-6490-3 VL - 2019 SP - 259 EP - 288 PB - Wilhelm Fink CY - Paderborn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - I marcatori di modalità (magari, forse, mica) nell’italiano parlato e i loro equivalenti nella lingua tedesca T2 - Lingua parlata. Un confronto fra l’italiano e alcune lingue europee Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-631-66338-7 SP - 187 EP - 297 PB - Lang CY - Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - Aronoff, Mark ED - Abbi, Anvita T1 - History of european vernacular grammar writing T2 - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics N2 - The grammatization of European vernacular languages began in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance and continued up until the end of the 18th century. Through this process, grammars were written for the vernaculars and, as a result, the vernaculars were able to establish themselves in important areas of communication. Vernacular grammars largely followed the example of those written for Latin, using Latin descriptive categories without fully adapting them to the vernaculars. In accord with the Greco-Latin tradition, the grammars typically contain sections on orthography, prosody, morphology, and syntax, with the most space devoted to the treatment of word classes in the section on “etymology.” The earliest grammars of vernaculars had two main goals: on the one hand, making the languages described accessible to non-native speakers, and on the other, supporting the learning of Latin grammar by teaching the grammar of speakers’ native languages. Initially, it was considered unnecessary to engage with the grammar of native languages for their own sake, since they were thought to be acquired spontaneously. Only gradually did a need for normative grammars develop which sought to codify languages. This development relied on an awareness of the value of vernaculars that attributed a certain degree of perfection to them. Grammars of indigenous languages in colonized areas were based on those of European languages and today offer information about the early state of those languages, and are indeed sometimes the only sources for now extinct languages. Grammars of vernaculars came into being in the contrasting contexts of general grammar and the grammars of individual languages, between grammar as science and as art and between description and standardization. In the standardization of languages, the guiding principle could either be that of anomaly, which took a particular variety of a language as the basis of the description, or that of analogy, which permitted interventions into a language aimed at making it more uniform. Y1 - 2018 PB - Oxford University CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O. T1 - Godfather politics and exclusionary local representation in REDD+ BT - a case study of the design of the UN-REDD-Supervised Nigeria-REDD Proposal T2 - Global forest governance and climate change N2 - Nuesiri assesses the UN-REDD (United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries) commitment to strengthen local democracy as a safeguard protecting local interests in REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation with the added goals of Conserving and Enhancing Forest Carbon Stocks, and Sustainably Managing Forests). The chapter examines local representation during the consultative process associated with the Nigeria-REDD proposal. Local representation was through selected individuals (descriptive representatives), customary authority, and NGOs (symbolic representatives). Elected local government authorities (substantive representatives) were excluded from the consultative process. Exclusion of elected local governments is linked to godfather politics in Nigeria, which enables state governors to subordinate local government authority and constrain their responsiveness to local needs. In approving the Nigeria-REDD proposal, the UN-REDD reinforced the subversion of local democracy in Nigeria. The UN-REDD would be fulfilling its democracy objectives in Nigeria by engaging substantively all local governance actors, including elected local government authorities. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-71945-0 SN - 978-3-319-71946-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71946-7_2 SP - 17 EP - 49 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Lederer, Markus T1 - Global political economy and development T2 - Global Environmental Politics Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-351-71664-2 SP - 47 EP - 56 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O. T1 - Global forest governance and climate change BT - introduction and overview T2 - Global forest governance and climate change Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-71945-0 SN - 978-3-319-71946-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71946-7_1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - Elizondo, Maria Teresa Echenique ED - Schrott, Angela ED - Pla Colomer, Francisco T1 - Fraseologismos con información temporal: entre la normalización, fijación y variación T2 - Como se hacen las unidades fraseológicas: continuidad y renovación en la diacronía del espacio castellano Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-631-76144-1 SP - 245 EP - 260 PB - Lang CY - Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Epistemische Verben in Einschüben im Deutschen und in romanischen Sprachen: Parenthesen, grammatikalisierte Modalisatoren oder subordinierte Matrixsätze? T2 - Parenthetische Einschübe N2 - Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes tragen der Multidimensionalität und Multifunktionalität parenthetischer Einschübe Rechnung, die die internationale linguistische Forschung in den letzten Jahrzenten herausgearbeitet hat. In mehrheitlich korpusgestützten Untersuchungen wird gesprochenes und geschriebenes Deutsch sowie Deutsch kontrastiv zu romanischen Sprachen analysiert. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-95809-120-7 SP - 157 EP - 173 PB - Stauffenburg Verlag CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kirchner, Vera T1 - Die (fast) vergessene Mauer T2 - Geschichte und Geschehen 9/10 für das Land Berlin/Brandenburg Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-12443-635-1 SP - 220 EP - 221 PB - Sauer CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kucera, Tom T1 - Der Umgang mit dem Tragischen - Zufall oder Vorsehung? T2 - Vom Umgang mit Verlust und Trauer im Judentum : Loss and mourning in the Jewish tradition Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-95565-247-0 SP - 160 EP - 173 PB - Hentrich und Hentrich Verlag Berlin CY - Berlin ER -